Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyze the resistance, virulence and biofilm production of PA strains from respiratory tract infections. Methods: All strains were tested for antibiotic susceptibility according to current EUCAST guidelines. Several resistance and virulence genes were detected by PCR. Biofilm formation was detected by the crystal violet method. Results: 38 strains (47.5%) were categorized as XDR, and 12 (15%) as MDR. Seven (10%) MBL producers were identified. The VIM gene was detected in two strains. Genes connected with aminoglycoside resistance: aac(6΄)-I and ant(2΄΄)-I were detected in 10 strains each, aac(6′)-Ib in 18 strains (21%), and aph (3’)-IV in 7 strains (8%). The most prevalent virulence genes were exoT (95%), apr (93%), A, phzS (95%), and plcH (95%). All the tested strains were strong biofilm producers. Conclusions: The results demonstrate high frequency and heterogeneity of virulence gene profiles among PA isolates from respiratory tract infections. A high number of MDR and XDR strains poses a serious threat for patients and shows clearly that new antimicrobial agents are needed.
{"title":"Antibiotic resistance and virulence characterization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from respiratory tract infections","authors":"","doi":"10.32394/mdm.72.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32394/mdm.72.03","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyze the resistance, virulence and biofilm production of PA strains from respiratory tract infections.\u0000Methods: All strains were tested for antibiotic susceptibility according to current EUCAST guidelines. Several resistance and virulence genes were detected by PCR.\u0000Biofilm formation was detected by the crystal violet method.\u0000Results: 38 strains (47.5%) were categorized as XDR, and 12 (15%) as MDR. Seven (10%) MBL producers were identified. The VIM gene was detected in two strains. Genes connected with aminoglycoside resistance: aac(6΄)-I and ant(2΄΄)-I were detected in 10 strains each, aac(6′)-Ib in 18 strains (21%), and aph (3’)-IV in 7 strains (8%). The most prevalent virulence genes were exoT (95%), apr (93%), A, phzS (95%), and plcH (95%). All the tested strains were strong biofilm producers.\u0000Conclusions: The results demonstrate high frequency and heterogeneity of virulence gene profiles among PA isolates from respiratory tract infections. A high number of MDR and XDR strains poses a serious threat for patients and shows clearly that new antimicrobial agents are needed.","PeriodicalId":18566,"journal":{"name":"Medycyna doświadczalna i mikrobiologia","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132406184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: N. gonorrhoeae is one of the etiological causative agents of one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases. Gonococci has created many resistance mechanisms, which is associated with bacterial evolution. Natural transformation is the basic method of horizontal gene transfer in bacteria of the genus Neisseria, which can lead to a mutation in the gyrA gene encoding DNA gyrase. The aim of the study was to verify the view on the significance of mutations at positions 91 and 95 of the gyrA protein on the sensitivity of N. gonorrhoeae to antibiotics of the quinolone type. Methods: GyrA gene was introduced into an sensitive isolate of N. gonorrhoeae using genetic transformation. Resistance gene donor, recipient and transform strains were tested for susceptibility and the gyrA gene was sequenced. Results: It has been shown that double mutation in amino acid acid sequence of the GyrA protein at positions 91 and 95 increase the value of MIC from 0,003 mg / L to 0,125 mg / L at CIP sensitive N. gonorrhoeae strain. Conclusions: Mutations in the amino acid sequence at positions 91 and 95 affet the strain’s sensitivity to ciprofloxacin, but it is not the only mechanism which could alter the MIC value of quinolones.
{"title":"Transformation of fluoroquinolone-resistance Neisseria gonorrhoeae gyrA and parC genes","authors":"S. Walter de Walthoffen","doi":"10.32394/mdm.72.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32394/mdm.72.07","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: N. gonorrhoeae is one of the etiological causative agents of one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases. Gonococci has created many resistance mechanisms, which is associated with bacterial evolution. Natural transformation is the basic method of horizontal gene transfer in bacteria of the genus Neisseria, which can lead to a mutation in the gyrA gene encoding DNA gyrase. The aim of the study was to verify the view on the significance of mutations at positions 91 and 95 of the gyrA protein on the sensitivity of N. gonorrhoeae to antibiotics of the quinolone type.\u0000Methods: GyrA gene was introduced into an sensitive isolate of N. gonorrhoeae using genetic transformation. Resistance gene donor, recipient and transform strains were tested for susceptibility and the gyrA gene was sequenced.\u0000Results: It has been shown that double mutation in amino acid acid sequence of the GyrA protein at positions 91 and 95 increase the value of MIC from 0,003 mg / L to 0,125 mg / L at CIP sensitive N. gonorrhoeae strain.\u0000Conclusions: Mutations in the amino acid sequence at positions 91 and 95 affet the strain’s sensitivity to ciprofloxacin, but it is not the only mechanism which could alter the MIC value of quinolones.","PeriodicalId":18566,"journal":{"name":"Medycyna doświadczalna i mikrobiologia","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121723863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objectives: Diagnostics of anaerobic bacterial infections and determination of drug susceptibility are technically difficult and time-consuming; therefore, the number of studies on Anaerobic Gram-negative bacilli is significantly limited, especially in Europe. The aim of the study was to analyze the antibiotic susceptibility of clinically important anaerobic bacteria Bacteroides spp. and Parabacteroides distasonis. Strains were isolated from infections of patients hospitalized at one Polish hospital as a result of routine microbiological diagnostics. Material and methods: Clinical isolates were identified with MALDI-TOF MS. Antimicrobial susceptibility of 276 strains was carried out by E-test gradient strip to commonly used antibiotics i.e. benzylpenicillin, amoxicillin with clavulanic acid, imipenem, clindamycin and metronidazole. MIC values were determined. The interpretation of antimicrobial susceptibility tests were conducted in accordance with The European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) recommendations. Results: Susceptibility tests of all isolates yielded the following rates of resistance to the evaluated β-lactam antibiotics: benzylpenicillin (96%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (7.6%), imipenem (2.1%). In presented study 38.8% of clindamycin-resistant strains were isolated, among them 18.3% of B. fragilis and 53.85% P. distasonis. All strain were susceptible to metronidazole. Conclusions: Obtained results and analysis of the results of other researchers convinces us that it is necessary to routinely or at least periodically monitor drug susceptibility of clinical isolates of anaerobic bacteria and use targeted therapy based on the result of the antibiogram. Although high percentage of the tested Bacteroides and Parabacteroides strains remained susceptible to metronidazole and β-lactam antibiotics the use of clindamycin in empirical therapy may not be efficacious. Antibiogram results should be consult with the staff responsible for patient treatment and hospital antibiotic policies.
{"title":"Five years prospective survey of antibiotic resistance in Bacteroides and Parabacteroides isolated from inpatients of clinical hospital in Warsaw, Poland","authors":"","doi":"10.32394/mdm.72.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32394/mdm.72.02","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Diagnostics of anaerobic bacterial infections and determination of drug susceptibility are technically difficult and time-consuming; therefore, the number of studies on Anaerobic Gram-negative bacilli is significantly limited, especially in Europe.\u0000The aim of the study was to analyze the antibiotic susceptibility of clinically important anaerobic bacteria Bacteroides spp. and Parabacteroides distasonis. Strains were isolated from infections of patients hospitalized at one Polish hospital as a result of routine microbiological diagnostics.\u0000Material and methods: Clinical isolates were identified with MALDI-TOF MS.\u0000Antimicrobial susceptibility of 276 strains was carried out by E-test gradient strip to commonly used antibiotics i.e. benzylpenicillin, amoxicillin with clavulanic acid, imipenem, clindamycin and metronidazole. MIC values were determined. The interpretation of antimicrobial susceptibility tests were conducted in accordance with The European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) recommendations.\u0000Results: Susceptibility tests of all isolates yielded the following rates of resistance to the evaluated β-lactam antibiotics: benzylpenicillin (96%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (7.6%), imipenem (2.1%). In presented study 38.8% of clindamycin-resistant strains were isolated, among them 18.3% of B. fragilis and 53.85% P. distasonis. All strain were susceptible to metronidazole.\u0000Conclusions: Obtained results and analysis of the results of other researchers convinces us that it is necessary to routinely or at least periodically monitor drug susceptibility of clinical isolates of anaerobic bacteria and use targeted therapy based on the result of the antibiogram. Although high percentage of the tested Bacteroides and Parabacteroides strains remained susceptible to metronidazole and β-lactam antibiotics the use of clindamycin in empirical therapy may not be efficacious. Antibiogram results should be consult with the staff responsible for patient treatment and hospital antibiotic policies.","PeriodicalId":18566,"journal":{"name":"Medycyna doświadczalna i mikrobiologia","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123843109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Domański, M. Sikora, R. Kuthan, E. AUGUSTYNOWICZ-KOPEĆ, E. Swoboda‐Kopeć
Introduction: Candida parapsilosis and Candida glabrata are another yeasts that form complexes of crypospecies. Although these species have been described more than a decade ago, knowledge about them is still limited. The reason for this is the large phenotypic similarity that unables them from being differentiated by classical diagnostic methods. The aim of the study was to identify species of clinical strains within C. glabrata and C. parapsilosis complexes. Material and methods: Standard PCR-RFLP of the secondary alcohol dehydrogenase gene (SADH) with BanI restriction enzyme served to determine species affiliation within the C. parapsilosis complex. The internal transcribed spacer was used to confirm the identification of C. glabrata sensu stricto. The D1/D2 domain of the 26S rDNA gene was sequenced in order to identify C. nivariensis and C. bracarensis strains. Results: As a result of the molecular analysis, 24 Candida nivariensis isolates and 4 C. metapsilosis strains and 9 C. orthopsilosis strains were detected. Conclusions: Prevalence of new cryptic species was relatively low.
{"title":"New species within Candida parapsilosis and Candida glabrata","authors":"D. Domański, M. Sikora, R. Kuthan, E. AUGUSTYNOWICZ-KOPEĆ, E. Swoboda‐Kopeć","doi":"10.32394/mdm.71.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32394/mdm.71.06","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Candida parapsilosis and Candida glabrata are another yeasts that form complexes of crypospecies. Although these species have been described more than a decade ago, knowledge about them is still limited. The reason for this is the large phenotypic similarity that unables them from being differentiated by classical diagnostic methods. The aim of the study was to identify species of clinical strains within C. glabrata and C. parapsilosis complexes.\u0000Material and methods: Standard PCR-RFLP of the secondary alcohol dehydrogenase gene (SADH) with BanI restriction enzyme served to determine species affiliation within the C. parapsilosis complex. The internal transcribed spacer was used to confirm the identification of C. glabrata sensu stricto. The D1/D2 domain of the 26S rDNA gene was sequenced in order to identify C. nivariensis and C. bracarensis strains.\u0000Results: As a result of the molecular analysis, 24 Candida nivariensis isolates and 4 C. metapsilosis strains and 9 C. orthopsilosis strains were detected.\u0000Conclusions: Prevalence of new cryptic species was relatively low.","PeriodicalId":18566,"journal":{"name":"Medycyna doświadczalna i mikrobiologia","volume":"252 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122485437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Adrian Maj, A. Kusiak, K. Garbacz, Marta Ziółkowska-Klinkosz
Introduction. Photodynamic therapy is supportive method of non-surgical treatment of periodontitis. The aim of the study was the assessment of photodynamic therapy impact on periodontal disease clinical parameters with a particular emphasis on microbiological aspects during periodontal treatment. Material and methods. The research was conducted on seven healthy patients aged 26- 55 years. All the patients were treated with a non-surgical (SRP) periodontal treatment. Then, the assisted photodynamic therapy was applied in selected pockets. Samples of the material obtained from periodontal pockets before and after the treatment were cultured in a microbiological laboratory. Results. After the introduced therapy the clinical improvement of periodontal disease was observed in the majority (6/7) of patients taking part in the study. There obtained the elimination of inflammation to 85.7% of the patients. Periodontal pocket depths have deteriorated from 0.5 to 3.0 mm in comparison to the pre-treatment values. The overall number of bacteria compared to the pre-treatment value was reduced. In addition, there was noticed a decrease in the number of periopathogens. Control samples showed a vivid dominance of the physiological flora. Conclusions. The non-surgical treatment of periodontitis in combination with the supportive action of photodynamic therapy has promising therapeutic effects by reducing the inflammation and decreasing the depth of periodontal pockets. The change in the ratio of periopathogens to physiological flora may indicate the restoration and maintenance of the state balance in periodontal pockets for patients with periodontitis.
{"title":"Analysis of clinical and microbiological results of photodynamic therapy as support in non-surgical treatment of periodontitis – preliminary study","authors":"Adrian Maj, A. Kusiak, K. Garbacz, Marta Ziółkowska-Klinkosz","doi":"10.32394/mdm.71.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32394/mdm.71.04","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Photodynamic therapy is supportive method of non-surgical treatment of periodontitis. The aim of the study was the assessment of photodynamic therapy impact on periodontal disease clinical parameters with a particular emphasis on microbiological aspects during periodontal treatment.\u0000Material and methods. The research was conducted on seven healthy patients aged 26-\u000055 years. All the patients were treated with a non-surgical (SRP) periodontal treatment.\u0000Then, the assisted photodynamic therapy was applied in selected pockets. Samples of the material obtained from periodontal pockets before and after the treatment were cultured in a microbiological laboratory.\u0000Results. After the introduced therapy the clinical improvement of periodontal disease was observed in the majority (6/7) of patients taking part in the study. There obtained the elimination of inflammation to 85.7% of the patients. Periodontal pocket depths have deteriorated from 0.5 to 3.0 mm in comparison to the pre-treatment values. The overall number of bacteria compared to the pre-treatment value was reduced. In addition, there was noticed a decrease in the number of periopathogens. Control samples showed a vivid dominance of the physiological flora.\u0000Conclusions. The non-surgical treatment of periodontitis in combination with the\u0000supportive action of photodynamic therapy has promising therapeutic effects by reducing the inflammation and decreasing the depth of periodontal pockets. The change in the ratio of periopathogens to physiological flora may indicate the restoration and maintenance of the state balance in periodontal pockets for patients with periodontitis.","PeriodicalId":18566,"journal":{"name":"Medycyna doświadczalna i mikrobiologia","volume":"208 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133726827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
After gastrointestinal infection with Y. enterocolitica and Y. pseudotuberculosis, some patients may experience reactive arthritis and erythema nodosum. In the etiopathogenesis of these autoimmune complications, in addition to infectious agents, genetic factors, gender and age of the patients also play a role. In the study of the etiology of reactive arthritis and erythema nodosum after gastrointestinal infection, it is useful to investigate in the serum of patients specific antibodies for selected intestinal pathogens, including Yersinia antigens.
{"title":"Reactive arthritis and erythema nodosum after gastrointestinal infections caused by Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia pseudotuberculossis","authors":"W. Rastawicki","doi":"10.32394/mdm.72.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32394/mdm.72.09","url":null,"abstract":"After gastrointestinal infection with Y. enterocolitica and Y. pseudotuberculosis, some patients may experience reactive arthritis and erythema nodosum. In the etiopathogenesis of these autoimmune complications, in addition to infectious agents, genetic factors, gender and age of the patients also play a role. In the study of the etiology of reactive arthritis and erythema nodosum after gastrointestinal infection, it is useful to investigate in the serum of patients specific antibodies for selected intestinal pathogens, including Yersinia antigens.","PeriodicalId":18566,"journal":{"name":"Medycyna doświadczalna i mikrobiologia","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124823352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Salmonella is a serious cause of gastroenteritis in children. Prevention through proper hygiene to minimize potential exposure is a key factor decreasing the number of morbidity. The aim of this study was the analysis of Salmonellosis incidence rate among children hospitalized in Pediatric Hospital in Bielsko-Biała, Poland, in the years 2014-2015 having regard to Salmonella’s serotype, symptoms at admission to hospital and changes of body weight during hospital stay. Methods: The study was conducted on 79 children with Salmonellosis treated in years 2014-2015 in Pediatric Hospital in Bielsko-Biała, Poland. It was based on retrospective analysis of data from children’s medical history. Results: In all age groups the most common serotype was Salmonella Entertidis. Analysis of children’s clinical symptoms at admission to hospital showed that all children, both male and female, had abdominal pains before defecation. The major symptoms included also diarrhea with blood and fever. Among half of observed group emesis were observed. The analysis of body weight at the hospital admission and discharge demonstrated that in majority of children the body weight increased during their stay in the hospital – the weight gain occurred in 68,8% of male and in 48,4% of female children. Conclusions: The cases of Salmonella appeared comparatively often in children at the age of 0-2 years old and 3-5 years old. The most commonly isolated serotype of Salmonella was Salmonella Entertidis. In all age groups the most common symptoms were abdominal pain before defecation and diarrhea with blood. Due to high diarrhea prevalence it is advisable to introduce the education directed both to children and parents.
{"title":"Salmonellosis among children hospitalized in Pediatric Hospital in Bielsko-Biała, Poland, in the years 2014-2015","authors":"Wioletta Pollok-Waksmańska, Krystyna Słowiaczek, Danuta Wijas","doi":"10.32394/mdm.71.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32394/mdm.71.01","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Salmonella is a serious cause of gastroenteritis in children. Prevention through proper hygiene to minimize potential exposure is a key factor decreasing the number of morbidity. The aim of this study was the analysis of Salmonellosis incidence rate among children hospitalized in Pediatric Hospital in Bielsko-Biała, Poland, in the years 2014-2015 having regard to Salmonella’s serotype, symptoms at admission to hospital and changes of body weight during hospital stay.\u0000Methods: The study was conducted on 79 children with Salmonellosis treated in years 2014-2015 in Pediatric Hospital in Bielsko-Biała, Poland. It was based on retrospective analysis of data from children’s medical history.\u0000Results: In all age groups the most common serotype was Salmonella Entertidis. Analysis of children’s clinical symptoms at admission to hospital showed that all children, both male and female, had abdominal pains before defecation. The major symptoms included also diarrhea with blood and fever. Among half of observed group emesis were observed. The analysis of body weight at the hospital admission and discharge demonstrated that in majority of children the body weight increased during their stay in the hospital – the weight gain occurred in 68,8% of male and in 48,4% of female children.\u0000Conclusions: The cases of Salmonella appeared comparatively often in children at the age of 0-2 years old and 3-5 years old. The most commonly isolated serotype of Salmonella was Salmonella Entertidis. In all age groups the most common symptoms were abdominal pain before defecation and diarrhea with blood. Due to high diarrhea prevalence it is advisable to introduce the education directed both to children and parents.","PeriodicalId":18566,"journal":{"name":"Medycyna doświadczalna i mikrobiologia","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127357770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Lyme disease is a multiorgan tick-borne disease which endemically occurs primarily in countries in the Northern Hemisphere. It is caused by the bacteria Borrelia burgdorferi, and the vector of infection are ticks from the Ixodes family. In recent years it has been noted that there is an increase in the number of Lyme disease cases in the world. Due to the varied clinical picture of disease and the possibility of complications, Lyme disease should be diagnosed early and properly treated. The objective of the research was an analysis of the occurrence of Lyme disease among inhabitants of “bielski” district and the city of Bielsko-Biala in years 2008-2017. Methods: The analysis of the occurrence of Lyme disease was based on data collected from the Sanitary Epidemiological Station in Bielsko-Biala. Results: In the analysed period there were 1450 cases of Lyme disease diagnosed, mostly among people living in the city which has a population of more than 10000 inhabitants. The disease most frequently afflicted women 51 to 60 and 61 to 70 years of age. Tick bites occurred most frequently during summer months. The most common symptom of infection was malaise, fever and erythema at the site of the tick bite. Conclusions: In the analysed period covering the years 2008-2017, the number of cases of Lyme disease among people living in Bielsko-Biala and the surrounding area remains on the similar level with a noticeable significant increase in 2009 and a decrease in 2014-2015. Women were suffering from Lyme disease more often than men. Lyme disease affected people of all ages. However, the group at risk consisted of people in their fifties and sixties. Tick bites, which resulted in bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi infection, occurred between July and November with the intensity in the summer months.
{"title":"Borreliosis in the inhabitants of Bielsko-Biała and the surrounding area in the period 2008-2017","authors":"","doi":"10.32394/mdm.72.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32394/mdm.72.04","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Lyme disease is a multiorgan tick-borne disease which endemically occurs primarily in countries in the Northern Hemisphere. It is caused by the bacteria Borrelia burgdorferi, and the vector of infection are ticks from the Ixodes family. In recent years it has been noted that there is an increase in the number of Lyme disease cases in the world.\u0000Due to the varied clinical picture of disease and the possibility of complications, Lyme disease should be diagnosed early and properly treated. The objective of the research was an analysis of the occurrence of Lyme disease among inhabitants of “bielski” district and the city of Bielsko-Biala in years 2008-2017.\u0000Methods: The analysis of the occurrence of Lyme disease was based on data collected from the Sanitary Epidemiological Station in Bielsko-Biala.\u0000Results: In the analysed period there were 1450 cases of Lyme disease diagnosed, mostly among people living in the city which has a population of more than 10000 inhabitants.\u0000The disease most frequently afflicted women 51 to 60 and 61 to 70 years of age. Tick bites occurred most frequently during summer months. The most common symptom of infection was malaise, fever and erythema at the site of the tick bite.\u0000Conclusions: In the analysed period covering the years 2008-2017, the number of cases of Lyme disease among people living in Bielsko-Biala and the surrounding area remains on the similar level with a noticeable significant increase in 2009 and a decrease in 2014-2015.\u0000Women were suffering from Lyme disease more often than men. Lyme disease affected people of all ages. However, the group at risk consisted of people in their fifties and sixties.\u0000Tick bites, which resulted in bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi infection, occurred between July and November with the intensity in the summer months.","PeriodicalId":18566,"journal":{"name":"Medycyna doświadczalna i mikrobiologia","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132049431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) caused by Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most feared complications of diabetes mellitus. The studies reporting the oral cavity as a potential reservoir of S. aureus in diabetic patients are sparse. The aim of the study was to compare the prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains in the oral and in the diabetic foot specimens from DFU patients. Materials and Methods: A total 80 specimens (40 oral swabs and 40 DFU swabs) were collected from diabetic patients with foot ulcer. The specimens were subcultured and the susceptibility of isolated S. aureus strains to antimicrobial agents was determined. Suspected methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains were further examined for the presence of modified PBP2a protein. Results: Less than one-fifth of patients with DFU had oral S. aureus carriage, however the colonization is significantly associated with S. aureus diabetic foot infection. S. aureus strains were isolated from 52.5% of DFU specimens, 17.5% were resistant to methicillin. S. aureus strains were isolated from 17.5% of oral specimens of diabetic patients; 2.5% were methicillin-resistant. The MRSA strains were isolated sevenfold more frequently from the diabetic foot than from the oral cavity. Conclusions: Although diabetic foot infections caused by an endogenous S. aureus strains colonizing the oral cavity of diabetic patients seems unlikely, it is evidently important to monitor the oral S. aureus carriage in diabetic patients and their resistance to antibiotics.
{"title":"Oral carriage of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains among patients with diabetic foot ulcer","authors":"","doi":"10.32394/mdm.72.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32394/mdm.72.01","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) caused by Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most feared complications of diabetes mellitus. The studies reporting the oral cavity as a potential reservoir of S. aureus in diabetic patients are sparse. The aim of the study was to compare the prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains in the oral and in the diabetic foot specimens from DFU patients.\u0000Materials and Methods: A total 80 specimens (40 oral swabs and 40 DFU swabs) were collected from diabetic patients with foot ulcer. The specimens were subcultured and the susceptibility of isolated S. aureus strains to antimicrobial agents was determined.\u0000Suspected methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains were further examined for the presence of modified PBP2a protein.\u0000Results: Less than one-fifth of patients with DFU had oral S. aureus carriage, however the colonization is significantly associated with S. aureus diabetic foot infection. S. aureus strains were isolated from 52.5% of DFU specimens, 17.5% were resistant to methicillin. S. aureus strains were isolated from 17.5% of oral specimens of diabetic patients; 2.5% were methicillin-resistant. The MRSA strains were isolated sevenfold more frequently from the diabetic foot than from the oral cavity.\u0000Conclusions: Although diabetic foot infections caused by an endogenous S. aureus strains colonizing the oral cavity of diabetic patients seems unlikely, it is evidently important to monitor the oral S. aureus carriage in diabetic patients and their resistance to antibiotics.","PeriodicalId":18566,"journal":{"name":"Medycyna doświadczalna i mikrobiologia","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129930130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this review is to report the medicinal plants, that are effective on Trichomonas vaginalis. Trichomonosis, caused by the flagellate protozoan vaginalis, is the most common non-viral sexually transmitted disease worldwide. The mainstay medication for trichomoniasis is metronidazole, but some resistant strains to this treatment have been identified. In addition, metronidazole sometimes causes adverse effects. Plant metabolites containing alkaloids, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, phenylpropane derivatives, tannins, flavonoids, glycosides, lipids, saponins and lactones were found to possess antitrichomonas properties. Medicinal plants are still invaluable source of safe, less toxic, available and reliable resources of drugs.
{"title":"Medical plants with anti-trichomonas vaginalis activity","authors":"","doi":"10.32394/mdm.72.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32394/mdm.72.08","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this review is to report the medicinal plants, that are effective on Trichomonas vaginalis. Trichomonosis, caused by the flagellate protozoan vaginalis, is the most common non-viral sexually transmitted disease worldwide. The mainstay medication for trichomoniasis is metronidazole, but some resistant strains to this treatment have been identified. In addition, metronidazole sometimes causes adverse effects. Plant metabolites containing alkaloids, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, phenylpropane derivatives, tannins, flavonoids, glycosides, lipids, saponins and lactones were found to possess antitrichomonas properties. Medicinal plants are still invaluable source of safe, less toxic, available and reliable resources of drugs.","PeriodicalId":18566,"journal":{"name":"Medycyna doświadczalna i mikrobiologia","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124302668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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