Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5455/medarh.2023.77.222-226
Jad Alsmadi
Background: Shockwave lithotripsy (SWL) is an important tool for treating ureteral stones, especially when ureteroscoy (URS) is not readily available.
Objective: The aim of the study was to identify factors associated with the success of shockwave lithotripsy (SWL) in the treatment of lower ureteral stones.
Methods: Total of 105 consecutive patients with single lower ureteral stones treated with SWL between January 2021 and February 2022 were reviewed retrospectively. Clinical and stone parameters including age, gender, and body mass index (BMI), stone length, and stone density were analyzed. SWL procedures were done using electro-conductive lithotripter Sonolith i-sys (EDAP TMS, Vaulx-en-Velin, France). We evaluated available clinical and radiologic features that might have been related to successful SWL treatment.
Results: Treatment was successful in 67/105 patients (63.8%). Multivariate logistic regression revealed that a successful outcome was significantly related to mean stone density (MSD) (95% CI: 1.004- 1.009) and the patients age (95% CI: 1.022- 1.13). Gender, BMI, and stone length were not an independent predicting factors.
Conclusion: Stone density and patient age were independent predictors of successful outcome after two SWLs in the lower ureter. However, gender, BMI, and stone length did not independently predict treatment success.
{"title":"Role of Patient Age and Stone Density in Predicting Outcomes of Shockwave Lithotripsy in Lower Ureteral Stones.","authors":"Jad Alsmadi","doi":"10.5455/medarh.2023.77.222-226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/medarh.2023.77.222-226","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Shockwave lithotripsy (SWL) is an important tool for treating ureteral stones, especially when ureteroscoy (URS) is not readily available.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of the study was to identify factors associated with the success of shockwave lithotripsy (SWL) in the treatment of lower ureteral stones.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Total of 105 consecutive patients with single lower ureteral stones treated with SWL between January 2021 and February 2022 were reviewed retrospectively. Clinical and stone parameters including age, gender, and body mass index (BMI), stone length, and stone density were analyzed. SWL procedures were done using electro-conductive lithotripter Sonolith i-sys (EDAP TMS, Vaulx-en-Velin, France). We evaluated available clinical and radiologic features that might have been related to successful SWL treatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Treatment was successful in 67/105 patients (63.8%). Multivariate logistic regression revealed that a successful outcome was significantly related to mean stone density (MSD) (95% CI: 1.004- 1.009) and the patients age (95% CI: 1.022- 1.13). Gender, BMI, and stone length were not an independent predicting factors.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Stone density and patient age were independent predictors of successful outcome after two SWLs in the lower ureter. However, gender, BMI, and stone length did not independently predict treatment success.</p>","PeriodicalId":18421,"journal":{"name":"Medicinski arhiv","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/27/43/medarch-77-222.PMC10495154.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10596784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Bone morphogenetic protein -4 (BMP-4) plays important role in many aspects of carcinogenesis but is also involved in progression and metastasis of breast cancer where its precise role is yet to be elucidated.
Objective: Since the majority of studies related to BMP-4 expression in breast cancer were conducted on cell lines of mouse models, we aimed to investigate BMP-4 tissue expression in primary human breast cancer and to correlate it with standard pathological factors for breast cancer, progression and survival.
Methods: We analyzed immunohistochemical expression of BMP-4 in primary breast cancer tissue of 97 patients, correlated it with standard pathological factors for breast cancer and investigated its impact on progression and survival.
Results: BMP-4 expression was positive in 74.23% breast cancer tissue specimens. We found that hormone positive breast tumors are more likely to show BMP-4 strong granular staining pattern (p<0.01; p=0.029, respectively). There was significant association between stage group and BMP-4 expression in order that stage III breast cancer group were predominantly BMP-4 positive tumors (p=0.046). Although the most common site of distant metastases in patients with BMP-4 positive tumors were bones, we found no significant association (p>0.05). Patients with BMP-4 positive breast cancer showed longer overall and progression-free survival, but the results did not reach statistical significance (p>0.05).
Conclusion: The results of our study in some extent can confirm the current available data and suggest that the role of BMP-4 in breast cancer is ambiguous, acting both as tumor suppressor and tumor promoter in breast cancer. For final elucidation of its impact on survival and progression in breast cancer, multicentric studies on larger sample size are required.
背景:骨形态发生蛋白-4 (Bone morphogenetic protein -4, BMP-4)在肿瘤发生的许多方面发挥重要作用，但也参与乳腺癌的进展和转移，其确切作用尚不清楚。目的:由于BMP-4在乳腺癌中表达的相关研究大多在小鼠模型细胞系上进行，因此我们旨在研究BMP-4在人类原发性乳腺癌中的组织表达，并将其与乳腺癌的标准病理因素、进展和生存联系起来。方法:分析97例原发性乳腺癌组织中BMP-4的免疫组化表达，并将其与乳腺癌标准病理因素进行相关性分析，探讨其对乳腺癌进展和生存的影响。结果:乳腺癌组织标本中BMP-4阳性表达率为74.23%。我们发现激素阳性的乳腺肿瘤更容易出现BMP-4强颗粒状染色模式(pp=0.029)。乳腺癌分期与BMP-4表达有显著相关性，ⅲ期乳腺癌组以BMP-4阳性肿瘤为主(p=0.046)。虽然BMP-4阳性肿瘤患者最常见的远处转移部位是骨骼，但我们没有发现明显的相关性(p>0.05)。BMP-4阳性乳腺癌患者总生存期和无进展生存期较长，但差异无统计学意义(p>0.05)。结论:我们的研究结果在一定程度上证实了现有的数据，并提示BMP-4在乳腺癌中的作用是模糊的，在乳腺癌中既是肿瘤抑制因子又是肿瘤促进因子。为了最终阐明其对乳腺癌生存和进展的影响，需要更大样本量的多中心研究。
{"title":"The Impact of BMP-4 Tissue Expression on Progression and Survival in Breast Cancer.","authors":"Nina Camdzic, Suada Kuskunovic-Vlahovljak, Mirsad Doric, Mirsad Babic, Selma Poparic, Edina Lazovic Salcin","doi":"10.5455/medarh.2023.77.207-212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/medarh.2023.77.207-212","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Bone morphogenetic protein -4 (BMP-4) plays important role in many aspects of carcinogenesis but is also involved in progression and metastasis of breast cancer where its precise role is yet to be elucidated.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Since the majority of studies related to BMP-4 expression in breast cancer were conducted on cell lines of mouse models, we aimed to investigate BMP-4 tissue expression in primary human breast cancer and to correlate it with standard pathological factors for breast cancer, progression and survival.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed immunohistochemical expression of BMP-4 in primary breast cancer tissue of 97 patients, correlated it with standard pathological factors for breast cancer and investigated its impact on progression and survival.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>BMP-4 expression was positive in 74.23% breast cancer tissue specimens. We found that hormone positive breast tumors are more likely to show BMP-4 strong granular staining pattern (<i>p</i><0.01; <i>p</i>=0.029, respectively). There was significant association between stage group and BMP-4 expression in order that stage III breast cancer group were predominantly BMP-4 positive tumors (<i>p</i>=0.046). Although the most common site of distant metastases in patients with BMP-4 positive tumors were bones, we found no significant association (<i>p</i>>0.05). Patients with BMP-4 positive breast cancer showed longer overall and progression-free survival, but the results did not reach statistical significance (<i>p</i>>0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results of our study in some extent can confirm the current available data and suggest that the role of BMP-4 in breast cancer is ambiguous, acting both as tumor suppressor and tumor promoter in breast cancer. For final elucidation of its impact on survival and progression in breast cancer, multicentric studies on larger sample size are required.</p>","PeriodicalId":18421,"journal":{"name":"Medicinski arhiv","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/1f/04/medarch-77-207.PMC10495159.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10287698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5455/medarh.2023.77.377-383
Xiao MD, Hao MD, Le MD, Yong MD, Ye MD, Cheng MD
Background: The diagnosis of small bowel diseases is challenging and device assisted enteroscopy (DAE) is a technique for visualizing the entire small bowel. DAE is considered as a safe procedure and the reported rate of adverse events associated with DAE in the literature is low. Objective: The present study tried to investigate the actual incidence of AP after DAE with a systematic review and meta-analysis of available relevant studies. Methods: Studies were searched through the PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane library databases. The following data were extracted from all eligible studies: author, country, publication year, publication type, study design, type of DAE used, route of DAE, number of patients with AP after DAE, and number of patients with hyperamylasemia after DAE.A random-effects model with RStudio version 4.2.0 was performed in all analyses. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 test. The risk of bias was assessed by the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale criteria and the publication bias was assessed by the Egger test. Results: Twenty three studies involving a total of 11145 patients were included in the analysis. The overall, pooled AP rate after DAE was 1% (95% CI:0-1%). There was significant heterogeneity among the studies (I2 = 65%; P < 0.01).The pooled AP rate was 1% (95% CI:0-2 %)in peroral route group. The pooled proportion of patients having hyperamylasemia after DAE was 29% (95% CI: 16-46%).Among the patients who had hyperamylasemia AP were identified in 2% (95% CI: 0-6%) of patients. Conclusion: The incidence of AP after DAE is about 1%. Hyperamylasemia is a common change in the patients undergoing DAE and only 2% of the patients with hyperamylasemia present with AP.
{"title":"The Incidence of Acute Pancreatitis After Device Assisted Enteroscopy: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","authors":"Xiao MD, Hao MD, Le MD, Yong MD, Ye MD, Cheng MD","doi":"10.5455/medarh.2023.77.377-383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/medarh.2023.77.377-383","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The diagnosis of small bowel diseases is challenging and device assisted enteroscopy (DAE) is a technique for visualizing the entire small bowel. DAE is considered as a safe procedure and the reported rate of adverse events associated with DAE in the literature is low. Objective: The present study tried to investigate the actual incidence of AP after DAE with a systematic review and meta-analysis of available relevant studies. Methods: Studies were searched through the PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane library databases. The following data were extracted from all eligible studies: author, country, publication year, publication type, study design, type of DAE used, route of DAE, number of patients with AP after DAE, and number of patients with hyperamylasemia after DAE.A random-effects model with RStudio version 4.2.0 was performed in all analyses. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 test. The risk of bias was assessed by the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale criteria and the publication bias was assessed by the Egger test. Results: Twenty three studies involving a total of 11145 patients were included in the analysis. The overall, pooled AP rate after DAE was 1% (95% CI:0-1%). There was significant heterogeneity among the studies (I2 = 65%; P < 0.01).The pooled AP rate was 1% (95% CI:0-2 %)in peroral route group. The pooled proportion of patients having hyperamylasemia after DAE was 29% (95% CI: 16-46%).Among the patients who had hyperamylasemia AP were identified in 2% (95% CI: 0-6%) of patients. Conclusion: The incidence of AP after DAE is about 1%. Hyperamylasemia is a common change in the patients undergoing DAE and only 2% of the patients with hyperamylasemia present with AP.","PeriodicalId":18421,"journal":{"name":"Medicinski arhiv","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135159963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5455/medarh.2023.77.55-63
Zahra Aldawood, Rana Alameri, Yasser Elghoneimy, Afnan Swyan, Hebah Almulla, Sama Hammad, Nagla Saleh, Sarah Alameri
Background: Cat Intensive care unit (ICU) delirium is a significant complication that increases the mortality, morbidity, and length of stay for critically ill patient. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the critical care nurse’s knowledge of ICU delirium and the effectiveness of an educational program about the recognition and assessment of ICU delirium on critical care nurse’s knowledge. Methods: A quasi-experimental single group pre-test-post-test design was conducted using delirium knowledge assessment questionnaires. Results: The median post test score of overall nurses’ knowledge was 76.2 (range 19.1-95.2) compared to the median pre-test score of 38.1 (range 14.3 – 61.9) indicating a significant change in nurses’ knowledge after conducting the educational program (p<0.001). Conclusion: Critical care nurses’ knowledge of ICU delirium was low before the intervention and increased significantly after delivering an educational program..
{"title":"Impact of Educational Program on Critical Care Nurses’ Knowledge of ICU Delirium: A Quasi-Experimental Study","authors":"Zahra Aldawood, Rana Alameri, Yasser Elghoneimy, Afnan Swyan, Hebah Almulla, Sama Hammad, Nagla Saleh, Sarah Alameri","doi":"10.5455/medarh.2023.77.55-63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/medarh.2023.77.55-63","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cat Intensive care unit (ICU) delirium is a significant complication that increases the mortality, morbidity, and length of stay for critically ill patient. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the critical care nurse’s knowledge of ICU delirium and the effectiveness of an educational program about the recognition and assessment of ICU delirium on critical care nurse’s knowledge. Methods: A quasi-experimental single group pre-test-post-test design was conducted using delirium knowledge assessment questionnaires. Results: The median post test score of overall nurses’ knowledge was 76.2 (range 19.1-95.2) compared to the median pre-test score of 38.1 (range 14.3 – 61.9) indicating a significant change in nurses’ knowledge after conducting the educational program (p<0.001). Conclusion: Critical care nurses’ knowledge of ICU delirium was low before the intervention and increased significantly after delivering an educational program..","PeriodicalId":18421,"journal":{"name":"Medicinski arhiv","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135534448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5455/medarh.2023.77.370-376
Faisal AlAbbas
Background: Traumatic brachial plexus injuries are common among young adults, with a majority of patients succumbing to chronic pain syndromes. Conservative management is usually not satisfactory in these cases and surgical interventions are often required. We have conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis examining one of the neurosurgical techniques, spinal cord stimulation (SCS), in chronic pain neuromodulation in cases of chronic pain syndrome after traumatic brachial plexus injuries. Objective: This systematic review aims to explore the reported use of cervical spinal cord stimulation as a neuromodulator in patients with chronic pain syndromes following traumatic brachial plexus injury. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted using MEDLINE through the OVID interface, ProQuest, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, and Scopus. Our own files and reference lists of identified key articles were also searched. Results: A total of 13 studies (8 case reports and 5 case series), comprising 29 patients were included. Most brachial plexus injuries were sustained in motor vehicle accidents. 86% (25/29) of patients showed a good initial response to SCS, however, the response decreased over time, and 69% (20/29) of the patients reported a good response at the end of follow-up. Lead migration was the only complication reported in two studies. Conclusion: SCS is a less invasive procedure with significantly fewer neurological side effects. A trial period of SCS is suggested in patients who have failed conservative treatment modalities before other neurosurgical interventions are considered.
背景:外伤性臂丛神经损伤在年轻人中很常见，大多数患者死于慢性疼痛综合征。在这些病例中，保守治疗通常不令人满意，通常需要手术干预。我们进行了一项系统综述和荟萃分析，研究了神经外科技术之一，脊髓刺激(SCS)在创伤性臂丛损伤后慢性疼痛综合征的慢性疼痛神经调节中的作用。目的:本系统综述旨在探讨颈脊髓刺激作为神经调节剂在创伤性臂丛损伤后慢性疼痛综合征患者中的应用。方法:采用MEDLINE通过OVID界面、ProQuest、Web of Science、the Cochrane Library和Scopus进行系统文献检索。我们还检索了我们自己的文件和确定的关键文章的参考书目。结果:共纳入13项研究(8例报告和5例系列)，29例患者。大多数臂丛神经损伤发生在机动车事故中。86%(25/29)的患者对SCS表现出良好的初始反应，然而，随着时间的推移，反应下降，69%(20/29)的患者在随访结束时报告了良好的反应。在两项研究中，铅迁移是唯一的并发症。结论:SCS是一种侵入性小、神经系统副作用少的手术。在考虑其他神经外科干预之前，建议对保守治疗失败的患者进行一段时间的SCS试验。
{"title":"Surgical Neuromodulation of Traumatic Brachial Plexus Injuries a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","authors":"Faisal AlAbbas","doi":"10.5455/medarh.2023.77.370-376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/medarh.2023.77.370-376","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Traumatic brachial plexus injuries are common among young adults, with a majority of patients succumbing to chronic pain syndromes. Conservative management is usually not satisfactory in these cases and surgical interventions are often required. We have conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis examining one of the neurosurgical techniques, spinal cord stimulation (SCS), in chronic pain neuromodulation in cases of chronic pain syndrome after traumatic brachial plexus injuries. Objective: This systematic review aims to explore the reported use of cervical spinal cord stimulation as a neuromodulator in patients with chronic pain syndromes following traumatic brachial plexus injury. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted using MEDLINE through the OVID interface, ProQuest, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, and Scopus. Our own files and reference lists of identified key articles were also searched. Results: A total of 13 studies (8 case reports and 5 case series), comprising 29 patients were included. Most brachial plexus injuries were sustained in motor vehicle accidents. 86% (25/29) of patients showed a good initial response to SCS, however, the response decreased over time, and 69% (20/29) of the patients reported a good response at the end of follow-up. Lead migration was the only complication reported in two studies. Conclusion: SCS is a less invasive procedure with significantly fewer neurological side effects. A trial period of SCS is suggested in patients who have failed conservative treatment modalities before other neurosurgical interventions are considered.","PeriodicalId":18421,"journal":{"name":"Medicinski arhiv","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135159959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5455/medarh.2023.77.170-172
Izet Masic
{"title":"How to Make Life and Death Medical Decisions? On the Occasion of Play/Drama as Health Care Protection Method of Decision Making Using by Patients with Pancreatic Cancer.","authors":"Izet Masic","doi":"10.5455/medarh.2023.77.170-172","DOIUrl":"10.5455/medarh.2023.77.170-172","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18421,"journal":{"name":"Medicinski arhiv","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/b3/0c/medarch-77-170.PMC10495149.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10578750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5455/medarh.2023.77.183-188
Eka Roina Megawati, Hakim Bangun, Imam Budi Putra, Muhammad Rusda, Dedy Syahrizal, Nelva K Jusuf, Putri Chairani Eyanoer, Rodiah Rahmawaty Lubis, Mustafa M Amin
Background: Andaliman fruit is used as spice in Batak cuisine, North Sumatera, Indonesia. The potency of andaliman fruit extract as herbal medicine is widely studied. Many studies elaborate the benefits of andaliman fruit extract as an antioxidant, antibacterial or anticancer.
Objective: The aim of this study was to identify the phytochemical compounds of andaliman fruit extract and its fractions.
Methods: The andaliman fruit was originated from Balige city, Tobasa Regency, North Sumatera. The extract was made by maceration within ethanol and followed by fractionation with n-hexan, ethyl acetate and water. The phytochemical screening by chemical reactions, thin layer chromatography, and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer were performed.
Results: This study found andaliman fruit ethanol extract consists of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, tannins, triterpens, and steroids. The n-hexan fraction consists of triterpens and steroids, ethyl acetate fraction consists of flavonoids and glycosides, and water fraction consists of alkaloid, flavonoid, and glycosides. Andaliman fruit ethanol extract had eight color spots, n-hexan and ethyl acetate fraction had five color spots and water fraction had two color spots. Andaliman fruit ethanol extract had functional group of C-H alkanes, =C-H alkenes (aliphatic), O-H, C=C alkenes, C=C aromatics, C≡C alkynes, C-O, C=O, and NO2. The n-hexan fraction had C-H alkanes, =C-H alkenes (aliphatic), O-H, C=C alkenes, C-O, C=O, and NO2. The ethyl acetate fraction had C-H alkanes, =C-H alkenes (aliphatic), O-H, C=C alkenes, C=C aromatics, C-O, C=O, and NO2. The water fraction had C-H alkanes, =C-H alkenes (aliphatic), O-H, C=C aromatics, C≡C alkynes, and C-O.
Conclusion: Phytochemical screening found that andaliman fruit ethanol extract, n-hexan, ethyl acetate and water fraction positive of phytochemical compounds. The FTIR of andaliman fruit ethanol extract, n-hexan fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, and water fraction showed the absorbance of C-H alkanes, O-H, C-O, and C=C alkenes indicating the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, and triterpenoid saponin.
{"title":"Phytochemical Analysis by FTIR of <i>Zanthoxylum Acanthopodium</i>, DC Fruit Ethanol Extract, N-hexan, Ethyl Acetate and Water Fraction.","authors":"Eka Roina Megawati, Hakim Bangun, Imam Budi Putra, Muhammad Rusda, Dedy Syahrizal, Nelva K Jusuf, Putri Chairani Eyanoer, Rodiah Rahmawaty Lubis, Mustafa M Amin","doi":"10.5455/medarh.2023.77.183-188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/medarh.2023.77.183-188","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Andaliman fruit is used as spice in Batak cuisine, North Sumatera, Indonesia. The potency of andaliman fruit extract as herbal medicine is widely studied. Many studies elaborate the benefits of andaliman fruit extract as an antioxidant, antibacterial or anticancer.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study was to identify the phytochemical compounds of andaliman fruit extract and its fractions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The andaliman fruit was originated from Balige city, Tobasa Regency, North Sumatera. The extract was made by maceration within ethanol and followed by fractionation with n-hexan, ethyl acetate and water. The phytochemical screening by chemical reactions, thin layer chromatography, and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study found andaliman fruit ethanol extract consists of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, tannins, triterpens, and steroids. The n-hexan fraction consists of triterpens and steroids, ethyl acetate fraction consists of flavonoids and glycosides, and water fraction consists of alkaloid, flavonoid, and glycosides. Andaliman fruit ethanol extract had eight color spots, n-hexan and ethyl acetate fraction had five color spots and water fraction had two color spots. Andaliman fruit ethanol extract had functional group of C-H alkanes, =C-H alkenes (aliphatic), O-H, C=C alkenes, C=C aromatics, C≡C alkynes, C-O, C=O, and NO<sub>2</sub>. The n-hexan fraction had C-H alkanes, =C-H alkenes (aliphatic), O-H, C=C alkenes, C-O, C=O, and NO<sub>2</sub>. The ethyl acetate fraction had C-H alkanes, =C-H alkenes (aliphatic), O-H, C=C alkenes, C=C aromatics, C-O, C=O, and NO<sub>2</sub>. The water fraction had C-H alkanes, =C-H alkenes (aliphatic), O-H, C=C aromatics, C≡C alkynes, and C-O.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Phytochemical screening found that andaliman fruit ethanol extract, n-hexan, ethyl acetate and water fraction positive of phytochemical compounds. The FTIR of andaliman fruit ethanol extract, n-hexan fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, and water fraction showed the absorbance of C-H alkanes, O-H, C-O, and C=C alkenes indicating the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, and triterpenoid saponin.</p>","PeriodicalId":18421,"journal":{"name":"Medicinski arhiv","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/18/c0/medarch-77-183.PMC10495150.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10578752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5455/medarh.2023.77.363-369
Mustafa Amin, Muhammad Husada, Sri Idaiani, Elmeida Effendy, Syaifuddin Nasution, Sutan Purnama
Background: Schizophrenia is a complex disorder involving multiple genes with mild to moderate effects and non-genetic risk factors such as environmental and psychological influences that alter brain chemistry. Significant reduction in interleukin-2 production by peripheral lymphocytes is an immunological finding replicated in schizophrenia across various countries. Investigations on the interleukin-2 –330 T/G polymorphism in people with schizophrenia (PWS) are still minimal, and the study location involves only a few countries with different results. Therefore, this study aims to examine the effect of interleukin-2 –330 T/G polymorphisms in people with schizophrenia among the Batak and Javanese ethnic groups in Indonesia, particularly in North Sumatra, Method: This study used purposive non-probability sampling to recruit people with schizophrenia with 120 Batak and 120 Javanese subjects who were hospitalized at Prof. M. Ildrem Mental Hospital, Medan, Indonesia. The interleukin-2 -330 T/G polymorphism was examined by the PCR method. Result: The results showed that the genotype frequency of the Batak people with schizophrenia is as follows: GG 11.7%, TG 53.3% and TT 35%. Furthermore, the group of Javanese people with schizophrenia is as follows: GG 23.3%, TG 44.2% and TT 32.5%. The OR for the genotypic comparison of GG was found to be 2.154 with 95% CI 0.992-4.678, p=0.053, while that of the TG genotype was 0.892 with 95% CI 0.505-1.574 and p=0.693. The T allele was higher than the G allele in Batak and Javanese ethnic groups, as demonstrated by p=0.713, OR=0.919 with 95% CI 0.641-1.318. Conclusion: There is no statistically significant difference between the occurrence frequency of alleles. In addition, there is no significant relationship between the GG and the TG genotype of the interleukin-2 – 330T/G polymorphism in people with schizophrenia among the Batak and the Javanese ethnic groups.
{"title":"The Effect of Interleukin-2 –330 T/G Polymorphism in People with Schizophrenia Among The Batak and Javanese Ethnic Groups","authors":"Mustafa Amin, Muhammad Husada, Sri Idaiani, Elmeida Effendy, Syaifuddin Nasution, Sutan Purnama","doi":"10.5455/medarh.2023.77.363-369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/medarh.2023.77.363-369","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Schizophrenia is a complex disorder involving multiple genes with mild to moderate effects and non-genetic risk factors such as environmental and psychological influences that alter brain chemistry. Significant reduction in interleukin-2 production by peripheral lymphocytes is an immunological finding replicated in schizophrenia across various countries. Investigations on the interleukin-2 –330 T/G polymorphism in people with schizophrenia (PWS) are still minimal, and the study location involves only a few countries with different results. Therefore, this study aims to examine the effect of interleukin-2 –330 T/G polymorphisms in people with schizophrenia among the Batak and Javanese ethnic groups in Indonesia, particularly in North Sumatra, Method: This study used purposive non-probability sampling to recruit people with schizophrenia with 120 Batak and 120 Javanese subjects who were hospitalized at Prof. M. Ildrem Mental Hospital, Medan, Indonesia. The interleukin-2 -330 T/G polymorphism was examined by the PCR method. Result: The results showed that the genotype frequency of the Batak people with schizophrenia is as follows: GG 11.7%, TG 53.3% and TT 35%. Furthermore, the group of Javanese people with schizophrenia is as follows: GG 23.3%, TG 44.2% and TT 32.5%. The OR for the genotypic comparison of GG was found to be 2.154 with 95% CI 0.992-4.678, p=0.053, while that of the TG genotype was 0.892 with 95% CI 0.505-1.574 and p=0.693. The T allele was higher than the G allele in Batak and Javanese ethnic groups, as demonstrated by p=0.713, OR=0.919 with 95% CI 0.641-1.318. Conclusion: There is no statistically significant difference between the occurrence frequency of alleles. In addition, there is no significant relationship between the GG and the TG genotype of the interleukin-2 – 330T/G polymorphism in people with schizophrenia among the Batak and the Javanese ethnic groups.","PeriodicalId":18421,"journal":{"name":"Medicinski arhiv","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135158384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5455/medarh.2023.77.173-177
Endang Sri Wahyuni, Maryatun Maryatun, Nora Veri, Elly Susilawati, Lely Firrahmawati, Endah Sri Wahyuni, Riyani Wulandari
Background: Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) is a progesterone derivative synthesized in the laboratory. This substance has the ability to suppress ovulation, induce endometrial shrinkage, and even affect the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in the reproductive system.
Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of administration of green tea extract on reducing visceral fat, increasing leptin levels, and improving the lipid profile in female rats injected with depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA).
Results: This study was to look into the effects of green tea extract administration on visceral fat reduction, leptin levels, and lipid profile improvement as a result of DMPA administration. Analysis of HDL and LDL levels was performed by spectrophotometry. DMPA induced a significant increase in leptin levels compared with the control group (p 0.05). All doses of green tea extract can reduce this increase, with the highest doses reaching levels comparable to the control group (p > 0.05). DMPA significantly increased LDL levels compared to the control group (p < 0.05), and the highest green tea extract dose restored levels similar to the control group. DMPA triggered a decrease in HDL level that was significantly different from the control group (p < 0.05). The first dose of green tea extract can achieve HDL levels comparable to the control group (p > 0.05).
Conclusion: It was concluded that green tea extract can protect the metabolic status through decreased leptin and an improvement of the lipid profile induced by DMPA.
{"title":"Green Tea Extract has a Protective Effect on Leptin and Lipid Profile Levels Due to the Induction of Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate.","authors":"Endang Sri Wahyuni, Maryatun Maryatun, Nora Veri, Elly Susilawati, Lely Firrahmawati, Endah Sri Wahyuni, Riyani Wulandari","doi":"10.5455/medarh.2023.77.173-177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/medarh.2023.77.173-177","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) is a progesterone derivative synthesized in the laboratory. This substance has the ability to suppress ovulation, induce endometrial shrinkage, and even affect the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in the reproductive system.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of administration of green tea extract on reducing visceral fat, increasing leptin levels, and improving the lipid profile in female rats injected with depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study was to look into the effects of green tea extract administration on visceral fat reduction, leptin levels, and lipid profile improvement as a result of DMPA administration. Analysis of HDL and LDL levels was performed by spectrophotometry. DMPA induced a significant increase in leptin levels compared with the control group (p 0.05). All doses of green tea extract can reduce this increase, with the highest doses reaching levels comparable to the control group (<i>p</i> > 0.05). DMPA significantly increased LDL levels compared to the control group (<i>p</i> < 0.05), and the highest green tea extract dose restored levels similar to the control group. DMPA triggered a decrease in HDL level that was significantly different from the control group (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The first dose of green tea extract can achieve HDL levels comparable to the control group (<i>p</i> > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>It was concluded that green tea extract can protect the metabolic status through decreased leptin and an improvement of the lipid profile induced by DMPA.</p>","PeriodicalId":18421,"journal":{"name":"Medicinski arhiv","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/d7/ac/medarch-77-173.PMC10495140.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10596785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5455/medarh.2023.77.218-221
Elvita Rahmi Daulay, Delfitri Munir, Aznan Lelo, Terawan Agus Putranto, Aziza Ghanie Icksan, Tengku Siti Hajar Haryuna, Putri C Eyanoer, Tina Christina L Tobing
Background: Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is a frequent problem in Indonesia but its treatment is still limited. This type of hearing loss is related to oxidative stress and decreased vascularization, which can damage the hair cell. The intra-arterial heparin flushing (IAHF) is a procedure that can recover circulation and its agent, namely heparin, also has antioxidant activity. Therefore, the IAHF procedure has the potential to improve hearing function and can be considered an alternative therapy for SNHL.
Objective: The study evaluates the effect of the IAHF on hearing improvement based on the difference in hearing threshold values before and after the procedure.
Methods: This experimental study used a Pretest-Posttest One-Group Only design. A total of 17 patients with sensorineural hearing loss who met inclusion and exclusion criteria were subjected to pure tone audiometry tests before and 4 hours after the IAHF procedure. The mean difference in hearing threshold was analyzed using paired Students t-test for normally distributed data and Wilcoxon for non-normally distributed data.
Results: There was a decrease in the means of hearing threshold in the right and left ear 4 hours after the IAHF procedure. However, based on the paired Students t-test, there was not a significant difference in hearing threshold before and after the procedure (p-value > 0.05).
Conclusion: There was hearing threshold improvement 4 hours after the IAHF procedure. This study showed that the IAHF procedure can have a therapeutic effect on sensorineural hearing loss patients.
{"title":"The Effect of the Intra-Arterial Heparin Flushing (IAHF) Procedure on Hearing Threshold in Sensorineural Hearing Loss Patients.","authors":"Elvita Rahmi Daulay, Delfitri Munir, Aznan Lelo, Terawan Agus Putranto, Aziza Ghanie Icksan, Tengku Siti Hajar Haryuna, Putri C Eyanoer, Tina Christina L Tobing","doi":"10.5455/medarh.2023.77.218-221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/medarh.2023.77.218-221","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is a frequent problem in Indonesia but its treatment is still limited. This type of hearing loss is related to oxidative stress and decreased vascularization, which can damage the hair cell. The intra-arterial heparin flushing (IAHF) is a procedure that can recover circulation and its agent, namely heparin, also has antioxidant activity. Therefore, the IAHF procedure has the potential to improve hearing function and can be considered an alternative therapy for SNHL.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The study evaluates the effect of the IAHF on hearing improvement based on the difference in hearing threshold values before and after the procedure.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This experimental study used a Pretest-Posttest One-Group Only design. A total of 17 patients with sensorineural hearing loss who met inclusion and exclusion criteria were subjected to pure tone audiometry tests before and 4 hours after the IAHF procedure. The mean difference in hearing threshold was analyzed using paired Students t-test for normally distributed data and Wilcoxon for non-normally distributed data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was a decrease in the means of hearing threshold in the right and left ear 4 hours after the IAHF procedure. However, based on the paired Students t-test, there was not a significant difference in hearing threshold before and after the procedure (p-value > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There was hearing threshold improvement 4 hours after the IAHF procedure. This study showed that the IAHF procedure can have a therapeutic effect on sensorineural hearing loss patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":18421,"journal":{"name":"Medicinski arhiv","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/d9/7a/medarch-77-218.PMC10495158.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10596787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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