To investigate the effect of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) on in vitro rumen gas production, fermentation characteristics, and bacterial community profiles, five levels of 5-ALA (0, 100, 500, 1000, and 5000 mg/kg DM) were supplemented into a total mixed ration (concentrate/forage = 40:60) as substrate in an in vitro experiment. Results showed that as the supplementation level of 5-ALA increased, asymptotic gas production (b) decreased linearly and quadratically (p < 0.01) while the dry matter degradation rate increased quadratically (p < 0.01). Meanwhile, the propionate concentration of 72 h incubation fluid increased linearly (p = 0.03) and pH value increased linearly and quadratically (p < 0.01), while the concentrations of butyrate, isobutyrate, valerate, isovalerate, and NH3-N and the ratio of acetate/propionate (A/P) decreased linearly and quadratically (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in any alpha diversity indices of bacterial communities among the various 5-ALA levels (p < 0.05). PCoA and PERMANOVA analysis revealed that the bacterial profiles showed a statistical difference between the treatment 5-ALA at 1000 mg/kg DM and the other levels except for 5000 mg/kg DM (p < 0.05). Taxonomic classification revealed a total of 18 and 173 bacterial taxa at the phylum and genus level with relative abundances higher than 0.01% in at least half of the samples, respectively. LEfse analysis revealed that 19 bacterial taxa were affected by 5-ALA levels. Correlation analysis showed that Actinobacteriota was positively correlated with the gas production parameter b, the ratio of A/P, and the concentration of butyrate, isovalerate, and NH3-N (p < 0.05) and negatively correlated with pH (p < 0.05). WPS-2 exhibited a negative correlation with the gas production parameter b, the ratio of A/P, and the concentration of butyrate, valerate, isobutyrate, isovalerate, and NH3-N (p < 0.05), along with a weaker positive correlation with pH (p = 0.04). The Bacteroidales BS11 gut group was negatively correlated with the concentration of propionate but positively correlated with gas production parameter b and the concentration of butyrate and NH3-N (p < 0.05). The Lachnospiraceae NK3A20 group was found to have a positive correlation with gas production parameter b, the ratio of A/P, and the concentration of butyrate, isobutyrate, isovalerate, valerate, total VFA, and NH3-N (p < 0.05), but a highly negative correlation with pH (p < 0.01). Differential metabolic pathways analysis suggested that metabolic pathways related to crude protein utilization, such as L-glutamate degradation VIII (to propanoate), L-tryptophan degradation IX, and urea cycle, increased with 5-ALA levels. In summary, including 5-ALA in the diet might improve energy and protein utilization by reducing the abundance of Actinobacteriota, the Bacteroidales BS11 gut group, the Lachnospiraceae NK3A20 group, and certain pathogenic bacteria and increasing the abundance of WPS-2.
{"title":"Effects of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid Supplementation on Gas Production, Fermentation Characteristics, and Bacterial Community Profiles In Vitro","authors":"Zhenkai Hao, Zhuangzhuang Guo, Ning Zhang, Jing Wang, Jiabao Xu, Weiyu Zhang, Qiang Liu, Cong Wang, Yawei Zhang, Yuanqing Zhang","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms12091867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12091867","url":null,"abstract":"To investigate the effect of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) on in vitro rumen gas production, fermentation characteristics, and bacterial community profiles, five levels of 5-ALA (0, 100, 500, 1000, and 5000 mg/kg DM) were supplemented into a total mixed ration (concentrate/forage = 40:60) as substrate in an in vitro experiment. Results showed that as the supplementation level of 5-ALA increased, asymptotic gas production (b) decreased linearly and quadratically (p < 0.01) while the dry matter degradation rate increased quadratically (p < 0.01). Meanwhile, the propionate concentration of 72 h incubation fluid increased linearly (p = 0.03) and pH value increased linearly and quadratically (p < 0.01), while the concentrations of butyrate, isobutyrate, valerate, isovalerate, and NH3-N and the ratio of acetate/propionate (A/P) decreased linearly and quadratically (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in any alpha diversity indices of bacterial communities among the various 5-ALA levels (p < 0.05). PCoA and PERMANOVA analysis revealed that the bacterial profiles showed a statistical difference between the treatment 5-ALA at 1000 mg/kg DM and the other levels except for 5000 mg/kg DM (p < 0.05). Taxonomic classification revealed a total of 18 and 173 bacterial taxa at the phylum and genus level with relative abundances higher than 0.01% in at least half of the samples, respectively. LEfse analysis revealed that 19 bacterial taxa were affected by 5-ALA levels. Correlation analysis showed that Actinobacteriota was positively correlated with the gas production parameter b, the ratio of A/P, and the concentration of butyrate, isovalerate, and NH3-N (p < 0.05) and negatively correlated with pH (p < 0.05). WPS-2 exhibited a negative correlation with the gas production parameter b, the ratio of A/P, and the concentration of butyrate, valerate, isobutyrate, isovalerate, and NH3-N (p < 0.05), along with a weaker positive correlation with pH (p = 0.04). The Bacteroidales BS11 gut group was negatively correlated with the concentration of propionate but positively correlated with gas production parameter b and the concentration of butyrate and NH3-N (p < 0.05). The Lachnospiraceae NK3A20 group was found to have a positive correlation with gas production parameter b, the ratio of A/P, and the concentration of butyrate, isobutyrate, isovalerate, valerate, total VFA, and NH3-N (p < 0.05), but a highly negative correlation with pH (p < 0.01). Differential metabolic pathways analysis suggested that metabolic pathways related to crude protein utilization, such as L-glutamate degradation VIII (to propanoate), L-tryptophan degradation IX, and urea cycle, increased with 5-ALA levels. In summary, including 5-ALA in the diet might improve energy and protein utilization by reducing the abundance of Actinobacteriota, the Bacteroidales BS11 gut group, the Lachnospiraceae NK3A20 group, and certain pathogenic bacteria and increasing the abundance of WPS-2.","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142203416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-09DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12091865
Corrie Miller, Kayti Luu, Brandi Mikami, Jonathan Riel, Yujia Qin, Vedbar Khadka, Men-Jean Lee
In utero colonization or deposition of beneficial microorganisms and their by-products likely occurs through various mechanisms, such as hematogenous spread or ascension from the reproductive tract. With high-throughput sequencing techniques, the identification of microbial components in first-pass neonatal meconium has been achieved. While these components are low-biomass and often not abundant enough to culture, the presence of microbial DNA signatures may promote fetal immune tolerance or epigenetic regulation prior to birth. The aim of this study was to investigate the maternal source of the neonatal first-pass meconium microbiome. Maternal vaginal and anal samples collected from twenty-one maternal–infant dyad pairs were compared via principal component analysis to first-pass neonatal meconium microbial compositions. Results demonstrated the greatest degree of similarity between the maternal gut microbiome in the second and third trimesters and vaginal microbiome samples across pregnancy, suggesting that the maternal gut microbiota may translocate to the fetal gut during pregnancy. This study sheds light on the origin and timing of the potential transfer of maternal microbial species to offspring in utero.
{"title":"Temporal Investigation of the Maternal Origins of Fetal Gut Microbiota","authors":"Corrie Miller, Kayti Luu, Brandi Mikami, Jonathan Riel, Yujia Qin, Vedbar Khadka, Men-Jean Lee","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms12091865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12091865","url":null,"abstract":"In utero colonization or deposition of beneficial microorganisms and their by-products likely occurs through various mechanisms, such as hematogenous spread or ascension from the reproductive tract. With high-throughput sequencing techniques, the identification of microbial components in first-pass neonatal meconium has been achieved. While these components are low-biomass and often not abundant enough to culture, the presence of microbial DNA signatures may promote fetal immune tolerance or epigenetic regulation prior to birth. The aim of this study was to investigate the maternal source of the neonatal first-pass meconium microbiome. Maternal vaginal and anal samples collected from twenty-one maternal–infant dyad pairs were compared via principal component analysis to first-pass neonatal meconium microbial compositions. Results demonstrated the greatest degree of similarity between the maternal gut microbiome in the second and third trimesters and vaginal microbiome samples across pregnancy, suggesting that the maternal gut microbiota may translocate to the fetal gut during pregnancy. This study sheds light on the origin and timing of the potential transfer of maternal microbial species to offspring in utero.","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142203414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-08DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12091860
Diego Generoso, Tatiane de Camargo Martins, Camila Renata Corrêa Camacho, Manuella Pacífico de Freitas Segredo, Sabrina Setembre Batah, Alexandre Todorovic Fabro, Edda Sciutto, Agnès Fleury, Pedro Tadao Hamamoto Filho, Marco Antônio Zanini
Oxidative stress is associated with several infectious diseases, as well as the severity of inflammatory reactions. The control of inflammation during parasite destruction is a target of neurocysticercosis treatment, as inflammation is strongly related to symptom severity. In this study, we investigated the presence of malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl, two by-products of reactive oxygen species (ROS), in an experimental model of extraparenchymal neurocysticercosis. Twenty male and twenty female rats were inoculated with 50 cysts of Taenia crassiceps in the subarachnoid space of the cisterna magna. Ten animals (five males and five females) were used as controls. Three months after inoculation, their brains were harvested for oxidative stress and histological assessments. Infected animals had higher scores for inflammatory cell infiltrates, malondialdehyde, and protein carbonyl. These results encourage future efforts to monitor oxidative stress status in neurocysticercosis, particularly in the context of controlling inflammation.
{"title":"Oxidative Stress in the Murine Model of Extraparenchymal Neurocysticercosis","authors":"Diego Generoso, Tatiane de Camargo Martins, Camila Renata Corrêa Camacho, Manuella Pacífico de Freitas Segredo, Sabrina Setembre Batah, Alexandre Todorovic Fabro, Edda Sciutto, Agnès Fleury, Pedro Tadao Hamamoto Filho, Marco Antônio Zanini","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms12091860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12091860","url":null,"abstract":"Oxidative stress is associated with several infectious diseases, as well as the severity of inflammatory reactions. The control of inflammation during parasite destruction is a target of neurocysticercosis treatment, as inflammation is strongly related to symptom severity. In this study, we investigated the presence of malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl, two by-products of reactive oxygen species (ROS), in an experimental model of extraparenchymal neurocysticercosis. Twenty male and twenty female rats were inoculated with 50 cysts of Taenia crassiceps in the subarachnoid space of the cisterna magna. Ten animals (five males and five females) were used as controls. Three months after inoculation, their brains were harvested for oxidative stress and histological assessments. Infected animals had higher scores for inflammatory cell infiltrates, malondialdehyde, and protein carbonyl. These results encourage future efforts to monitor oxidative stress status in neurocysticercosis, particularly in the context of controlling inflammation.","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142203429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-08DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12091861
Shuo Ni, Yamiao Wu, Ning Zhu, Feifan Leng, Yonggang Wang
Codonopsis pilosula, commonly known as Dangshen, is a valuable medicinal plant, but its slow growth and susceptibility to environmental stress pose challenges for its cultivation. In pursuit of sustainable agricultural practices to enhance the yield and quality of Dangshen, the present study isolated a bacterial strain exhibiting plant growth-promoting potential from the rhizosphere of C. pilosula. This strain was subsequently identified as Bacillus licheniformisYB06. Assessment of its plant growth-promoting attributes revealed the potential of B. licheniformis YB06 as a biofertilizer. Whole-genome sequencing of B. licheniformis YB06 revealed a genome size of 4,226,888 bp with a GC content of 46.22%, harboring 4325 predicted protein-coding sequences. Genomic analysis of B. licheniformis YB06 revealed a diverse array of genes linked to induced systemic resistance (ISR) and plant growth-promoting (PGP) traits, encompassing phytohormone production, nitrogen assimilation and reduction, siderophore biosynthesis, phosphate solubilization, biofilm formation, synthesis of PGP-related amino acids, and flagellar motility. Seed germination assays demonstrated the positive effects of B. licheniformis YB06 on the germination and growth of C. pilosula seedlings. Furthermore, we explored various fertilization regimes, particularly the B. licheniformis YB06-based biofertilizer, were investigated for their impact on the structure and diversity of the C. pilosula rhizosphere soil bacterial community. Our findings revealed that fertilization significantly impacted soil bacterial composition and diversity, with the combined application of B. licheniformis YB06-based biofertilizer and organic fertilizer exhibiting a particularly pronounced enhancement of rhizosphere bacterial community structure and diversity. This study represents the first report on the beneficial effects of B. licheniformis YB06 on both the growth of C. pilosula and the composition of its rhizosphere soil microbial community. These findings provide a theoretical foundation and practical guidance for the development of novel bio-organic compound fertilizers, thereby contributing to the sustainable cultivation of C. pilosula.
{"title":"Bacillus licheniformisYB06: A Rhizosphere–Genome-Wide Analysis and Plant Growth-Promoting Analysis of a Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacterium Isolated from Codonopsis pilosula","authors":"Shuo Ni, Yamiao Wu, Ning Zhu, Feifan Leng, Yonggang Wang","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms12091861","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12091861","url":null,"abstract":"Codonopsis pilosula, commonly known as Dangshen, is a valuable medicinal plant, but its slow growth and susceptibility to environmental stress pose challenges for its cultivation. In pursuit of sustainable agricultural practices to enhance the yield and quality of Dangshen, the present study isolated a bacterial strain exhibiting plant growth-promoting potential from the rhizosphere of C. pilosula. This strain was subsequently identified as Bacillus licheniformisYB06. Assessment of its plant growth-promoting attributes revealed the potential of B. licheniformis YB06 as a biofertilizer. Whole-genome sequencing of B. licheniformis YB06 revealed a genome size of 4,226,888 bp with a GC content of 46.22%, harboring 4325 predicted protein-coding sequences. Genomic analysis of B. licheniformis YB06 revealed a diverse array of genes linked to induced systemic resistance (ISR) and plant growth-promoting (PGP) traits, encompassing phytohormone production, nitrogen assimilation and reduction, siderophore biosynthesis, phosphate solubilization, biofilm formation, synthesis of PGP-related amino acids, and flagellar motility. Seed germination assays demonstrated the positive effects of B. licheniformis YB06 on the germination and growth of C. pilosula seedlings. Furthermore, we explored various fertilization regimes, particularly the B. licheniformis YB06-based biofertilizer, were investigated for their impact on the structure and diversity of the C. pilosula rhizosphere soil bacterial community. Our findings revealed that fertilization significantly impacted soil bacterial composition and diversity, with the combined application of B. licheniformis YB06-based biofertilizer and organic fertilizer exhibiting a particularly pronounced enhancement of rhizosphere bacterial community structure and diversity. This study represents the first report on the beneficial effects of B. licheniformis YB06 on both the growth of C. pilosula and the composition of its rhizosphere soil microbial community. These findings provide a theoretical foundation and practical guidance for the development of novel bio-organic compound fertilizers, thereby contributing to the sustainable cultivation of C. pilosula.","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142203430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-07DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12091858
Ranju Kafle, Aliyar Cyrus Fouladkhah
The current study investigated the impact of treatments with elevated hydrostatic pressure (500 MPa) for inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes on smoked rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) at high and low inoculation levels. The temperature values of the trials were set at 4.4 and 60.0 °C, adjusted with a circulating water bath connected to a stainless steel jacket surrounding the pressure processing chamber. Before pressure processing, the counts (selective counts of PALCAM, mean ± SD) of L. monocytogenes were 6.45 ± 0.1 log CFU/g and were reduced (p < 0.05) to 3.72 ± 0.3, and <1.48 ± 0.8 log CFU/g after 10 min of treatment at 4.4 and 60.0 °C, respectively. Treatments of low inoculation level samples were similarly efficacious and resulted in a reduction (p < 0.05) of the pathogen to 1.62 ± 0.3 and <0.82 ± 0.0 log CFU/g for treatments at 4.4 and 60.0 °C, respectively. At 4.4 °C, linear D-value and non-linear kmax1 were 8.68 and 0.50, and 5.81 and 2.41 for high-inoculation and low-inoculation samples, respectively. Application of hydrostatic pressure at 500 MPa at cold and elevated temperatures was efficacious for up to 5.03 log CFU/g reduction of L. monocytogenes, illustrating the potential for further adaptation of this technology.
{"title":"Effects of Thermally-Assisted and High-Pressure Processing on Background Microbiota and the Listeria monocytogenes Load of a Minimally Processed Commodity","authors":"Ranju Kafle, Aliyar Cyrus Fouladkhah","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms12091858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12091858","url":null,"abstract":"The current study investigated the impact of treatments with elevated hydrostatic pressure (500 MPa) for inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes on smoked rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) at high and low inoculation levels. The temperature values of the trials were set at 4.4 and 60.0 °C, adjusted with a circulating water bath connected to a stainless steel jacket surrounding the pressure processing chamber. Before pressure processing, the counts (selective counts of PALCAM, mean ± SD) of L. monocytogenes were 6.45 ± 0.1 log CFU/g and were reduced (p < 0.05) to 3.72 ± 0.3, and <1.48 ± 0.8 log CFU/g after 10 min of treatment at 4.4 and 60.0 °C, respectively. Treatments of low inoculation level samples were similarly efficacious and resulted in a reduction (p < 0.05) of the pathogen to 1.62 ± 0.3 and <0.82 ± 0.0 log CFU/g for treatments at 4.4 and 60.0 °C, respectively. At 4.4 °C, linear D-value and non-linear kmax1 were 8.68 and 0.50, and 5.81 and 2.41 for high-inoculation and low-inoculation samples, respectively. Application of hydrostatic pressure at 500 MPa at cold and elevated temperatures was efficacious for up to 5.03 log CFU/g reduction of L. monocytogenes, illustrating the potential for further adaptation of this technology.","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142203435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-07DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12091859
Xu Shan Gao, Thomas Groot, Sam Schoenmakers, Yvonne Louwers, Andries Budding, Joop Laven
The composition of the vaginal microbiota prior to an IVF/IVF-ICSI treatment can predict the chance of achieving a pregnancy. To improve clinical applicability and be more patient-friendly, the self-collection of vaginal samples would be preferable. However, the reliability of patient-collected samples compared to physician-collected samples remains unclear. This study compares microbiome outcomes from patient-collected versus physician-collected vaginal samples. This is a prospective pilot study consisting of two cohorts: Cohort I involved patient self-sampling of the vagina, followed by a physician-collected vaginal swab, while Cohort II involved the reversed order of collection. The interspace profiling (IS-Pro) technique was used to analyze the microbiota composition in all samples. From May 2021 to March 2022, a total of 444 samples were collected from n = 222 patients (aged 21–44 years), with Cohort I (n = 109) and Cohort II (n = 113). The vaginal microbiome composition of both cohorts was highly similar, regardless of the sampling order, with a mean cosine similarity of 0.93 (95% CI 0.91, 0.95) in Cohort I and 0.94 (95% CI 0.92, 0.96) in Cohort II. Furthermore, ANOVA analysis revealed no significant differences in bacterial species abundance between physician- and patient-collected samples, nor between first and second sample collections. The self-collection of vaginal samples can be considered comparable to physician-collected samples and indicates a more patient-friendly and convenient collection of the vaginal microbiome in an outpatient clinical setting.
试管婴儿/试管婴儿-卵胞浆内单精子显微注射（IVF/IVF-ICSI）治疗前的阴道微生物群组成可以预测怀孕的几率。为了提高临床适用性并方便患者，最好能自行采集阴道样本。然而，与医生采集样本相比，患者采集样本的可靠性仍不明确。本研究比较了患者采集和医生采集阴道样本的微生物组结果。这是一项由两个队列组成的前瞻性试验研究：队列 I 先由患者自行采集阴道样本，然后由医生采集阴道拭子，而队列 II 的采集顺序则相反。所有样本中的微生物群组成均采用间距剖析（IS-Pro）技术进行分析。从 2021 年 5 月到 2022 年 3 月，共收集了 n = 222 名患者（21-44 岁）的 444 份样本，其中队列 I（n = 109）和队列 II（n = 113）。无论采样顺序如何，两组患者的阴道微生物组组成高度相似，组群 I 的平均余弦相似度为 0.93（95% CI 0.91，0.95），组群 II 的平均余弦相似度为 0.94（95% CI 0.92，0.96）。此外，方差分析显示，医生采集的样本和患者采集的样本之间，以及第一次和第二次采集的样本之间，细菌种类丰富度没有明显差异。自我采集的阴道样本与医生采集的样本具有可比性，表明在门诊临床环境中采集阴道微生物组更方便患者。
{"title":"The Vaginal Microbiome: Patient- versus Physician-Collected Microbial Swab: A Pilot Study","authors":"Xu Shan Gao, Thomas Groot, Sam Schoenmakers, Yvonne Louwers, Andries Budding, Joop Laven","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms12091859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12091859","url":null,"abstract":"The composition of the vaginal microbiota prior to an IVF/IVF-ICSI treatment can predict the chance of achieving a pregnancy. To improve clinical applicability and be more patient-friendly, the self-collection of vaginal samples would be preferable. However, the reliability of patient-collected samples compared to physician-collected samples remains unclear. This study compares microbiome outcomes from patient-collected versus physician-collected vaginal samples. This is a prospective pilot study consisting of two cohorts: Cohort I involved patient self-sampling of the vagina, followed by a physician-collected vaginal swab, while Cohort II involved the reversed order of collection. The interspace profiling (IS-Pro) technique was used to analyze the microbiota composition in all samples. From May 2021 to March 2022, a total of 444 samples were collected from n = 222 patients (aged 21–44 years), with Cohort I (n = 109) and Cohort II (n = 113). The vaginal microbiome composition of both cohorts was highly similar, regardless of the sampling order, with a mean cosine similarity of 0.93 (95% CI 0.91, 0.95) in Cohort I and 0.94 (95% CI 0.92, 0.96) in Cohort II. Furthermore, ANOVA analysis revealed no significant differences in bacterial species abundance between physician- and patient-collected samples, nor between first and second sample collections. The self-collection of vaginal samples can be considered comparable to physician-collected samples and indicates a more patient-friendly and convenient collection of the vaginal microbiome in an outpatient clinical setting.","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142203434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-07DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12091857
Zamira E. Soto-Varela, Christian J. Orozco-Sánchez, Hernando José Bolívar-Anillo, José M. Martínez, Nuria Rodríguez, Natalia Consuegra-Padilla, Alfredo Robledo-Meza, Ricardo Amils
The mangrove ecosystems of the Department of Atlántico (Colombian Caribbean) are seriously threatened by problems of hypersalinization and contamination, especially by heavy metals from the Magdalena River. The mangrove plants have developed various mechanisms to adapt to these stressful conditions, as well as the associated microbial populations that favor their growth. In the present work, the tolerance and detoxification capacity to heavy metals, especially to mercury, of a halotolerant endophytic bacterium isolated from the species Avicennia germinans located in the Balboa Swamp in the Department of Atlántico was characterized. Diverse microorganisms were isolated from superficially sterilized A. germinans leaves. Tolerance to NaCl was evaluated for each of the obtained isolates, and the most resistant was selected to assess its tolerance to Pb2+, Cu2+, Hg2+, Cr3+, Co2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, and Cd2+, many of which have been detected in high concentrations in the area of study. According to the ANI and AAI percentages, the most halotolerant strain was identified as Priestia flexa, named P. flexa 7BS3110, which was able to tolerate up to 12.5% (w/v) NaCl and presented a minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 0.25 mM for Hg, 10 mM for Pb, and 15 mM for Cr3+. The annotation of the P. flexa 7BS3110 genome revealed the presence of protein sequences associated with exopolysaccharide (EPS) production, thiol biosynthesis, specific proteins for chrome efflux, non-specific proteins for lead efflux, and processes associated with sulfur and iron homeostasis. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed morphological cellular changes and the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed an electrodense extracellular layer when exposed to 0.25 mM Hg2+. Due to the high tolerance of P. flexa 7BS3110 to Hg2+ and NaCl, its ability to grow when exposed to both stressors was tested, and it was able to thrive in the presence of 5% (w/v) NaCl and 0.25 mM of Hg2+. In addition, it was able to remove 98% of Hg2+ from the medium when exposed to a concentration of 14 mg/L of this metalloid. P. flexa 7BS3110 has the potential to bioremediate Hg2+ halophilic contaminated ecosystems.
{"title":"Halotolerant Endophytic Bacteria Priestia flexa 7BS3110 with Hg2+ Tolerance Isolated from Avicennia germinans in a Caribbean Mangrove from Colombia","authors":"Zamira E. Soto-Varela, Christian J. Orozco-Sánchez, Hernando José Bolívar-Anillo, José M. Martínez, Nuria Rodríguez, Natalia Consuegra-Padilla, Alfredo Robledo-Meza, Ricardo Amils","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms12091857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12091857","url":null,"abstract":"The mangrove ecosystems of the Department of Atlántico (Colombian Caribbean) are seriously threatened by problems of hypersalinization and contamination, especially by heavy metals from the Magdalena River. The mangrove plants have developed various mechanisms to adapt to these stressful conditions, as well as the associated microbial populations that favor their growth. In the present work, the tolerance and detoxification capacity to heavy metals, especially to mercury, of a halotolerant endophytic bacterium isolated from the species Avicennia germinans located in the Balboa Swamp in the Department of Atlántico was characterized. Diverse microorganisms were isolated from superficially sterilized A. germinans leaves. Tolerance to NaCl was evaluated for each of the obtained isolates, and the most resistant was selected to assess its tolerance to Pb2+, Cu2+, Hg2+, Cr3+, Co2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, and Cd2+, many of which have been detected in high concentrations in the area of study. According to the ANI and AAI percentages, the most halotolerant strain was identified as Priestia flexa, named P. flexa 7BS3110, which was able to tolerate up to 12.5% (w/v) NaCl and presented a minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 0.25 mM for Hg, 10 mM for Pb, and 15 mM for Cr3+. The annotation of the P. flexa 7BS3110 genome revealed the presence of protein sequences associated with exopolysaccharide (EPS) production, thiol biosynthesis, specific proteins for chrome efflux, non-specific proteins for lead efflux, and processes associated with sulfur and iron homeostasis. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed morphological cellular changes and the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed an electrodense extracellular layer when exposed to 0.25 mM Hg2+. Due to the high tolerance of P. flexa 7BS3110 to Hg2+ and NaCl, its ability to grow when exposed to both stressors was tested, and it was able to thrive in the presence of 5% (w/v) NaCl and 0.25 mM of Hg2+. In addition, it was able to remove 98% of Hg2+ from the medium when exposed to a concentration of 14 mg/L of this metalloid. P. flexa 7BS3110 has the potential to bioremediate Hg2+ halophilic contaminated ecosystems.","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142203432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It was previously discovered that, in the Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli growing on a minimal medium with sulfate, stress-induced growth arrest is accompanied by the release of hydrogen sulfide. The source of the sulfide is the desulfurization of intracellular cysteine as one of the ways of maintaining it at a safe level. The danger of excess cysteine is associated with its participation in the Fenton reaction, leading to the formation of highly toxic hydroxyl radicals. Using electrochemical sensors, we identified stress-induced sulfide production in the Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus megaterium, growing on a minimal medium with sulfate, and changes in physiological parameters such as Eh, pH, and oxygen and potassium consumption. Sulfide production was observed during growth arrest due to the depletion of glucose, ammonium or antibiotic action. The use of sensors allowed to continuously record, in growing cultures, even small changes in parameters. There were significant differences in the amount and kinetics of sulfide production between Bacillus and E. coli. These differences are thought to be due to the lack of glutathione in Bacillus. It is suggested that stress-induced sulfide production by Bacillus under the described conditions may be one of the previously unknown sources of hydrogen sulfide in nature.
{"title":"Stress-Induced Sulfide Production by Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus megaterium","authors":"Alexey Tyulenev, Galina Smirnova, Vadim Ushakov, Tatyana Kalashnikova, Lyubov Sutormina, Oleg Oktyabrsky","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms12091856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12091856","url":null,"abstract":"It was previously discovered that, in the Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli growing on a minimal medium with sulfate, stress-induced growth arrest is accompanied by the release of hydrogen sulfide. The source of the sulfide is the desulfurization of intracellular cysteine as one of the ways of maintaining it at a safe level. The danger of excess cysteine is associated with its participation in the Fenton reaction, leading to the formation of highly toxic hydroxyl radicals. Using electrochemical sensors, we identified stress-induced sulfide production in the Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus megaterium, growing on a minimal medium with sulfate, and changes in physiological parameters such as Eh, pH, and oxygen and potassium consumption. Sulfide production was observed during growth arrest due to the depletion of glucose, ammonium or antibiotic action. The use of sensors allowed to continuously record, in growing cultures, even small changes in parameters. There were significant differences in the amount and kinetics of sulfide production between Bacillus and E. coli. These differences are thought to be due to the lack of glutathione in Bacillus. It is suggested that stress-induced sulfide production by Bacillus under the described conditions may be one of the previously unknown sources of hydrogen sulfide in nature.","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142203437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-06DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12091846
Mahmoud Singer, Mohamed I. Husseiny
Research is underway to develop a vaccine to prevent and cure infection from herpes simplex virus (HSV). It emphasizes the critical need for immunization to address public health issues and the shortcomings of existing treatment options. Furthermore, studies on the HSV vaccine advance the field of immunology and vaccine creation, which may help in the battle against other viral illnesses. The current lack of such a vaccine is, in part, due to herpes viral latency in sensory ganglions. Current vaccines rely on tissue-resident memory CD8+ T cells, which are known to provide protection against subsequent HSV reinfection and reactivation without correlating with other immune subsets. For that reason, there is no effective vaccine that can provide protection against latent or recurrent herpes infection. This review focuses on conventional methods for evaluating the efficacy of a herpes vaccine using differential CD8+ T cells and important unaccounted immune aspects for designing an effective vaccine against herpes.
目前正在研究开发预防和治疗单纯疱疹病毒（HSV）感染的疫苗。该研究强调了通过免疫接种来解决公共卫生问题的迫切需要，以及现有治疗方案的不足之处。此外，对单纯疱疹病毒疫苗的研究推动了免疫学和疫苗创造领域的发展，这可能有助于对抗其他病毒性疾病。目前缺乏这种疫苗的部分原因是疱疹病毒潜伏在感觉神经节中。目前的疫苗依赖于组织驻留的记忆性 CD8+ T 细胞，众所周知，这种细胞能提供对后续 HSV 再感染和再活化的保护，但与其他免疫亚群无关。因此，目前还没有一种有效的疫苗能为潜伏或复发性疱疹感染提供保护。本综述将重点介绍利用CD8+ T细胞差异评估疱疹疫苗疗效的传统方法，以及设计有效疱疹疫苗的重要的未考虑免疫因素。
{"title":"Immunological Considerations for the Development of an Effective Herpes Vaccine","authors":"Mahmoud Singer, Mohamed I. Husseiny","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms12091846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12091846","url":null,"abstract":"Research is underway to develop a vaccine to prevent and cure infection from herpes simplex virus (HSV). It emphasizes the critical need for immunization to address public health issues and the shortcomings of existing treatment options. Furthermore, studies on the HSV vaccine advance the field of immunology and vaccine creation, which may help in the battle against other viral illnesses. The current lack of such a vaccine is, in part, due to herpes viral latency in sensory ganglions. Current vaccines rely on tissue-resident memory CD8+ T cells, which are known to provide protection against subsequent HSV reinfection and reactivation without correlating with other immune subsets. For that reason, there is no effective vaccine that can provide protection against latent or recurrent herpes infection. This review focuses on conventional methods for evaluating the efficacy of a herpes vaccine using differential CD8+ T cells and important unaccounted immune aspects for designing an effective vaccine against herpes.","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142203439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-06DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12091844
Sabrina Santos Firmino, Thaís Rabelo Santos-Doni, Vitória Maria Farias Silva, Aressa Cassemiro Micheleto, Ma Scalise de Souza, Bruna Lima Hortêncio, Aline do Nascimento Benitez, Yasmin Melim Bento, Gabriele Zaine Teixeira Debortoli, Jancarlo Ferreira Gomes, Italmar Teodorico Navarro, Katia Denise Saraiva Bresciani
This study examined the seropositivity of T. gondii and coinfections with other TORCH pathogens among pregnant women attending 17 Basic Health Units (UBS) in Araçatuba, SP, Brazil. Of the 711 pregnant women seen at these UBS, only 297 were tested for T. gondii. Of the women tested for T. gondii (n = 297), 26.9% had IgG antibodies, 6.7% had IgM, and 32.0% tested positive for either or both. Only 1.4% showed both IgG and IgM antibodies, while 67.7% were non-reactive. The seropositivity was 17.1% for syphilis, 63.2% for rubella, 0.9% for hepatitis C, 0.9% for dengue, 17.9% for COVID-19, and 0.9% for herpes simplex (types 1/2). Coinfections with syphilis, rubella, and herpes simplex were also noted. Higher education levels appeared to protect against T. gondii seropositivity. The findings highlight a significant prevalence of T. gondii among pregnant women, with variation across UBSs, pointing to socioeconomic, behavioral, and environmental factors as influential. We also observed co-occurrence with other infections, such as syphilis, rubella, and herpes simplex. The study underscores the need for targeted public health interventions to reduce the risks of congenital infections.
{"title":"Toxoplasma gondii Seropositivity and Co-Infection with TORCH Complex Pathogens in Pregnant Women from Araçatuba, Brazil","authors":"Sabrina Santos Firmino, Thaís Rabelo Santos-Doni, Vitória Maria Farias Silva, Aressa Cassemiro Micheleto, Ma Scalise de Souza, Bruna Lima Hortêncio, Aline do Nascimento Benitez, Yasmin Melim Bento, Gabriele Zaine Teixeira Debortoli, Jancarlo Ferreira Gomes, Italmar Teodorico Navarro, Katia Denise Saraiva Bresciani","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms12091844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12091844","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined the seropositivity of T. gondii and coinfections with other TORCH pathogens among pregnant women attending 17 Basic Health Units (UBS) in Araçatuba, SP, Brazil. Of the 711 pregnant women seen at these UBS, only 297 were tested for T. gondii. Of the women tested for T. gondii (n = 297), 26.9% had IgG antibodies, 6.7% had IgM, and 32.0% tested positive for either or both. Only 1.4% showed both IgG and IgM antibodies, while 67.7% were non-reactive. The seropositivity was 17.1% for syphilis, 63.2% for rubella, 0.9% for hepatitis C, 0.9% for dengue, 17.9% for COVID-19, and 0.9% for herpes simplex (types 1/2). Coinfections with syphilis, rubella, and herpes simplex were also noted. Higher education levels appeared to protect against T. gondii seropositivity. The findings highlight a significant prevalence of T. gondii among pregnant women, with variation across UBSs, pointing to socioeconomic, behavioral, and environmental factors as influential. We also observed co-occurrence with other infections, such as syphilis, rubella, and herpes simplex. The study underscores the need for targeted public health interventions to reduce the risks of congenital infections.","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142203460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：