Pub Date : 2018-10-02DOI: 10.15406/mojpb.2018.07.00248
J. Galán-Jiménez
In Mexico, the Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática (National Institute of Statistics, Geography and Computing; INEGI, 2014) reported that 30.9% of the houses had at least one victim of violence. The Global Peace Index (2013; 2015) ranked Mexico in the 131st place in 2014 and then in the 144th place in 2015 out of 161 countries.1 proposed that living in violent communities is harmful, especially for children and adolescents. Describe that the exposure to violence is not only experienced by the victim when there is a direct exposure but can also be experienced by an observer; an indirect exposure.2 The indirect exposure can occur when one is a witness or simply by being informed of the violence experienced by others, which is also supported.3 Violence exposure rates from direct victims of violence in different populations range between 20% and 50%. Furthermore, 30% to 95% of people reported being exposed to indirect violence.4‒8 Adolescents exposed to high levels of violence show emotional numbing (less distress) and anxiety symptoms that worsen with violence exposure.9 suggest that witnessed violence could affect perception, behavior, emotions and physique.10 found that community violence has a “decidedly larger and more significant effect” (p. 329) on the aggression reported two years later.11 propose that witnessed or experienced violence “increases the risk of running away from home, leaving school, pregnancy, suicidal attempts, and having contact with the criminal justice system during adolescence” (p. 2).12 Exposure to violence is related to violent behavior, depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress, self‒esteem, aggression, transgression, and constant exposure could make violence seem as acceptable, expected or normal. All of these consequences may be related to the proximity or closeness to the aggressor, duration of the exposure, social norms, and values.12‒16 There are some instruments measuring some aspects of violence. Proposed the Conflict in Adolescent Dating Relationship Inventory (CADRI).17 developed the Index of Spouse Abuse, which measured both the physical and non‒physical aspects and,18 behavioral control. It was validated with the Scale of Sexual Assertiveness, and its alpha reliability ranges between 0.60 and 0.81. proposed the Questionnaire of Violence between Couples with 5170 people participants in Spain, Argentina and Mexico.19 The questionnaire has eight factors, labeled as types of abuse: emotional punishment, coercion, detachment, physical, gender, humiliation, instrumental and sexual. The model explains 51.3% of variance and it reported alphas between 0.58 and 0.81. This questionnaire includes physical, psychological and sexual components of violence. Reported the Out‒group Threat Perception Scale’s validity and reliability coefficients.20 presented the Exposure to Insecurity and Violence Questionnaire for Adolescents, developed in Mexico to measure mild to severe violence.21 although the questi
在墨西哥，国家研究所Estadística、Geografía e Informática(国家统计、地理和计算研究所;INEGI(2014年)报告称，30.9%的家庭至少有一名暴力受害者。全球和平指数(2013;2014年，墨西哥在161个国家中排名第131位，2015年排名第144位。我提出，生活在暴力社区是有害的，尤其是对儿童和青少年。描述暴力的暴露不仅是受害者在直接暴露时经历的，而且观察者也可以经历;间接暴露当一个人是目击证人或仅仅被告知他人所经历的暴力时，间接暴露就会发生，这也得到了支持在不同人群中，暴力直接受害者的暴力暴露率在20%至50%之间。此外，30%至95%的人报告遭受间接暴力。4-8暴露于高度暴力的青少年表现出情绪麻木(较少痛苦)和焦虑症状，这些症状随着暴露于暴力而恶化。9表明目击暴力会影响感知、行为、情绪和体质。10发现社区暴力对两年后报告的侵略行为有“明显更大、更显著的影响”(第329页)。11提议，目睹或经历过暴力“增加了青春期离家出走、辍学、怀孕、自杀企图和与刑事司法系统接触的风险”(第2页)接触暴力与暴力行为、抑郁、焦虑、创伤后应激、自尊、侵略、越界有关，持续接触暴力可能使暴力看起来是可以接受的、预期的或正常的。所有这些后果可能与与攻击者的接近程度、暴露时间、社会规范和价值观有关。有一些工具可以衡量暴力的某些方面。提出青少年约会关系量表(CADRI)中的冲突。制定了配偶虐待指数，衡量身体和非身体方面以及行为控制。用性自信量表进行验证，其α信度范围在0.60 ~ 0.81之间。在西班牙、阿根廷和墨西哥，共有5170人参与了夫妻暴力调查问卷。调查问卷有8个因素，分别被标记为虐待类型:情感惩罚、强迫、疏离、身体、性别、羞辱、工具和性。该模型解释了51.3%的方差，它报告的alpha值在0.58和0.81之间。这份调查表包括身体暴力、心理暴力和性暴力。报告外群体威胁感知量表的效度和信度系数。20人提出了墨西哥为衡量轻微至严重暴力而编制的青少年暴露于不安全和暴力问题问卷。21虽然问卷具有良好的心理测量特性，但没有提供因子结构的数据。最后，22人编制并验证了儿童和青少年暴力暴露问卷。它涉及来自西班牙比斯开16个教育中心的1986名学童。问卷包括21个项目，9个关于直接暴露或受害，12个关于间接暴露。这些项目涉及三种类型的暴力——身体暴力、语言暴力和威胁暴力——发生在学校、社区、家庭和电视等四种环境中。由于本研究的主题、理论框架、人口、反应类型和抽样方法与本研究相似，因此采用该工具来评估EVS的并发效度。
{"title":"Development and validation of a scale to measure exposure to violence in mexican adolescents: exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis","authors":"J. Galán-Jiménez","doi":"10.15406/mojpb.2018.07.00248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/mojpb.2018.07.00248","url":null,"abstract":"In Mexico, the Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática (National Institute of Statistics, Geography and Computing; INEGI, 2014) reported that 30.9% of the houses had at least one victim of violence. The Global Peace Index (2013; 2015) ranked Mexico in the 131st place in 2014 and then in the 144th place in 2015 out of 161 countries.1 proposed that living in violent communities is harmful, especially for children and adolescents. Describe that the exposure to violence is not only experienced by the victim when there is a direct exposure but can also be experienced by an observer; an indirect exposure.2 The indirect exposure can occur when one is a witness or simply by being informed of the violence experienced by others, which is also supported.3 Violence exposure rates from direct victims of violence in different populations range between 20% and 50%. Furthermore, 30% to 95% of people reported being exposed to indirect violence.4‒8 Adolescents exposed to high levels of violence show emotional numbing (less distress) and anxiety symptoms that worsen with violence exposure.9 suggest that witnessed violence could affect perception, behavior, emotions and physique.10 found that community violence has a “decidedly larger and more significant effect” (p. 329) on the aggression reported two years later.11 propose that witnessed or experienced violence “increases the risk of running away from home, leaving school, pregnancy, suicidal attempts, and having contact with the criminal justice system during adolescence” (p. 2).12 Exposure to violence is related to violent behavior, depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress, self‒esteem, aggression, transgression, and constant exposure could make violence seem as acceptable, expected or normal. All of these consequences may be related to the proximity or closeness to the aggressor, duration of the exposure, social norms, and values.12‒16 There are some instruments measuring some aspects of violence. Proposed the Conflict in Adolescent Dating Relationship Inventory (CADRI).17 developed the Index of Spouse Abuse, which measured both the physical and non‒physical aspects and,18 behavioral control. It was validated with the Scale of Sexual Assertiveness, and its alpha reliability ranges between 0.60 and 0.81. proposed the Questionnaire of Violence between Couples with 5170 people participants in Spain, Argentina and Mexico.19 The questionnaire has eight factors, labeled as types of abuse: emotional punishment, coercion, detachment, physical, gender, humiliation, instrumental and sexual. The model explains 51.3% of variance and it reported alphas between 0.58 and 0.81. This questionnaire includes physical, psychological and sexual components of violence. Reported the Out‒group Threat Perception Scale’s validity and reliability coefficients.20 presented the Exposure to Insecurity and Violence Questionnaire for Adolescents, developed in Mexico to measure mild to severe violence.21 although the questi","PeriodicalId":18585,"journal":{"name":"MOJ proteomics & bioinformatics","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82684275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-21DOI: 10.15406/MOJPB.2018.07.00247
B. Saud, S. Adhikari, Mamata Sherpa Awasthi
According to World Health Organization (WHO), 9.6 million people died of cancer in 2018 of which 70% were from middle and low‒income countries. Cancer is also the second leading cause of deaths globally. The leading causes of deaths due to cancer worldwide were highest for lung cancer, followed by colorectal cancer, stomach cancer, liver cancer and breast cancer.1 A report published by WHO has shown that cancer mortality in Nepal is higher in females as compare to males‒7,400 and 6,900 respectively. The major risk factors are tobacco smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, household solid fuel, physical inactivity and obesity,2 along with others like environment pollution and excessive pesticides in vegetable and fruits.3,4 Based on hospitals’ data approximately 8,000‒10,000 new cases of cancer are identified every year in Nepal.5 Kathmandu, the capital of Nepal has been listed on top of the 10 most cancer affected districts in Nepal followed by Sunsari, Morang, Chitwan, Jhapa, Lalitpur, Rupandehi, Kaski, Nawalparasi and Bhaktapur.6 A retrospective study analysis data over the four year period between 2010 and 2013 of twelve hospital situated in Nepal showed that cancer of bronchus and lung, stomach and larynx are most common among men. In female, most common cancers were listed to be cervical/ uteri, breast, bronchus and lungs.7 According to a study conducted in central region of Nepal, of total 240 cancer patients, Newar were 30.42%, Chhetri were 22.92% and Brahmin were 20%. Most of the cancer cases were documented from Kathmandu, Lalitpur, Bhaktapur and Sindhupalchowk districts.8 Showed the age specific incidence of cancer in central Nepal. They showed that rapid increase in incidence was among 45‒49age group in male and 30‒34age group in female, the highest incidence rate was between age groups 70‒74years in male and 65‒69 age group in female.9 By 2020 the incidence rate of cancer per 100,000 is estimated to be 41.4 in female and 38.5 in male.10 Annual report published by Department of Health Services (DoHS), Nepal in 2018 depicted the morbidity of various cancers in all seven provinces between 2016 and 2017. A total of 13,997 cases were reported in Out Patients Department (OPD) attending patients all over Nepal. 9053 cases of different cancers were reported from Province 3 and 3865 from Province 4. The least number of cases were reported from Province 6 (70 cases). The higher number of cases reported in Province 3 and 4 may be due to easier accessibility to higher health care facilities and very low numbers in province 6 due to inaccessibility to better health care facilities. Overall, highest morbidity was noted for Breast and Lung cancer, 1863 and 1885 respectively, followed by Cervical/Uteri Cancer‒1425, Head and Neck Cancer‒866 all over Nepal as shown in Figure 1.11 Screening and early detection facilities are limited to the central cities of the nation. The rural communities are deprived of screening facility in primary public health ca
{"title":"Cancer burden in Nepal: a call for action","authors":"B. Saud, S. Adhikari, Mamata Sherpa Awasthi","doi":"10.15406/MOJPB.2018.07.00247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/MOJPB.2018.07.00247","url":null,"abstract":"According to World Health Organization (WHO), 9.6 million people died of cancer in 2018 of which 70% were from middle and low‒income countries. Cancer is also the second leading cause of deaths globally. The leading causes of deaths due to cancer worldwide were highest for lung cancer, followed by colorectal cancer, stomach cancer, liver cancer and breast cancer.1 A report published by WHO has shown that cancer mortality in Nepal is higher in females as compare to males‒7,400 and 6,900 respectively. The major risk factors are tobacco smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, household solid fuel, physical inactivity and obesity,2 along with others like environment pollution and excessive pesticides in vegetable and fruits.3,4 Based on hospitals’ data approximately 8,000‒10,000 new cases of cancer are identified every year in Nepal.5 Kathmandu, the capital of Nepal has been listed on top of the 10 most cancer affected districts in Nepal followed by Sunsari, Morang, Chitwan, Jhapa, Lalitpur, Rupandehi, Kaski, Nawalparasi and Bhaktapur.6 A retrospective study analysis data over the four year period between 2010 and 2013 of twelve hospital situated in Nepal showed that cancer of bronchus and lung, stomach and larynx are most common among men. In female, most common cancers were listed to be cervical/ uteri, breast, bronchus and lungs.7 According to a study conducted in central region of Nepal, of total 240 cancer patients, Newar were 30.42%, Chhetri were 22.92% and Brahmin were 20%. Most of the cancer cases were documented from Kathmandu, Lalitpur, Bhaktapur and Sindhupalchowk districts.8 Showed the age specific incidence of cancer in central Nepal. They showed that rapid increase in incidence was among 45‒49age group in male and 30‒34age group in female, the highest incidence rate was between age groups 70‒74years in male and 65‒69 age group in female.9 By 2020 the incidence rate of cancer per 100,000 is estimated to be 41.4 in female and 38.5 in male.10 Annual report published by Department of Health Services (DoHS), Nepal in 2018 depicted the morbidity of various cancers in all seven provinces between 2016 and 2017. A total of 13,997 cases were reported in Out Patients Department (OPD) attending patients all over Nepal. 9053 cases of different cancers were reported from Province 3 and 3865 from Province 4. The least number of cases were reported from Province 6 (70 cases). The higher number of cases reported in Province 3 and 4 may be due to easier accessibility to higher health care facilities and very low numbers in province 6 due to inaccessibility to better health care facilities. Overall, highest morbidity was noted for Breast and Lung cancer, 1863 and 1885 respectively, followed by Cervical/Uteri Cancer‒1425, Head and Neck Cancer‒866 all over Nepal as shown in Figure 1.11 Screening and early detection facilities are limited to the central cities of the nation. The rural communities are deprived of screening facility in primary public health ca","PeriodicalId":18585,"journal":{"name":"MOJ proteomics & bioinformatics","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85447531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-19DOI: 10.15406/MOJPB.2018.07.00246
I. Umaru, Fasihuddin A. Badruddin, H. Umaru, K. I. Umaru
Medicinal plants represent a rich source of antimicrobial agents. Plants are used medicinally in different countries and they are source of many potent and powerful drugs. A wide range of medicinal plant parts is used for extract as raw drugs. They possess varied medicinal properties, while some of these raw drugs are collected in small quantities by the local communities and traditional healers for local use.1 The plants represent a rich source iiof antimicrobial agents.2,3 Many of the plant materials used in traditional medicine are readily available in rural areas at relatively cheaper than modern medicine.4‒6 The activity of plant extracts on bacteria and fungi has been studied by a very large number of researchers in different parts of the world.7‒9 The plant metabolites and plant based pesticides appear to be one of the better alternatives as they are known to have minimal environmental impact and danger to consumers in contrast to the synthetic drugs.10,11 Leptadenia hastata (Pers) Decne (Family‒Asclepiadaceae), commonly known as hastata is edible non‒domesticated vegetable and it is collected in wild throughout Africa. It is a voluble herb with creeping latex stems, glabescent leaves, glomerulus and racemus flowers as well as follicle fruits. It is typically grown in tropical dry lands in sandy soil. Wild foods like Leptadenia hastata provide food security during seasonal changes and are used medicinally in many areas. The breeders commonly used the leaf and stems for their parasitic activity and against placental retention.12 This plant can be used as a probiotic supplements and foods to lower risk of infections, improved digestion and even a reduced risk for some chronic diseases as claimed by traditional healer.12 However, Barringtonia racemosa are mangrove plants. This specie which is also known as putat, fish poison tree or powder puff tree is a type of highly valuable plant species due to its medicinal values. They are geographically found to be widely distributed from eastern Africa and Madagascar to Micronesian, Asia and Polynesian Island, the species was said to have been associated very well in various tribes around the world with diverse ethno‒botanical uses. The therapeutic potential of this herb is as a result of the presence of diverse bioactive compounds such as Lupeol, Germanicol, Teraxanol Barringtogenic, Barringtogenol etc. However, most of the studies on Barringtonia racemosa are restricted to crude extracts, and many biologically active compounds are yet to be identified in order to claim the traditional uses of this
{"title":"Antifungal potential of some medicinal plants on selected pathogenic fungi","authors":"I. Umaru, Fasihuddin A. Badruddin, H. Umaru, K. I. Umaru","doi":"10.15406/MOJPB.2018.07.00246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/MOJPB.2018.07.00246","url":null,"abstract":"Medicinal plants represent a rich source of antimicrobial agents. Plants are used medicinally in different countries and they are source of many potent and powerful drugs. A wide range of medicinal plant parts is used for extract as raw drugs. They possess varied medicinal properties, while some of these raw drugs are collected in small quantities by the local communities and traditional healers for local use.1 The plants represent a rich source iiof antimicrobial agents.2,3 Many of the plant materials used in traditional medicine are readily available in rural areas at relatively cheaper than modern medicine.4‒6 The activity of plant extracts on bacteria and fungi has been studied by a very large number of researchers in different parts of the world.7‒9 The plant metabolites and plant based pesticides appear to be one of the better alternatives as they are known to have minimal environmental impact and danger to consumers in contrast to the synthetic drugs.10,11 Leptadenia hastata (Pers) Decne (Family‒Asclepiadaceae), commonly known as hastata is edible non‒domesticated vegetable and it is collected in wild throughout Africa. It is a voluble herb with creeping latex stems, glabescent leaves, glomerulus and racemus flowers as well as follicle fruits. It is typically grown in tropical dry lands in sandy soil. Wild foods like Leptadenia hastata provide food security during seasonal changes and are used medicinally in many areas. The breeders commonly used the leaf and stems for their parasitic activity and against placental retention.12 This plant can be used as a probiotic supplements and foods to lower risk of infections, improved digestion and even a reduced risk for some chronic diseases as claimed by traditional healer.12 However, Barringtonia racemosa are mangrove plants. This specie which is also known as putat, fish poison tree or powder puff tree is a type of highly valuable plant species due to its medicinal values. They are geographically found to be widely distributed from eastern Africa and Madagascar to Micronesian, Asia and Polynesian Island, the species was said to have been associated very well in various tribes around the world with diverse ethno‒botanical uses. The therapeutic potential of this herb is as a result of the presence of diverse bioactive compounds such as Lupeol, Germanicol, Teraxanol Barringtogenic, Barringtogenol etc. However, most of the studies on Barringtonia racemosa are restricted to crude extracts, and many biologically active compounds are yet to be identified in order to claim the traditional uses of this","PeriodicalId":18585,"journal":{"name":"MOJ proteomics & bioinformatics","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81250919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-18DOI: 10.15406/mojpb.2018.07.00245
Kindu Wondmnew, Mohamed A. M. Hussien, W. Temesgen, Dagnachew Endalamaw
Ethiopia has the largest livestock inventories in Africa including about 40.7millions cattle, 25.5millions sheep and 23.4million goats (CSA. 2004). Its resource of cattle, sheep, and goats ranks 1st, 3rd and 2nd respectively in Africa.1 The development of leather industry requires great quality of raw materials of various origins, the principal source of which is livestock industry. Although the livestock production and tanning industry of the world are increasing in number, the source of the material for the tanning industry is limited both in quantity and quality.2 Ethiopia produce about 2.7millions of hides, 8.1millions of sheep skin and 7.5millions of goats skin per annum and is the leading export time of the country next to coffee with its finished and semi finished leather products.3 Although the number of tannery involved in production of this products increasing from time to time, the sectors and the country are losing revenue due to decline in leather quality and fall in export price.4 Of the total skin processed of tanneries, one fourth to one third of it is unsuitable to export due to various defects, 65%, which occur in pre‒slaughter, stage.5 The existence of various skin diseases (Dermotophillosis, Demodicosis, Sarcoptes and psoroptes manges, ticks and lice infestations affecting cattle, sheep and goats are frequently reported from different parts of Ethiopia.6 These different diseases in Ethiopia are documentable for considerable economic losses culling and occasional mortalities and related with cost of treatment and prevention disease.7 The potential economic losses necessitate the nationwide investigation on the distribution of skin disease and organize efforts between farmers, trader, tanners and government to at least minimize these enormous loses. Hence in socio‒economically important city like Kutaber words so far limited studies has been made to investigate the overall prevalence of the skin diseases in domestic ruminants. Therefore, the objectives of these studies are:
{"title":"Determination of prevalense external parasite on different species","authors":"Kindu Wondmnew, Mohamed A. M. Hussien, W. Temesgen, Dagnachew Endalamaw","doi":"10.15406/mojpb.2018.07.00245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/mojpb.2018.07.00245","url":null,"abstract":"Ethiopia has the largest livestock inventories in Africa including about 40.7millions cattle, 25.5millions sheep and 23.4million goats (CSA. 2004). Its resource of cattle, sheep, and goats ranks 1st, 3rd and 2nd respectively in Africa.1 The development of leather industry requires great quality of raw materials of various origins, the principal source of which is livestock industry. Although the livestock production and tanning industry of the world are increasing in number, the source of the material for the tanning industry is limited both in quantity and quality.2 Ethiopia produce about 2.7millions of hides, 8.1millions of sheep skin and 7.5millions of goats skin per annum and is the leading export time of the country next to coffee with its finished and semi finished leather products.3 Although the number of tannery involved in production of this products increasing from time to time, the sectors and the country are losing revenue due to decline in leather quality and fall in export price.4 Of the total skin processed of tanneries, one fourth to one third of it is unsuitable to export due to various defects, 65%, which occur in pre‒slaughter, stage.5 The existence of various skin diseases (Dermotophillosis, Demodicosis, Sarcoptes and psoroptes manges, ticks and lice infestations affecting cattle, sheep and goats are frequently reported from different parts of Ethiopia.6 These different diseases in Ethiopia are documentable for considerable economic losses culling and occasional mortalities and related with cost of treatment and prevention disease.7 The potential economic losses necessitate the nationwide investigation on the distribution of skin disease and organize efforts between farmers, trader, tanners and government to at least minimize these enormous loses. Hence in socio‒economically important city like Kutaber words so far limited studies has been made to investigate the overall prevalence of the skin diseases in domestic ruminants. Therefore, the objectives of these studies are:","PeriodicalId":18585,"journal":{"name":"MOJ proteomics & bioinformatics","volume":"161 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86428312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-06DOI: 10.15406/mojpb.2018.07.00244
D. K. Aristarkus
{"title":"The long‒term complications of hyperglycemia in both type1 and type 2 diabetic patients","authors":"D. K. Aristarkus","doi":"10.15406/mojpb.2018.07.00244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/mojpb.2018.07.00244","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18585,"journal":{"name":"MOJ proteomics & bioinformatics","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76675255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-28DOI: 10.15406/mojpb.2018.07.00243
Shanmughavel Piramanayagam, Suganya Selvaraj
Parkinson’s disease (PD) was medically reported as a neurological syndrome by James Parkinson, who first explained it in “An Essay on the Shaking Palsy” in 1817.1 He illustrated this disease as started with slow, progressive involuntary tremors, followed by a complication in walking, speech, and swallowing.2 Other than motor symptoms, Parkinson’s disease patients gradually experience remarkable non‒ motor symptoms as well as cognition decline, sensory abnormalities, behavioral changes, fatigue, sleep disturbances, and other autonomic dysfunctions.3‒5 After Alzheimer’s disease (AD), PD is the most common age‒ related neurodegenerative disease. Although the central pathological feature of Parkinson’s disease (PD) was found to be the degradation of neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc), (Figure 1) the loss of SNpc neurons accelerate striatal dopamine (DA) deficiency.6 Which is accountable for the key motor and nonmotor symptoms of PD.4,5 PD tremor decreases the voluntary movement, so naturally, impair the daily life activities. Rigidity refers to the increased resistance (stiffness) to passive movement of a patient’s limbs. Bradykinesia (very slow body movements) could considerably worsen the standared of life as a result of it takes for much longer to perform daily tasks like consumption of food or dressing, hypokinesia (reduction in movement amplitude), and akinesia (absence of normal oblivious movements, like arm swing in walking) evident as a range of symptoms, such as decreased voice volume (hypophonia), paucity of pronormal facial expression (hypomimia), drooling (inability to swallow without pondering it), diminished stride length during walking and slow writing. In addition, PD patients continuously enhance stooped attitude and will lose ordinary postural impulses, resulting in falls and, sometimes, confinement to a wheelchair. Abnormalities and cognition also occur frequently; delayed responses to queries, and slow cognitive process (bradyphrenia).6,7 Many shreds of evidence suggest that phosphatidylinositol‒3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt (protein kinase‒B)/mammalian target of the rapamycin (mTOR) pathway (PI3K/Akt/mTOR) pathway signaling related to dopaminergic neuron degeneration in PD.46‒48 The neuron degeneration concurrently influences the wider region of the brain responsible for dementia. In PD, dementia is not a presenting feature; it develops at least four years after PD motor symptoms start. Among PD patients, who do not primarily experience dementia the yearly occurrence varies from 2.6% to 9.6%, the additive risk of dementia by the age of 85 years was over 65%.8 Dopamine deficiency in the brain is the known causing factor of PD, yet why this initially occurs is less clear. However, the better understanding of the pathology of Parkinson’s disease is helping to identify potential drug targets for disease management.
帕金森氏症(PD)在医学上被詹姆斯·帕金森(James Parkinson)报道为一种神经系统综合症，他在1817年的《论颤抖性麻痹》(An Essay on the Shaking paralysis)中首次解释了这一疾病。他指出，这种疾病始于缓慢的、进行性的不自主震颤，随后出现行走、言语和吞咽方面的并发症除了运动症状外，帕金森病患者还会逐渐出现显著的非运动症状，以及认知能力下降、感觉异常、行为改变、疲劳、睡眠障碍和其他自主神经功能障碍。继阿尔茨海默病(AD)之后，PD是最常见的与年龄相关的神经退行性疾病。虽然帕金森病(PD)的主要病理特征是黑质致密部(SNpc)神经元的退化，但SNpc神经元的丧失加速了纹状体多巴胺(DA)的缺乏(图1)这是PD的主要运动和非运动症状。4、5 PD震颤减少自主运动，因此自然影响日常生活活动。僵直是指患者肢体被动运动时阻力增加(僵直)。运动迟缓(非常缓慢的身体运动)可能会大大恶化生活标准，因为它需要更长的时间来完成日常任务，如进食或穿衣，运动迟缓(运动幅度减少)和运动迟缓(缺乏正常的无意识运动，如走路时摆动手臂)，这些症状明显表现为声音变小(低语速)，缺乏正常的面部表情(低语速)，流口水(不能不思考地吞咽)。走路时步幅减小，书写缓慢。此外，PD患者会不断增强弯腰姿势，失去正常的姿势冲动，导致跌倒，有时还会被限制在轮椅上。异常和认知也经常发生;对问题反应迟缓，认知过程缓慢(精神分裂症)。6,7大量证据表明，磷脂酰肌醇- 3激酶(PI3K)/Akt(蛋白激酶- b)/雷帕霉素(mTOR)途径的哺乳动物靶点(PI3K/Akt/mTOR)信号通路与pd中多巴胺能神经元变性有关。46 - 48神经元变性同时影响与痴呆有关的更广泛的大脑区域。在帕金森病中，痴呆不是一个表现特征;它在PD运动症状开始后至少四年才会出现。在主要不经历痴呆的PD患者中，年发病率从2.6%到9.6%不等，到85岁时痴呆的附加风险超过65% 8大脑中多巴胺缺乏是PD的已知病因，但为什么会出现这种情况尚不清楚。然而，对帕金森病病理的更好理解有助于确定疾病管理的潜在药物靶点。
{"title":"A review on factors causing parkinson’s syndrome","authors":"Shanmughavel Piramanayagam, Suganya Selvaraj","doi":"10.15406/mojpb.2018.07.00243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/mojpb.2018.07.00243","url":null,"abstract":"Parkinson’s disease (PD) was medically reported as a neurological syndrome by James Parkinson, who first explained it in “An Essay on the Shaking Palsy” in 1817.1 He illustrated this disease as started with slow, progressive involuntary tremors, followed by a complication in walking, speech, and swallowing.2 Other than motor symptoms, Parkinson’s disease patients gradually experience remarkable non‒ motor symptoms as well as cognition decline, sensory abnormalities, behavioral changes, fatigue, sleep disturbances, and other autonomic dysfunctions.3‒5 After Alzheimer’s disease (AD), PD is the most common age‒ related neurodegenerative disease. Although the central pathological feature of Parkinson’s disease (PD) was found to be the degradation of neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc), (Figure 1) the loss of SNpc neurons accelerate striatal dopamine (DA) deficiency.6 Which is accountable for the key motor and nonmotor symptoms of PD.4,5 PD tremor decreases the voluntary movement, so naturally, impair the daily life activities. Rigidity refers to the increased resistance (stiffness) to passive movement of a patient’s limbs. Bradykinesia (very slow body movements) could considerably worsen the standared of life as a result of it takes for much longer to perform daily tasks like consumption of food or dressing, hypokinesia (reduction in movement amplitude), and akinesia (absence of normal oblivious movements, like arm swing in walking) evident as a range of symptoms, such as decreased voice volume (hypophonia), paucity of pronormal facial expression (hypomimia), drooling (inability to swallow without pondering it), diminished stride length during walking and slow writing. In addition, PD patients continuously enhance stooped attitude and will lose ordinary postural impulses, resulting in falls and, sometimes, confinement to a wheelchair. Abnormalities and cognition also occur frequently; delayed responses to queries, and slow cognitive process (bradyphrenia).6,7 Many shreds of evidence suggest that phosphatidylinositol‒3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt (protein kinase‒B)/mammalian target of the rapamycin (mTOR) pathway (PI3K/Akt/mTOR) pathway signaling related to dopaminergic neuron degeneration in PD.46‒48 The neuron degeneration concurrently influences the wider region of the brain responsible for dementia. In PD, dementia is not a presenting feature; it develops at least four years after PD motor symptoms start. Among PD patients, who do not primarily experience dementia the yearly occurrence varies from 2.6% to 9.6%, the additive risk of dementia by the age of 85 years was over 65%.8 Dopamine deficiency in the brain is the known causing factor of PD, yet why this initially occurs is less clear. However, the better understanding of the pathology of Parkinson’s disease is helping to identify potential drug targets for disease management.","PeriodicalId":18585,"journal":{"name":"MOJ proteomics & bioinformatics","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84480817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-22DOI: 10.15406/MOJPB.2018.07.00242
Cristina C. Clement, J. González, A. Babińska, Ebenezer L.V. Ewul, Edem Timpo, M. Salifu, D. Monika
Platelets are small anucleated blood particles derived from megakaryocytes in the bone marrow, and they play a key role in the control of bleeding and hemostasis.1‒10 Platelets need to be activated to perform their functions, a process mediated by many physiological activators. The best known and characterized activators at the level of signaling transduction mechanisms are: thrombin, arachidonic acid and its derivatives (thromboxane A2), collagen, and the adenosine nucleotides (ADP and ATP).2‒8 Activated platelets undergo vast cytoskeleton, organelles, and secretory protein reorganization accompanied by many posttranslational modifications (PTM).5‒14 Due to their anucleate nature, platelets have limited protein synthesis, and therefore it is expected that most of the changes encountered at the level of the proteome under different pathophysiological conditions will be determined mostly by changes in protein expression (translational and post‒translational regulated), at the level of PTM, proteolysis, or secretion during platelets degranulation processes associated with their activation.11‒15 It is well documented that selected platelet messages are translated into proteins after activation, regulating the inflammatory and hemostatic responses of the platelet.2‒8 Platelets can be affected by many physiological conditions during blood circulation that can ultimately lead to vascular complications initiated by thrombus formation.12‒16 During activation, release of platelet microparticles can generate various pathophysiological effects, such as initiation and exacerbation of stroke.16,17 One of the most advanced studies applied to the research of platelets biology under different activation states is the mass spectrometry coupled with profiling of protein changes applied to both resting and activated whole platelet proteomes, or to platelet subproteomes, including the platelet granules (alpha and dense), membrane systems, lipid rafts, and enriched phosphoproteome. Research conducted in the last five years acknowledges the identification of 5000‒5500 expressed proteins in human platelets, a proteome that is highly similar between different healthy individuals.10‒21 Recent emerging analytical technologies coupling the fractionation of the cellular proteome with the multidimensional nano LC/ESI/MS/MS sequencing, together with systems biology approaches empowered by bioinformatics analysis and data mining enabled a revolution in platelet proteomics that led to the development of new, mass spectrometric‒based assays for
{"title":"Development of a label‒free nanolc/ms/ms assay for monitoring the changes in the proteomic landscape of thrombin‒activated human platelets","authors":"Cristina C. Clement, J. González, A. Babińska, Ebenezer L.V. Ewul, Edem Timpo, M. Salifu, D. Monika","doi":"10.15406/MOJPB.2018.07.00242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/MOJPB.2018.07.00242","url":null,"abstract":"Platelets are small anucleated blood particles derived from megakaryocytes in the bone marrow, and they play a key role in the control of bleeding and hemostasis.1‒10 Platelets need to be activated to perform their functions, a process mediated by many physiological activators. The best known and characterized activators at the level of signaling transduction mechanisms are: thrombin, arachidonic acid and its derivatives (thromboxane A2), collagen, and the adenosine nucleotides (ADP and ATP).2‒8 Activated platelets undergo vast cytoskeleton, organelles, and secretory protein reorganization accompanied by many posttranslational modifications (PTM).5‒14 Due to their anucleate nature, platelets have limited protein synthesis, and therefore it is expected that most of the changes encountered at the level of the proteome under different pathophysiological conditions will be determined mostly by changes in protein expression (translational and post‒translational regulated), at the level of PTM, proteolysis, or secretion during platelets degranulation processes associated with their activation.11‒15 It is well documented that selected platelet messages are translated into proteins after activation, regulating the inflammatory and hemostatic responses of the platelet.2‒8 Platelets can be affected by many physiological conditions during blood circulation that can ultimately lead to vascular complications initiated by thrombus formation.12‒16 During activation, release of platelet microparticles can generate various pathophysiological effects, such as initiation and exacerbation of stroke.16,17 One of the most advanced studies applied to the research of platelets biology under different activation states is the mass spectrometry coupled with profiling of protein changes applied to both resting and activated whole platelet proteomes, or to platelet subproteomes, including the platelet granules (alpha and dense), membrane systems, lipid rafts, and enriched phosphoproteome. Research conducted in the last five years acknowledges the identification of 5000‒5500 expressed proteins in human platelets, a proteome that is highly similar between different healthy individuals.10‒21 Recent emerging analytical technologies coupling the fractionation of the cellular proteome with the multidimensional nano LC/ESI/MS/MS sequencing, together with systems biology approaches empowered by bioinformatics analysis and data mining enabled a revolution in platelet proteomics that led to the development of new, mass spectrometric‒based assays for","PeriodicalId":18585,"journal":{"name":"MOJ proteomics & bioinformatics","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77641325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-16DOI: 10.15406/MOJPB.2018.07.00241
D. K. Aristarkus, S. Palaniappan
When a number of users become far higher than the available bandwidth in a network, transmission delay in traffic delivery becomes unavoidable.2 These constitutes part of the technical factors that affects the reliability of internet service. However, reliable bandwidth subscription would enhance the performance of the network for impressive service delivery. Use of quality devices on the network is also a network performance milestone.3 Diagnosing a network that provides a week internet service would help in discovering loop holes and proffering a means of improving the network services.4 Characterizing a campus environment for proper view of what could serve as bottleneck or free connectivity would enhance the process of network diagnoses towards minimising any possible problems.5
{"title":"Harnessing telemedicine through video conferencing","authors":"D. K. Aristarkus, S. Palaniappan","doi":"10.15406/MOJPB.2018.07.00241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/MOJPB.2018.07.00241","url":null,"abstract":"When a number of users become far higher than the available bandwidth in a network, transmission delay in traffic delivery becomes unavoidable.2 These constitutes part of the technical factors that affects the reliability of internet service. However, reliable bandwidth subscription would enhance the performance of the network for impressive service delivery. Use of quality devices on the network is also a network performance milestone.3 Diagnosing a network that provides a week internet service would help in discovering loop holes and proffering a means of improving the network services.4 Characterizing a campus environment for proper view of what could serve as bottleneck or free connectivity would enhance the process of network diagnoses towards minimising any possible problems.5","PeriodicalId":18585,"journal":{"name":"MOJ proteomics & bioinformatics","volume":"138 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79087627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-13DOI: 10.15406/mojpb.2018.07.00240
W. Onuigbo
{"title":"The 19th century origins of the dormant stage in cancer metastasis","authors":"W. Onuigbo","doi":"10.15406/mojpb.2018.07.00240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/mojpb.2018.07.00240","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18585,"journal":{"name":"MOJ proteomics & bioinformatics","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78118812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-08DOI: 10.15406/mojpb.2018.07.00239
Carlos Henrique Kuretzki, J. S. Pinto, José Claudio Vianna
The health sector is one of the largest in most countries and can significantly benefit from high‒quality, real‒time and location‒ independent data. However, many healthcare professionals are not familiar with information technology solutions, business and information or are reluctant to apply them in their work area. The term Medical Informatics originated in the 1970s, inspired by the French word for Computer Science (informatique) thus passing the English‒speaking community to adopt the Medical Informatics form; previously the term related to biomedical research was vaguely defined. During the 1980s in Europe this term became broader than Medical Computing, including subjects such as Medical Statistics, Record Keeping, as well as others related to Medical Informatics itself. Over the years the word “medical” applied to this terminology gave a restrictive connotation of application to the medical field, thus, being replaced by the word health, leading to Health Informatics.1 Nowadays there are many areas that make use of technologies based on Health Informatics. Solutions that can give equal or better results than those provided by professionals. These solutions are called specialized systems. The main purpose of these systems is to find a solution to problems that are usually solved by specialized professionals in the field, and therefore the system is able to decide on its own, only based on specific and selected knowledge. This knowledge is given by the skilled professionals and based on real cases.2 Cognitive computing systems are perceptual‒sensitive systems that react to external signals and learn to do something with excellence through data analysis. That is, they receive numerous unstructured data entries and process them in order to obtain information in response to a given question or task. Cognitive technology, as a rule, proposes to perform tasks that only humans have so far been able to do, is only supposed to do it faster and more accurately.3
{"title":"Integration of system for research in health with computation in cloud using artificial intelligence","authors":"Carlos Henrique Kuretzki, J. S. Pinto, José Claudio Vianna","doi":"10.15406/mojpb.2018.07.00239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/mojpb.2018.07.00239","url":null,"abstract":"The health sector is one of the largest in most countries and can significantly benefit from high‒quality, real‒time and location‒ independent data. However, many healthcare professionals are not familiar with information technology solutions, business and information or are reluctant to apply them in their work area. The term Medical Informatics originated in the 1970s, inspired by the French word for Computer Science (informatique) thus passing the English‒speaking community to adopt the Medical Informatics form; previously the term related to biomedical research was vaguely defined. During the 1980s in Europe this term became broader than Medical Computing, including subjects such as Medical Statistics, Record Keeping, as well as others related to Medical Informatics itself. Over the years the word “medical” applied to this terminology gave a restrictive connotation of application to the medical field, thus, being replaced by the word health, leading to Health Informatics.1 Nowadays there are many areas that make use of technologies based on Health Informatics. Solutions that can give equal or better results than those provided by professionals. These solutions are called specialized systems. The main purpose of these systems is to find a solution to problems that are usually solved by specialized professionals in the field, and therefore the system is able to decide on its own, only based on specific and selected knowledge. This knowledge is given by the skilled professionals and based on real cases.2 Cognitive computing systems are perceptual‒sensitive systems that react to external signals and learn to do something with excellence through data analysis. That is, they receive numerous unstructured data entries and process them in order to obtain information in response to a given question or task. Cognitive technology, as a rule, proposes to perform tasks that only humans have so far been able to do, is only supposed to do it faster and more accurately.3","PeriodicalId":18585,"journal":{"name":"MOJ proteomics & bioinformatics","volume":"172 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77307231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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