Pineal melatonin and the cortisol awakening response (CAR) are integral aspects of the circadian rhythm. Pineal melatonin release during sleep is proposed to optimize mitochondrial function and dampen any residual oxidant and inflammatory activity. Little is known about CAR, which is generally thought to prepare the body for the coming day, primarily through the activation of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). Melatonin, like the gut microbiome-derived butyrate, suppresses GR nuclear translocation, indicating that pineal melatonin and night-time butyrate may interact to modulate CAR effects via the GR, including CAR priming of immune and glia cells that underpin the pathogenesis of most medical conditions. Cutting edge research shows that the GR can be chaperoned by bcl2-associated athanogene (BAG)-1 to mitochondria, where GR can have significant and diverse impacts on mitochondrial function. A number of lines of evidence indicate that melatonin indirectly increases BAG-1, including via epigenetic mechanisms, such as derepressing miR-138 inhibition of BAG-1. The dramatic decrease in pineal melatonin production over aging will therefore have significant impacts on GR nuclear translocation, but also possibly the levels of BAG-1 mediated mitochondrial translocation of the GR. This may have dramatic consequences for how CAR ‘prepares the body for the coming day’, via the differential consequence of GR location in the cytoplasm, nucleus or mitochondria, with differential effects in different cell types. The interactions of melatonin/butyrate/BAG-1/GR are especially important in the hypothalamus, where a maintained heightened melatonin concentration occurs over the night due to the direct release of pineal melatonin, via the pineal recess, into the third ventricle. The interaction of melatonin/butyrate/BAG-1/GR will have differential effects in different cell types, thereby altering the intercellular homeostatic interactions in a given microenvironment that will contribute to the pathogenesis of many aging-associated conditions, including neurodegenerative conditions and cancer. This reframes the nature of the circadian rhythm as well as how stress-associated hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis may modulate both the pathogenesis and course of diverse medical presentations. This has a number of research and treatment implications across a host of current medical conditions.
{"title":"Why are aging and stress associated with dementia, cancer, and other diverse medical conditions? Role of pineal melatonin interactions with the HPA axis in mitochondrial regulation via BAG-1","authors":"George Anderson","doi":"10.32794/mr112500158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32794/mr112500158","url":null,"abstract":"Pineal melatonin and the cortisol awakening response (CAR) are integral aspects of the circadian rhythm. Pineal melatonin release during sleep is proposed to optimize mitochondrial function and dampen any residual oxidant and inflammatory activity. Little is known about CAR, which is generally thought to prepare the body for the coming day, primarily through the activation of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). Melatonin, like the gut microbiome-derived butyrate, suppresses GR nuclear translocation, indicating that pineal melatonin and night-time butyrate may interact to modulate CAR effects via the GR, including CAR priming of immune and glia cells that underpin the pathogenesis of most medical conditions. Cutting edge research shows that the GR can be chaperoned by bcl2-associated athanogene (BAG)-1 to mitochondria, where GR can have significant and diverse impacts on mitochondrial function. A number of lines of evidence indicate that melatonin indirectly increases BAG-1, including via epigenetic mechanisms, such as derepressing miR-138 inhibition of BAG-1. The dramatic decrease in pineal melatonin production over aging will therefore have significant impacts on GR nuclear translocation, but also possibly the levels of BAG-1 mediated mitochondrial translocation of the GR. This may have dramatic consequences for how CAR ‘prepares the body for the coming day’, via the differential consequence of GR location in the cytoplasm, nucleus or mitochondria, with differential effects in different cell types. The interactions of melatonin/butyrate/BAG-1/GR are especially important in the hypothalamus, where a maintained heightened melatonin concentration occurs over the night due to the direct release of pineal melatonin, via the pineal recess, into the third ventricle. The interaction of melatonin/butyrate/BAG-1/GR will have differential effects in different cell types, thereby altering the intercellular homeostatic interactions in a given microenvironment that will contribute to the pathogenesis of many aging-associated conditions, including neurodegenerative conditions and cancer. This reframes the nature of the circadian rhythm as well as how stress-associated hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis may modulate both the pathogenesis and course of diverse medical presentations. This has a number of research and treatment implications across a host of current medical conditions.","PeriodicalId":18604,"journal":{"name":"Melatonin Research","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136247923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Antonio Molina-Carballo, Antonio Emilio Jerez-Calero, Luisa Fernández-López, María del Carmen Augustin-Morales, Antonio Muñoz-Hoyos, Ahmad Agil
This study has investigated the protective role of melatonin against SARS-CoV-2 infection. For this purpose, 62 adults were recruited who were in daily relatively high doses of melatonin intaking, with the particularity that they started taking it before the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic and continued to present. A continuous validation process has been carried out with a series of questionnaires to identify the risk factors, whether they were contacts, were infected, if yes, the level of disease severity, need for treatment, hospitalization, etc. According to the dose of melatonin the individuals took/are taking, they were divided into two groups: a) those taking 20 mg (n = 27) and, b) those taking ≥ 40 mg (n = 32). For statistical analysis, the shi2 test and Fisher's exact test were used. The number of infected subjects with positive PCR was 7 (11.9%). Only one required medication, the rest had a very favorable clinical evolution, mild in three cases and asymptomatic in three others. While in their environment this percentage is 22.05% (chi2 = 2.928; p < 0.087). Melatonin offers a good safety profile, is well tolerated and can play an important role in the different levels of COVID-19 prevention.
{"title":"The preventive and protective role of melatonin in SARS-CoV-2 infection: a retrospective study","authors":"Antonio Molina-Carballo, Antonio Emilio Jerez-Calero, Luisa Fernández-López, María del Carmen Augustin-Morales, Antonio Muñoz-Hoyos, Ahmad Agil","doi":"10.32794/mr112500159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32794/mr112500159","url":null,"abstract":"This study has investigated the protective role of melatonin against SARS-CoV-2 infection. For this purpose, 62 adults were recruited who were in daily relatively high doses of melatonin intaking, with the particularity that they started taking it before the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic and continued to present. A continuous validation process has been carried out with a series of questionnaires to identify the risk factors, whether they were contacts, were infected, if yes, the level of disease severity, need for treatment, hospitalization, etc. According to the dose of melatonin the individuals took/are taking, they were divided into two groups: a) those taking 20 mg (n = 27) and, b) those taking ≥ 40 mg (n = 32). For statistical analysis, the shi2 test and Fisher&#39;s exact test were used. The number of infected subjects with positive PCR was 7 (11.9%). Only one required medication, the rest had a very favorable clinical evolution, mild in three cases and asymptomatic in three others. While in their environment this percentage is 22.05% (chi2 = 2.928; p < 0.087). Melatonin offers a good safety profile, is well tolerated and can play an important role in the different levels of COVID-19 prevention.","PeriodicalId":18604,"journal":{"name":"Melatonin Research","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136278706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Energy metabolism is the biochemical pathway of converting macronutrients (carbohydrates, protein, and fat) to cellular energy for the maintenance of cell homeostasis. The brain is an organ that consumes unproportional energy compared to its size. Glucose (glycogen, in storage form of glucose) is the principal source of brain energy. Impairment in brain energy metabolism results in neuronal loss and subsequent neurodegenerative diseases including AD, PD, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington’s disease, etc. However, metabolic disorders such as chronic hyperglycemia, and insulin resistance are also linked with neuronal activity. Dysregulation in neuronal transmission is associated with oxidative stress and brain insulin resistance. Diabetes mellitus jeopardizes brain function through various mechanisms including glucose toxicity, BBB damage, neuroinflammation, and gliosis. B vitamins as antioxidants and neuroprotective agents, can improve brain glucose metabolism. Melatonin is a potent free radical scavenger and it can also modulate cellular cytokine levels and prevent insulin resistance. The neuroprotective and antihyperglycemic effects of melatonin improve the brain's antioxidant defense system, decrease brain NOS activity, and prevent glucose toxicity. Hence this review suggests a therapeutic use of a combination of melatonin and B vitamins to improve brain functioning disrupted by diabetes.
{"title":"An insight into the importance of B vitamins and melatonin in the prevention of diabetes through modulation of the brain energy metabolism- a comprehensive review","authors":"Manisha Mukhopadhyay, Priyanka Ghosh, Aindrila Chattopadhyay, Debasish Bandyopadhyay","doi":"10.32794/mr112500160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32794/mr112500160","url":null,"abstract":"Energy metabolism is the biochemical pathway of converting macronutrients (carbohydrates, protein, and fat) to cellular energy for the maintenance of cell homeostasis. The brain is an organ that consumes unproportional energy compared to its size. Glucose (glycogen, in storage form of glucose) is the principal source of brain energy. Impairment in brain energy metabolism results in neuronal loss and subsequent neurodegenerative diseases including AD, PD, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington’s disease, etc. However, metabolic disorders such as chronic hyperglycemia, and insulin resistance are also linked with neuronal activity. Dysregulation in neuronal transmission is associated with oxidative stress and brain insulin resistance. Diabetes mellitus jeopardizes brain function through various mechanisms including glucose toxicity, BBB damage, neuroinflammation, and gliosis. B vitamins as antioxidants and neuroprotective agents, can improve brain glucose metabolism. Melatonin is a potent free radical scavenger and it can also modulate cellular cytokine levels and prevent insulin resistance. The neuroprotective and antihyperglycemic effects of melatonin improve the brain&#39;s antioxidant defense system, decrease brain NOS activity, and prevent glucose toxicity. Hence this review suggests a therapeutic use of a combination of melatonin and B vitamins to improve brain functioning disrupted by diabetes.","PeriodicalId":18604,"journal":{"name":"Melatonin Research","volume":"2013 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136278705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carla C Maganhin, Maria Candida P Baracat, Camilla M Luquetti, Daniella Buonfiglio, Manoel João Girão, José Cipolla-Neto, Manuel J Simoes, Ricardo S Simoes, Edson Lo Turco, Pedro Montelione, Edmund C Baracat, José Maria Soares-Jr
Melatonin concentration is
several folds higher in the follicular fluid than that in blood suggesting an
important role of this molecule on follicular physiology. However, the actions
of melatonin on angiogenesis in granulosa cells are currently unknown. In this
study, we have specifically investigated the potential effects of melatonin on
the angiogenesis in granulosa cells from female individuals with marital
infertility. Sixty patients who were submitted to the in vitrofertilization were included. The granulosa-luteal cells of these females were
collected for cell culture. The cells were divided into four groups: a) vehicle
(control); b) 0.1 µM melatonin; c) 1 µM melatonin; d) 10 µM melatonin treated
groups, respectively. After a period of 10 days of culture, expression of genes
involved in the angiogenesis signaling pathway were analyzed by Real-Time PCR
and Western Blot assays. The results showed that the expressions of FGF1(fibroblast growth factor 1), IL1B (interleukin 1-beta), VEGFR-2(type 2 vascular-endothelial growth factor receptor), and TGFB1 (tumor
growth factor 1- beta) were significantly upregulated in melatonin treated
groups compared to the control. In contrast, the expressions of HIF-1A(hypoxia-inducing factor 1-alpha), FGF2 (fibroblastic growth factor 2), IGF-1(insulin-like growth factor 1), and VEGFA (vascular endothelial growth
factor alpha) were significantly downregulated by melatonin compared to the
control. The results suggest that melatonin modulates angiogenesis of granulosa
cells from women with marital infertility. The underlining mechanism may relate
to melatonin maintaining the homeostasis of VEGF, especially at a low dose of
melatonin.
{"title":"Melatonin modulates the in vitro angiogenesis of granulosa cells collected from women with marital infertility for IVF","authors":"Carla C Maganhin, Maria Candida P Baracat, Camilla M Luquetti, Daniella Buonfiglio, Manoel João Girão, José Cipolla-Neto, Manuel J Simoes, Ricardo S Simoes, Edson Lo Turco, Pedro Montelione, Edmund C Baracat, José Maria Soares-Jr","doi":"10.32794/mr112500156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32794/mr112500156","url":null,"abstract":"Melatonin concentration is
 several folds higher in the follicular fluid than that in blood suggesting an
 important role of this molecule on follicular physiology. However, the actions
 of melatonin on angiogenesis in granulosa cells are currently unknown. In this
 study, we have specifically investigated the potential effects of melatonin on
 the angiogenesis in granulosa cells from female individuals with marital
 infertility. Sixty patients who were submitted to the in vitrofertilization were included. The granulosa-luteal cells of these females were
 collected for cell culture. The cells were divided into four groups: a) vehicle
 (control); b) 0.1 µM melatonin; c) 1 µM melatonin; d) 10 µM melatonin treated
 groups, respectively. After a period of 10 days of culture, expression of genes
 involved in the angiogenesis signaling pathway were analyzed by Real-Time PCR
 and Western Blot assays. The results showed that the expressions of FGF1(fibroblast growth factor 1), IL1B (interleukin 1-beta), VEGFR-2(type 2 vascular-endothelial growth factor receptor), and TGFB1 (tumor
 growth factor 1- beta) were significantly upregulated in melatonin treated
 groups compared to the control. In contrast, the expressions of HIF-1A(hypoxia-inducing factor 1-alpha), FGF2 (fibroblastic growth factor 2), IGF-1(insulin-like growth factor 1), and VEGFA (vascular endothelial growth
 factor alpha) were significantly downregulated by melatonin compared to the
 control. The results suggest that melatonin modulates angiogenesis of granulosa
 cells from women with marital infertility. The underlining mechanism may relate
 to melatonin maintaining the homeostasis of VEGF, especially at a low dose of
 melatonin.","PeriodicalId":18604,"journal":{"name":"Melatonin Research","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136278704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jorge Taboada, Salvador González-Gordo, José M Palma, Francisco J Corpas
Tryptophan decarboxylase (TDC) catalyzes the conversion of L-tryptophan (Trp) to tryptamine, a first step in the biosynthesis of serotonin and melatonin in plants. Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) fruit, a globally popular horticultural product has great nutritional and economic values. In addition to that pepper fruit undergoes phenotypical changes during ripening, many other alterations also occur at the transcriptomic, proteomic, biochemical, and metabolic levels. However, little information is known on how many genes encoding for TDC in pepper plants and their expression levels during the ripening of sweet pepper fruit. In the current study, based on a data-mining approach on the pepper genome and transcriptome (RNA-seq), five putative CaTDC genes were identified. They are designated as 1 to 5 based on their localizations in chromosomes and also their previous biochemical data. Among them, CaTDC3 and CaTDC4 encode proteins with tryptophan decarboxylase activity; however, CaTDC1, CaTDC2 and CaTDC5 encode either tyrosine decarboxylase (TYDC) or aromatic aldehyde synthase (AAS), although CaTDC5 shares some degree TDC homology. Therefore, they are considered as the putative CaTDCs until their activity is corroborated. The CaTDC4 and putative CaTDC5 are expressed in pepper fruit. The time-course analysis of these genes during fruit ripening (green immature, breaking point, and red ripe) showed that they were differentially expressed, i.e., CaTDC4 was upregulated, and putative CaTDC5 was downregulated. CaTDC4 was positively modulated by two light-responsive elements, Box4 and TCT-motif, while CaTDC5 was influenced by GT1-motif and G-Box. The protein sequence analysis also allowed identifying the Trp-substrate-binding pocket which is a characteristic of the TDC proteins. Exogenous NO (a signaling molecule) treatment triggered the downregulation of CaTDC4 but not putative CaTDC5. These data provide a novel insight on the potential functions involved in the secondary metabolism of TDCs in fleshy fruits. In the identified three new CaTDC genes, two (CaTDC4 and CaTDC5) expressed in pepper fruits are modulated by exogenous NO treatment during ripening.
{"title":"Tryptophan decarboxylase (TDC) in sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.): Gene expression analysis during fruit ripening and after nitric oxide exposure","authors":"Jorge Taboada, Salvador González-Gordo, José M Palma, Francisco J Corpas","doi":"10.32794/mr112500155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32794/mr112500155","url":null,"abstract":"Tryptophan decarboxylase (TDC) catalyzes the conversion of L-tryptophan (Trp) to tryptamine, a first step in the biosynthesis of serotonin and melatonin in plants. Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) fruit, a globally popular horticultural product has great nutritional and economic values. In addition to that pepper fruit undergoes phenotypical changes during ripening, many other alterations also occur at the transcriptomic, proteomic, biochemical, and metabolic levels. However, little information is known on how many genes encoding for TDC in pepper plants and their expression levels during the ripening of sweet pepper fruit. In the current study, based on a data-mining approach on the pepper genome and transcriptome (RNA-seq), five putative CaTDC genes were identified. They are designated as 1 to 5 based on their localizations in chromosomes and also their previous biochemical data. Among them, CaTDC3 and CaTDC4 encode proteins with tryptophan decarboxylase activity; however, CaTDC1, CaTDC2 and CaTDC5 encode either tyrosine decarboxylase (TYDC) or aromatic aldehyde synthase (AAS), although CaTDC5 shares some degree TDC homology. Therefore, they are considered as the putative CaTDCs until their activity is corroborated. The CaTDC4 and putative CaTDC5 are expressed in pepper fruit. The time-course analysis of these genes during fruit ripening (green immature, breaking point, and red ripe) showed that they were differentially expressed, i.e., CaTDC4 was upregulated, and putative CaTDC5 was downregulated. CaTDC4 was positively modulated by two light-responsive elements, Box4 and TCT-motif, while CaTDC5 was influenced by GT1-motif and G-Box. The protein sequence analysis also allowed identifying the Trp-substrate-binding pocket which is a characteristic of the TDC proteins. Exogenous NO (a signaling molecule) treatment triggered the downregulation of CaTDC4 but not putative CaTDC5. These data provide a novel insight on the potential functions involved in the secondary metabolism of TDCs in fleshy fruits. In the identified three new CaTDC genes, two (CaTDC4 and CaTDC5) expressed in pepper fruits are modulated by exogenous NO treatment during ripening.","PeriodicalId":18604,"journal":{"name":"Melatonin Research","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136035373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rhythms following a period of approximately 24 hours are called circadian (from Latin circa diem, approximately one day) rhythms. These rhythms are observed in the activities of various vital body functions. Melatonin is considered as an important molecule participating in the formation of circadian rhythms of virtually all organisms. As a molecular regulator of the circadian clock, melatonin has various regulatory functions in both physiological and pathological conditions. Sleep-wake cycle depends on CSF melatonin levels, and melatonin also has a protective effect on the disrupted sleep-wake cycle in various pathological conditions. Melatonin ensures the proper function of vital metabolic pathways; therefore, it improves metabolism-related systems and protects them from damage. A bidirectional relationship between hormonal activity and melatonin ensures it having a healing effect on various reproductive disorders. Finally, melatonin can target inflammation pathways and various elements of immune system by changing their behavior and structure. In summary, melatonin has important effects on vital body functions mediated by its receptors, signaling pathways and clock genes, and has the capacity to protect and improve these functions under pathological conditions.
{"title":"Effects of melatonin on the circadian functions of sleep-wake cycle, metabolism, hormonal regulation and immune activity: A recent review","authors":"Bugra Sarisozen, Feyza Sule Aslan, Enes Akyuz","doi":"10.32794/mr112500154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32794/mr112500154","url":null,"abstract":"Rhythms following a period of approximately 24 hours are called circadian (from Latin circa diem, approximately one day) rhythms. These rhythms are observed in the activities of various vital body functions. Melatonin is considered as an important molecule participating in the formation of circadian rhythms of virtually all organisms. As a molecular regulator of the circadian clock, melatonin has various regulatory functions in both physiological and pathological conditions. Sleep-wake cycle depends on CSF melatonin levels, and melatonin also has a protective effect on the disrupted sleep-wake cycle in various pathological conditions. Melatonin ensures the proper function of vital metabolic pathways; therefore, it improves metabolism-related systems and protects them from damage. A bidirectional relationship between hormonal activity and melatonin ensures it having a healing effect on various reproductive disorders. Finally, melatonin can target inflammation pathways and various elements of immune system by changing their behavior and structure. In summary, melatonin has important effects on vital body functions mediated by its receptors, signaling pathways and clock genes, and has the capacity to protect and improve these functions under pathological conditions.","PeriodicalId":18604,"journal":{"name":"Melatonin Research","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136035376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Joaquín Xavier Cogo Pagella, M. Hernando, C. Cervino
Exposure to constant light or darkness for long periods has diverse effects on circadian physiology. Iron (Fe) overloading promotes oxidative stress and causes alterations in cellular structure and function in animals and humans. The aim of this study is to evaluate the interactions among serum melatonin (ML), photoperiod manipulation, and Fe overloading in rats. The results showed that constant darkness exposure for 15 days significantly increased serum ML levels (up to 22%) while the constant light exposure failed to reduce the serum ML level compared to the normal light/dark cycle treated rats. The lost serum ML level usually from the pineal gland under the long term of constant light exposure may be compensated by ML generated by other organs which adapted to the situation. Also, Fe overloading decreased ML production due to this molecule being consumed to scavenge the free radicals induced by the Fe overloading. In addition, we observed interactions among constant light or darkness exposure, Fe overloading and serum ML level. Overall, our results support the hypothesis of ML as scavenging molecule; it may be an effective therapeutic tool in iron-induced oxidative stress.
{"title":"Effect of iron on rat serum melatonin levels under different light/dark cycle patterns","authors":"Joaquín Xavier Cogo Pagella, M. Hernando, C. Cervino","doi":"10.32794/mr112500146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32794/mr112500146","url":null,"abstract":"Exposure to constant light or darkness for long periods has diverse effects on circadian physiology. Iron (Fe) overloading promotes oxidative stress and causes alterations in cellular structure and function in animals and humans. The aim of this study is to evaluate the interactions among serum melatonin (ML), photoperiod manipulation, and Fe overloading in rats. The results showed that constant darkness exposure for 15 days significantly increased serum ML levels (up to 22%) while the constant light exposure failed to reduce the serum ML level compared to the normal light/dark cycle treated rats. The lost serum ML level usually from the pineal gland under the long term of constant light exposure may be compensated by ML generated by other organs which adapted to the situation. Also, Fe overloading decreased ML production due to this molecule being consumed to scavenge the free radicals induced by the Fe overloading. In addition, we observed interactions among constant light or darkness exposure, Fe overloading and serum ML level. Overall, our results support the hypothesis of ML as scavenging molecule; it may be an effective therapeutic tool in iron-induced oxidative stress.","PeriodicalId":18604,"journal":{"name":"Melatonin Research","volume":"113 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79409621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Melatonin from plants, also known as phytomelatonin, was discovered in 1995, and since then, affecting many areas of research related to plants. Thus, the number of publications on phytomelatonin has grown exponentially in recent years, especially in Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular studies. In this paper, we try to expose the great incidence that the detection of this neurohormone in plants is having, and its relevance in areas such as agronomy, genetics, human nutrition and food chemistry/technology, animal nutrition and other more specific fields of interest such as cosmetics and nutraceuticals.
{"title":"Research in Plant Melatonin: Original and Current Studies","authors":"M. B. Arnao, A. Cano, J. Hernández-Ruiz","doi":"10.32794/mr112500151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32794/mr112500151","url":null,"abstract":"Melatonin from plants, also known as phytomelatonin, was discovered in 1995, and since then, affecting many areas of research related to plants. Thus, the number of publications on phytomelatonin has grown exponentially in recent years, especially in Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular studies. In this paper, we try to expose the great incidence that the detection of this neurohormone in plants is having, and its relevance in areas such as agronomy, genetics, human nutrition and food chemistry/technology, animal nutrition and other more specific fields of interest such as cosmetics and nutraceuticals.","PeriodicalId":18604,"journal":{"name":"Melatonin Research","volume":"169 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73266309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dr. Russel J. Reiter was awarded his fifth honorary title by the National University of Cuyo, Argentina, for his exemplary contributions towards unraveling the mysteries of the pineal gland and, importantly, its major secretory product, melatonin. This commentary provides a glimpse of his accomplishments and a summary of his speech during the ceremony.
Russel J. Reiter博士被阿根廷库约国立大学授予第五个荣誉称号，以表彰他在解开松果体之谜方面做出的杰出贡献，更重要的是，解开了松果体的主要分泌产物褪黑素。这篇评论提供了他的成就的一瞥，并总结了他在典礼上的讲话。
{"title":"Melatonin: Its expanding universe","authors":"V. M. Martín Giménez, Rama Sharma, W. Manucha","doi":"10.32794/mr112500152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32794/mr112500152","url":null,"abstract":"Dr. Russel J. Reiter was awarded his fifth honorary title by the National University of Cuyo, Argentina, for his exemplary contributions towards unraveling the mysteries of the pineal gland and, importantly, its major secretory product, melatonin. This commentary provides a glimpse of his accomplishments and a summary of his speech during the ceremony.","PeriodicalId":18604,"journal":{"name":"Melatonin Research","volume":"126 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78152837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Souradipta Chakraborty, Swaimanti Sarkar, A. Chattopadhyay, D. Bandyopadhyay
Cancer is one of the most complicated and arduous diseases, causing immense physical and emotional tribulations in the life of patients. Carcinogens can lead to genetic mutations and cancer progression either by directly binding to DNA covalently, forming cross-links, or indirectly via the generation of oxidative stress and/or by other recondite mechanisms. Despite being the most widely used treatment, chemotherapy has several adverse consequences, including acute and/or chronic toxicities. Numerous studies have demonstrated melatonin being a potential anticancer molecule with multiple activities including prevention of the initiation, promotion, and progression of cancer. In addition to its role as a potent antioxidant, melatonin exhibits its cytostatic effects by arresting the mutated cell in the G0/G1 phase, preventing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and inciting the immune battle against tumours, possibly by dampening MMP activities. Melatonin inhibits the MAP-K/ERK and p38 pathways and regulates NF-ĸB-mediated inflammatory responses. Melatonin exerts its anti-angiogenic activity by curbing VEGF levels, while its anti-estrogenic activity by inhibiting the cellular uptake of linoleic acid (LA). In addition, melatonin reduces the toxicities of the chemotherapy while improving its effectiveness in cancer treatment. The purpose of this review is to assemble the knowledge available on melatonin’s oncostatic role and its protective effects against chemotherapy-induced toxicities. Further studies are needed to investigate the adjunctive role of melatonin with chemotherapy in the clinical setting and to corroborate its effectiveness in cancer cure.
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