Pub Date : 2021-11-29DOI: 10.1109/MILCOM52596.2021.9653049
Jaime C. Acosta, Stephanie Medina, J. Ellis, Luisana Clarke, Veronica Rivas, Allison Newcomb
Cybersecurity network data curation is the collection, labeling, and packaging of datasets that contain artifacts that are important in the cybersecurity domain. These assets are essential for cybersecurity research and key for defense technologies and systems to detect and respond to anomalies caused by adversaries. However, tools for data curation are lacking in all domains of cybersecurity, including enterprise and the military. Curation fuels empirical research and validation of protection, detection, and prevention techniques. Closing the gap will require the development of research-driven tools and technologies that facilitate and enforce not only collection and labeling, but also standardization and distribution. This paper describes a novel tool, called the Network Data Curation Toolkit (NDCT), which simplifies the process of collecting network traffic, keystrokes, mouse clicks; allows network packet labeling; automatically generates intrusion detection rules; and provides a visualization of results. Moreover, the tool has a built-in mechanism for exporting all data into a single distributable file. The tool is modular to allow extension and to facilitate its incorporation into existing workflows. We demonstrate the use of NDCT in two case studies. We first show how NDCT can augment cybersecurity exercises by having participants label their network data. We then describe a separate system that was embedded with the NDCT, which provides a workspace, allowing users to curate data through a multi-session environment, including generating intrusion detection rules for malware.
{"title":"Network Data Curation Toolkit: Cybersecurity Data Collection, Aided-Labeling, and Rule Generation","authors":"Jaime C. Acosta, Stephanie Medina, J. Ellis, Luisana Clarke, Veronica Rivas, Allison Newcomb","doi":"10.1109/MILCOM52596.2021.9653049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MILCOM52596.2021.9653049","url":null,"abstract":"Cybersecurity network data curation is the collection, labeling, and packaging of datasets that contain artifacts that are important in the cybersecurity domain. These assets are essential for cybersecurity research and key for defense technologies and systems to detect and respond to anomalies caused by adversaries. However, tools for data curation are lacking in all domains of cybersecurity, including enterprise and the military. Curation fuels empirical research and validation of protection, detection, and prevention techniques. Closing the gap will require the development of research-driven tools and technologies that facilitate and enforce not only collection and labeling, but also standardization and distribution. This paper describes a novel tool, called the Network Data Curation Toolkit (NDCT), which simplifies the process of collecting network traffic, keystrokes, mouse clicks; allows network packet labeling; automatically generates intrusion detection rules; and provides a visualization of results. Moreover, the tool has a built-in mechanism for exporting all data into a single distributable file. The tool is modular to allow extension and to facilitate its incorporation into existing workflows. We demonstrate the use of NDCT in two case studies. We first show how NDCT can augment cybersecurity exercises by having participants label their network data. We then describe a separate system that was embedded with the NDCT, which provides a workspace, allowing users to curate data through a multi-session environment, including generating intrusion detection rules for malware.","PeriodicalId":187645,"journal":{"name":"MILCOM 2021 - 2021 IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM)","volume":"116 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126388123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-29DOI: 10.1109/MILCOM52596.2021.9652912
V. Kanth, Chad A. Bollmann, M. Tummala, J. McEachen
As digital trust has declined, services purporting to provide privacy and anonymity have become increasingly popular in today's online environment. While there are several examples of these types of applications, blockchain-based services like Bitcoin and Ethereum have emerged as a potential answer to some of these privacy concerns. Unfortunately, many of the same features that facilitate that privacy and anonymity can also be leveraged by nefarious actors to transmit and store information covertly. These features can also be used by government and military organizations for communications purposes. In this paper, we present a generic information hiding model incorporating anonymity that builds on existing classical steganographic models like the Prisoners' Problem. We then analyze our model with regards to blockchain protocols and present a novel blockchain-based address embedding scheme. Finally, we implement our scheme using the Ethereum platform.
{"title":"A Novel Adaptable Framework for Covert Communications in Anonymized Protocols","authors":"V. Kanth, Chad A. Bollmann, M. Tummala, J. McEachen","doi":"10.1109/MILCOM52596.2021.9652912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MILCOM52596.2021.9652912","url":null,"abstract":"As digital trust has declined, services purporting to provide privacy and anonymity have become increasingly popular in today's online environment. While there are several examples of these types of applications, blockchain-based services like Bitcoin and Ethereum have emerged as a potential answer to some of these privacy concerns. Unfortunately, many of the same features that facilitate that privacy and anonymity can also be leveraged by nefarious actors to transmit and store information covertly. These features can also be used by government and military organizations for communications purposes. In this paper, we present a generic information hiding model incorporating anonymity that builds on existing classical steganographic models like the Prisoners' Problem. We then analyze our model with regards to blockchain protocols and present a novel blockchain-based address embedding scheme. Finally, we implement our scheme using the Ethereum platform.","PeriodicalId":187645,"journal":{"name":"MILCOM 2021 - 2021 IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125963290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-29DOI: 10.1109/MILCOM52596.2021.9653052
Colin Samplawski, Benjamin M. Marlin
Recent work has demonstrated the success of end-to-end transformer-based object detection models. These models achieve predictive performance that is competitive with current state-of-the-art detection model frameworks without many of the hand-crafted components needed by previous models (such as non-maximal suppression and anchor boxes). In this paper, we provide the first benchmarking study of transformer-based detection models focused on real-time and edge deployment. We show that transformer-based detection model architectures can achieve 30FPS detection rates on NVIDIA Jetson edge hardware and exceed 40FPS on desktop hardware. However, we observe that achieving these latency levels within the design space that we specify results in a drop in predictive performance, particularly on smaller objects. We conclude by discussing potential next steps for improving the edge and IoT deployment performance of this interesting new class of models.
{"title":"Towards Transformer-Based Real-Time Object Detection at the Edge: A Benchmarking Study","authors":"Colin Samplawski, Benjamin M. Marlin","doi":"10.1109/MILCOM52596.2021.9653052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MILCOM52596.2021.9653052","url":null,"abstract":"Recent work has demonstrated the success of end-to-end transformer-based object detection models. These models achieve predictive performance that is competitive with current state-of-the-art detection model frameworks without many of the hand-crafted components needed by previous models (such as non-maximal suppression and anchor boxes). In this paper, we provide the first benchmarking study of transformer-based detection models focused on real-time and edge deployment. We show that transformer-based detection model architectures can achieve 30FPS detection rates on NVIDIA Jetson edge hardware and exceed 40FPS on desktop hardware. However, we observe that achieving these latency levels within the design space that we specify results in a drop in predictive performance, particularly on smaller objects. We conclude by discussing potential next steps for improving the edge and IoT deployment performance of this interesting new class of models.","PeriodicalId":187645,"journal":{"name":"MILCOM 2021 - 2021 IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128005036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-29DOI: 10.1109/MILCOM52596.2021.9653042
I. Dagres, A. Polydoros, A. L. Moustakas
Distributed Beam-Forming (DBF) is a promising technique for increasing range and throughput in cooperative wireless networks. It is known, however, that DBF is sensitive to carrier-synchronization (“synch”) errors among the spatially separated RF oscillators in the distinct transmitting radios as well as errors due to independently occurring Doppler spread (fading) in each contributing link. We analyze here the statistical behavior of the resulting time-dependent beamforming gain as a function of these synch errors and dynamics-induced Doppler spread. A Gamma-distribution approximation is employed and compared to simulation for the resulting gains and system performance. The proposed statistics can subsequently be employed for optimizing the design parameters of a DBF protocol (frame period, pilot length, resynch period) for given pre-specified capacity or link-outage constraints.
{"title":"Performance Analysis of Distributed Beamforming in Wireless Networks: The Effect of Synchronization and Doppler spread","authors":"I. Dagres, A. Polydoros, A. L. Moustakas","doi":"10.1109/MILCOM52596.2021.9653042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MILCOM52596.2021.9653042","url":null,"abstract":"Distributed Beam-Forming (DBF) is a promising technique for increasing range and throughput in cooperative wireless networks. It is known, however, that DBF is sensitive to carrier-synchronization (“synch”) errors among the spatially separated RF oscillators in the distinct transmitting radios as well as errors due to independently occurring Doppler spread (fading) in each contributing link. We analyze here the statistical behavior of the resulting time-dependent beamforming gain as a function of these synch errors and dynamics-induced Doppler spread. A Gamma-distribution approximation is employed and compared to simulation for the resulting gains and system performance. The proposed statistics can subsequently be employed for optimizing the design parameters of a DBF protocol (frame period, pilot length, resynch period) for given pre-specified capacity or link-outage constraints.","PeriodicalId":187645,"journal":{"name":"MILCOM 2021 - 2021 IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM)","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133702000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-29DOI: 10.1109/MILCOM52596.2021.9653035
Zeenat Afroze, Mohanad Mohsen, D. Matolak, Hudson Dye
Millimeter wave (mmWave) communication systems can offer unprecedented data rates, but typically employ directional antennas to ensure adequate link range, and in non-line-of-sight (NLOS) regions, must often “search” in the angular domain for a signal of significant strength. In this paper we quantify some channel characteristics for indoor settings in the 90 GHz band, focusing on LOS-to-NLOS transitions. Our results are empirical, based upon measurements using a 500-MHz bandwidth signal. These channel transitions can present some of the most challenging conditions to link reliability. We quantify the range and rate of change of angle of arrival of the strongest multipath component, root mean-square delay spread, and stationarity distance. For these transitions, path loss changes of 13 dB and strongest-component angle of arrival changes up to 100 degrees were found over distances of a few cm.
{"title":"Indoor 90 GHz Channel Measurement Results for LOS to NLOS Transitions","authors":"Zeenat Afroze, Mohanad Mohsen, D. Matolak, Hudson Dye","doi":"10.1109/MILCOM52596.2021.9653035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MILCOM52596.2021.9653035","url":null,"abstract":"Millimeter wave (mmWave) communication systems can offer unprecedented data rates, but typically employ directional antennas to ensure adequate link range, and in non-line-of-sight (NLOS) regions, must often “search” in the angular domain for a signal of significant strength. In this paper we quantify some channel characteristics for indoor settings in the 90 GHz band, focusing on LOS-to-NLOS transitions. Our results are empirical, based upon measurements using a 500-MHz bandwidth signal. These channel transitions can present some of the most challenging conditions to link reliability. We quantify the range and rate of change of angle of arrival of the strongest multipath component, root mean-square delay spread, and stationarity distance. For these transitions, path loss changes of 13 dB and strongest-component angle of arrival changes up to 100 degrees were found over distances of a few cm.","PeriodicalId":187645,"journal":{"name":"MILCOM 2021 - 2021 IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM)","volume":"97 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133855559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-29DOI: 10.1109/MILCOM52596.2021.9653062
Manveen Kaur, R. Amin, Jim Martin
This work presents a measurement study that evaluates a novel Information Centric Networking (ICN)-enabled Hybrid Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) System called IH-UAS. IH-UAS leverages ICN along with an innovative system model integrating broker-based publish-subscribe message dissemination with a decentralized architecture to form an ad hoc (infrastructure-less) UAS to carry out military missions. The overarching research goal that drives this study is to design a system that pushes decision-making to the UAV swarm on the battlefield such that mission tasks are completed more reliably and in less time than traditional centralized UAV-based missions. We use theoretical and measurement-based analysis to validate the system. Through experiments conducted using a simplified variant of a Coordinated Search and Tracking (CSAT) application in IH-UAS, we demonstrate that IH-UAS performs better than the same application operating in a traditional centralized solution. We also show that the broker placement and the number of brokers are critical to application performance.
{"title":"The Design and Validation of ICN-Enabled Hybrid Unmanned Aerial System","authors":"Manveen Kaur, R. Amin, Jim Martin","doi":"10.1109/MILCOM52596.2021.9653062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MILCOM52596.2021.9653062","url":null,"abstract":"This work presents a measurement study that evaluates a novel Information Centric Networking (ICN)-enabled Hybrid Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) System called IH-UAS. IH-UAS leverages ICN along with an innovative system model integrating broker-based publish-subscribe message dissemination with a decentralized architecture to form an ad hoc (infrastructure-less) UAS to carry out military missions. The overarching research goal that drives this study is to design a system that pushes decision-making to the UAV swarm on the battlefield such that mission tasks are completed more reliably and in less time than traditional centralized UAV-based missions. We use theoretical and measurement-based analysis to validate the system. Through experiments conducted using a simplified variant of a Coordinated Search and Tracking (CSAT) application in IH-UAS, we demonstrate that IH-UAS performs better than the same application operating in a traditional centralized solution. We also show that the broker placement and the number of brokers are critical to application performance.","PeriodicalId":187645,"journal":{"name":"MILCOM 2021 - 2021 IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM)","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125689297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-29DOI: 10.1109/MILCOM52596.2021.9653040
R. Izmailov, Peter Lin, S. Venkatesan, Shridatt Sugrim
Adversarial evasion attacks challenge the integrity of machine learning models by creating out-of-distribution samples that are then consistently misclassified. With a variety of detection and mitigation approaches proposed already, more sophisticated attacks typically defeat them. One of the most promising group of such approaches is based on creating multiple diversified models and leverage their ensemble properties for detection and mitigation of attacks. However, such approaches entail heavy computational cost for designing and training a significant number of models. The paper proposes (i) a combinatorial boosting of the number of diversified models that provides an exponentially expanded scope of reliable decisions, and (ii) robust methods for fusion of the resulting models and their combinations towards enhanced decisions in both benign and adversarial scenarios. Several versions of the approach were implemented and tested for network intrusion detection and color image classification tasks; the results show significant increase of resiliency against evasion attacks with low impact on benign performance.
{"title":"Combinatorial Boosting of Ensembles of Diversified Classifiers for Defense Against Evasion Attacks","authors":"R. Izmailov, Peter Lin, S. Venkatesan, Shridatt Sugrim","doi":"10.1109/MILCOM52596.2021.9653040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MILCOM52596.2021.9653040","url":null,"abstract":"Adversarial evasion attacks challenge the integrity of machine learning models by creating out-of-distribution samples that are then consistently misclassified. With a variety of detection and mitigation approaches proposed already, more sophisticated attacks typically defeat them. One of the most promising group of such approaches is based on creating multiple diversified models and leverage their ensemble properties for detection and mitigation of attacks. However, such approaches entail heavy computational cost for designing and training a significant number of models. The paper proposes (i) a combinatorial boosting of the number of diversified models that provides an exponentially expanded scope of reliable decisions, and (ii) robust methods for fusion of the resulting models and their combinations towards enhanced decisions in both benign and adversarial scenarios. Several versions of the approach were implemented and tested for network intrusion detection and color image classification tasks; the results show significant increase of resiliency against evasion attacks with low impact on benign performance.","PeriodicalId":187645,"journal":{"name":"MILCOM 2021 - 2021 IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM)","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121529818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-29DOI: 10.1109/MILCOM52596.2021.9653090
Kyoung-Min Park, Eunji Lee, Jinwook Kim, Jaehoon Jung, Seong-Cheol Kim
Wireless ad-hoc network which has not been supported by centralized infrastructure is widely used because of its utilitarian ability. Thanks to a low-complex aspect, It is favorable for IoBT (Internet of Battlefield Things) applications. Propagation channel analysis prior to the network configuration is required to the appropriate sensor deployment. Although experimental approaches warrant an accuracy, ray-tracing simulator is employed because site measurements are highly prohibitive and labor-absorbing. The scattering mechanisms are tough to be implemented by a ray-tracing simulator, which often causes low accuracy in harsh areas, such as subterranean environments. In this paper, the surface scattering theory that considers an incident wave at a rough boundary as the radiation source is exploited to revise the existing ray-tracing simulator. The accuracy of the revised simulator is verified by the channel sounding conducted in the subterranean area which has much roughness. The measurement result indicates that a propagation channel could be well analyzed by employing the surface scattering theory for the ray-tracing based channel analysis.
{"title":"Ray-tracing based Channel Modeling for Rough-boundary Environments","authors":"Kyoung-Min Park, Eunji Lee, Jinwook Kim, Jaehoon Jung, Seong-Cheol Kim","doi":"10.1109/MILCOM52596.2021.9653090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MILCOM52596.2021.9653090","url":null,"abstract":"Wireless ad-hoc network which has not been supported by centralized infrastructure is widely used because of its utilitarian ability. Thanks to a low-complex aspect, It is favorable for IoBT (Internet of Battlefield Things) applications. Propagation channel analysis prior to the network configuration is required to the appropriate sensor deployment. Although experimental approaches warrant an accuracy, ray-tracing simulator is employed because site measurements are highly prohibitive and labor-absorbing. The scattering mechanisms are tough to be implemented by a ray-tracing simulator, which often causes low accuracy in harsh areas, such as subterranean environments. In this paper, the surface scattering theory that considers an incident wave at a rough boundary as the radiation source is exploited to revise the existing ray-tracing simulator. The accuracy of the revised simulator is verified by the channel sounding conducted in the subterranean area which has much roughness. The measurement result indicates that a propagation channel could be well analyzed by employing the surface scattering theory for the ray-tracing based channel analysis.","PeriodicalId":187645,"journal":{"name":"MILCOM 2021 - 2021 IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124237685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-29DOI: 10.1109/MILCOM52596.2021.9653029
Paulo H. L. Rettore, Merlin von Rechenberg, J. Loevenich, R. Lopes, P. Sevenich
In this paper, we propose a handover mechanism to mitigate connectivity problems in centralized networks by introducing a mechanism that enables proactive switching between centralized and decentralized control. We start with the hypothesis that Software-Defined Networking (SDN) can improve the management of Tactical Networks (TNs) by introducing controllers that logically centralize the enforcement of network policies. Thus, a deployed command post can manage the IP data flows among mobile nodes, if connectivity is available. However, connectivity failures between the SDN controller and the mobile nodes at the edge of the network will interrupt the data flow(s) and the topology control by the centralized controller. Therefore, we introduce a handover mechanism deployed on the mobile nodes to switch the communication mode from centralized to distributed control when the SDN infrastructure is unavailable, and vice-versa. Our hypothesis is verified by experiments, in an emulated network with constrained links, showing that establishing a decentralized connection can mitigate the disruption of data flows also reducing packet loss. The quantitative analysis suggests that our mechanism was able to reduce about 70% of packet loss and increase the network connectivity by about 65% in disruptive scenarios.
{"title":"A Handover Mechanism for Centralized/Decentralized Networks Over Disruptive Scenarios","authors":"Paulo H. L. Rettore, Merlin von Rechenberg, J. Loevenich, R. Lopes, P. Sevenich","doi":"10.1109/MILCOM52596.2021.9653029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MILCOM52596.2021.9653029","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we propose a handover mechanism to mitigate connectivity problems in centralized networks by introducing a mechanism that enables proactive switching between centralized and decentralized control. We start with the hypothesis that Software-Defined Networking (SDN) can improve the management of Tactical Networks (TNs) by introducing controllers that logically centralize the enforcement of network policies. Thus, a deployed command post can manage the IP data flows among mobile nodes, if connectivity is available. However, connectivity failures between the SDN controller and the mobile nodes at the edge of the network will interrupt the data flow(s) and the topology control by the centralized controller. Therefore, we introduce a handover mechanism deployed on the mobile nodes to switch the communication mode from centralized to distributed control when the SDN infrastructure is unavailable, and vice-versa. Our hypothesis is verified by experiments, in an emulated network with constrained links, showing that establishing a decentralized connection can mitigate the disruption of data flows also reducing packet loss. The quantitative analysis suggests that our mechanism was able to reduce about 70% of packet loss and increase the network connectivity by about 65% in disruptive scenarios.","PeriodicalId":187645,"journal":{"name":"MILCOM 2021 - 2021 IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124776501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-29DOI: 10.1109/MILCOM52596.2021.9653117
Anthony Gabrielson, Kevin Bauer, D. Kelly, Adam Kearns, W. M. Smith
5G is changing the way User Equipment (UE) integrates with networks and services. Features like network slicing and device-to-device (D2D) networking are blurring traditional network boundaries into a distributed model. These evolutions are leading to the development of novel security, privacy, and spectrum management paradigms, which will hopefully enable safe adoption. This paper proposes a standalone testbed to impact and measure cybersecurity, privacy, and spectrum management at various points within the network. Our proposed testbed is relatively low cost and is based on commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) hardware and open-source software. Using the Contained cellular User equipment Environment (CUE) testbed, we can investigate many potential 5G issues in ways previously not accessible. Our approach enables researchers to focus on various threat-based features by capturing and potentially modifying packets and RF from the physical layer and up.
{"title":"CUE: A Standalone Testbed for 5G Experimentation","authors":"Anthony Gabrielson, Kevin Bauer, D. Kelly, Adam Kearns, W. M. Smith","doi":"10.1109/MILCOM52596.2021.9653117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MILCOM52596.2021.9653117","url":null,"abstract":"5G is changing the way User Equipment (UE) integrates with networks and services. Features like network slicing and device-to-device (D2D) networking are blurring traditional network boundaries into a distributed model. These evolutions are leading to the development of novel security, privacy, and spectrum management paradigms, which will hopefully enable safe adoption. This paper proposes a standalone testbed to impact and measure cybersecurity, privacy, and spectrum management at various points within the network. Our proposed testbed is relatively low cost and is based on commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) hardware and open-source software. Using the Contained cellular User equipment Environment (CUE) testbed, we can investigate many potential 5G issues in ways previously not accessible. Our approach enables researchers to focus on various threat-based features by capturing and potentially modifying packets and RF from the physical layer and up.","PeriodicalId":187645,"journal":{"name":"MILCOM 2021 - 2021 IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM)","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114589380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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