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Making the Most of Lateral Flow Immunochromatographic Tests: An Efficient Protocol to Recover DNA. 充分利用侧流免疫层析测试:回收 DNA 的高效方案。
IF 2.3 Q3 BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS Pub Date : 2024-01-15 DOI: 10.3390/mps7010008
Sara C Zapico, Gabriela Roca

Lateral flow immunochromatographic (LFI) tests are widely used in both biomedical and forensic sciences for different applications. In forensic sciences, their main use is to detect body fluids at crime scenes. However, there are situations in which the amount of potential biological evidence is so low that DNA extraction is favored with respect to the identification of body fluids. Here, an efficient and quick protocol is presented to integrate the detection of body fluids through LFI with DNA extraction from a sample swab and buffer, providing a complete characterization of the biological evidence. This protocol is a modification of a general DNA extraction silica-based kit, whose main application is for blood and tissues. Thus, it could be carried out in different settings (forensic labs, hospitals, other testing labs) without the necessity of buying a specific kit for swabs. The validation of this protocol is supported by the results presented here and previous publications from our group, obtaining DNA in good quantity and with good quality. This proves the potential application of the protocol in both forensic scenarios, to fully characterize biological evidence, and biomedical settings, to molecularly confirm the results of LFI tests.

侧流免疫层析(LFI)检测被广泛应用于生物医学和法医学的不同领域。在法医学中,其主要用途是检测犯罪现场的体液。然而,在某些情况下,潜在的生物证据数量很少,因此 DNA 提取在体液鉴定中更受青睐。本文介绍了一种高效、快速的方案,可将通过 LFI 检测体液与从样本拭子和缓冲液中提取 DNA 结合起来,从而提供生物证据的完整特征。该方案是对一般 DNA 提取硅基试剂盒的改进,该试剂盒主要用于血液和组织。因此,它可以在不同的环境(法医实验室、医院、其他检测实验室)中使用,而无需购买专门用于拭子的试剂盒。本报告和我们小组以前发表的文章都证明了这一方法的有效性,我们获得了数量多、质量好的 DNA。这证明了该方案在法医领域和生物医学领域的潜在应用,前者可用于全面鉴定生物证据,后者可用于分子确认 LFI 检测结果。
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引用次数: 0
Mapping m6A Sites on HIV-1 RNA Using Oligonucleotide LC-MS/MS 利用寡核苷酸 LC-MS/MS 绘制 HIV-1 RNA 上的 m6A 位点图
IF 2.4 Q3 BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS Pub Date : 2024-01-10 DOI: 10.3390/mps7010007
Alice Baek, Asif Rayhan, Ga-Eun Lee, Sarah Golconda, H. Yu, Shihyoung Kim, P. Limbach, Balasubrahmanyam Addepalli, Sanggu Kim
The biological significance of chemical modifications to the ribonucleic acid (RNA) of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) has been recognized. However, our understanding of the site-specific and context-dependent roles of these chemical modifications remains limited, primarily due to the absence of nucleotide-resolution mapping of modification sites. In this study, we present a method for achieving nucleotide-resolution mapping of chemical modification sites on HIV-1 RNA using liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). LC–MS/MS, a powerful tool capable of directly analyzing native RNAs, has proven effective for mapping RNA modifications in small RNA molecules, including ribosomal RNA and transfer RNA. However, longer RNAs have posed challenges, such as the 9 Kb HIV-1 virion RNA, due to the complexity of and ambiguity in mass differences among RNase T1-cleaved RNA fragments in LC-MS/MS data. Here, we introduce a new target RNA enrichment method to isolate small local RNA fragments of HIV-1 RNA that potentially harbor site-specific N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modifications. In our initial trial, we used target-specific DNA probes only and encountered insufficient RNA fragmentation due to inefficient S1 digestion near the target site. Recognizing that inefficient S1 digestion by HIV-1 RNA is likely due to the formation of secondary structures in proximity to the target site, we designed multiple DNA probes annealing to various sites of HIV-1 RNA to better control the structures of RNA substrates for S1 digestion. The use of these non-target DNA probes significantly improved the isolation of more homogeneous target RNA fragments of approximately 50 bases in length. Oligonucleotide LC-MS/MS analysis of these isolated target RNA fragments successfully separated and detected both m6A-methylated and non-methylated oligomers at the two m6A-predicted sites. The principle of this new target enrichment strategy holds promise and should be broadly applicable to the analysis of any lengthy RNA that was previously deemed infeasible for investigation using oligonucleotide LC-MS/MS.
人类免疫缺陷病毒 1 型(HIV-1)核糖核酸(RNA)化学修饰的生物学意义已得到公认。然而,我们对这些化学修饰的位点特异性和上下文依赖性作用的了解仍然有限,这主要是由于缺乏修饰位点的核苷酸分辨率图谱。在本研究中,我们提出了一种利用液相色谱法和串联质谱法(LC-MS/MS)实现 HIV-1 RNA 上化学修饰位点核苷酸分辨率图谱绘制的方法。液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)是一种能直接分析原生 RNA 的强大工具,已被证明能有效绘制小 RNA 分子(包括核糖体 RNA 和转移 RNA)的 RNA 修饰图谱。然而,由于 LC-MS/MS 数据中 RNase T1 切分的 RNA 片段的复杂性和质量差异的不确定性,较长的 RNA(如 9 Kb 的 HIV-1 病毒 RNA)带来了挑战。在这里,我们介绍了一种新的目标 RNA 富集方法,用于分离可能含有特异性 N6-甲基腺苷(m6A)修饰位点的 HIV-1 RNA 小片段。在最初的试验中,我们只使用了目标特异性 DNA 探针,但由于目标位点附近的 S1 消化效率不高,导致 RNA 片段不充分。我们认识到,HIV-1 RNA 的 S1 消化效率低下很可能是由于目标位点附近形成了二级结构,因此我们设计了多个与 HIV-1 RNA 不同位点退火的 DNA 探针,以更好地控制 S1 消化的 RNA 底物结构。使用这些非目标 DNA 探针大大提高了分离长度约为 50 个碱基的更均匀目标 RNA 片段的能力。对这些分离出的目标 RNA 片段进行寡核苷酸 LC-MS/MS 分析,成功分离并检测出两个 m6A 预测位点上的 m6A 甲基化和非甲基化寡聚体。这种新的目标富集策略的原理前景广阔,可广泛应用于分析以前认为无法使用寡核苷酸 LC-MS/MS 进行研究的任何长 RNA。
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引用次数: 0
Optimal Selection of Sampling Points within Sewer Networks for Wastewater-Based Epidemiology Applications 优化选择下水道网络中的采样点,实现基于废水的流行病学应用
IF 2.4 Q3 BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS Pub Date : 2024-01-05 DOI: 10.3390/mps7010006
Yao Yao, Yibo Zhu, Regina Nogueira, Frank Klawonn, Markus Wallner
Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) has great potential to monitor community public health, especially during pandemics. However, it faces substantial hurdles in pathogen surveillance through WBE, encompassing data representativeness, spatiotemporal variability, population estimates, pathogen decay, and environmental factors. This paper aims to enhance the reliability of WBE data, especially for early outbreak detection and improved sampling strategies within sewer networks. The tool implemented in this paper combines a monitoring model and an optimization model to facilitate the optimal selection of sampling points within sewer networks. The monitoring model utilizes parameters such as feces density and average water consumption to define the detectability of the virus that needs to be monitored. This allows for standardization and simplicity in the process of moving from the analysis of wastewater samples to the identification of infection in the source area. The entropy-based model can select optimal sampling points in a sewer network to obtain the most specific information at a minimum cost. The practicality of our tool is validated using data from Hildesheim, Germany, employing SARS-CoV-2 as a pilot pathogen. It is important to note that the tool’s versatility empowers its extension to monitor other pathogens in the future.
基于废水的流行病学(WBE)在监测社区公共卫生方面具有巨大潜力,尤其是在大流行病期间。然而,通过 WBE 进行病原体监测面临着巨大障碍,包括数据代表性、时空变异性、人口估计、病原体衰变和环境因素。本文旨在提高世界生物圈保护区数据的可靠性,特别是用于早期疫情检测和改进下水道网络内的采样策略。本文中使用的工具结合了监测模型和优化模型,有助于优化下水道网络中采样点的选择。监测模型利用粪便密度和平均用水量等参数来确定需要监测的病毒的可检测性。这使得从分析废水样本到确定感染源区域的过程变得标准化和简单化。基于熵的模型可以在下水道网络中选择最佳采样点,从而以最小的成本获取最具体的信息。我们利用德国希尔德斯海姆的数据,以 SARS-CoV-2 为试点病原体,验证了我们工具的实用性。值得注意的是,该工具的多功能性使其在未来能够扩展到监测其他病原体。
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引用次数: 0
Introducing Artificial Intelligence in Interpretation of Foetal Cardiotocography: Medical Dataset Curation and Preliminary Coding—An Interdisciplinary Project 将人工智能引入胎儿心动图解读:医学数据集整理和初步编码--一个跨学科项目
IF 2.4 Q3 BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS Pub Date : 2024-01-04 DOI: 10.3390/mps7010005
J. L. Aeberhard, A. Radan, Ramin Abolfazl Soltani, K. Strahm, S. Schneider, Adriana Carrié, Mathieu Lemay, Jens Krauss, Ricard Delgado-Gonzalo, Daniel Surbek
Artificial intelligence (AI) is gaining increasing interest in the field of medicine because of its capacity to process big data and pattern recognition. Cardiotocography (CTG) is widely used for the assessment of foetal well-being and uterine contractions during pregnancy and labour. It is characterised by inter- and intraobserver variability in interpretation, which depends on the observers’ experience. Artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted interpretation could improve its quality and, thus, intrapartal care. Cardiotocography (CTG) raw signals from labouring women were extracted from the database at the University Hospital of Bern between 2006 and 2019. Later, they were matched with the corresponding foetal outcomes, namely arterial umbilical cord pH and 5-min APGAR score. Excluded were deliveries where data were incomplete, as well as multiple births. Clinical data were grouped regarding foetal pH and APGAR score at 5 min after delivery. Physiological foetal pH was defined as 7.15 and above, and a 5-min APGAR score was considered physiologic when reaching ≥7. With these groups, the algorithm was trained to predict foetal hypoxia. Raw data from 19,399 CTG recordings could be exported. This was accomplished by manually searching the patient’s identification numbers (PIDs) and extracting the corresponding raw data from each episode. For some patients, only one episode per pregnancy could be found, whereas for others, up to ten episodes were available. Initially, 3400 corresponding clinical outcomes were found for the 19,399 CTGs (17.52%). Due to the small size, this dataset was rejected, and a new search strategy was elaborated. After further matching and curation, 6141 (31.65%) paired data samples could be extracted (cardiotocography raw data and corresponding maternal and foetal outcomes). Of these, half will be used to train artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms, whereas the other half will be used for analysis of efficacy. Complete data could only be found for one-third of the available population. Yet, to our knowledge, this is the most exhaustive and second-largest cardiotocography database worldwide, which can be used for computer analysis and programming. A further enrichment of the database is planned.
人工智能(AI)因其处理大数据和模式识别的能力而在医学领域日益受到关注。在妊娠和分娩过程中,胎儿心动图(CTG)被广泛用于评估胎儿健康状况和子宫收缩情况。其特点是观察者之间和观察者内部的解释存在差异,这取决于观察者的经验。人工智能(AI)辅助判读可提高其质量,从而改善产科护理。我们从伯尔尼大学医院的数据库中提取了 2006 年至 2019 年间产妇的心动图(CTG)原始信号。随后,将其与相应的胎儿结果(即动脉脐带 pH 值和 5 分钟 APGAR 评分)进行比对。数据不完整的分娩和多胎分娩除外。根据胎儿 pH 值和产后 5 分钟 APGAR 评分对临床数据进行分组。生理胎儿 pH 值定义为 7.15 及以上,5 分钟 APGAR 评分达到≥7 分即为生理胎儿。根据这些组别,对算法进行了预测胎儿缺氧的训练。可以导出 19,399 次 CTG 记录的原始数据。这是通过手动搜索患者的身份识别码(PID)并从每个事件中提取相应的原始数据来实现的。对于某些患者,每次妊娠只能找到一次记录,而对于其他患者,则可以找到多达十次记录。最初,为 19,399 个 CTG(17.52%)找到了 3400 个相应的临床结果。由于规模较小,该数据集被剔除,并制定了新的搜索策略。经过进一步比对和整理,可以提取出 6141 个(31.65%)配对数据样本(心动图原始数据及相应的母体和胎儿结果)。其中,一半将用于训练人工智能(AI)算法,另一半将用于疗效分析。我们只能找到现有人群中三分之一的完整数据。然而,据我们所知,这是全球最详尽和第二大的心脏排卵造影数据库,可用于计算机分析和编程。我们计划进一步丰富该数据库。
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引用次数: 0
A Scoping Review Protocol of Social Determinants of HIV/TB Coinfections in Sub-Saharan Africa 撒哈拉以南非洲艾滋病毒/结核病并发感染的社会决定因素范围界定审查议定书
IF 2.4 Q3 BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS Pub Date : 2024-01-04 DOI: 10.3390/mps7010004
Lucas Banda, Olanrewaju Oladimeji
Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) remain major public health issues in sub-Saharan Africa. The co-occurrence of these diseases is a growing concern in the region, and social determinants, the circumstances under which people are born, live, work, and age, are known to influence the risk of disease transmission, diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes. Here, we present a protocol for the evidence synthesis on the social determinants of HIV/TB coinfections in sub-Saharan Africa. The high prevalence of Tuberculosis (TB) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) in sub-Saharan Africa presents significant public health challenges. TB/HIV comorbidity is influenced by various social determinants, including social, economic, cultural, and environmental factors, impacting disease transmission risk, accurate diagnosis, and treatment outcomes. This study protocol aims to provide an evidence synthesis on the social determinants of HIV/TB coinfection in sub-Saharan Africa. Methods and analysis: The researchers will use the Arksey and O’Malley’s (2005) methodological framework to guide the scoping review. First, databases such as PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and PsychInfo will be searched. The researchers will then proceed in two steps. Before finalising the study selection, two independent reviewers will examine the article titles and abstracts for eligibility and inclusion. The researchers will then conduct a full-text screening of the articles based on the selected titles and abstracts. The authors’ tool will be used to extract data, ensuring that the articles are properly screened and that the risk of bias is minimized. The chosen studies will be examined using a standardized tool to examine all bibliographic data and study characteristics. Ethics and dissemination: The review will provide an overview of the social determinants influencing the prevalence and outcomes of TB/HIV comorbidity in the region, as well as identify any research gaps. Policymakers, researchers, and healthcare professionals will benefit from the findings in developing targeted interventions to address the social determinants of TB/HIV comorbidity in sub-Saharan Africa.
导言:结核病(TB)和人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)仍然是撒哈拉以南非洲地区的主要公共卫生问题。众所周知,社会决定因素,即人们出生、生活、工作和年龄的环境,会影响疾病传播、诊断、治疗和结果的风险。在此,我们将介绍撒哈拉以南非洲地区艾滋病毒/结核病并发感染的社会决定因素的证据综合方案。结核病(TB)和人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)在撒哈拉以南非洲地区的高发病率给公共卫生带来了巨大挑战。结核病/艾滋病合并症受到各种社会决定因素的影响,包括社会、经济、文化和环境因素,这些因素影响着疾病传播风险、准确诊断和治疗效果。本研究方案旨在对撒哈拉以南非洲地区 HIV/TB 合并感染的社会决定因素进行证据综述。方法与分析:研究人员将使用 Arksey 和 O'Malley(2005 年)的方法框架来指导范围界定审查。首先,将检索 PubMed、MEDLINE、Web of Science 和 PsychInfo 等数据库。然后,研究人员将分两步进行。在最终确定研究选题之前,两名独立审稿人将审查文章标题和摘要,以确定是否符合条件并纳入研究。然后,研究人员将根据选定的标题和摘要对文章进行全文筛选。将使用作者工具提取数据,确保文章经过适当筛选,并将偏倚风险降至最低。将使用标准化工具对所选研究进行审查,以检查所有书目数据和研究特征。伦理和传播:综述将概述影响该地区结核病/艾滋病毒并发症发病率和治疗效果的社会决定因素,并找出任何研究空白。政策制定者、研究人员和医疗保健专业人员将从研究结果中获益,从而制定有针对性的干预措施,解决撒哈拉以南非洲地区结核病/艾滋病毒并发症的社会决定因素问题。
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引用次数: 0
Generation of Viral Particles with Brain Cell-Specific Tropism by Pseudotyping HIV-1 with the Zika Virus E Protein 利用寨卡病毒 E 蛋白对 HIV-1 进行伪分型,生成具有脑细胞特异性趋向性的病毒颗粒
IF 2.4 Q3 BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS Pub Date : 2023-12-28 DOI: 10.3390/mps7010003
Hai Dang Ngo, Jan Patrick Formanski, Vivien Grunwald, Birco Schwalbe, Michael Schreiber
Flaviviruses are a family of RNA viruses that includes many known pathogens, such as Zika virus (ZIKV), West Nile virus (WNV), dengue virus (DENV), and yellow fever virus (YFV). A pseudotype is an artificial virus particle created in vitro by incorporating the flavivirus envelope proteins into the structure of, for example, a retrovirus such as human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1). They can be a useful tool in virology for understanding the biology of flaviviruses, evaluating immune responses, developing antiviral strategies but can also be used as vectors for gene transfer experiments. This protocol describes the generation of a ZIKV/HIV-1 pseudotype developed as a new tool for infecting cells derived from a highly malignant brain tumor: glioblastoma multiforme grade 4.
黄病毒是 RNA 病毒的一个家族,包括许多已知的病原体,如寨卡病毒(ZIKV)、西尼罗河病毒(WNV)、登革热病毒(DENV)和黄热病病毒(YFV)。伪原型是通过将黄病毒包膜蛋白加入人类免疫缺陷病毒 1 型(HIV-1)等逆转录病毒的结构中,在体外制造出的人工病毒颗粒。它们是病毒学中的一种有用工具,可用于了解黄病毒的生物学特性、评估免疫反应、开发抗病毒策略,也可用作基因转移实验的载体。本方案描述了一种 ZIKV/HIV-1 伪原型的生成过程,它是一种用于感染高度恶性脑肿瘤(4 级多形性胶质母细胞瘤)细胞的新工具。
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引用次数: 0
Nesting Ecology of Lepidochelys olivacea in Lobito, Angola. 安哥拉洛比托橄榄鳞鱼的筑巢生态学。
IF 2.3 Q3 BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS Pub Date : 2023-12-27 DOI: 10.3390/mps7010002
Inês M Ferreira, Luz Murillo, Jean-Marie Le-Corre, Marco Correia, Rita Anastácio, Mário J Pereira

The scarcity on the Atlantic coast of the African sea turtle population and its dynamics data is well known. This article discusses the nesting ecology methods and analysis of a nascent Angolan project aimed at preserving the nesting female population of the Olive Ridley turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea) on the coast of Lobito. This study examines the nesting ecology of this species from 2020 to 2023. Females had an average CCL of 70.2 cm and CCW of 68.5 cm. These females laid 127 eggs in nests that averaged 47.0 cm deep. The ex situ nest incubation period averaged 60 days, and the hatchling success was 82.1%. Some techniques used in this project require modifications and enhancements. The utilization of photo identification did not yield the anticipated outcomes, prompting the adoption of passive integrated transponders (PITs) in the last season. However, due to limited funding, the success of this method is contingent upon an augmented field effort, allowing for the recapture of a larger number of females. The continuity of this project hinges upon collaboration between higher authorities and the local community. Together, it is possible to deepen the understanding of the nesting ecology of this species and address pivotal issues for its conservation, thereby implementing the most effective preservation measures.

众所周知,大西洋沿岸缺乏非洲海龟种群及其动态数据。本文讨论了安哥拉一个旨在保护洛比托海岸橄榄海龟(Lepidochelys olivacea)雌性筑巢种群的新兴项目的筑巢生态学方法和分析。这项研究考察了该物种在 2020 年至 2023 年期间的筑巢生态。雌性平均 CCL 为 70.2 厘米,CCW 为 68.5 厘米。这些雌鸟在平均深度为 47.0 厘米的巢中产下 127 枚卵。巢外孵化期平均为 60 天,孵化成功率为 82.1%。本项目中使用的一些技术需要修改和改进。照片识别技术的使用没有达到预期效果,因此在上一季采用了被动式集成转发器(PIT)。然而,由于资金有限,这种方法能否成功取决于能否加强实地工作,从而重新捕获更多的雌性。该项目的持续性取决于上级部门和当地社区之间的合作。通过合作,可以加深对该物种筑巢生态的了解,解决保护该物种的关键问题,从而实施最有效的保护措施。
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引用次数: 0
Valorizing Tree-Nutshell Particles as Delivery Vehicles for a Natural Herbicide 将树果壳颗粒作为天然除草剂的运载工具进行估价
IF 2.4 Q3 BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS Pub Date : 2023-12-20 DOI: 10.3390/mps7010001
Jong H. Kim, K. Chan, W. Hart-Cooper, DeAngela Ford, Kaydren Orcutt, Jeffrey D Palumbo, Christina C. Tam, William J. Orts
The United States is a principal producer of tree nuts (almonds, pistachios, and walnuts), resulting in the generation of excess of tree-nutshell by-products each year, with few market outlets. A nutshell is an essential, lignocellulosic layer that protects a kernel (seed) from the environment during cultivation. The objective of this study was to develop nutshell by-products as herbicide delivery systems, which would not only enable sustainable weed control in fields but also increases nutshell value and reduce the cost of waste disposal. We recently identified a natural salicylaldehyde (SA) that emits volatiles with both herbicidal and antifungal properties. In this study, walnut shell particles saturated with 0.8 to 1.6 M SA were developed as delivery vehicles for SA to soil, which allowed for the controlled release of an SA fumigant for weed control. The pre- and post-emergent herbicidal efficacy of SA was investigated using model monocot (Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) Darbysh; turfgrass) and dicot (Brassica rapa var. pekinensis; Chinese cabbage) plants. We compared (1) the effects of different types of solvents for dissolving SA (dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and ethanol (60%, v/v)), and (2) the effect of covering soil with plastic layers (i.e., soil pasteurization) or not covering soil during SA fumigation using nutshells. Results: In the pre-emergent herbicidal testing with the soil covered, the dicot plants exhibited levels of higher susceptibility to SA in DMSO emitted from nutshells when compared to the monocot plants. The seed germination frequencies in the dicots were 15% and 1% with 0.8 and 1.6 M SA, respectively, while those in the monocots were 32% and 18%, respectively, under the same test conditions. In the post-emergent herbicidal testing with the soil covered, the growth of both the monocot and dicot plants was completely prevented after 5 to 7 days of SA fumigation, resulting in the deaths of entire plants. It was noteworthy that in the post-emergent herbicidal testing, SA dissolved in ethanol (60%, v/v) completely disrupted the growth of the monocot and dicot plants as early as 3 days after SA emission from the nutshells, even without the soil being covered. Tree-nutshell particles could serve as effective SA delivery vehicles with controlled release capabilities for SA. The SA exhibited pre- and post-emergent herbicidal activities against the monocot and dicot plants at most growth stages. SA (0.8 and 1.6 M) dissolved in ethanol (60%, v/v) might exert a synergism for higher herbicidal activity after emission from nutshells. Since tree nuts capture/store a substantial amount of carbon over their life-cycles, the new and sustainable utility of using nutshells not only reduces carbon emissions but also valorizes tree-nut by-products, thus benefitting the tree-nut industry.
美国是树坚果(杏仁、开心果和核桃)的主要生产国,因此每年都会产生过量的树坚果壳副产品,但市场销路却很少。坚果壳是一种重要的木质纤维素层,可在种植过程中保护果仁(种子)免受环境影响。本研究的目的是开发果壳副产品作为除草剂的输送系统,这不仅能实现田间除草的可持续性,还能提高果壳的价值并降低废物处理成本。我们最近发现了一种天然水杨醛(SA),它能释放出具有除草和抗真菌特性的挥发性物质。在这项研究中,我们开发了饱和 0.8 至 1.6 M 水杨醛的核桃壳颗粒,作为水杨醛在土壤中的输送载体,从而控制水杨醛熏蒸剂的释放以控制杂草。我们使用示范单子叶植物(Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) Darbysh;草皮草)和双子叶植物(Brassica rapa var.我们比较了(1)不同类型溶剂(二甲基亚砜(DMSO)和乙醇(60%,v/v))溶解 SA 的效果,以及(2)在使用果壳熏蒸 SA 的过程中用塑料层覆盖土壤(即土壤杀菌)或不覆盖土壤的效果。研究结果在覆盖土壤的萌发前除草试验中,与单子叶植物相比,双子叶植物对果壳释放的二甲基亚砜中的 SA 表现出更高的敏感性。在相同的试验条件下,双子叶植物的种子萌发率在 0.8 和 1.6 M SA 的作用下分别为 15%和 1%,而单子叶植物的种子萌发率分别为 32% 和 18%。在覆盖土壤的苗后除草试验中,单子叶植物和双子叶植物在 SA 熏蒸 5 至 7 天后生长完全受阻,导致整株植物死亡。值得注意的是,在芽后除草试验中,溶解在乙醇(60%,v/v)中的 SA 在果壳释放出 SA 后 3 天就完全破坏了单子叶植物和双子叶植物的生长,即使没有覆盖土壤也是如此。果壳颗粒可作为有效的 SA 运送载体,具有控制 SA 释放的能力。在大多数生长阶段,SA 对单子叶植物和双子叶植物都具有萌芽前和萌芽后除草活性。溶解在乙醇(60%,v/v)中的 SA(0.8 和 1.6 M)从果壳中释放出来后,可能会产生增效作用,从而提高除草活性。由于树坚果在其生命周期中会捕获/储存大量的碳,因此利用坚果壳这种可持续的新方法不仅能减少碳排放,还能使树坚果副产品增值,从而使树坚果产业受益。
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引用次数: 0
Development of a 3D Perfused In Vitro System to Assess Proangiogenic Properties of Compounds. 开发三维灌注体外系统以评估化合物的促血管生成特性
IF 2.4 Q3 BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS Pub Date : 2023-12-09 DOI: 10.3390/mps6060119
Johanna Alm, Benoit Fischer, Alexandra Emanuela Burger, Francesca Moretti

Perturbation of angiogenesis is associated with a variety of diseases and pro- as well as antiangiogenic therapies are being actively explored. Additionally, unintended adverse drug effects on angiogenesis might lead to promotion of tumor progression and cardiovascular complications. Several tri-dimensional microfluidic vessel-on-chip systems have been described that allow a more accurate investigation of vascular physiology and pathology, compared to the two-dimensional static culture of endothelial cells. The OrganoPlate® angiogenesis-on-chip system has been demonstrated to be amenable to high-throughput screening for the antiangiogenic properties of molecules. We set out to adapt this system for high-throughput screening of molecules with proangiogenic properties. Our technical advancement of the OrganoPlate® angiogenesis-on-chip assay expands its applicability in the early screening of both anti- as well as proangiogenic properties of compounds for therapeutic modulation of angiogenesis as well as the identification of angiogenesis-associated drug-induced vascular toxicities.

血管生成受到干扰与多种疾病有关,人们正在积极探索促进和抗血管生成的疗法。此外,药物对血管生成的意外不良影响可能会导致肿瘤恶化和心血管并发症。与二维静态培养内皮细胞相比,三维微流控芯片血管系统能更准确地研究血管生理和病理。OrganoPlate® 片上血管生成系统已被证明可用于高通量筛选分子的抗血管生成特性。我们着手改造该系统,用于高通量筛选具有促血管生成特性的分子。我们对 OrganoPlate® 片上血管生成测定法的技术改进扩大了其适用范围,可用于早期筛选具有抗血管生成和促进血管生成特性的化合物,以便对血管生成进行治疗性调节,以及鉴定与血管生成相关的药物引起的血管毒性。
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引用次数: 0
Magnetic Resonance Imaging as a Tool for Monitoring Intratibial Growth of Experimental Prostate Cancer Metastases in Mice 磁共振成像是监测小鼠实验性前列腺癌转移灶胫骨内生长的工具
IF 2.4 Q3 BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS Pub Date : 2023-12-05 DOI: 10.3390/mps6060118
Junchi Huang, Mikael Montelius, Jan-Erik Damber, K. Welén
Bone metastases cause morbidity and mortality in several human cancer forms. Experimental models are used to unravel the mechanisms and identify possible treatment targets. The location inside the skeleton complicates accurate assessment. This study evaluates the performance of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of prostate cancer tumors growing intratibially in mice. MRI detected intratibial tumor lesions with a sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 89%, respectively, compared to histological evaluation. Location and some phenotypical features could also be readily detected with MRI. Regarding volume estimation, the correlation between MRI and histological assessment was high (p < 0.001, r = 0.936). In conclusion, this study finds MRI to be a reliable tool for in vivo, non-invasive, non-ionizing, real-time monitoring of intratibial tumor growth.
骨转移在几种人类癌症中引起发病率和死亡率。实验模型用于揭示机制和确定可能的治疗靶点。骨骼内部的位置使准确评估变得复杂。本研究评价了磁共振成像(MRI)对小鼠腹腔内生长的前列腺癌肿瘤的表现。与组织学评估相比,MRI检测胫骨内肿瘤病变的敏感性和特异性分别为100%和89%。位置和一些表型特征也可以很容易地通过MRI检测到。在体积估计方面,MRI与组织学评估的相关性较高(p < 0.001, r = 0.936)。总之,本研究发现MRI是一种可靠的工具,可以在体内、无创、非电离、实时监测胫骨内肿瘤的生长。
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