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Introduction: Lung cancer is the leading cause of death by cancer worldwide and has a high lethality. The best treatment for patients with localized disease is anatomical surgical resection, granting good average survival in the long term. We did not find Chilean studies focusing on complications, long term survival or potential association with pathological or clinical factors. The aim of this work is to describe clinical characteristics, surgical complications and 5-to-10-year survival of a cohort of lung cancer patients operated in the Clinical Hospital of University of Chile and explore possible prognostic factors influencing in it.

Methods: A 107 patient's cohort of operated lung cancer patients in a single center from 2004 to 2015 was analyzed. We included patients with curative intent surgery performed in our hospital and excluded non- primary lung cancer histology or biopsies analyzed in other center. Clinical, perioperative and histopathologic data were collected. 5-10 year overall survival was determined and an exploratory analysis of prognostic factors on survival was performed.

Results: We found 107 surgeries fulfilling criteria, with 27% morbidity and 5.6% and 6.5% mortality at 30 and 90 days, respectively. 5- and 10-year overall survival was 44.7% and 32.3%, respectively. Univariate analysis found that gender, age, histology, disease stage, loco-regional dissemination and postoperative complications were factors associated with survival. Multivariate analysis confirmed that gender, age, loco-regional dissemination and postoperative complications were independent factors associated with survival.

Conclusions: Surgical results of a cohort of patients operated in a Chilean center show that 30 and 90-days mortality aligned with data reported worldwide. Overall survival in these selected patients is far better than reported in lung cancer patients. Risk factors that may be screened in preoperative analysis were found, which could change prognosis. Those findings suggest that improving preoperative evaluation could optimize patient selection to obtain better performance in surgical results and overall long-term survival.

The World Health Organization (WHO) highlights the importance of improving the design of public health interventions and policies by applying principles from the behavioral sciences. These sciences play a crucial role in modifying behaviors and addressing a wide range of health challenges, from pandemics and chronic diseases to the climate crisis. This article examines the transformative impact of behavioral sciences on public health promotion, focusing on the factors that influence decision-making and intervention strategies based on the six principles developed by the WHO Technical Advisory Group. Additionally, it addresses the significant shortage of Spanish-language literature on this topic, reviewing contributions from influential scientists and key theoretical models. The WHO's recommendations for the effective implementation of these interventions in public health are also discussed. This work not only fills a critical gap in the Spanish-language literature but also provides practical tools to improve public health in Spanish-speaking countries.

This analysis article aimed to identify and analyze all articles published on the post-COVID-19 condition in Latin America and the Caribbean, focusing on epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and risk of bias. We did a systematic survey of the literature with broad inclusion criteria. The only exclusion criteria were articles referring to post-acute COVID-19 sequelae after an intensive care unit stay, which we distinguish from the post-COVID-19 condition. We searched MEDLINE/PubMed, LILACS, SciELO, Scopus, Web of Science, and Epistemonikos. We included 55 records, of which 48 were original articles (44 were observational research, 29 of which had a comparison group; and four reviews). Various definitions for long COVID were reported, or none, and few used the World Health Organization criteria. None of the included studies reported prevalence rates for the region. We extracted the reported signs and symptoms of long COVID for our region. Using the Johanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools for observational analytic research, we found that most included studies were prone to limitations and biases. We conclude that more research should be done on the post-COVID-19 condition in Latin America and the Caribbean, using rigorous study designs to inform public health strategies.

Female genital prolapse, especially apical prolapse, significantly affects women's health and quality of life. Sacrospinous hysteropexy is a widely used surgical procedure to address this condition, presenting few postoperative complications. However, one of the reported complications is neuropathic pain resulting from damage to the branches of the pudendal nerve. Despite the frequency of this complication, there are few standardized management alternatives. This article presents a clinical case of a 62-year-old patient who experienced persistent neuropathic pain after a sacrospinous hysteropexy, in whom traditional approaches such as physical therapy and medications were ineffective. Therefore, it was decided to perform a corticosteroid infiltration in the painful sites via the vaginal route with local anesthesia. The patient experienced immediate pain relief, which lasted for months without the need to repeat the infiltration. The available literature is scarce regarding the long-term success of this therapeutic technique, so this case highlights the potential mid-term efficacy of this alternative in managing postoperative neuropathic pain. This case contributes to the growing evidence that corticosteroid infiltration can be a viable option for the treatment of postoperative neuropathic pain, offering an improvement in the quality of life of affected patients. While this case shows an initial successful approach, further research is needed to validate and establish the applicability of vaginal corticosteroid infiltration in similar cases.

Introduction: Cervical dysplasia is a precursor lesion of cervical cancer, one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in women, especially in developing countries. This study aimed to identify the risk factors associated with the development of cervical dysplasia in women treated at the Santa María del Socorro Hospital in Ica, Peru, between 2017 and 2019.

Methods: An observational case-control study was conducted with 92 cases of women with confirmed high-grade intraepithelial lesion and 184 controls with consecutive negative results in Pap smears. Sociodemographic, behavioral, and clinical data were collected. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with precancerous cervical lesions.

Results: The factors significantly associated with cervical dysplasia were age under 35 years (odds ratio: 1.2; 95% confidence interval: 0.1 to 0.7), having a partner (7.4; 2.3 to 23.5), body mass index ≥ 25 (12.9; 3.9 to 42.0), more than three sexual partners (71.4; 16.4 to 310.9), bacterial vaginosis (101.2; 12.2 to 838.2), grand multiparity (39.0; 7.1 to 225.4), rural origin (0.2; 0.1 to 0.8), use of injectables (0.2; 0.1 to 0.6), and intrauterine devide (0.04; 0.01 to 0.2).

Conclusions: Identifying these risk factors is crucial for cervical cancer prevention. It is recommended to implement early detection programs targeted at women with risk factors, especially those under 35 years and with multiple sexual partners.

Psychiatric symptoms are frequent in neurocognitive disorders and dementias. Psychotic symptoms, mainly hallucinations and delusions, may appear in up to 50% of cases, influencing morbidity and mortality. Genetic, neurobiological, and environmental factors are involved in their onset. We conducted a narrative review of primary articles developed in humans that analyzed the genetic and neurobiological basis of psychosis in dementias. Evidence suggests that there are genetic risk variants for presenting psychosis in dementia. How genetic variants are related to schizophrenia, dementia, and other neurodegenerative disorders is under discussion. Candidate gene studies have found and genetic variants are associated with psychosis in dementia while genome-wide association studies have shown variants located in y . Epigenetic studies are scarce but have detected differences in the methylome of people with dementia and psychosis. On the other hand, alterations of the cholinergic, serotonergic, dopaminergic, and gabaergic neurotransmitter systems and the excitatory-inhibitory balance have been described in dementia. From a functional and anatomical point of view, there are alterations in several regions, mainly in the frontal area and other sensory processing and integration areas. Finally, we describe the influence of cognitive alterations in the genesis and maintenance of delusions and discuss the phenomenological overlap with confabulations. Multiple genetic, neurobiological, structural, and cognitive factors influence the occurrence of delusions and hallucinations in persons with dementia. Further research is needed to understand the pathophysiology of psychosis in dementias. This approach would support the understanding of psychosis as a transdiagnostic entity.

Introduction: Maternal mortality remains a significant challenge for public health globally, particularly in developing areas such as Ica, Peru. This study aims to analyze the risk factors contributing to maternal mortality in reference hospitals in Ica during the period of 2010 to 2020.

Methods: A case-control study was conducted, including 49 cases of maternal deaths and 98 controls, applying multivariate logistic regression to analyze data collected from hospital records.

Results: The absence of a partner (adjusted OR: 12.3; 95% CI: 2.6 to 58.8), history of anemia (adjusted OR: 5.8; 95% CI: 1.5 to 21.3), delays of more than two hours in accessing medical care (adjusted OR: 10.2; 95% CI: 2.0 to 51.1), and lack of knowledge of warning signs such as unrecognized vaginal bleeding by companions (adjusted OR: 7.4; 95% CI: 1.2 to 46.7) were associated with an increased risk of maternal mortality.

Conclusions: The identification of these factors highlights the urgent need to develop comprehensive strategies that optimize access to maternal health services and strengthen education on warning signs. To reduce preventable maternal mortality, it is essential to collaborate between the Ministry of Health of Peru and regional governments, aiming to expand coverage and improve the quality of prenatal care. Additionally, awareness should be increased and transportation availability ensured 24 hours a day for women experiencing obstetric complications. The main limitation of this study is the generalization of results due to the regional focus and exclusive use of hospital data.

Introduction: Shortage of medicines in Peruvian healthcare facilities is a significant public health issue that may affect patient satisfaction.

Objective: To estimate the association between access to medicines and the level of satisfaction with the received care from users of healthcare facilities in Peru during 2016.

Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the 2016 National Survey of User Satisfaction in Health (ENSUSALUD). Access to medicines at the healthcare facilities' pharmacy and patient satisfaction were measured using self-report questions. Crude and adjusted ordinal logistic regression models were used to estimate Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals. The complex sample design of the 2016 National Health User Satisfaction Survey was considered in all calculations.

Results: Data from 10 386 healthcare facility users were included. After receiving medical care, 19.6% had partial access to medications, 6.8% had no access, and 6% were dissatisfied with the care received. Users with partial access to drugs had 87% higher odds of dissatisfaction (Odds ratio: 1.87; 95% confidence interval: 1.56 to 2.23), while users without access to medications had 51% higher odds of dissatisfaction (OR: 1.51; 95% CI: 1.06 to 2.16), compared to users with full access to drugs, adjusted for confounding variables.

Conclusions: Patients with limited access to medicine at pharmacies in Peruvian healthcare facilities reported higher dissatisfaction with the care received.

Health economics is an area of study that has critical tools for evidence-based healthcare decision making, among which are economic evaluations. These tools allow us to weigh the costs incurred for a given intervention in relation to its health outcomes. The main utility of these studies lies in accomplishing decision-making in healthcare and the formulation of public policies. This article is the first of two reviews on whose main purpose is to address fundamental theoretical concepts of health economic evaluations to facilitate their understanding and critical analysis. The text is part of a methodological series on clinical epidemiology, biostatistics and research methodology conducted by the Evidence-based Medicine team at the School of Medicine of the University of Valparaíso, Chile.