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An Exploratory Analysis of Speckle Noise Removal Methods for Satellite Images 卫星图像散斑噪声去除方法的探索性分析
Shanthasheela A, P. Shanmugavadivu
Satellite images captured in a variety of modalities serve as the primary source for many applications. Satellite image processing extracts the image /spectral information represented in the form of pixels, classifies those pixels based on the similarity measures and further analyzes the inherent data, as per the requirements. The foremost objective of satellite processing is to automatically categorize the pixels in an image into the respective land cover class labels or themes. These pixels are classified by its spectral information and it is determined by the relative reflectance in various bands of wavelength. The accuracy and outcomes of any satellite image processing procedure, irrespective of the application domain, directly depends on its quality. Satellite images are invariably degraded by speckle noise. Hence, preprocessing the images for speckle noise suppression and/or cloud removal is deemed an inevitable component in satellite image processing. Researchers have proposed a spectrum of methods for speckle noise/cloud removal. A detailed review on the significant research publications on speckle noise removal are summarized in this article. The consolidation of methodology merits and demerits of the select research articles are presented in this paper. This review article on speckle noise removal is designed as a ready-reference for those researchers working in satellite image processing.
以各种方式捕获的卫星图像是许多应用的主要来源。卫星图像处理提取以像元形式表示的图像/光谱信息,根据相似度度量对像元进行分类,并根据需要对固有数据进行进一步分析。卫星处理的首要目标是将图像中的像素自动分类到各自的土地覆盖类别标签或主题中。这些像素根据其光谱信息进行分类,并由波长各波段的相对反射率确定。任何卫星图像处理程序的精度和结果,无论应用领域如何,都直接取决于其质量。卫星图像总是受到散斑噪声的影响。因此,对图像进行预处理以抑制斑点噪声和/或去除云被认为是卫星图像处理中不可避免的组成部分。研究人员提出了一系列去除斑点噪声/云的方法。本文对斑点噪声去除的重要研究成果进行了综述。本文介绍了所选研究文章的方法整合优缺点。这篇关于斑点噪声去除的综述文章旨在为从事卫星图像处理的研究人员提供参考。
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引用次数: 1
Energy Consumption Analysis of K Rank Fusion Detection Under Noise Uncertainty 噪声不确定性下K阶融合检测能耗分析
Jiwu Qian, Yuebin Chen, Chutian Chen
In cognitive unlimited power, single-user spectrum sensing due to environmental impact and hardware factors has been difficult to meet its quasi-conformity. To solve this problem, multi-user spectrum sensing technology has been proposed. However, most of the current literature only focuses on improving the detection performance of the system, and ignores the system energy consumed by processing data in the process of cooperative sensing. Therefore, this paper analyzes the energy consumption in spectrum sensing. In the case of combining noise uncertainty, the system energy is studied based on the K rank fusion rule in the hard fusion criterion. Through experimental simulation, the energy consumed by the system is reduced as the noise uncertainty is reduced.
在认知无限功率下,单用户频谱感知由于环境影响和硬件因素难以满足其准一致性。为了解决这一问题,提出了多用户频谱感知技术。然而,目前的文献大多只关注提高系统的检测性能,而忽略了协同感知过程中处理数据所消耗的系统能量。因此,本文对频谱传感中的能量消耗进行了分析。在结合噪声不确定性的情况下,基于硬融合准则中的K级融合规则对系统能量进行了研究。通过实验仿真,降低了噪声的不确定性,降低了系统的能耗。
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引用次数: 0
A Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Model of Power Quality Based on Normal Cloud Model 基于正态云模型的电能质量模糊综合评价模型
C. Lv, Lijun Tian, Zhiguo Wang
Objective and accurate comprehensive evaluation on power quality is an important evidence for power pricing and power quality assessment. Considering the shortcomings existing in the current methods, a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model of power quality based on normal cloud model is proposed. The normal cloud model is introduced to improve the membership function, and the normal cloud models on grade demarcation of power quality are established so that the fuzzy relation matrix is obtained. Entropy weight method is used to determine the weight of the evaluation indicators. In order to get the comprehensive evaluation grade of power quality, the unsymmetrical proximity criterion is used to analyze the fuzzy comprehensive vector which calculated by weight matrix and the fuzzy relation matrix. Finally, the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed method are verified by a practical example.
客观准确的电能质量综合评价是制定电价和评价电能质量的重要依据。针对现有方法存在的不足,提出了一种基于正态云模型的电能质量模糊综合评价模型。引入正态云模型对隶属函数进行改进,建立了电能质量等级划分的正态云模型,得到了模糊关系矩阵。采用熵权法确定评价指标的权重。为了得到电能质量的综合评价等级,采用不对称接近准则对由权矩阵和模糊关系矩阵计算得到的模糊综合向量进行分析。最后,通过实例验证了该方法的准确性和有效性。
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引用次数: 3
A RFID-Based Temperature Measurement System for Smart Substation 基于rfid的智能变电站温度测量系统
Yiying Zhang, Fei Liu, Haoyuan Pang, Xiangzhen Li, Zhu Liu, Yeshen He
The power load of the high-voltage electrical equipment in the smart grid, such as transformers, switchgear and loop cabinet, has increased dramatically. As the connection point between equipment and equipment is the weakest link in power transmission, and the essence problem of this weak link is the heat at the junction point. As the load increases, the joints heat up and form a vicious cycle: temperature rise, expansion, contraction, oxidation, increasing resistance, heating up again until the accident occurs. In this paper, the on-line temperature monitoring system based on RFID is designed. Through sensing technology, digital recognition technology, wireless communication technology, low power technology, anti-interference technology and automatic control technology, the real-time on-line monitoring of the temperature of the equipment is realized. The problem of SAW temperature measurement and the same frequency misreading and the interference of SAW temperature measurement are completely solved as well as the problem of changing and mistakenly warning. The utility model can be widely applied to temperature monitoring of various high and low voltage switchgear, box type changing and ring network cabinets, and can be installed on new equipment, or can be retrofit on old equipment.
智能电网中变压器、开关柜、环线柜等高压电气设备的电力负荷急剧增加。由于设备与设备之间的连接点是电力传输中最薄弱的环节,而这个薄弱环节的本质问题就是连接点的发热。随着载荷的增加,接头升温,形成一个恶性循环:升温、膨胀、收缩、氧化、阻力增大,再升温,直到事故发生。本文设计了基于RFID的温度在线监测系统。通过传感技术、数字识别技术、无线通信技术、低功耗技术、抗干扰技术和自动控制技术,实现对设备温度的实时在线监测。彻底解决了声表面波测温的同频误读和声表面波测温的干扰问题,以及变化和误报警问题。本实用新型专利技术可广泛应用于各种高低压开关柜、箱式换柜和环网柜的温度监测,既可安装在新设备上,也可在旧设备上进行改造。
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引用次数: 2
Near-Field Antenna Pattern Optimization with Thinned Array Based on Genetic Algorithm 基于遗传算法的稀疏阵列近场天线方向图优化
Tao Chen, Guanghu Jin, Z. Dong
Thinned arrays have advantages of achieving low side lobe with fewer array elements than the full array. The far-field plane wave assumption commonly used in arrays is no longer valid in the situation of radar imaging. With considering the near-field spherical wave effect, this paper utilizes the genetic algorithm to thin the arrays. Radar images of objects are then obtained with the thinned array. Firstly, the pattern formation of antenna array in the near field is discussed. Secondly, we use the genetic algorithm to optimize the selected elements from a full array to achieve a thinned array under the circumstance of the near field. Lastly, radar imaging with the thinned array is compared with the situation of full array. Simulation and RADBASE data processing showed that our proposal has good performance.
薄阵列具有比全阵列用更少的阵列元素实现低旁瓣的优点。阵列中常用的远场平面波假设在雷达成像中已不再适用。考虑近场球面波效应,采用遗传算法对阵列进行细化。然后利用该阵列获得目标的雷达图像。首先,讨论了天线阵近场方向图的形成问题。其次,利用遗传算法对全阵列中所选元素进行优化,实现近场情况下的稀疏阵列;最后,对比了减薄阵列与全阵列的雷达成像情况。仿真和RADBASE数据处理表明我们的方案具有良好的性能。
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引用次数: 1
Character Segmentation of Digital-Display Temperature and Humidity Instrument Based on Contour Features and Structural Rules 基于轮廓特征和结构规则的数显温湿度仪特征分割
Wen Wang, Zenglai Gao, Lei Geng, Fang Zhang, Zhitao Xiao
In order to solve the problems of different types of digital-display temperature and humidity instrument segmentation such as imprecision, light influence and low generality, this paper proposes a method based on contour features and structural rules. Firstly, use the Canny edge detection method to extract the display screen, and utilize straight-line correction algorithm to do the screen correction. Then, characters are coarsely segmented based on the contour features and the different gray values between characters and background. Finally, accurate segmentation is done according to vertical projection and character structure rules. In this paper, the character segmentation is carried out with different types of digital-display temperature and humidity instruments. The experimental results show that the method can accurately segment the effective characters on different types of instruments.
针对不同类型数显温湿度仪分割精度不高、受光影响大、通用性低等问题,提出了一种基于轮廓特征和结构规则的分割方法。首先,利用Canny边缘检测方法对显示屏进行提取,并利用直线校正算法对屏幕进行校正。然后,根据轮廓特征和字符与背景灰度值的不同,对字符进行粗分割;最后根据垂直投影和字符结构规则进行精确分割。本文对不同类型的数显温湿度仪进行了字符分割。实验结果表明,该方法能准确分割出不同类型仪器的有效特征。
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引用次数: 1
Research on Thermocline Tracking Based on Multiple Autonomous Underwater Vehicles 基于多自主水下航行器的温跃层跟踪研究
Zhen Li, Yiping Li
Thermocline is of great significance to marine scientific research. Multi-autonomous underwater vehicles (AUV) have great advantages over single autonomous underwater vehicle in ocean observation. This paper describes a control method for multi-agent formation. Based on this method, a strategy of multi-AUV formation for thermocline tracking is proposed. This paper firstly analyzes the stability of the formation control method based on the virtual body and artificial potential method (VBAP), and verifies the feasibility of this control method on the target-tracking problem by tracking a curved surface in space. Where after, in this paper, a thermocline tracking strategy based on vertical temperature gradient is proposed. Then the simulation experiment is designed based on the above control method and temperature data. The experimental results express that the multi-AUV formation can always keep working between the upper and lower boundary of thermocline, and tracks the thermocline effectively.
温跃层对海洋科学研究具有重要意义。多自主水下航行器(AUV)在海洋观测中具有单自主水下航行器不可比拟的优势。本文提出了一种多智能体编队的控制方法。在此基础上,提出了一种多水下机器人编队的温跃层跟踪策略。本文首先分析了基于虚拟体人工势法(VBAP)的编队控制方法的稳定性,并通过对空间曲面的跟踪,验证了该控制方法在目标跟踪问题上的可行性。其中,本文提出了一种基于垂直温度梯度的温跃层跟踪策略。然后根据上述控制方法和温度数据设计了仿真实验。实验结果表明,多auv编队能够始终保持在温跃层上下边界之间工作,并能有效地跟踪温跃层。
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引用次数: 1
An Advance on Gender Classification by Information Preserving Features 基于信息保持特征的性别分类研究进展
K. Kuppusamy, C. Eswaran
One of the most challenging issues in Speaker's Gender Classification (SGC) is feature extraction. Since, it degrades the classification accuracy due to information loss during features extraction using speech signals. In previous researches, Perceptual Linear Prediction (PLP) coefficients were extracted by using Blackman windowing method along with the other features of speech signal to improve the classification accuracy. However, still some information was lost at those window edges which degrade the recognition accuracy and also more efficient features were required to improve the classification performance. Hence in this paper, SGC is improved by extracting the PLP coefficients based on novel windowing technique. In this technique, initially type-1 features such as spectral and prosodic features of speech signal are extracted. In addition, Information Preserving Perceptual Linear Prediction (IPPLP) coefficients are also extracted using Slepian windowing method. Moreover, the frequency-dependent transmission characteristics of the outer ear are compensated based on the analysis of time-varying Equal Loudness Contour (ELC) curves and Peak-to-Loudness Ratio (PLR). After that, the extracted IPPLP features are fused with type-1 features and classified by using different combinations of classifiers like Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM), Support Vector Machine (SVM) and GMM supervectors-based SVM at score level fusion scheme. According to the final classification result, the type of speaker's gender is recognized. Finally, the experimental results show the significant improvements on classification accuracy by using proposed classification technique. With the proposed speaker's gender classification technique, the classification accuracy values are obtained 38.55%, 62.65% and 69.88% in GMM, SVM and GMM-SVM classification, respectively.
说话人性别分类中最具挑战性的问题之一是特征提取。由于在语音信号特征提取过程中存在信息丢失,降低了分类精度。在以往的研究中,为了提高分类精度,将感知线性预测(PLP)系数与语音信号的其他特征结合使用Blackman加窗方法进行提取。然而,在这些窗口边缘仍然会丢失一些信息,从而降低识别的准确性,并且需要更有效的特征来提高分类性能。因此,本文采用新的加窗技术提取PLP系数,对SGC进行了改进。在该技术中,首先提取语音信号的谱特征和韵律特征等一类特征。此外,还采用Slepian加窗法提取了信息保持感知线性预测(IPPLP)系数。此外,基于时变等响度轮廓(ELC)曲线和峰响度比(PLR)分析,对外耳频率相关的传输特性进行了补偿。然后,将提取的IPPLP特征与type-1特征融合,在分数级融合方案中使用高斯混合模型(GMM)、支持向量机(SVM)和基于GMM超向量的支持向量机(SVM)的不同分类器组合进行分类。根据最终的分类结果,识别说话人的性别类型。最后,实验结果表明,采用本文提出的分类技术可以显著提高分类精度。采用本文提出的说话人性别分类技术,在GMM、SVM和GMM-SVM分类中分别获得38.55%、62.65%和69.88%的分类准确率。
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引用次数: 3
Optimized Variable Size Windowing Based Speaker Verification 优化的基于可变大小窗口的说话人验证
Sujiya Sreedharan, C. Eswaran
In recent years the variances of speech features of speaker verification system were measured by computing covariance matrix parameterized through its eigenvalues and vectors by keeping fixed sliding window size. The computed eigenvectors were weighted with its corresponding magnitude and normalized. Then, the features were extracted and fused using different fusion techniques for recognizing the speaker. However, this approach was not suitable for all types of datasets and some significant feature information may be lost during extraction based on fixed window size. Hence in this article, the variable size sliding window is applied for Speaker Verification system. Initially, the speech signal is considered as input and the FMPM features are extracted using FDLP, MHEC and PNCC including MFCC based on the variable size of a sliding window. Here, the sliding window size is optimized by Modified Grey Wolf Optimization (MGWO) algorithm which is also used for selecting the classifier parameters and most optimal features adaptively. The most optimal features are selected from the extracted FMPM and classified by using GMM classification. Thus, the proposed approach allows continuous adaptation of SV using variable window size and classifier parameters. Finally, the considerable improvements in Speaker Verification are observed through experimental results.
近年来,说话人验证系统的语音特征方差测量是通过计算协方差矩阵来实现的,协方差矩阵通过特征值和向量参数化,并保持固定的滑动窗口大小。将计算得到的特征向量与其相应的幅度进行加权并归一化。然后,利用不同的融合技术提取特征并进行融合,实现说话人识别。然而,这种方法并不适用于所有类型的数据集,并且在基于固定窗口大小的提取过程中可能会丢失一些重要的特征信息。因此,本文将变大小滑动窗口应用于说话人验证系统。首先,将语音信号作为输入,使用FDLP、MHEC和PNCC(包括基于可变大小的滑动窗口MFCC)提取FMPM特征。其中,滑动窗口大小采用改进灰狼优化算法(MGWO)进行优化,该算法还用于自适应选择分类器参数和最优特征。从提取的FMPM中选择最优的特征,使用GMM分类进行分类。因此,所提出的方法允许使用可变窗口大小和分类器参数连续适应SV。实验结果表明,该方法在说话人验证方面有较大的改进。
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引用次数: 1
Reliability Evaluation of Complex Equipment Based on Virtual Samples and Performance Degradation 基于虚拟样本和性能退化的复杂设备可靠性评估
Xinchao Zhao, Weimin Lv
Aiming at the difficulties in reliability evaluation of small samples and multi-performance parameter products, a reliability evaluation method based on virtual samples and performance degradation is proposed. Firstly, the multi-performance parameter distance concept is introduced, and the original parameter is virtual augmented with the performance parameter distance. Secondly, the improved Elman neural network is used to process the sample to obtain the complete degradation trajectory. Finally, this method is combined with the performance prediction method based on performance degradation to process the degradation data of a certain type of space relay and obtain a lifetime of 128 hours. The result shows the method effectively solves the processing problem of the rare sample data in the accelerated degradation test, which has certain reference significance.
针对小样本、多性能参数产品可靠性评估的难点,提出了一种基于虚拟样本和性能退化的可靠性评估方法。首先,引入多性能参数距离的概念,将原参数与性能参数距离进行虚拟增广;其次,利用改进的Elman神经网络对样本进行处理,得到完整的退化轨迹;最后,将该方法与基于性能退化的性能预测方法相结合,对某型空间继电器的退化数据进行处理,得到其寿命为128小时。结果表明,该方法有效地解决了加速降解试验中稀有样品数据的处理问题,具有一定的参考意义。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Proceedings of the 2018 International Conference on Electronics and Electrical Engineering Technology
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