Adrita Banerjee, A. Chattopadhyay, D. Bandyopadhyay
The alarming rise in diabetes throughout the world brings the scientist at the brink of finding a suitable compound that can impede glucotoxicity and insulin resistance involved development as well as progression of diabetes. Either devoid of insulin or resistance of cells to insulin brings forward the pancreatic tissue as the most vulnerably affected system. However, cardiac tissue, being the most exposed to circulation with high glucose content, is another target of hyperglycaemia. The remodelling of cardiac tissue in insulin resistant diabetic individuals includes cardiac hypertrophy along with misaligned diastolic and systolic functions. All these amendments cause declined cardiac contractility, the major indication of heart failure. The search for rationale behind such undesirable alterations put forward the involvement of altered cardiac metabolism in diabetes. Both carbohydrate and fatty acid metabolism have been found to be affected in diabetic individuals with declined glycolysis alongwith escalated lipolysis leading toward rise in fatty acid oxidation. Melatonin, with its antioxidative virtue prevents glucotoxicity induced excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation to afford protection to cellular systems. Nevertheless, the indole hinders ROS production by lowering both glucose and fatty acid accumulation through augmenting glycolysis along with diminishing lipolysis. Melatonin also expands its worth by keeping in order gluconeogenesis and glycogenesis pathways of metabolism in diabetic myocardium. The regulation of important metabolic pathways by melatonin in hyperglycaemic cardiac tissue assists the myocardium to maintain energy balance, the primary need for contractile behaviour. Hence, this review focuses on metabolic modulatory actions of melatonin in diabetic myocardium, which may encourage its usage as a saviour for diabetic cardiomyopathy.
{"title":"Prevention of diabetic cardiomyopathy through metabolic amendments of myocardium by melatonin: a role beyond antioxidative efficiency","authors":"Adrita Banerjee, A. Chattopadhyay, D. Bandyopadhyay","doi":"10.32794/mr112500125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32794/mr112500125","url":null,"abstract":"The alarming rise in diabetes throughout the world brings the scientist at the brink of finding a suitable compound that can impede glucotoxicity and insulin resistance involved development as well as progression of diabetes. Either devoid of insulin or resistance of cells to insulin brings forward the pancreatic tissue as the most vulnerably affected system. However, cardiac tissue, being the most exposed to circulation with high glucose content, is another target of hyperglycaemia. The remodelling of cardiac tissue in insulin resistant diabetic individuals includes cardiac hypertrophy along with misaligned diastolic and systolic functions. All these amendments cause declined cardiac contractility, the major indication of heart failure. The search for rationale behind such undesirable alterations put forward the involvement of altered cardiac metabolism in diabetes. Both carbohydrate and fatty acid metabolism have been found to be affected in diabetic individuals with declined glycolysis alongwith escalated lipolysis leading toward rise in fatty acid oxidation. Melatonin, with its antioxidative virtue prevents glucotoxicity induced excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation to afford protection to cellular systems. Nevertheless, the indole hinders ROS production by lowering both glucose and fatty acid accumulation through augmenting glycolysis along with diminishing lipolysis. Melatonin also expands its worth by keeping in order gluconeogenesis and glycogenesis pathways of metabolism in diabetic myocardium. The regulation of important metabolic pathways by melatonin in hyperglycaemic cardiac tissue assists the myocardium to maintain energy balance, the primary need for contractile behaviour. Hence, this review focuses on metabolic modulatory actions of melatonin in diabetic myocardium, which may encourage its usage as a saviour for diabetic cardiomyopathy.","PeriodicalId":18604,"journal":{"name":"Melatonin Research","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82426629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
W. M. T. Kuwabara, P. R. Gomes, Jéssica Andrade-Silva, J. S. Soares Júnior, F. Amaral, J. Cipolla-Neto
Melatonin, a phylogenic conserved molecule, presents in almost all living organisms and it is believed to be originated to protect the unicellular organisms from oxidative products which were emerged from aerobic respiration. Even with the acquisition of a variety of other functions along evolution, the crucial autocrine, paracrine and endocrine actions of melatonin in the regulation of cell biology were well preserved. The molecular mechanisms involved in the cell cycle that determine survival and death need to be tightly regulated. Changes in these mechanisms can trigger pathologies that compromise the entire balance of the body. In this context, melatonin acts on cellular homeostasis by regulating the main molecular mechanisms that sustain life and control death, such as synthesis and degradation of protein, energy supply and pathways which trigger death to remove the defective cell or any microorganism from the tissues. Thus, this review aims to briefly present the action mechanisms of melatonin, in addition to discussing its fundamental role in cellular processes such as synthesis and degradation of protein, mitochondrial function and cell death control.
{"title":"Melatonin and its ubiquitous effects on cell function and survival: A review","authors":"W. M. T. Kuwabara, P. R. Gomes, Jéssica Andrade-Silva, J. S. Soares Júnior, F. Amaral, J. Cipolla-Neto","doi":"10.32794/mr112500129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32794/mr112500129","url":null,"abstract":"Melatonin, a phylogenic conserved molecule, presents in almost all living organisms and it is believed to be originated to protect the unicellular organisms from oxidative products which were emerged from aerobic respiration. Even with the acquisition of a variety of other functions along evolution, the crucial autocrine, paracrine and endocrine actions of melatonin in the regulation of cell biology were well preserved. The molecular mechanisms involved in the cell cycle that determine survival and death need to be tightly regulated. Changes in these mechanisms can trigger pathologies that compromise the entire balance of the body. In this context, melatonin acts on cellular homeostasis by regulating the main molecular mechanisms that sustain life and control death, such as synthesis and degradation of protein, energy supply and pathways which trigger death to remove the defective cell or any microorganism from the tissues. Thus, this review aims to briefly present the action mechanisms of melatonin, in addition to discussing its fundamental role in cellular processes such as synthesis and degradation of protein, mitochondrial function and cell death control.","PeriodicalId":18604,"journal":{"name":"Melatonin Research","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79319029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Wongchitrat, Montri Yasawong, Watthanachai Jumpathong, T. Chanmanee, Arisara Samutpong, W. Dangsakul, P. Govitrapong, R. Reiter, P. Puthavathana
Zika virus (ZIKV) is an emerging flavivirus that is causing significant public health concerns worldwide because of its association with severe neurological disorders in both newborns and adults. At present, the search for effective antiviral drugs for ZIKV infection is intense. Melatonin is a molecule that influences a wide variety of physiological processes. Melatonin is a direct free radical scavenger, an indirect antioxidant due to its stimulation of antioxidant enzymes and an anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory molecule; recent studies also have shown melatonin to have anti-viral activity. Here, we are the first to show that melatonin inhibits ZIKV replication in both Vero cells and SK-N-SH cells. The suppressive actions of melatonin pretreatment on ZIKV infection was found to be time- and dose-dependent. The inhibitory effect of melatonin was more pronounced in human SK-N-SH neural cells than in Vero cells. Molecular docking experiments showed that melatonin exhibited high binding affinity to ZIKV nonstructural 3 (NS3) protein, the possible underlying inhibitory mechanism of melatonin on ZIKV replication. The results suggest that melatonin may have potential prophylactic and treatment effects against ZIKV infection.
{"title":"Melatonin inhibits Zika virus replication in Vero epithelial cells and SK-N-SH human neuroblastoma cells","authors":"P. Wongchitrat, Montri Yasawong, Watthanachai Jumpathong, T. Chanmanee, Arisara Samutpong, W. Dangsakul, P. Govitrapong, R. Reiter, P. Puthavathana","doi":"10.32794/mr112500127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32794/mr112500127","url":null,"abstract":"Zika virus (ZIKV) is an emerging flavivirus that is causing significant public health concerns worldwide because of its association with severe neurological disorders in both newborns and adults. At present, the search for effective antiviral drugs for ZIKV infection is intense. Melatonin is a molecule that influences a wide variety of physiological processes. Melatonin is a direct free radical scavenger, an indirect antioxidant due to its stimulation of antioxidant enzymes and an anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory molecule; recent studies also have shown melatonin to have anti-viral activity. Here, we are the first to show that melatonin inhibits ZIKV replication in both Vero cells and SK-N-SH cells. The suppressive actions of melatonin pretreatment on ZIKV infection was found to be time- and dose-dependent. The inhibitory effect of melatonin was more pronounced in human SK-N-SH neural cells than in Vero cells. Molecular docking experiments showed that melatonin exhibited high binding affinity to ZIKV nonstructural 3 (NS3) protein, the possible underlying inhibitory mechanism of melatonin on ZIKV replication. The results suggest that melatonin may have potential prophylactic and treatment effects against ZIKV infection.","PeriodicalId":18604,"journal":{"name":"Melatonin Research","volume":"103 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79200394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Han‐Tan Chai, Jui-Ning Yeh, P. Sung, J. Chiang, F. Lee, H. Yip
In this study we have examined whether hyperbaric oxygen (HBO)-assisted melatonin (Mel) therapy effectively preserves the heart function against ischemia (40-min)-reperfusion (IR) injury. First, the in vitro study has been performed by use of cell culture. H9C2 cells were treated as groups: A (H9C2) (without any treatment), B (H9C2+IR), C (H9C2+IR+HBO), D [H9C2+IR+Melatonin (50 µM)] and E (H9C2+IR+Melatonin+HBO). The result showed that the protein expressions of oxidative-stress (NOX-1/NOX-2)/inflammatory (TNF-α/NF-κB)/apoptotic (mitochondrial-Bax/cleaved-caspase-3/cleaved-PARP) and cellular levels of DNA/mitochondrial-damaged (γ-H2AX/XRCC1-CD90+/cytosolic-cytochrome-C) biomarker were significantly increased in group B compared to control group A. These biomarkers were significantly reduced in group C, D and E compared to groups B with the significantly higher reduction in group E than that in groups C and D (p<0.001). In the in vivo study, adult-male SD rats (n=40) were equally divided into group 1 (sham-operated-control), group 2 (IR), group 3 (IR+HBO therapy at 1.5/24/48h after IR procedure), group 4 [IR+Mel (50mg/kg at 1.5h, followed by 20mg/kg and at days 1/2/3 after IR)] and group 5 (IR+HBO-Mel) and the heart was harvested at 72h after IR. The result showed that at 72h, the circulating levels of endothelial-progenitor-cells (c-kit-CD31+/CD31-sca-1+/KDR-CD34+/VE-Cadherin-CD34+) were lowest in group 2, highest in group 5 and followed by groups 3 > 4 >1. The significant differences were present between each two matched groups (p<0.0001). The protein expressions of angiogenic factors (SDF-1α/CXCR4/VEGF/HIF-α) were progressively increased from groups 1 to 5 with significant differences. The protein expressions of apoptosis (mitochondrial-Bax/cleaved-caspase-3/cleaved-PARP)/fibrosis (TGF-ß/Smad3)/oxidative-stress (NOX-1/NOX-2/oxidized protein)/inflammation (TNF-α/IL-1ß/MMP-9) and infarct/fibrotic areas were significantly increased in group 2 compared to the control group 1. All these parameters were significantly reduced in groups 3-5 compared to group 2 with significantly lowest level in group 5 among groups 3-5 (p < 0.01), whereas the left-ventricular-ejection-fraction exhibited an opposite pattern compared to the inflammatory factors. In conclusion, HBO-Mel therapy offered a synergic benefit for protecting the heart from IR injury.
{"title":"Hyperbaric oxygen-assisted melatonin therapy protects the heart from acute ischemia-reperfusion injury","authors":"Han‐Tan Chai, Jui-Ning Yeh, P. Sung, J. Chiang, F. Lee, H. Yip","doi":"10.32794/mr112500124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32794/mr112500124","url":null,"abstract":"In this study we have examined whether hyperbaric oxygen (HBO)-assisted melatonin (Mel) therapy effectively preserves the heart function against ischemia (40-min)-reperfusion (IR) injury. First, the in vitro study has been performed by use of cell culture. H9C2 cells were treated as groups: A (H9C2) (without any treatment), B (H9C2+IR), C (H9C2+IR+HBO), D [H9C2+IR+Melatonin (50 µM)] and E (H9C2+IR+Melatonin+HBO). The result showed that the protein expressions of oxidative-stress (NOX-1/NOX-2)/inflammatory (TNF-α/NF-κB)/apoptotic (mitochondrial-Bax/cleaved-caspase-3/cleaved-PARP) and cellular levels of DNA/mitochondrial-damaged (γ-H2AX/XRCC1-CD90+/cytosolic-cytochrome-C) biomarker were significantly increased in group B compared to control group A. These biomarkers were significantly reduced in group C, D and E compared to groups B with the significantly higher reduction in group E than that in groups C and D (p<0.001). In the in vivo study, adult-male SD rats (n=40) were equally divided into group 1 (sham-operated-control), group 2 (IR), group 3 (IR+HBO therapy at 1.5/24/48h after IR procedure), group 4 [IR+Mel (50mg/kg at 1.5h, followed by 20mg/kg and at days 1/2/3 after IR)] and group 5 (IR+HBO-Mel) and the heart was harvested at 72h after IR. The result showed that at 72h, the circulating levels of endothelial-progenitor-cells (c-kit-CD31+/CD31-sca-1+/KDR-CD34+/VE-Cadherin-CD34+) were lowest in group 2, highest in group 5 and followed by groups 3 > 4 >1. The significant differences were present between each two matched groups (p<0.0001). The protein expressions of angiogenic factors (SDF-1α/CXCR4/VEGF/HIF-α) were progressively increased from groups 1 to 5 with significant differences. The protein expressions of apoptosis (mitochondrial-Bax/cleaved-caspase-3/cleaved-PARP)/fibrosis (TGF-ß/Smad3)/oxidative-stress (NOX-1/NOX-2/oxidized protein)/inflammation (TNF-α/IL-1ß/MMP-9) and infarct/fibrotic areas were significantly increased in group 2 compared to the control group 1. All these parameters were significantly reduced in groups 3-5 compared to group 2 with significantly lowest level in group 5 among groups 3-5 (p < 0.01), whereas the left-ventricular-ejection-fraction exhibited an opposite pattern compared to the inflammatory factors. In conclusion, HBO-Mel therapy offered a synergic benefit for protecting the heart from IR injury. ","PeriodicalId":18604,"journal":{"name":"Melatonin Research","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87268589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This commentary explores the leading edge of current understanding of the potential interactions associated with melatonin and the regulation of membraneless organelles (MLOs) formed via liquid‐liquid phase separation (LLPS) presented in recently published hypothetical reviews. As the scientific community increasingly recognizes the relevance of biomolecular condensates as fundamental organizers and propellers of cellular biochemistry, and that LLPS may be the quintessential process that provides insight into elusive physiological and pathological cellular conditions, the ancient role of melatonin in this new and exciting framework of cellular biology must be fully realized to its maximum potential.
{"title":"Melatonin and phase separation: potential interactions and significance","authors":"D. Loh, R. Reiter","doi":"10.32794/mr112500128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32794/mr112500128","url":null,"abstract":"This commentary explores the leading edge of current understanding of the potential interactions associated with melatonin and the regulation of membraneless organelles (MLOs) formed via liquid‐liquid phase separation (LLPS) presented in recently published hypothetical reviews. As the scientific community increasingly recognizes the relevance of biomolecular condensates as fundamental organizers and propellers of cellular biochemistry, and that LLPS may be the quintessential process that provides insight into elusive physiological and pathological cellular conditions, the ancient role of melatonin in this new and exciting framework of cellular biology must be fully realized to its maximum potential.","PeriodicalId":18604,"journal":{"name":"Melatonin Research","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80164304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rute Isabel Honorio, B. K. Dias, Jude M. Przyborski, Célia Regina da Silva Garcia
Throughout the evolutionary process, parasites have acquired characteristics that function as survival mechanisms. It has been reported that melatonin, a molecule present in virtually all living organisms, has several roles in parasite biology such as preventing tissue damage, regulating gene expression and inflammatory processes, and acting as a free radical scavenger. Additionally, melatonin produced by the hosts accelerates the intra-erythrocytic cycle of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum and the rodent malaria parasite P. chabaudi, respectively. These findings have recently led to an increased research enthusiasm to find how melatonin influences the biological cycle of parasites. Therefore, this review aims to gather and analyze the potential relationships of host produced melatonin with the parasites Plasmodium sp., Trypanosoma cruzi, Leishmania spp., Toxoplasma gondii, Schistosoma mansoni, Opisthorchis viverrini, and Entamoeba histolytica, respectively.
{"title":"Melatonin as a microenvironmental cue for parasite development inside the host","authors":"Rute Isabel Honorio, B. K. Dias, Jude M. Przyborski, Célia Regina da Silva Garcia","doi":"10.32794/mr112500122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32794/mr112500122","url":null,"abstract":"Throughout the evolutionary process, parasites have \u0000acquired characteristics that function as survival mechanisms. It has been \u0000reported that melatonin, a molecule present in virtually all living organisms, \u0000has several roles in parasite biology such as preventing tissue damage, \u0000regulating gene expression and inflammatory processes, and acting as a free \u0000radical scavenger. Additionally, \u0000melatonin produced by the hosts accelerates the intra-erythrocytic cycle of the \u0000human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum and the rodent malaria \u0000parasite P. chabaudi, respectively. These findings have recently led to \u0000an increased research enthusiasm to find how melatonin influences the \u0000biological cycle of parasites. Therefore, this review aims to gather and \u0000analyze the potential relationships of host produced melatonin with the \u0000parasites Plasmodium sp., Trypanosoma cruzi, Leishmania \u0000spp., Toxoplasma gondii, Schistosoma mansoni, Opisthorchis viverrini, and Entamoeba \u0000histolytica, respectively.","PeriodicalId":18604,"journal":{"name":"Melatonin Research","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90863316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. A. Coelho, P. R. Gomes, J. H. Scialfa, C. Maganhin, J. Soares Jr, F. Amaral, R. Reiter, J. Cipolla-Neto
The effects of pinealectomy and melatonin replacement therapy on the mRNA expression of melatonin (Mt1, Mt2 and Rora), steroidogenic (Era - Estrogen a, Erb - Estrogen b, Ar - Androgen, Pgr - Progesterone, Lhr - LH and Oxr - Oxytocin receptors) -related receptors and melatonin-synthetic enzyme genes (Tph1, Asmt and Aanat) in oviduct and uterus of Wistar rats were studied. Tissues were collected from sham-pinealectomized (Control), pinealectomized (Pinx) and Pinx plus melatonin- supplemented (Pinx-Mel) females during the estrus stage of both the light (ZT6) and dark (ZT18) phases of the light-dark cycle. In oviduct, Pinx altered the mRNA expression of Mt1, Mt2, Rora, Era, Pgr, Oxr, Asmt and Aanat genes. In uterus, Pinx altered the mRNA expression of Mt1, Mt2, Rora, Lhr, Pgr, Oxr and Tph1 genes. Melatonin treatment partially or completely restored the Mt2, Rora, Era, Oxr, Asmt and Aanat mRNA expressions in oviduct and the Mt1, Mt2 and Rora mRNA expressions in uterus. These alterations varied according to the phase of light-dark cycle. The results suggest that pineal melatonin regulates the daily mRNA expression of melatonin and steroidogenic-related receptors in the rat oviduct and uterus during the estrus stage of estrous cycle. Melatonin also regulates the daily mRNA expression of Asmt and Aanat in oviduct and Tph1 in uterus.
{"title":"Pineal melatonin deprivation alters the mRNA expression of melatonin and steroidogenic-related receptor genes in rat oviduct and uterus during the estrus stage of estrous cycle","authors":"L. A. Coelho, P. R. Gomes, J. H. Scialfa, C. Maganhin, J. Soares Jr, F. Amaral, R. Reiter, J. Cipolla-Neto","doi":"10.32794/mr112500121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32794/mr112500121","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of pinealectomy and melatonin replacement therapy on the mRNA expression of melatonin (Mt1, Mt2 and Rora), steroidogenic (Era - Estrogen a, Erb - Estrogen b, Ar - Androgen, Pgr - Progesterone, Lhr - LH and Oxr - Oxytocin receptors) -related receptors and melatonin-synthetic enzyme genes (Tph1, Asmt and Aanat) in oviduct and uterus of Wistar rats were studied. Tissues were collected from sham-pinealectomized (Control), pinealectomized (Pinx) and Pinx plus melatonin- supplemented (Pinx-Mel) females during the estrus stage of both the light (ZT6) and dark (ZT18) phases of the light-dark cycle. In oviduct, Pinx altered the mRNA expression of Mt1, Mt2, Rora, Era, Pgr, Oxr, Asmt and Aanat genes. In uterus, Pinx altered the mRNA expression of Mt1, Mt2, Rora, Lhr, Pgr, Oxr and Tph1 genes. Melatonin treatment partially or completely restored the Mt2, Rora, Era, Oxr, Asmt and Aanat mRNA expressions in oviduct and the Mt1, Mt2 and Rora mRNA expressions in uterus. These alterations varied according to the phase of light-dark cycle. The results suggest that pineal melatonin regulates the daily mRNA expression of melatonin and steroidogenic-related receptors in the rat oviduct and uterus during the estrus stage of estrous cycle. Melatonin also regulates the daily mRNA expression of Asmt and Aanat in oviduct and Tph1 in uterus.","PeriodicalId":18604,"journal":{"name":"Melatonin Research","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78186965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Majumder, M. Datta, Swaimanti Sarkar, A. Chattopadhyay, D. Bandyopadhyay
The marked drop in the frequency of Helicobacter pylori infection resulting from the use of antibiotics and potent anti-acid medications has substantially lowered the prevalence of peptic ulcer disease in recent decades. Management of this condition, however, is challenging because of the escalating perils of antibiotic resistance and the abuse of anti-inflammatory drugs. For example, the increased prevalence of cholangiocarcinomas may associate with this peptic ulcer disease management including the prolonged use of proton pump inhibitors. Cholangiocarcinoma is one of the most lethal cancers and accounts for almost 15% of all hepatic malignancies. This review provides a concise summary of the latest findings in the pathogenetic mechanisms of cholangiocarcinoma, essentially focusing on peptic ulcer disease and its associated therapies. We also suggest interventions that may reduce Helicobacter pylori infection and peptic ulcers with the bacteriostatic agent, melatonin. Melatonin treatment may reduce the incidence of this devastating cancer or improve the outcome of individuals that develop this disease.
{"title":"The bacteriostatic property of melatonin targets peptic ulcer disease and cholangiocarcinoma","authors":"R. Majumder, M. Datta, Swaimanti Sarkar, A. Chattopadhyay, D. Bandyopadhyay","doi":"10.32794/mr112500116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32794/mr112500116","url":null,"abstract":"The marked drop in the frequency of Helicobacter pylori infection resulting from the use of antibiotics and potent anti-acid medications has substantially lowered the prevalence of peptic ulcer disease in recent decades. Management of this condition, however, is challenging because of the escalating perils of antibiotic resistance and the abuse of anti-inflammatory drugs. For example, the increased prevalence of cholangiocarcinomas may associate with this peptic ulcer disease management including the prolonged use of proton pump inhibitors. Cholangiocarcinoma is one of the most lethal cancers and accounts for almost 15% of all hepatic malignancies. This review provides a concise summary of the latest findings in the pathogenetic mechanisms of cholangiocarcinoma, essentially focusing on peptic ulcer disease and its associated therapies. We also suggest interventions that may reduce Helicobacter pylori infection and peptic ulcers with the bacteriostatic agent, melatonin. Melatonin treatment may reduce the incidence of this devastating cancer or improve the outcome of individuals that develop this disease.","PeriodicalId":18604,"journal":{"name":"Melatonin Research","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86345371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. S. Souza, Adriessa A Santos, Edson ED Ribeiro-Paz, Marlina O Córdoba-Moreno, Isabela L. Trevisan, W. Caldeira, S. Muxel, Kassiano DS Sousa, R. Markus
Microglia, the sentinels of the central nervous system, are responsible for the surveillance and the innate defense against pathogen or danger/damage-associated molecular patterns. The response is fine-tuned to restrain pro-inflammatory responses, preserving neighboring cells. At the injured area, microglia temporarily shift to a pro-inflammatory phenotype (M1), followed by anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotypes. The duration and magnitude of the pro-inflammatory phase are finely regulated to avoid unnecessary loss of brain tissue. The present study shows that melatonin synthesized by microglia plays a key role in the transformation of M1 to M2 phenotypes. In a mixed rat cerebellar glia culture, the percentage of activated microglia did not vary significantly with the treatments, while the role of melatonin synthesized by microglia in promoting the end of the pro-inflammatory phase, and the initiation of the regulatory/phagocytic phases was inferred by using pharmacological tools. Total microglia were identified by the expression of CD11b/c, whereas positive to IBA-1 microglia were considered activated, independent of the phenotype. M1 and M2 phenotypes were distinguished with the biomarkers NOS-2 and ARG-1, as these enzymes act on the same substrate (L-arginine), producing pro-inflammatory (NO) or anti-inflammatory (polyamines and proline) end products, respectively. Luzindole, a blocker of melatonin receptors, impaired the conversion of M1 to M2 phenotypes and zymosan phagocytosis. Thus, melatonin content synthesized by cerebellar microglia determines the extension of the pro-inflammatory phase of defense response.
{"title":"Melatonin synthesized by activated microglia orchestrates the progression of microglia from a pro-inflammatory to a recovery/repair phenotype","authors":"E. S. Souza, Adriessa A Santos, Edson ED Ribeiro-Paz, Marlina O Córdoba-Moreno, Isabela L. Trevisan, W. Caldeira, S. Muxel, Kassiano DS Sousa, R. Markus","doi":"10.32794/mr112500120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32794/mr112500120","url":null,"abstract":"Microglia, the sentinels of the central nervous system, are responsible for the surveillance and the innate defense against pathogen or danger/damage-associated molecular patterns. The response is fine-tuned to restrain pro-inflammatory responses, preserving neighboring cells. At the injured area, microglia temporarily shift to a pro-inflammatory phenotype (M1), followed by anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotypes. The duration and magnitude of the pro-inflammatory phase are finely regulated to avoid unnecessary loss of brain tissue. The present study shows that melatonin synthesized by microglia plays a key role in the transformation of M1 to M2 phenotypes. In a mixed rat cerebellar glia culture, the percentage of activated microglia did not vary significantly with the treatments, while the role of melatonin synthesized by microglia in promoting the end of the pro-inflammatory phase, and the initiation of the regulatory/phagocytic phases was inferred by using pharmacological tools. Total microglia were identified by the expression of CD11b/c, whereas positive to IBA-1 microglia were considered activated, independent of the phenotype. M1 and M2 phenotypes were distinguished with the biomarkers NOS-2 and ARG-1, as these enzymes act on the same substrate (L-arginine), producing pro-inflammatory (NO) or anti-inflammatory (polyamines and proline) end products, respectively. Luzindole, a blocker of melatonin receptors, impaired the conversion of M1 to M2 phenotypes and zymosan phagocytosis. Thus, melatonin content synthesized by cerebellar microglia determines the extension of the pro-inflammatory phase of defense response.","PeriodicalId":18604,"journal":{"name":"Melatonin Research","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86405739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This commentary summarizes and highlights the recent research reports of the group headed by Professor Wenkai Ren. Their research has been focused in two important investigative areas, namely, the role of melatonin in the regulation of macrophage polarization and the functional implications of melatonin for the gastrointestinal microbiota. Both these subjects are of high interest to melatonin biologists since both have significant implications in clinical and veterinary medicine.
{"title":"Melatonin, macrophages and microbiota: Interactions","authors":"R. Reiter","doi":"10.32794/mr112500119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32794/mr112500119","url":null,"abstract":"This commentary summarizes and highlights the recent research reports of the group headed by Professor Wenkai Ren. Their research has been focused in two important investigative areas, namely, the role of melatonin in the regulation of macrophage polarization and the functional implications of melatonin for the gastrointestinal microbiota. Both these subjects are of high interest to melatonin biologists since both have significant implications in clinical and veterinary medicine.","PeriodicalId":18604,"journal":{"name":"Melatonin Research","volume":"89 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88476191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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