Pub Date : 2022-10-26DOI: 10.19080/tbsnd.2022.04.555639
Felipe Velasquez-Botero
{"title":"Imaging in Neurodegenerative Syndromes: How to Recognize Dementia Spectrum Disorders?","authors":"Felipe Velasquez-Botero","doi":"10.19080/tbsnd.2022.04.555639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/tbsnd.2022.04.555639","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":186900,"journal":{"name":"Theranostics of Brain, Spine & Neural Disorders","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124735214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-08-24DOI: 10.19080/tbsnd.2017.01.555575
G. A. Diaz
Up to 80% of patients with schizophrenia have suffered from sleep disorders (SD), which are normally under diagnosed and undertreated due to lack of consideration in the management of schizophrenia. The most common sleep disorders in schizophrenia are insomnia, restless leg syndrome (RLS), obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), hypersomnia, parasomnia and circadian rhythm disorders. The relevance of insomnia should be emphasized, as it can be a prodromal signof schizophrenia, as well as an alarm sign of an incipient psychotic decompensation. Additionally, the clinical recovery of a psychotic process is usually correlated with sleep normalization. Multiple polysomnographic disturbances on sleep architecture have been found in patients with schizophrenia, including increased sleep latency, awakenings during sleep, sleep-wake cycle inversion, as well as poor sleep efficiency. These objective disturbances have been correlated to subjective poor sleep quality and other main clinical symptoms in schizophrenia.
{"title":"Sleep Disorders in Schizophrenia. A Review of Literature","authors":"G. A. Diaz","doi":"10.19080/tbsnd.2017.01.555575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/tbsnd.2017.01.555575","url":null,"abstract":"Up to 80% of patients with schizophrenia have suffered from sleep disorders (SD), which are normally under diagnosed and undertreated due to lack of consideration in the management of schizophrenia. The most common sleep disorders in schizophrenia are insomnia, restless leg syndrome (RLS), obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), hypersomnia, parasomnia and circadian rhythm disorders. The relevance of insomnia should be emphasized, as it can be a prodromal signof schizophrenia, as well as an alarm sign of an incipient psychotic decompensation. Additionally, the clinical recovery of a psychotic process is usually correlated with sleep normalization. Multiple polysomnographic disturbances on sleep architecture have been found in patients with schizophrenia, including increased sleep latency, awakenings during sleep, sleep-wake cycle inversion, as well as poor sleep efficiency. These objective disturbances have been correlated to subjective poor sleep quality and other main clinical symptoms in schizophrenia.","PeriodicalId":186900,"journal":{"name":"Theranostics of Brain, Spine & Neural Disorders","volume":"144 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129262153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-08-23DOI: 10.19080/tbsnd.2017.01.555573
T. Chatterjee
There is an increasing need of suitable biomarkers for the diagnosis and management of many psychiatric disorders. In recent time, micro-RNAs have shown substantial potential to become the circulatory biomarkers for a number of diseases. In this small review at attempt has been made to acknowledge recent developments in identifying of potential circulatory micro-RNA biomarkers in the diagnosis of some psychiatric disorders. We have also discussed the potential use of micro-RNA for future therapeutic purposes of such diseases.
{"title":"Potential Use of Micro-Rnas as Biomarkers and Therapeutic Purposes in Psychiatric Disorders","authors":"T. Chatterjee","doi":"10.19080/tbsnd.2017.01.555573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/tbsnd.2017.01.555573","url":null,"abstract":"There is an increasing need of suitable biomarkers for the diagnosis and management of many psychiatric disorders. In recent time, micro-RNAs have shown substantial potential to become the circulatory biomarkers for a number of diseases. In this small review at attempt has been made to acknowledge recent developments in identifying of potential circulatory micro-RNA biomarkers in the diagnosis of some psychiatric disorders. We have also discussed the potential use of micro-RNA for future therapeutic purposes of such diseases.","PeriodicalId":186900,"journal":{"name":"Theranostics of Brain, Spine & Neural Disorders","volume":"789 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123904144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-08-23DOI: 10.19080/tbsnd.2017.01.555572
Uqbah Iqbal
{"title":"Stress Control and Concerns: Cognitive and Behavioral Assessments","authors":"Uqbah Iqbal","doi":"10.19080/tbsnd.2017.01.555572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/tbsnd.2017.01.555572","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":186900,"journal":{"name":"Theranostics of Brain, Spine & Neural Disorders","volume":"135 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121474720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-08-17DOI: 10.19080/tbsnd.2017.01.555570
Abbas Alnaji
Facial (Bell’s) palsy or the seventh cranial nerve paralysis or neuritis (± myositis) is of unknown origin some associate it with Herpes simplex viral infection in many occasions whether acute or recurrent. As standard treated with steroids for several days many add antiviral of H. simplex. Traditionally the early hours of affection is the golden time for good results with treatment after which the recovery is weak as time lapses. Many cases left with wide range of residual neural deficits even with early steroid medication. Recurrence is not uncommon. Programs and measures are established worldwide for those with residual dysfunction or disfiguring with many physiotherapy arts. Lyme disease, chronic brucellosis and many other bacteria are mentioned to do the same, but so underestimated on the earth when management is considered. When I concentrated in my work for the last five years on the a fore mentioned two bacteria, the facial residual defect disappeared even after years of affection.
{"title":"Neurobiology: Facial (Bell’s) Palsy, Could be Pure Bacterial in Origin","authors":"Abbas Alnaji","doi":"10.19080/tbsnd.2017.01.555570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/tbsnd.2017.01.555570","url":null,"abstract":"Facial (Bell’s) palsy or the seventh cranial nerve paralysis or neuritis (± myositis) is of unknown origin some associate it with Herpes simplex viral infection in many occasions whether acute or recurrent. As standard treated with steroids for several days many add antiviral of H. simplex. Traditionally the early hours of affection is the golden time for good results with treatment after which the recovery is weak as time lapses. Many cases left with wide range of residual neural deficits even with early steroid medication. Recurrence is not uncommon. Programs and measures are established worldwide for those with residual dysfunction or disfiguring with many physiotherapy arts. Lyme disease, chronic brucellosis and many other bacteria are mentioned to do the same, but so underestimated on the earth when management is considered. When I concentrated in my work for the last five years on the a fore mentioned two bacteria, the facial residual defect disappeared even after years of affection.","PeriodicalId":186900,"journal":{"name":"Theranostics of Brain, Spine & Neural Disorders","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131685113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-08-15DOI: 10.19080/tbsnd.2017.01.555569
L. M
{"title":"The Economic Costs of Some Preventable Brain Disorder","authors":"L. M","doi":"10.19080/tbsnd.2017.01.555569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/tbsnd.2017.01.555569","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":186900,"journal":{"name":"Theranostics of Brain, Spine & Neural Disorders","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121893871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-08-09DOI: 10.19080/tbsnd.2017.01.555568
A. Suputtitada
Abnormal gait patterns are commonly found in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). These often consist of short shuffling steps, decreased walking speed, increased cadence and freezing of gait. External cues have been tested for improving gait ability in patients with PD. Advanced rehabilitation techniques have been evidenced over the years: these included treadmill walking, direct current stimulation, transcranial magnetic stimulation and ground training with cues. Traditionally, visual cues had been used in the form of a series of strips located on the floor in transverse lines for the patient to walk over and pole striding which has been shown to reduce gait variability. In addition, laser guided-walking cues have been proposed which can be in the form of goggles with a light emitting diode (LED), laser guided-walking cane, or a laser-assisted device (LAD).
{"title":"Cueing Effect of Gait Ability in Parkinson’s Disease","authors":"A. Suputtitada","doi":"10.19080/tbsnd.2017.01.555568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/tbsnd.2017.01.555568","url":null,"abstract":"Abnormal gait patterns are commonly found in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). These often consist of short shuffling steps, decreased walking speed, increased cadence and freezing of gait. External cues have been tested for improving gait ability in patients with PD. Advanced rehabilitation techniques have been evidenced over the years: these included treadmill walking, direct current stimulation, transcranial magnetic stimulation and ground training with cues. Traditionally, visual cues had been used in the form of a series of strips located on the floor in transverse lines for the patient to walk over and pole striding which has been shown to reduce gait variability. In addition, laser guided-walking cues have been proposed which can be in the form of goggles with a light emitting diode (LED), laser guided-walking cane, or a laser-assisted device (LAD).","PeriodicalId":186900,"journal":{"name":"Theranostics of Brain, Spine & Neural Disorders","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129680648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-08-09DOI: 10.19080/tbsnd.2017.01.555567
Eric Shyman
The identification and diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) has become an international educational and medical priority over the last two to three decades, resulting in a surge of research from a variety of perspectives. This brief, selective review of extant literature attempts to identify some major themes in the neurological study of ASD in order to help organize further research endeavors as well as inform educational and interventional decision making. The main areas addressed in this paper are sensory processing, social-emotional processing, and connectivity.
{"title":"The Brains behind Autism Spectrum Disorder: Exploring Emerging Elements of Potential Neurological Phenotypes","authors":"Eric Shyman","doi":"10.19080/tbsnd.2017.01.555567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/tbsnd.2017.01.555567","url":null,"abstract":"The identification and diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) has become an international educational and medical priority over the last two to three decades, resulting in a surge of research from a variety of perspectives. This brief, selective review of extant literature attempts to identify some major themes in the neurological study of ASD in order to help organize further research endeavors as well as inform educational and interventional decision making. The main areas addressed in this paper are sensory processing, social-emotional processing, and connectivity.","PeriodicalId":186900,"journal":{"name":"Theranostics of Brain, Spine & Neural Disorders","volume":"122 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113989737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-18DOI: 10.19080/tbsnd.2017.01.555566
M. Bourin
Alzheimer’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by an insidious onset, a gradual decline in cognitive functions, a constant but frequent occurrence of non-cognitive disturbances (psychological and behavioral disorders) and inexorably leading to a loss of functional autonomy. Alzheimer’s dementia corresponds to the stage of the illness during which the clinical symptoms (affecting memory and other areas) are sufficient to alter the activities of everyday life. Typical Alzheimer’s disease (common form) is characterized by the installation of an early and significant progressive deficit of the episodic memory that will always remain dominant. Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia represent common clinical features of dementias, contributing to the heterogeneous phenotypic expression of Alzheimer’s disease. Recently proposed diagnostic criteria, in addition to the clinical neuropsychological examination aimed at identifying the typical AD symptoms, include staging criteria based on AD biological measures related to its pathology. Despite the obvious benefits of these new criteria, an accurate diagnosis is not always easily reached because, particularly in its earliest stages, the symptoms of the disease are very variable. Biological measures, or biomarkers, of the disease should first facilitate an early and accurate diagnosis, have a prognostic and predictive value, and have the capacity to monitor therapeutic efficacy. Amyloid imaging and CSF tau/A p ratio may be useful in the differential diagnosis with other neurodegenerative dementias, especially, in early onset cases the evolution during which it will associate with other cognitive disorders.
{"title":"How to Diagnose an Alzheimer Disease?","authors":"M. Bourin","doi":"10.19080/tbsnd.2017.01.555566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/tbsnd.2017.01.555566","url":null,"abstract":"Alzheimer’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by an insidious onset, a gradual decline in cognitive functions, a constant but frequent occurrence of non-cognitive disturbances (psychological and behavioral disorders) and inexorably leading to a loss of functional autonomy. Alzheimer’s dementia corresponds to the stage of the illness during which the clinical symptoms (affecting memory and other areas) are sufficient to alter the activities of everyday life. Typical Alzheimer’s disease (common form) is characterized by the installation of an early and significant progressive deficit of the episodic memory that will always remain dominant. Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia represent common clinical features of dementias, contributing to the heterogeneous phenotypic expression of Alzheimer’s disease. Recently proposed diagnostic criteria, in addition to the clinical neuropsychological examination aimed at identifying the typical AD symptoms, include staging criteria based on AD biological measures related to its pathology. Despite the obvious benefits of these new criteria, an accurate diagnosis is not always easily reached because, particularly in its earliest stages, the symptoms of the disease are very variable. Biological measures, or biomarkers, of the disease should first facilitate an early and accurate diagnosis, have a prognostic and predictive value, and have the capacity to monitor therapeutic efficacy. Amyloid imaging and CSF tau/A p ratio may be useful in the differential diagnosis with other neurodegenerative dementias, especially, in early onset cases the evolution during which it will associate with other cognitive disorders.","PeriodicalId":186900,"journal":{"name":"Theranostics of Brain, Spine & Neural Disorders","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129512802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-11DOI: 10.19080/tbsnd.2017.01.555565
A. Shankar
Ipsilateral peripheral facial weakness of sudden onset, named after Sir James Bell, though a self recovering disease but presents with hazards like Facial pain, weakness of facial muscle, deviated angle of mouth, synkinesis, crocodile tear and jaw wink etc. It is caused by HSV Common above 70 years age, less common below 10 years, children are commonly affected during winter, 3rd trimester of pregnancy is more succeptable for HSV infection and affect 20 per lakh of population. Conventional regieme constitute Antivial ,steroid and physical therapy but the modified regieme constituting Antiviral (Famciclovir), Neurovitamin with Betamethasone, Bioneurogen and active passive exercise improves the therapeutic outcome even in patients with associated risk factor as evidenced in 253 patients who recovered completely within 45 days of therapy without any consequent sequel.
{"title":"Bell's Palsy: Current Status","authors":"A. Shankar","doi":"10.19080/tbsnd.2017.01.555565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/tbsnd.2017.01.555565","url":null,"abstract":"Ipsilateral peripheral facial weakness of sudden onset, named after Sir James Bell, though a self recovering disease but presents with hazards like Facial pain, weakness of facial muscle, deviated angle of mouth, synkinesis, crocodile tear and jaw wink etc. It is caused by HSV Common above 70 years age, less common below 10 years, children are commonly affected during winter, 3rd trimester of pregnancy is more succeptable for HSV infection and affect 20 per lakh of population. Conventional regieme constitute Antivial ,steroid and physical therapy but the modified regieme constituting Antiviral (Famciclovir), Neurovitamin with Betamethasone, Bioneurogen and active passive exercise improves the therapeutic outcome even in patients with associated risk factor as evidenced in 253 patients who recovered completely within 45 days of therapy without any consequent sequel.","PeriodicalId":186900,"journal":{"name":"Theranostics of Brain, Spine & Neural Disorders","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124598728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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