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Debt Financing and Performance of Firms in Pakistan 巴基斯坦企业债务融资与绩效
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.58921/jobams.5.1.94
Sidra Aziz
The examination of variables that can affect the profitability of the firms is the main purpose of this study. The aim of this study is to find out the effects of dependent on independent variables thoroughly. Profitability is the dependent variable used in this study and accounts payables, short term debt and long-term debt and the control variables are size, and age of the firms are the independent variables that has been used. For this purpose, the quantitative approach has been used. All the data has been used in this study is collected from the official website of Pakistan Stock Exchange PSX. The result of this study shows that the no other variable has any significant impact on the profitability of firms accept long term debt. This means that the companies should go for equity financing and not for the debt financing. All variables of debt financing that are considered for this study are, short term debt, long term debt and accounts payable suggests that companies should go for equity financing. The control variables of the study do not have any effect on the profitability of the firm but for the SMEs the size of the firms impacts the profitability. The managers of the firms should go for the internal financing for the higher profitability.
考察影响企业盈利能力的变量是本研究的主要目的。本研究的目的是彻底找出因变量对自变量的影响。盈利能力是本研究中使用的因变量,应付账款,短期债务和长期债务和控制变量是规模,公司的年龄是使用的自变量。为此目的,采用了定量方法。本研究使用的所有数据均来自巴基斯坦证券交易所PSX官方网站。研究结果表明,没有其他变量对企业接受长期债务的盈利能力有显著影响。这意味着公司应该进行股权融资,而不是债务融资。本研究考虑的债务融资的所有变量是,短期债务,长期债务和应付账款,这表明公司应该选择股权融资。本研究的控制变量对企业的盈利能力没有任何影响,但对于中小企业来说,企业规模对盈利能力有影响。为了获得更高的盈利能力,企业的管理者应该选择内部融资。
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引用次数: 0
The Systematic Literature Review: An overview on Working Capital Management and Profitability 系统文献综述:营运资金管理与盈利能力综述
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.58921/jobams.5.1.87
Suman Talreja
This systematic review examines the relationship between working capital management (WCM) and profitability, with a focus on the impact of cash conversion cycle (CCC) on profitability. Out of the 53 independent studies analyzed, only those that used CCC as a measure for WCM were selected for analysis. The review found that efficient WCM, specifically the optimal level of CCC, has a significant impact on profitability. Firms should review their receivables and payable policy to maintain market value, shareholders' wealth, and minimize the risk of bankruptcy. Accelerating cash collections through proper management, effective policies, and corporate strategies also improves profitability. The study highlights CCC as a powerful tool for firms to manage their working capital efficiently. The review suggests that firms should maintain an optimal CCC level and effective management practices to improve WCM and profitability. Further research using qualitative research methods is needed to gain a deeper understanding of WCM practices.
本系统综述考察了营运资本管理(WCM)与盈利能力之间的关系,重点关注现金转换周期(CCC)对盈利能力的影响。在分析的53项独立研究中,仅选择那些使用CCC作为WCM测量的研究进行分析。研究发现,有效的WCM,特别是最优的CCC水平,对盈利能力有显著影响。企业应检讨其应收款和应付政策,以维持市场价值、股东财富,并尽量减少破产风险。通过适当的管理、有效的政策和公司战略来加速现金回收,也可以提高盈利能力。该研究强调,CCC是企业有效管理营运资金的有力工具。本文建议企业应保持最佳的CCC水平和有效的管理实践,以提高WCM和盈利能力。需要使用定性研究方法进行进一步的研究,以更深入地了解WCM的实践。
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引用次数: 0
Monetary Policy Transmission in Pakistan: Role of Islamic Banking in Enhancing Policy Objectives and Supporting Growth 巴基斯坦的货币政策传导:伊斯兰银行在加强政策目标和支持增长中的作用
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.58921/jobams.5.1.95
I. Soomro, R. Shaikh
This study investigates the role of Islamic banking in enhancing policy objectives and supporting growth in Pakistan. This research aims to explain how the real economy of Pakistan has been influenced by the Islamic financial system, particularly in channelizing monetary policy tools. The secondary data within the period of 2007 – 2020 is used to answer the research question. Industrial Production Index has taken as a dependent variable, while Islamic Financing, Islamic Deposits, and Overnight Repo as taken as independent variables. Following the prior research co-integration test, impulse response functions and variance decomposition analysis have been used, by using Eviews 10. The study has found a positive impact of Islamic banking on economic output and there is a significant positive impact of monetary policy decisions on economic output and there is an insignificant impact of financial crisis and COVID 19 in long run. It has mainly 03 implications are: Impact on real economy, Role in promoting financial stability, and different monetary policy instruments. The proposed model may offer some insights to policy makers if it is examined empirically.
本研究调查了伊斯兰银行在巴基斯坦加强政策目标和支持增长方面的作用。本研究旨在解释巴基斯坦的实体经济如何受到伊斯兰金融体系的影响,特别是在引导货币政策工具方面。使用2007 - 2020年期间的二手数据来回答研究问题。以工业生产指数为因变量,伊斯兰融资、伊斯兰存款、隔夜回购为自变量。在前人研究的协整检验基础上,利用Eviews 10进行了脉冲响应函数和方差分解分析。研究发现,伊斯兰银行对经济产出有积极影响,货币政策决策对经济产出有显著的积极影响,金融危机和新冠肺炎对经济产出的长期影响不显著。主要包括:对实体经济的影响、促进金融稳定的作用、不同的货币政策工具。如果对所提出的模型进行实证检验,可能会为政策制定者提供一些见解。
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引用次数: 0
A netnographic qualitative inquiry of antecedents and outcomes of online brand engagement 在线品牌参与的前因和结果的网络定性调查
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.58921/jobams.5.1.90
Mahnoor Pervaiz
This study aims at exploring the role of Online Brand Engagement (OBE) in retaining customers, augmenting brand loyalty elevating brand image & strengthening brand association. This is an exploratory study with qualitative approach & netnographic technique of data collection. Using purposive sampling, 20 social media users were voluntarily selected to participate in this study, they strived to engage themselves with the restaurant brands on their online pages for more than a month, the researchers then conducted semi-structured in-depth interviews from those participants to explore the framework of online brand engagement in Pakistan. Thematic finding indicates that satisfactory online brand engagement triggers special feeling for the brand and that results in generation of word of mouth. It also creates ease and convenience that foster the customer-brand relationship. Moreover, positive OBE develops sense of trust which strength image of that brand, customer feel associated with the brands. This whole process culminates into customer retention and brand loyalty.
本研究旨在探讨线上品牌参与(OBE)在挽留顾客、提升品牌忠诚度、提升品牌形象及强化品牌联想等方面的作用。这是一项采用定性方法和数据收集网络技术的探索性研究。采用有目的的抽样方法,自愿选择20名社交媒体用户参与本研究,他们努力在自己的在线页面上与餐厅品牌互动一个多月,然后研究人员对这些参与者进行了半结构化的深度访谈,以探索巴基斯坦在线品牌参与的框架。主题发现表明,令人满意的在线品牌参与触发了对品牌的特殊感觉,从而产生了口碑。它还创造了轻松和便利,促进了客户与品牌的关系。此外,积极的OBE发展了信任感,增强了品牌形象,客户感觉与品牌联系在一起。整个过程的最终结果是客户留存率和品牌忠诚度。
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引用次数: 7
Antecedents and Consequences of Employee Engagement: Evidence from Banking & Telecommunication Sector of Pakistan 员工敬业度的前因后果:来自巴基斯坦银行和电信部门的证据
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.58921/jobams.5.1.91
N. Shaikh, Ramsha Kareem, Shaour Ahmed
The study explores the antecedents and consequences of Employee Engagement in the telecommunication and banking sector of Pakistan. With a qualitative approach, 14 interviews were taken with purposive sampling, and with data saturation, the data was analyzed with thematic analysis. The findings suggest that employees be motivated towards the salary and allowances, however, the employer branding and brand name of the companies, and the office environment creates more engagement with work. It was also suggested that engagement creates a pathway for happiness and commitment for employees.
本研究探讨了巴基斯坦电信和银行业员工敬业度的前因后果。采用定性方法,采用有目的抽样进行了14次访谈,在数据饱和的情况下,采用主题分析方法对数据进行分析。研究结果表明,工资和津贴会激励员工,然而,雇主品牌和公司品牌以及办公环境会让员工更投入工作。还有人认为,敬业为员工创造了一条通往幸福和承诺的道路。
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引用次数: 0
DISCOVERING THE DEFIANCE: EXPLORING THE ISSUES AND CHALLENGES IN CREATING GENDER DIVERSITY AT THE TEAM LEVEL 发现反抗:探索在团队层面创造性别多样性的问题和挑战
Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.58921/jobams.4.2.83
Asif Hussain Samo, Ghufrana Akber, Sanadia Fareed, M. Jamil
The study was conducted to explore the perceptual issues and challenges of a gender diversified team to work effectively. With the qualitative phenomenology approach, the lived experiences of the participants were recorded with interviews, and the responses were analyzed with the technique of initial and axial coding. Thematic analysis was performed to explore the issues and challenges. It was investigated that males and females have different issues in the diversified team. Males think that since women are emotional, lack professionalism so it’s difficult to create effectiveness, however, females believe, that males have too much negative ego, and they are hot-tempered, therefore they create troubles. The challenges are lack of trust, frequent conflict, and adherence to fellowship. The study helps managers to train the diversified teams on these findings to make them more effective.
该研究旨在探讨性别多元化团队有效工作的感知问题和挑战。采用定性现象学方法,通过访谈记录被试的生活经验,并采用初始编码和轴向编码技术对被试的反应进行分析。进行专题分析,探讨问题和挑战。研究发现,在多元化的团队中,男性和女性存在不同的问题。男性认为女性情绪化,缺乏专业精神,所以很难创造效果,而女性则认为男性有太多的消极自我,脾气暴躁,所以会制造麻烦。挑战是缺乏信任、频繁的冲突和对团契的坚守。这项研究帮助管理者根据这些发现对多元化的团队进行培训,使他们更有效率。
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引用次数: 0
NEXUS BETWEEN WORKING CAPITAL MANAGEMENT (WCM) AND FIRM PERFORMANCE: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM MANUFACTURING SECTOR OF PAKISTAN USING GMM APPROACH 营运资本管理(wcm)与企业绩效之间的关系:使用GMM方法的巴基斯坦制造业的经验证据
Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.58921/jobams.4.2.84
S. Akhtar, Tania Nadeem
Centered on the empirical evidence of Pakistani firms, this study aims to examine the relationship between working capital management and the performance of a company. A sample of 40 manufacturing firms listed on the PSX for the five-year period (2015-2019) were selected for analysis. Since working capital plays a major role in improving business performance, managers must find the effect of WCM on the performance of the company and manage WCM efficiently to improve profitability performance (ROA). Panel data regression is used to investigate the relation of WCM to the performance of a firm. As a result, the empirical findings of the regression analysis show that there is a significant negative relationship between ROA and CCC, and APP of manufacturing firms. Which is consistent with the earlier studies that longer the CCC and APP decline the profitability of the firm. On the other hand, ACP and InvTD have an insignificant effect on ROA for manufacturing firms. Conclusively, WCM has a substantial effect on the performance of manufacturing firms. Also, Due to endogeneity bias, the result of our analyses indicates significant differences in findings reported under the ordinary least square (OLS) approach, fixed effects, and the generalized method of moments (GMM) estimations.
本研究以巴基斯坦公司的经验证据为中心,旨在研究营运资金管理与公司绩效之间的关系。选取了五年期(2015-2019)在PSX上市的40家制造业公司作为样本进行分析。由于营运资金在提高企业绩效方面发挥着重要作用,管理者必须找到WCM对公司绩效的影响,并有效地管理WCM,以提高盈利能力绩效(ROA)。使用面板数据回归来研究WCM与企业绩效的关系。因此,回归分析的实证结果表明,制造业企业的ROA与CCC、APP存在显著的负相关关系。这与早期的研究一致,即CCC和APP越长,公司的盈利能力就会下降。另一方面,ACP和InvTD对制造业企业的ROA影响不显著。最后,WCM对制造企业的绩效有实质性的影响。此外,由于内质性偏差,我们的分析结果表明,在普通最小二乘(OLS)方法、固定效应和广义矩量法(GMM)估计下报告的结果存在显著差异。
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引用次数: 0
HOW DO OPERATIONAL DISRUPTION AND RESILIENCY IMPACT A FIRM'S OPERATIONAL EFFICIENCY AND COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE? PAKISTAN CASE 运营中断和弹性如何影响公司的运营效率和竞争优势?巴基斯坦的情况
Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.58921/jobams.4.2.86
Mohsin Ali, Afaq Ahmed Kazi, Syed Aamir Alam Rizvi, Hussnain Ghafoor
Due to an uncertain business environment caused by natural and man-made operational disruptions, operational resilience is gaining importance. This is especially true for companies whose competitive advantage relies on operational efficiency. This research aims to determine if operational resilience, operational disruption, operational efficiency, and firm competitive advantage are linked. Responses were collected from 266 industry professionals. According to the study, operational resilience does not affect operational efficiency, but it does affect a firm's competitive advantage. Operational disruptions affect operational efficiency but not a company's competitive edge. This research also reveals that operational efficiency has no impact on the link between operational resilience and competitive advantage. This research will help organizations to raise their competitive edge, which is a key measure of performance. This will be done while considering operational interruption events and operational resiliency resources. This research will aid organizations to understand the importance of these variables to get a competitive advantage for their growth and survival.
由于自然和人为的运营中断造成了不确定的业务环境,运营弹性变得越来越重要。对于那些竞争优势依赖于运营效率的公司来说尤其如此。本研究旨在确定营运弹性、营运中断、营运效率与企业竞争优势是否相关。我们收集了266位业内专业人士的回复。研究表明,经营弹性不影响经营效率,但会影响企业的竞争优势。运营中断会影响运营效率,但不会影响公司的竞争优势。研究还发现,运营效率对运营弹性与竞争优势之间的关系没有影响。这项研究将帮助组织提高他们的竞争优势,这是绩效的关键衡量标准。这将在考虑操作中断事件和操作弹性资源的同时完成。这项研究将帮助组织了解这些变量的重要性,以获得竞争优势,为他们的成长和生存。
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引用次数: 0
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE DIVIDEND PAYOUT AND FIRM’S PROFITABILITY: A STUDY IN THE OIL SECTOR OF PAKISTAN 股利支付与公司盈利能力的关系:巴基斯坦石油部门的研究
Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.58921/jobams.4.2.85
Shamsa Aman, Erum Bibi, Muhammad Kashif Khan
Many researchers have considered the issue of dividend policy over many other factors of profitability namely; profit margin, return on sales, return on assets, return on equity and return on investment however the motive of our study was to focus on the dividend payout ratio which is the one aspect of dividend policy over two main profitability ratios i.e. Return on Asset and Return on Equity therefore with the consideration of these factors this study derived the relationship between the dividend payout ratio and profitability nevertheless the impact of dividend payout ratio over return on asset (a component of profitability) is also derived. Moreover, the data of the listed oil sector companies of Pakistan is undertaken and the regression and correlation tests are applied on the variables to check the relationship and impact on each other besides the result showed that dividend payout ratio is the critical component which affects the performance of the firm since it is identified in our study with the R square of 0.18. Therefore, considering the result of this study it is said that the oil sector companies must pay attention to their dividend policies seeing as it affects the firm’s performance.
许多研究人员将股利政策问题置于许多其他盈利能力因素之上,即;利润率,销售回报率,资产回报率,股本回报率和投资回报率,然而,我们研究的动机是关注股息支付率,这是股息政策的一个方面,超过两个主要的盈利能力比率,即资产回报率和股本回报率,因此,考虑到这些因素,本研究得出了股息支付率和盈利能力之间的关系,尽管如此,股息支付率对资产回报率(盈利能力的一个组成部分)的影响也得到了推导。此外,采用巴基斯坦石油行业上市公司的数据,对变量进行回归和相关检验,以检验相互之间的关系和影响,结果表明,股息支付率是影响公司绩效的关键组成部分,在我们的研究中,它的R平方为0.18。因此,考虑到本研究的结果,据说石油行业公司必须注意他们的股息政策,因为它会影响公司的业绩。
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引用次数: 0
FRAMEWORK OF ISLAMIC CONSUMER BEHAVIOR: EXPLORING THE FOUNDATION OF ISLAMIC CONSUMER BEHAVIOR AND MOTIVATION 伊斯兰消费行为框架:探讨伊斯兰消费行为的基础和动机
Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.58921/jobams.4.2.82
Muhammad Zafran
This research paper critically evaluates the key concepts in consumer behavior such as needs, wants, consumerism, self-concept and motivation from Islamic perspective and propose Islamic framework to understand consumer buying behavior. The study uses an integrative review method to synthesize and summarizing the previous literature related to the phenomenon. The content/critical analysis of literature across multiple studies is conducted to summarize and draw the conclusion. The sources reviewed in the paper include holy verses from Quran & Hadith (prophetic narration), peer-reviewed journal articles and other online resources. Findings from content analysis reveals that process of needs and wants satisfaction in Islam is mainly governed by Islamic values, traditions, and principles contrary to rational economic theory. Consumption and satisfaction are broadly lay down on the principles and values derived from Islamic traditions (Quran and Hadith) which are up to some extent contrary to the modern conception of commoditization culture. However, Islamic consumption is meaningful and linked with greater purpose such as well-being, responsibility, moderation, and conservation of resources which equates with the concept of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and sustainability.
本研究论文从伊斯兰的角度批判性地评估了消费者行为中的关键概念,如需求、欲望、消费主义、自我概念和动机,并提出了理解消费者购买行为的伊斯兰框架。本研究采用综合综述的方法,对以往与该现象相关的文献进行综合和总结。对多个研究的文献进行内容/批判性分析,总结并得出结论。论文中审查的来源包括古兰经和圣训(先知的叙述)中的神圣经文,同行评审的期刊文章和其他在线资源。内容分析的结果表明,伊斯兰教的需求和欲望的满足过程主要受伊斯兰价值观、传统和与理性经济理论相反的原则的支配。消费和满足广泛地建立在源自伊斯兰传统(古兰经和圣训)的原则和价值观之上,这在某种程度上与现代商品化文化的概念背道而驰。然而,伊斯兰消费是有意义的,并与更大的目标联系在一起,如福祉、责任、节制和资源保护,这等同于企业社会责任(CSR)和可持续发展的概念。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
Journal of Business Administration and Management Sciences (JOBAMS)
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