Book review of: Joop W. Koopmans, 'Early Modern Media and the News in Europe. Perspectives from the Dutch Angle', Brill, 2018, xviii + 361 pp., isbn 978-90-04-37930-5
书评Joop W. Koopmans, "Early Modern Media and the News in Europe.来自荷兰角度的视角"，Brill，2018 年，xviii + 361 页，书号 978-90-04-37930-5
{"title":"Early Modern Media and the News in Europe. Perspectives from the Dutch Angle","authors":"Forrest C. Strickland","doi":"10.18146/TMG.441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18146/TMG.441","url":null,"abstract":"Book review of: Joop W. Koopmans, 'Early Modern Media and the News in Europe. Perspectives from the Dutch Angle', Brill, 2018, xviii + 361 pp., isbn 978-90-04-37930-5","PeriodicalId":187553,"journal":{"name":"TMG Journal for Media History","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130302816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
De Opkamer was probably the Netherlands’ first online digital literary journal, residing on the web from 1994 to 2000. This article is an account of the search for the site’s web archive, in which we reflect on the changing role of a heritage institution curator in locating, collecting and preserving born digital heritage in our current era.
De Opkamer可能是荷兰第一个在线数字文学期刊，从1994年到2000年一直存在于网络上。这篇文章是关于寻找网站网络档案的一篇文章，其中我们反思了在当今时代，遗产机构策展人在定位、收集和保存数字遗产方面的角色变化。
{"title":"Het oudste Nederlands literair tijdschrift op de wereldwijde stekkerdoos: de webarchivering van De Opkamer (1994-2000)","authors":"Kees Teszelszky","doi":"10.18146/TMG.436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18146/TMG.436","url":null,"abstract":"De Opkamer was probably the Netherlands’ first online digital literary journal, residing on the web from 1994 to 2000. This article is an account of the search for the site’s web archive, in which we reflect on the changing role of a heritage institution curator in locating, collecting and preserving born digital heritage in our current era.","PeriodicalId":187553,"journal":{"name":"TMG Journal for Media History","volume":"260 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133970819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this article, we propose a methodological outlook for historical platform studies to increase the prominence of platform historiography in the field and practice of web history and archiving. We discuss the challenges of social media archiving and the research opportunities for ‘platform’ historiography by focusing on the distinctive characteristics of web-based social media ‘platforms’. Based on our review of the literature, we argue that it is critical to foreground how contemporary platforms serve multiple user groups beyond end users (e.g. developers, business, investors) and how they operate on multiple levels (e.g. interface, architecture, ecosystem). By attending to the multiple sides and layers of social media beyond their end users only, we can reconstruct histories of platforms, not only as social networks, but also as technical artefacts, business organisations, and more. A focus on the materiality of platforms introduces numerous underutilised archived web sources that present significant entry points and research opportunities for platform historiography. We assess the availability of these archived sources across the leading web archives. Our results show that despite the challenges of social media archiving, platforms’ resources are in fact well-preserved if we look beyond their end-user interfaces. Drawing on illustrative examples, we discuss two sets of entry points and materials for platform historiography at length: first, for writing developer-side histories, and second, for business-side histories. We conclude with recommendations for platform historians and archiving practitioners and reflections on the future of platform historiography.
{"title":"Social Media and Platform Historiography: Challenges and Opportunities","authors":"Anne Helmond, F. V. D. Vlist","doi":"10.18146/TMG.434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18146/TMG.434","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, we propose a methodological outlook for historical platform studies to increase the prominence of platform historiography in the field and practice of web history and archiving. We discuss the challenges of social media archiving and the research opportunities for ‘platform’ historiography by focusing on the distinctive characteristics of web-based social media ‘platforms’. Based on our review of the literature, we argue that it is critical to foreground how contemporary platforms serve multiple user groups beyond end users (e.g. developers, business, investors) and how they operate on multiple levels (e.g. interface, architecture, ecosystem). By attending to the multiple sides and layers of social media beyond their end users only, we can reconstruct histories of platforms, not only as social networks, but also as technical artefacts, business organisations, and more. A focus on the materiality of platforms introduces numerous underutilised archived web sources that present significant entry points and research opportunities for platform historiography. We assess the availability of these archived sources across the leading web archives. Our results show that despite the challenges of social media archiving, platforms’ resources are in fact well-preserved if we look beyond their end-user interfaces. Drawing on illustrative examples, we discuss two sets of entry points and materials for platform historiography at length: first, for writing developer-side histories, and second, for business-side histories. We conclude with recommendations for platform historians and archiving practitioners and reflections on the future of platform historiography.","PeriodicalId":187553,"journal":{"name":"TMG Journal for Media History","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128363732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Weblogs are a difficult source to archive. This is because they are a dynamic source with a very fluid nature; they are rich in references to other sources; and they have intricate internal structures with, in most cases, large archives. If a weblog is not archived all in one go, the website can become fragmented and problematic for researchers: elements might be missing or have been replaced by sections from other versions of the archived (or even online) weblog. It is up to Dutch archives to ensure that a weblog in its entire context is archived as completely as possible, within the bounds of Dutch law. At the same time, it is up to researchers to develop good source criticism and be aware of the problems involved in working with an archived weblog and the ephemeral nature of the internet. For those who rise to these challenges, weblogs offer fantastic opportunities for different types of studies, from close reading to distant reading, and even source code research.
{"title":"We blog: de casus van weblogs in webarchieven","authors":"Iris Geldermans","doi":"10.18146/TMG.438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18146/TMG.438","url":null,"abstract":"Weblogs are a difficult source to archive. This is because they are a dynamic source with a very fluid nature; they are rich in references to other sources; and they have intricate internal structures with, in most cases, large archives. If a weblog is not archived all in one go, the website can become fragmented and problematic for researchers: elements might be missing or have been replaced by sections from other versions of the archived (or even online) weblog. It is up to Dutch archives to ensure that a weblog in its entire context is archived as completely as possible, within the bounds of Dutch law. At the same time, it is up to researchers to develop good source criticism and be aware of the problems involved in working with an archived weblog and the ephemeral nature of the internet. For those who rise to these challenges, weblogs offer fantastic opportunities for different types of studies, from close reading to distant reading, and even source code research.","PeriodicalId":187553,"journal":{"name":"TMG Journal for Media History","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114771304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article addresses the challenges that media historians face when they aim to reconstruct the early history of YouTube. Since the platform is constantly adapting its policies, there is a great level of uncertainty as to what is still there or what is no longer traceable. Therefore, addressing the question if and/or how YouTube can be understood as an archive is crucial and, in addition, the issue of how YouTube related content can be used as historical sources. Although many people, including media scholars, treat YouTube like an online open access archive, there are reasons to be cautious. The article will explore strategies dealing with formal but also with informal web archival practices. These informal archival practices concern users who curate early YouTube videos, user profiles and comments or even old layout versions of the website. Developing methods that critically acknowledges user-generated archival practices, and uses the insights of early generation of users’ reconstructions of the platform’s history, even if it might seem anecdotal evidence, can lead to deeper knowledge of that early community. By actively participating in reconstructing YouTube’s recent past these users shape nostalgic narratives while they also collect and share useful information that guide historians finding new traces.
{"title":"Finding Traces in YouTube’s Living Archive: Exploring Informal Archival Practices","authors":"Susanna Aasman","doi":"10.18146/TMG.435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18146/TMG.435","url":null,"abstract":"This article addresses the challenges that media historians face when they aim to reconstruct the early history of YouTube. Since the platform is constantly adapting its policies, there is a great level of uncertainty as to what is still there or what is no longer traceable. Therefore, addressing the question if and/or how YouTube can be understood as an archive is crucial and, in addition, the issue of how YouTube related content can be used as historical sources. Although many people, including media scholars, treat YouTube like an online open access archive, there are reasons to be cautious. The article will explore strategies dealing with formal but also with informal web archival practices. These informal archival practices concern users who curate early YouTube videos, user profiles and comments or even old layout versions of the website. Developing methods that critically acknowledges user-generated archival practices, and uses the insights of early generation of users’ reconstructions of the platform’s history, even if it might seem anecdotal evidence, can lead to deeper knowledge of that early community. By actively participating in reconstructing YouTube’s recent past these users shape nostalgic narratives while they also collect and share useful information that guide historians finding new traces.","PeriodicalId":187553,"journal":{"name":"TMG Journal for Media History","volume":"84 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134523141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Once websites are no longer online and out of the reach of web archives, their preservation needs to be approached from a different angle. Ongoing access to our digital treasure chests requires immediate consideration and action. Twenty-five years ago, De Digitale Stad – a unique structure comprising computers, modems and phone cables – opened its virtual doors. This ‘Digital City’ is the oldest Dutch online community and plays a key role in the internet history of both Amsterdam and the Netherlands. Based on a case study entitled ‘De Digitale Stad Herleeft’ (The Digital City Revived), we provide answers to the following questions: (1) how do you excavate an object like the Digital City and transform it from a virtual Atlantis into a virtual Pompei, and (2) how do you reconstruct, preserve, unlock and present digital heritage material for future generations in a sustainable way.
一旦网站不再在线，远离网络档案，它们的保存就需要从不同的角度来看待。持续访问我们的数字宝箱需要立即考虑和采取行动。25年前，De Digitale Stad——一个由计算机、调制解调器和电话线组成的独特结构——打开了它的虚拟大门。这个“数字城市”是荷兰最古老的在线社区，在阿姆斯特丹和荷兰的互联网历史上发挥着关键作用。基于一个名为“De Digitale Stad herleleft”(数字城市复兴)的案例研究，我们提供了以下问题的答案:(1)如何挖掘像数字城市这样的对象，并将其从虚拟的亚特兰蒂斯转变为虚拟的庞贝;(2)如何以可持续的方式重建、保存、解锁和呈现数字遗产材料。
{"title":"Webarcheologie, schatgraven in en bewaren van het recente (born-)digital verleden: een praktische handleiding","authors":"T. D. Haan, E. Verbruggen","doi":"10.18146/TMG.437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18146/TMG.437","url":null,"abstract":"Once websites are no longer online and out of the reach of web archives, their preservation needs to be approached from a different angle. Ongoing access to our digital treasure chests requires immediate consideration and action. Twenty-five years ago, De Digitale Stad – a unique structure comprising computers, modems and phone cables – opened its virtual doors. This ‘Digital City’ is the oldest Dutch online community and plays a key role in the internet history of both Amsterdam and the Netherlands. Based on a case study entitled ‘De Digitale Stad Herleeft’ (The Digital City Revived), we provide answers to the following questions: (1) how do you excavate an object like the Digital City and transform it from a virtual Atlantis into a virtual Pompei, and (2) how do you reconstruct, preserve, unlock and present digital heritage material for future generations in a sustainable way.","PeriodicalId":187553,"journal":{"name":"TMG Journal for Media History","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132127802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Gamegeschiedenis van Nederland 1978–2018","authors":"Jasper van Vught","doi":"10.18146/TMG.439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18146/TMG.439","url":null,"abstract":"Book review of: 'Gamegeschiedenis van Nederland 1978–2018', Karel van Mander Academy, 2019, 106 pp., ISBN 978-90-9031716-8","PeriodicalId":187553,"journal":{"name":"TMG Journal for Media History","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115341081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this special issue of TMG – Journal for Media History, the focus is on the web history and especially on practices of web archiving. It showcases examples on how to actively engage as media scholars or as librarians and archivists with web archives and archived web-related born-digital sources. While it explores methods that deal with existing web archives, it will also address questions such as how to trace material retrospectively. In that sense, it is taking a ‘web archaeological’ approach, meaning that the focus is on actively uncovering the history of the web in its early days, emphasising the role of ‘digging’ and ‘reconstructing’ as central methods in tracing material objects (software, hardware, terminals, hard drives, cables, et cetera) and born-digital objects (websites, web elements like banners or avatars, blogs and vlogs, and many other forms of user-generated content).
{"title":"Web Archaeology: An Introduction","authors":"Susanna Aasman, T. D. Haan, Kees Teszelszky","doi":"10.18146/TMG.433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18146/TMG.433","url":null,"abstract":"In this special issue of TMG – Journal for Media History, the focus is on the web history and especially on practices of web archiving. It showcases examples on how to actively engage as media scholars or as librarians and archivists with web archives and archived web-related born-digital sources. While it explores methods that deal with existing web archives, it will also address questions such as how to trace material retrospectively. In that sense, it is taking a ‘web archaeological’ approach, meaning that the focus is on actively uncovering the history of the web in its early days, emphasising the role of ‘digging’ and ‘reconstructing’ as central methods in tracing material objects (software, hardware, terminals, hard drives, cables, et cetera) and born-digital objects (websites, web elements like banners or avatars, blogs and vlogs, and many other forms of user-generated content).","PeriodicalId":187553,"journal":{"name":"TMG Journal for Media History","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131937742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Book review of: Mattie Boom, 'Everyone a Photographer: The Rise of Amateur Photography in the Netherlands 1880-1940', Rijksmuseum/nai010 publishers, 2019, 250 pp., isbn 978-94-6208-477-3
{"title":"Everyone a Photographer: The Rise of Amateur Photography in the Netherlands 1880-1940","authors":"T. Slootweg","doi":"10.18146/TMG.440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18146/TMG.440","url":null,"abstract":"Book review of: Mattie Boom, 'Everyone a Photographer: The Rise of Amateur Photography in the Netherlands 1880-1940', Rijksmuseum/nai010 publishers, 2019, 250 pp., isbn 978-94-6208-477-3","PeriodicalId":187553,"journal":{"name":"TMG Journal for Media History","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123028000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-01DOI: 10.18146/2213-7653.2018.368
Rosa Wevers
The article investigates the role of identity and the body in biometric technologies, contesting the conception that biometrics are neutral. It discusses biometrics’ exclusionary effects with regards to gender, race, class and ability, among others, by unveiling its historical links to nineteenth-century pseudoscientific practices. It does so through an analysis of Zach Blas’ Facial Weaponization Suite, an artistic critique of this dominant conception that draws attention to biometrics’ contested history and its current implications for marginalised identities.
{"title":"Unmasking Biometrics’ Biases","authors":"Rosa Wevers","doi":"10.18146/2213-7653.2018.368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18146/2213-7653.2018.368","url":null,"abstract":"The article investigates the role of identity and the body in biometric technologies, contesting the conception that biometrics are neutral. It discusses biometrics’ exclusionary effects with regards to gender, race, class and ability, among others, by unveiling its historical links to nineteenth-century pseudoscientific practices. It does so through an analysis of Zach Blas’ Facial Weaponization Suite, an artistic critique of this dominant conception that draws attention to biometrics’ contested history and its current implications for marginalised identities.","PeriodicalId":187553,"journal":{"name":"TMG Journal for Media History","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124456524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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