L’article presente l’histoire du voyage de Montpellier en Lituanie des plaques de cuivre representant les plantes mediterraneennes. Ces plaques furent preparees par Pierre Richer de Belleval (1555–1632), professeur de botanique, medecin des rois et fondateur du jardin botanique de Montpellier. Les plaques furent destinees a illustrer son ouvrage magistral sur la flore du Languedoc. Longtemps considerees comme perdues, ces plaques furent retrouvees en 1760 et sauvees grâce a Antoine Gouan (1733–1821), naturaliste de l’Universite de Montpellier. Ensuite elles furent achetees par Jean-Emmanuel Gilibert (1741–1814) grâce aux fonds avances par Stanislas-Auguste Poniatowski. Gilibert les amena en Lituanie dans le but de les faire publier. Il realisa son projet seulement partiellement en utilisant une partie des fonds pour illustrer Exercita phytologica, seu Flora Lithuanica . Des son retour en France, Gilibert negocia avec Poniatowski le retour des plaques ; le roi et grand-duc lui en fit cadeau. Une majeure partie de ces illustrations fut publiee a Lyon dans Demonstrations elementaires de Botaniques . Apres la prise de Lyon par l’armee revolutionnaire, les herbiers lituaniens de Gilibert furent detruits et les cuivres de Belleval perdus probablement a jamais.
这篇文章介绍了蒙彼利埃到立陶宛的旅程的历史铜板代表地中海植物。这些盘子是由皮埃尔·里奇·德·贝尔瓦尔(Pierre Richer de Belleval, 1555 - 1632)准备的，他是植物学教授、国王的医生和蒙彼利埃植物园的创始人。这些盘子是为了说明他关于朗格多克植物群的杰作。这些牌匾在1760年被发现，并在蒙彼利埃大学的博物学家Antoine Gouan(1733 - 1821)的帮助下得以保存。后来，由于斯坦尼斯拉斯-奥古斯特·波尼亚托斯基的预付款，让-伊曼纽尔·吉利伯特(1741 - 1814)买下了它们。Gilibert把它们带到立陶宛出版。他只是部分地实现了他的项目，用一部分资金来说明Exercita phytologica, seu Flora Lithuanica。回到法国后，吉利伯特与波尼亚托斯基就归还牌匾进行了谈判;国王和大公把它送给了他。这些插图的大部分发表在里昂的《植物学基本证明》中。革命军队占领里昂后，吉利伯特的立陶宛植物标本馆被摧毁，贝尔瓦尔的铜器可能永远消失了。
{"title":"Plantes méditerranéennes en Lituanie : l’extraordinaire voyage des cuivres et des illustrations de Pierre Richer de Belleval au XVIIIe siecle","authors":"P. Daszkiewicz","doi":"10.7220/2335-8769.63.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7220/2335-8769.63.13","url":null,"abstract":"L’article presente l’histoire du voyage de Montpellier en Lituanie des plaques de cuivre representant les plantes mediterraneennes. Ces plaques furent preparees par Pierre Richer de Belleval (1555–1632), professeur de botanique, medecin des rois et fondateur du jardin botanique de Montpellier. Les plaques furent destinees a illustrer son ouvrage magistral sur la flore du Languedoc. Longtemps considerees comme perdues, ces plaques furent retrouvees en 1760 et sauvees grâce a Antoine Gouan (1733–1821), naturaliste de l’Universite de Montpellier. Ensuite elles furent achetees par Jean-Emmanuel Gilibert (1741–1814) grâce aux fonds avances par Stanislas-Auguste Poniatowski. Gilibert les amena en Lituanie dans le but de les faire publier. Il realisa son projet seulement partiellement en utilisant une partie des fonds pour illustrer Exercita phytologica, seu Flora Lithuanica . Des son retour en France, Gilibert negocia avec Poniatowski le retour des plaques ; le roi et grand-duc lui en fit cadeau. Une majeure partie de ces illustrations fut publiee a Lyon dans Demonstrations elementaires de Botaniques . Apres la prise de Lyon par l’armee revolutionnaire, les herbiers lituaniens de Gilibert furent detruits et les cuivres de Belleval perdus probablement a jamais.","PeriodicalId":184184,"journal":{"name":"Deeds and Days","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129819980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
At first glance, the attempt to find common ground between Edmund Burke and Kristijonas Donelaitis is gratuitous and doomed to fail: biographically, nothing connects them, and they cannot even have heard of each other. Yet what they at least have in common is a deep-seated interest in the notions of time and duration: for the Lithuanian poet, the ever-recurring seasons provide human life with substance and pattern; for the Irish philosopher, they are of the essence of what nations are all about. As a critic of contractual theories, Burke argues that society is eternal, and proceeds from a primaval contract that was always there. He is particularly critical of the view that the earth belongs exclusively to the living, a view that has come to be associated with Thomas Jefferson: for Burke, if such were really the case, men would be no better than “the flies of a summer.” This image immediately conjures up a vision of the summer months, and makes us realize that Burke and Donelaitis are in fact kindred spirits: they share a common Protestant faith, a concern for the downtrodden peasantry, a view of the social contract as primaval, and the belief that men belong to deeply rooted, historical communities that make them truly human.
{"title":"The great primaeval contract of eternal society : Edmund Burke’s views on the social contract","authors":"P. Lurbe","doi":"10.7220/2335-8769.63.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7220/2335-8769.63.4","url":null,"abstract":"At first glance, the attempt to find common ground between Edmund Burke and Kristijonas Donelaitis is gratuitous and doomed to fail: biographically, nothing connects them, and they cannot even have heard of each other. Yet what they at least have in common is a deep-seated interest in the notions of time and duration: for the Lithuanian poet, the ever-recurring seasons provide human life with substance and pattern; for the Irish philosopher, they are of the essence of what nations are all about. As a critic of contractual theories, Burke argues that society is eternal, and proceeds from a primaval contract that was always there. He is particularly critical of the view that the earth belongs exclusively to the living, a view that has come to be associated with Thomas Jefferson: for Burke, if such were really the case, men would be no better than “the flies of a summer.” This image immediately conjures up a vision of the summer months, and makes us realize that Burke and Donelaitis are in fact kindred spirits: they share a common Protestant faith, a concern for the downtrodden peasantry, a view of the social contract as primaval, and the belief that men belong to deeply rooted, historical communities that make them truly human.","PeriodicalId":184184,"journal":{"name":"Deeds and Days","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134126169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It is generally assumed that James Thomson’s poetic cycle The Seasons (1730–1746) is is a celebration of nature’s omnipotence interspersed with pastoral or georgic episodes in which human protagonists reflect the contemporary trend in landscape painting towards representing idealised shepherds and happy swains. However, a closer reading of Thomson’s numerous desciptions of countryfolk reveals that his peasant figures are not mere ‘figures in the landscape’. On the contrary, they appear as key elements in the poet’s physico-theology. Inspired by John Barrell’s analysis of the ambiguities of the depiction of the ‘rural poor’ in eighteenth-century English painting and by Tim Fulford’s discussion of ‘landscapes of authority’, this paper would like to show that the numerous episodes of rural life in The Seasons were not intended as a superficial decor champetre . Our argument is that Thomson uses countryfolk as emblems of the complex relationship between nature and mankind. This paper analyzes the way descriptive elements from contemporary country life serve alternatively as sad reminder of man’s frailty when confronted to natural elements and also as unconscious models of human integration in the superior order of things. Despite their conventional appearance, these poetic constructions show evidence of a sharp departure from earlier definitions of the pastoral and georgic modes. In poetic and philosophical project of Thomson’s Seasons, countryfolk are a reminder that man is not a dweller in (and even less the master of) nature, but a component of the biosphere.
{"title":"Countryfolk in Thomson’s seasons : the dark side of the landscape, or emblems of natural integration?","authors":"P. Carboni","doi":"10.7220/2335-8769.63.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7220/2335-8769.63.5","url":null,"abstract":"It is generally assumed that James Thomson’s poetic cycle The Seasons (1730–1746) is is a celebration of nature’s omnipotence interspersed with pastoral or georgic episodes in which human protagonists reflect the contemporary trend in landscape painting towards representing idealised shepherds and happy swains. However, a closer reading of Thomson’s numerous desciptions of countryfolk reveals that his peasant figures are not mere ‘figures in the landscape’. On the contrary, they appear as key elements in the poet’s physico-theology. Inspired by John Barrell’s analysis of the ambiguities of the depiction of the ‘rural poor’ in eighteenth-century English painting and by Tim Fulford’s discussion of ‘landscapes of authority’, this paper would like to show that the numerous episodes of rural life in The Seasons were not intended as a superficial decor champetre . Our argument is that Thomson uses countryfolk as emblems of the complex relationship between nature and mankind. This paper analyzes the way descriptive elements from contemporary country life serve alternatively as sad reminder of man’s frailty when confronted to natural elements and also as unconscious models of human integration in the superior order of things. Despite their conventional appearance, these poetic constructions show evidence of a sharp departure from earlier definitions of the pastoral and georgic modes. In poetic and philosophical project of Thomson’s Seasons, countryfolk are a reminder that man is not a dweller in (and even less the master of) nature, but a component of the biosphere.","PeriodicalId":184184,"journal":{"name":"Deeds and Days","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124167840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As we learn from our political history, we can withdraw from our ability to empathize with other individuals’ pain and suffering. At the same time, we can get back to this ability – yet this doesn’t say a thing about our capability to be equally sensitive and compassionate about all troubled walks of life, situations, nations, and individuals. We are able to reduce human beings to things or non-persons so that they awaken only when we ourselves or our fellow countrymen are hit by the same kind of calamity or aggression. This withdrawal-and-return mechanism only shows how vulnerable, fragile, unpredictable, and universally valid human dignity and life are. This article is an attempt to map this mechanism theoretically through the concepts of guilt, adiaphora, and austerity.
{"title":"From person to nonperson : mapping guilt, adiaphora, and austerity","authors":"Leonidas Donskis","doi":"10.7220/2335-8769.62.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7220/2335-8769.62.6","url":null,"abstract":"As we learn from our political history, we can withdraw from our ability to empathize with other individuals’ pain and suffering. At the same time, we can get back to this ability – yet this doesn’t say a thing about our capability to be equally sensitive and compassionate about all troubled walks of life, situations, nations, and individuals. We are able to reduce human beings to things or non-persons so that they awaken only when we ourselves or our fellow countrymen are hit by the same kind of calamity or aggression. This withdrawal-and-return mechanism only shows how vulnerable, fragile, unpredictable, and universally valid human dignity and life are. This article is an attempt to map this mechanism theoretically through the concepts of guilt, adiaphora, and austerity.","PeriodicalId":184184,"journal":{"name":"Deeds and Days","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131834168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present article seeks to examine some regularities of Lithuanian morphosyntactic interface within the generative syntactic tradition. This study examines Lithuanian reflexive verbs to provide an account for the appearance of the reflexive marker - si - in two positions relative to the verb phrase – word finally in prefixless verbs and after the prefix in prefixed verbs, as well as to examine the overall composition of the Lithuanian verb predicate in light of its relation to the negative element. The analysis relies on the premises of Distributed Morphology, Ramchand‘s approach to argument structure within the framework of First Phase Syntax and versions of X-bar theory. It is argued that the reflexive marker is a physical manifestation of the trace of the subject, following Baker‘s (1984) Internal Subject Hypothesis. The negative phrase (NegP) is shown to be incorporating into the vP structure in otherwise prefixless verbs.
本文试图在生成句法传统中考察立陶宛语形态句法界面的一些规律。本研究考察了立陶宛语的反身动词，以解释反身标记- si -在相对于动词短语的两个位置上的出现——无前缀动词中的最后一个词和有前缀动词中的前缀之后，以及根据立陶宛语动词谓词与否定元素的关系来检查其整体构成。分析依赖于分布式形态学的前提，Ramchand在第一阶段语法框架内的参数结构方法和x条理论的版本。根据Baker(1984)的内在主体假说，认为自反标记是主体痕迹的物理表现。否定短语(NegP)在其他无前缀动词中被并入vP结构。
{"title":"Exploring Lithuanian reflexive verbs from the generative syntactic perspective","authors":"Julija Korostenskienė","doi":"10.7220/2335-8769.62.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7220/2335-8769.62.4","url":null,"abstract":"The present article seeks to examine some regularities of Lithuanian morphosyntactic interface within the generative syntactic tradition. This study examines Lithuanian reflexive verbs to provide an account for the appearance of the reflexive marker - si - in two positions relative to the verb phrase – word finally in prefixless verbs and after the prefix in prefixed verbs, as well as to examine the overall composition of the Lithuanian verb predicate in light of its relation to the negative element. The analysis relies on the premises of Distributed Morphology, Ramchand‘s approach to argument structure within the framework of First Phase Syntax and versions of X-bar theory. It is argued that the reflexive marker is a physical manifestation of the trace of the subject, following Baker‘s (1984) Internal Subject Hypothesis. The negative phrase (NegP) is shown to be incorporating into the vP structure in otherwise prefixless verbs.","PeriodicalId":184184,"journal":{"name":"Deeds and Days","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131055611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Gyvenimo šventė : Salomėjos Nėries lyrika ir literatūrinis jugendas","authors":"Rita Tūtlytė","doi":"10.7220/2335-8769.36.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7220/2335-8769.36.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":184184,"journal":{"name":"Deeds and Days","volume":"240 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115228709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"M. J. Lermontovo gyvenimas ir kūryba","authors":"K. Korsakas-Radžvilas","doi":"10.7220/2335-8769.9.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7220/2335-8769.9.3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":184184,"journal":{"name":"Deeds and Days","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116676942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Czesławo Miłoszo gimtinė : tautiniai ir konfesiniai pokyčiai po antrojo pasaulinio karo","authors":"Irena Miklaševič","doi":"10.7220/2335-8769.46.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7220/2335-8769.46.18","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":184184,"journal":{"name":"Deeds and Days","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116716844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Senosios lietuvių kalbos tekstynas (SLIEKKAS) – nauja diachroninio tekstyno samprata","authors":"J. Gelumbeckaitė, M. Šinkūnas, V. Zinkevičius","doi":"10.7220/2335-8769.58.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7220/2335-8769.58.14","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":184184,"journal":{"name":"Deeds and Days","volume":"14 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116805462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Teisės būti lygiems : sąvokų ir sampratų kaita","authors":"Regina Jasiulevičienė","doi":"10.7220/2335-8769.34.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7220/2335-8769.34.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":184184,"journal":{"name":"Deeds and Days","volume":"117 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117275907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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