Sandu Cristian, Bibirica T. Catalin, E. Vasile, M. Iordache
This paper describes the research made in order to realize a wireless energy transfer system used for mobile phones using electrically separated circuits. To carry out this study we used different types for wireless power transfer circuits: the first circuit works at a frequency of 128 kHz and the second circuit works at a frequency of 1.7 MHz. All circuits were made with an electronic software design program and after that the circuits were physically created. The inductors used in these circuits were created from different materials and are of different types.
{"title":"Current study, design and construction of a wireless energy transfer system for mobile devices","authors":"Sandu Cristian, Bibirica T. Catalin, E. Vasile, M. Iordache","doi":"10.1109/EV.2017.8242102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EV.2017.8242102","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the research made in order to realize a wireless energy transfer system used for mobile phones using electrically separated circuits. To carry out this study we used different types for wireless power transfer circuits: the first circuit works at a frequency of 128 kHz and the second circuit works at a frequency of 1.7 MHz. All circuits were made with an electronic software design program and after that the circuits were physically created. The inductors used in these circuits were created from different materials and are of different types.","PeriodicalId":186248,"journal":{"name":"2017 Electric Vehicles International Conference (EV)","volume":"772 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123010163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The local, regional or global problems created by chemical, physical, noise, microbiological and, not least, electromagnetic environmental pollution are particularly complex. Due to their diverse nature, chemicals are indispensable to areas of great importance such as transport, agriculture, industry, etc. Chemistry and state-of-the-art technology can make our lives more comfortable but not better in terms of health. Pollutants released into the environment during combustion (SO2, NOx, PM 10, CO2, heavy metals) can affect all the components of the environment, the life of the animal, plant, and of man. Removing coal from the energy mix is a solution that would bring enormous benefits to people's health. The paper presents an assessment of the harmful emissions produced by coal-fired power plants and those produced by urban transport. Thus, an intercomparison of the level of concentrations of these harmful emissions from industrial sectors — energy and transport, the degree of dispersion of these harmful emissions in delimited areas as well as the noxious effects is a picture of the risk associated with the manufacture and use of chemicals, which may be diminished by using “green chemistry” processes and technologies. This pathway is one of the important alternatives to the sustainable development of the world in conditions of population growth without sacrificing the quality of the environment.
{"title":"Urban ecological transport — A priority of the human society in crowded urban centers","authors":"A. Borş, C. Balaceanu, I. Lingvay","doi":"10.1109/EV.2017.8242107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EV.2017.8242107","url":null,"abstract":"The local, regional or global problems created by chemical, physical, noise, microbiological and, not least, electromagnetic environmental pollution are particularly complex. Due to their diverse nature, chemicals are indispensable to areas of great importance such as transport, agriculture, industry, etc. Chemistry and state-of-the-art technology can make our lives more comfortable but not better in terms of health. Pollutants released into the environment during combustion (SO2, NOx, PM 10, CO2, heavy metals) can affect all the components of the environment, the life of the animal, plant, and of man. Removing coal from the energy mix is a solution that would bring enormous benefits to people's health. The paper presents an assessment of the harmful emissions produced by coal-fired power plants and those produced by urban transport. Thus, an intercomparison of the level of concentrations of these harmful emissions from industrial sectors — energy and transport, the degree of dispersion of these harmful emissions in delimited areas as well as the noxious effects is a picture of the risk associated with the manufacture and use of chemicals, which may be diminished by using “green chemistry” processes and technologies. This pathway is one of the important alternatives to the sustainable development of the world in conditions of population growth without sacrificing the quality of the environment.","PeriodicalId":186248,"journal":{"name":"2017 Electric Vehicles International Conference (EV)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129003946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper an optimal strategy for electric vehicle (EV) charging is proposed to achieve the best network operating conditions, with the help of battery energy storage systems (BESS), while integrating photovoltaic power plants (PV). The electric vehicles can both participate in demand response (DR) and serve as energy storage facilities. They can respond to DR signals, such as price variations or direct control messages by modulating their power consumption, thus providing necessary flexibility to the grid operator. The simulations are performed on a test network, and the mathematical model has been implemented in Microsoft's CPLEX tool. The results have shown that in order to cope with the challenges generated by a large number of EVs, coordination of the EV charging not only reduces the difference between the peak and valley of the load demand, but also generates a number of favorable factors and improving the network operation.
{"title":"Promoting battery energy storage systems to support electric vehicle charging strategies in smart grids","authors":"A. Radu, M. Eremia, L. Toma","doi":"10.1109/EV.2017.8242092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EV.2017.8242092","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper an optimal strategy for electric vehicle (EV) charging is proposed to achieve the best network operating conditions, with the help of battery energy storage systems (BESS), while integrating photovoltaic power plants (PV). The electric vehicles can both participate in demand response (DR) and serve as energy storage facilities. They can respond to DR signals, such as price variations or direct control messages by modulating their power consumption, thus providing necessary flexibility to the grid operator. The simulations are performed on a test network, and the mathematical model has been implemented in Microsoft's CPLEX tool. The results have shown that in order to cope with the challenges generated by a large number of EVs, coordination of the EV charging not only reduces the difference between the peak and valley of the load demand, but also generates a number of favorable factors and improving the network operation.","PeriodicalId":186248,"journal":{"name":"2017 Electric Vehicles International Conference (EV)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124707141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper shows the development followed for three different structures of urban light electric vehicles. The first one is based in a Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic (CFRP) structure, the second one is a multi-material solution including aluminum, magnesium and structural thermoplastic joined by electromagnetic forces and the third one is based on the use of advanced high strength steel. For the three vehicles the design criteria has been to fulfill the frontal and lateral crash tests required for conventional vehicles (M1 category): the ones included in the regulation and the ones made by Euro NCAP.
{"title":"Lightweighting and passive safety for urban electric vehicle","authors":"J. Romo, E. Cañibano, J. Merino","doi":"10.1109/EV.2017.8242113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EV.2017.8242113","url":null,"abstract":"This paper shows the development followed for three different structures of urban light electric vehicles. The first one is based in a Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic (CFRP) structure, the second one is a multi-material solution including aluminum, magnesium and structural thermoplastic joined by electromagnetic forces and the third one is based on the use of advanced high strength steel. For the three vehicles the design criteria has been to fulfill the frontal and lateral crash tests required for conventional vehicles (M1 category): the ones included in the regulation and the ones made by Euro NCAP.","PeriodicalId":186248,"journal":{"name":"2017 Electric Vehicles International Conference (EV)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130654067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Dragomir, Alina Oroşanu, Andrei Rosu, A. Ionescu, M. Iordache
Most of statistics currently show that almost every year a considerable number of accidents are happening due to weather conditions, and with a rate of nearly 78% [1] of them are due to the reflection of sunlight. The motivation of the paper is given by the desire to greatly reduce this percentage by providing assistance to the driver by keeping the conditions for optimum visibility both day and night [2]. This electronic system presented in the current article could be a standard feature in ADAS (Advanced Driver-Assistance Systems) in a few years due to integration of several systems that are already present in cars. The system is composed of four distinct entities: a high intensity light source position detection camera which detects any glare or sun reflexions through the windshield, an eye position detection camera that indicates the spot where the windshield must be shaded, the calculation module that contains the algorithms and commands which uses the inputs and generates the response of the system and the liquid crystal display which is the final user for the output and shades out the glares and reflexions. The present paper contains an overview of the system.
{"title":"Dynamic windshield sun shade assistance","authors":"A. Dragomir, Alina Oroşanu, Andrei Rosu, A. Ionescu, M. Iordache","doi":"10.1109/EV.2017.8242109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EV.2017.8242109","url":null,"abstract":"Most of statistics currently show that almost every year a considerable number of accidents are happening due to weather conditions, and with a rate of nearly 78% [1] of them are due to the reflection of sunlight. The motivation of the paper is given by the desire to greatly reduce this percentage by providing assistance to the driver by keeping the conditions for optimum visibility both day and night [2]. This electronic system presented in the current article could be a standard feature in ADAS (Advanced Driver-Assistance Systems) in a few years due to integration of several systems that are already present in cars. The system is composed of four distinct entities: a high intensity light source position detection camera which detects any glare or sun reflexions through the windshield, an eye position detection camera that indicates the spot where the windshield must be shaded, the calculation module that contains the algorithms and commands which uses the inputs and generates the response of the system and the liquid crystal display which is the final user for the output and shades out the glares and reflexions. The present paper contains an overview of the system.","PeriodicalId":186248,"journal":{"name":"2017 Electric Vehicles International Conference (EV)","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125651088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Kampker, H. Heimes, Christoph Lienemann, Daniel Grauel, Martyn Jones
With a rapid growth in the lithium-ion battery technology, particularly in the automotive sector, remanufacturing concepts to ensure maximum efficiency levels may be seen as an attractive option. Such a process does not currently exist and the opportunity to undercut cost-intensive batteries and support green credentials is one which the market is now ready for, namely, an alternative to buying new. A feasible remanufacturing concept can further reduce the current total cost of ownership with an adequate solution under consideration of the current amount of battery pack returners. With this in mind, this research provides a transparent remanufacturing architecture, which can handle a capacity of 5,000 up to 20,000 battery packs per year, depending on the selected degree of automation, manual, hybrid or fully automated. Furthermore, different tools from a factory planning structures will be applied on purpose of an industrial feasible concept. In addition, the assessment considers diverse scenarios of the battery module reusability to ensure a realistic forecast. Consequently, the potential for this outlined concept will compete for an increasing sector of a global market, which is expected to rise to 1.3 billion cars by 2030 and there is a growing interest in electric vehicles. Therefore, any innovations in battery production (and which will include the concept of remanufacturing) have the opportunity to challenge existing business models of practice while further reducing costs for the future customer of tomorrow.
{"title":"Development of a novel remanufacturing architecture for lithium-ion battery packs","authors":"A. Kampker, H. Heimes, Christoph Lienemann, Daniel Grauel, Martyn Jones","doi":"10.1109/EV.2017.8242090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EV.2017.8242090","url":null,"abstract":"With a rapid growth in the lithium-ion battery technology, particularly in the automotive sector, remanufacturing concepts to ensure maximum efficiency levels may be seen as an attractive option. Such a process does not currently exist and the opportunity to undercut cost-intensive batteries and support green credentials is one which the market is now ready for, namely, an alternative to buying new. A feasible remanufacturing concept can further reduce the current total cost of ownership with an adequate solution under consideration of the current amount of battery pack returners. With this in mind, this research provides a transparent remanufacturing architecture, which can handle a capacity of 5,000 up to 20,000 battery packs per year, depending on the selected degree of automation, manual, hybrid or fully automated. Furthermore, different tools from a factory planning structures will be applied on purpose of an industrial feasible concept. In addition, the assessment considers diverse scenarios of the battery module reusability to ensure a realistic forecast. Consequently, the potential for this outlined concept will compete for an increasing sector of a global market, which is expected to rise to 1.3 billion cars by 2030 and there is a growing interest in electric vehicles. Therefore, any innovations in battery production (and which will include the concept of remanufacturing) have the opportunity to challenge existing business models of practice while further reducing costs for the future customer of tomorrow.","PeriodicalId":186248,"journal":{"name":"2017 Electric Vehicles International Conference (EV)","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132695740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Smart grid is a recent term, which refers to control and optimization of the electrical network. Smart grid comprises different elements: power generating stations, high voltage transmission lines and other type of lines. Development in this field is an ongoing domain, in a continuous evolution. This article outlines the importance of control systems for computer-aided design. The concept of control system architecture is also detailed. Discussion about design stage is present. Because of term complexity, numerous domains are use in description. Various points of view are use to describe details of system management. A software used to control energy parameters in wind farms is also present.
{"title":"Smart grid developments in system engineering","authors":"O. Tabara","doi":"10.1109/EV.2017.8242093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EV.2017.8242093","url":null,"abstract":"Smart grid is a recent term, which refers to control and optimization of the electrical network. Smart grid comprises different elements: power generating stations, high voltage transmission lines and other type of lines. Development in this field is an ongoing domain, in a continuous evolution. This article outlines the importance of control systems for computer-aided design. The concept of control system architecture is also detailed. Discussion about design stage is present. Because of term complexity, numerous domains are use in description. Various points of view are use to describe details of system management. A software used to control energy parameters in wind farms is also present.","PeriodicalId":186248,"journal":{"name":"2017 Electric Vehicles International Conference (EV)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128931137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Păltânea, G. Păltânea, H. Gavrilă, I. Nemoianu, P. Andrei
Nowadays electrical machines are the most important electricity consumer, because they are responsible for 70% of industrial demand. The improvement of the electrical machines' energy efficiency can be done among other methods, by using high quality non-oriented electrical steels. High efficiency electrical machines are considered a new trend and are gradually imposing themselves in motor manufacture worldwide. Efficiency upgrade of motors could have a positive impact on the environment, being well known that IE4 electrical motors are already available on the market. In the paper there were tested samples of M400–50A and N020 industrial steel grade, cut through mechanical and water jet technologies. The samples have a 300 mm length and a variable width comprised between 5 mm and 30 mm. To reconstruct the standard Epstein width of 30 mm, 2, 3, 4 and 6 samples were put together side by side. In order to determine the magnetic properties, a single strip tester was used. The energy losses and the relative magnetic permeability were analyzed as a function of frequency in the range of 10 Hz-400 Hz at a peak magnetic polarization of 1T.
{"title":"Magnetic properties degradation due to the cutting procedures in the case of electrical steel used in energy efficient electrical machines","authors":"V. Păltânea, G. Păltânea, H. Gavrilă, I. Nemoianu, P. Andrei","doi":"10.1109/EV.2017.8242087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EV.2017.8242087","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays electrical machines are the most important electricity consumer, because they are responsible for 70% of industrial demand. The improvement of the electrical machines' energy efficiency can be done among other methods, by using high quality non-oriented electrical steels. High efficiency electrical machines are considered a new trend and are gradually imposing themselves in motor manufacture worldwide. Efficiency upgrade of motors could have a positive impact on the environment, being well known that IE4 electrical motors are already available on the market. In the paper there were tested samples of M400–50A and N020 industrial steel grade, cut through mechanical and water jet technologies. The samples have a 300 mm length and a variable width comprised between 5 mm and 30 mm. To reconstruct the standard Epstein width of 30 mm, 2, 3, 4 and 6 samples were put together side by side. In order to determine the magnetic properties, a single strip tester was used. The energy losses and the relative magnetic permeability were analyzed as a function of frequency in the range of 10 Hz-400 Hz at a peak magnetic polarization of 1T.","PeriodicalId":186248,"journal":{"name":"2017 Electric Vehicles International Conference (EV)","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122379759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper presents an advanced modular photovoltaic system designed for Pug-in Small Electric Vehicles (PsEV) electricity supply in remote applications. The concept is based on the modularity of the photovoltaic (PV) power supply system (PVbox) that can be multiplied in order to fully cover the electricity demand of each application. Based on that the interconnection between multiple PVboxes is done via an Intelligent Connection System (ICS) specially designed for this application. During the design phase the adaptability of the system was the primary focus that determined the PVbox to work as an off-grid system with the battery storage capacity included and an on-grid back-up (in available). The idea was to make the PVbox compact and lightweight, with the maximization of the photovoltaic (PV) power output of the system. Another key factor was the development of an innovative energy management system to cover the possibility of supplying a wide range of plug-in small electric vehicles (PsEV). An in-depth analysis was made to refine the PV system solution in order to maximize the system potential with the results presented below. The results of the paper show that the advanced modular photovoltaic system for plug-in small electric vehicles (PsEV) can be a good alternative for off the grid and remote applications.
{"title":"Advanced modular photovoltaic system for Plug-in Small Electric Vehicles (PsEV)","authors":"B. Onose, M. Hanek, Gabriel Vătășelu, L. Demeter","doi":"10.1109/EV.2017.8242105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EV.2017.8242105","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents an advanced modular photovoltaic system designed for Pug-in Small Electric Vehicles (PsEV) electricity supply in remote applications. The concept is based on the modularity of the photovoltaic (PV) power supply system (PVbox) that can be multiplied in order to fully cover the electricity demand of each application. Based on that the interconnection between multiple PVboxes is done via an Intelligent Connection System (ICS) specially designed for this application. During the design phase the adaptability of the system was the primary focus that determined the PVbox to work as an off-grid system with the battery storage capacity included and an on-grid back-up (in available). The idea was to make the PVbox compact and lightweight, with the maximization of the photovoltaic (PV) power output of the system. Another key factor was the development of an innovative energy management system to cover the possibility of supplying a wide range of plug-in small electric vehicles (PsEV). An in-depth analysis was made to refine the PV system solution in order to maximize the system potential with the results presented below. The results of the paper show that the advanced modular photovoltaic system for plug-in small electric vehicles (PsEV) can be a good alternative for off the grid and remote applications.","PeriodicalId":186248,"journal":{"name":"2017 Electric Vehicles International Conference (EV)","volume":"377 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131762796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Bartha, Tin Pusic, Robert Anderluh, Goran Krajacici, B. Vajda, Luminita Vlaicu
The present work is focused for the modelling, analysing, and evaluating of the obtained results from the simulation of the electric vehicles demand with “EnergyPLAN”. The models have developed for creating an optimal structure of the energy supply for electrical vehicles useful in Romanian energy system. For reducing greenhouse gas emissions and for decarbonizing the economy in the following period, the optimal solution can be realised with implementing the electrical vehicles in all levels of the transport sector. With plug in electrical vehicles (EV), it is possible to reduce and eliminate 100% of the fossil fuels and in this way, many jobs will be create in decarbonisation of economy. EVs in generally has high power (10 kW) connection, with important flexibility in time and duration of the charging. For modelling of the energy demand of the EVs reference case in “EnergyPLAN” model has been established. The models are used to evaluate the optimal energy mix structure where different intermittent and non-intermittent renewable energy sources are integrated. The modelling and calculation methods are presented for one case for 10,000 electrical cars, second case for 100,000 EVs, and third case for 1,000,000 electric vehicles. In generally, assuming an average car efficiency of 5 km / kWh, each car has one electrical demand around 4 MWh/year / EV (in case than one car drive around 20,000 km/year).
{"title":"Modelling and simulation of the energy demand and large scale integration of the electrical vehicles in “EnergyPLAN” model — Case of Romania","authors":"S. Bartha, Tin Pusic, Robert Anderluh, Goran Krajacici, B. Vajda, Luminita Vlaicu","doi":"10.1109/EV.2017.8242103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EV.2017.8242103","url":null,"abstract":"The present work is focused for the modelling, analysing, and evaluating of the obtained results from the simulation of the electric vehicles demand with “EnergyPLAN”. The models have developed for creating an optimal structure of the energy supply for electrical vehicles useful in Romanian energy system. For reducing greenhouse gas emissions and for decarbonizing the economy in the following period, the optimal solution can be realised with implementing the electrical vehicles in all levels of the transport sector. With plug in electrical vehicles (EV), it is possible to reduce and eliminate 100% of the fossil fuels and in this way, many jobs will be create in decarbonisation of economy. EVs in generally has high power (10 kW) connection, with important flexibility in time and duration of the charging. For modelling of the energy demand of the EVs reference case in “EnergyPLAN” model has been established. The models are used to evaluate the optimal energy mix structure where different intermittent and non-intermittent renewable energy sources are integrated. The modelling and calculation methods are presented for one case for 10,000 electrical cars, second case for 100,000 EVs, and third case for 1,000,000 electric vehicles. In generally, assuming an average car efficiency of 5 km / kWh, each car has one electrical demand around 4 MWh/year / EV (in case than one car drive around 20,000 km/year).","PeriodicalId":186248,"journal":{"name":"2017 Electric Vehicles International Conference (EV)","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114416845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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