Pub Date : 2012-12-01DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.2012.6551680
Jingwu Yao, T. Sakaguchi, O. Yousuf, J. Trost, J. Lima, T. Ichihara, R. George
Myocardial perfusion imaging from x-ray coronary angiography is important with clinical benefits because online real-time assessment of myocardial blood flow can promote the clinical outcomes of interventional treatments for coronary artery disease. In this paper, we aim at the nonlinearity problem of contrast image measurements for the perfusion estimation, since x-ray nonlinear responses of iodinated contrast agent is always an important concern when lacking of x-ray depth information on 2D angiography. A new approach is developed to perform linear quantification correction to angiographic measurements in terms of iodine concentration for estimated body thickness. We recognize the causes of nonlinear measurements from three different sources, that is, image processing artifacts of background subtraction, x-ray physics causes of beam hardening, photon scattering and detector glare if image intensifier applied, as well as clinical application issue of residual contrast agents in myocardium during cardiac catheterization heart procedure. Correspondingly, the developed approach involves three countermeasures to handle the three nonlinear sources. In order to compensate the registration artifacts of background subtraction, the technique of layer image processing is applied to compensate the different cardiac and breathing motions. A prior phantom-based calibration is implemented to make a lookup table of correction models. A polynomial model selected from the table is used online to correct the nonlinear measurements due to x-ray physics causes. For the effect of residual contrast agent, a new workflow of triple background subtractions is proposed by introducing an initial background image. Finally, the proposed approach is validated with pre-clinical studies of porcine models.
{"title":"Linear quantification correction for myocardial perfusion imaging from x-ray coronary angiography","authors":"Jingwu Yao, T. Sakaguchi, O. Yousuf, J. Trost, J. Lima, T. Ichihara, R. George","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.2012.6551680","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2012.6551680","url":null,"abstract":"Myocardial perfusion imaging from x-ray coronary angiography is important with clinical benefits because online real-time assessment of myocardial blood flow can promote the clinical outcomes of interventional treatments for coronary artery disease. In this paper, we aim at the nonlinearity problem of contrast image measurements for the perfusion estimation, since x-ray nonlinear responses of iodinated contrast agent is always an important concern when lacking of x-ray depth information on 2D angiography. A new approach is developed to perform linear quantification correction to angiographic measurements in terms of iodine concentration for estimated body thickness. We recognize the causes of nonlinear measurements from three different sources, that is, image processing artifacts of background subtraction, x-ray physics causes of beam hardening, photon scattering and detector glare if image intensifier applied, as well as clinical application issue of residual contrast agents in myocardium during cardiac catheterization heart procedure. Correspondingly, the developed approach involves three countermeasures to handle the three nonlinear sources. In order to compensate the registration artifacts of background subtraction, the technique of layer image processing is applied to compensate the different cardiac and breathing motions. A prior phantom-based calibration is implemented to make a lookup table of correction models. A polynomial model selected from the table is used online to correct the nonlinear measurements due to x-ray physics causes. For the effect of residual contrast agent, a new workflow of triple background subtractions is proposed by introducing an initial background image. Finally, the proposed approach is validated with pre-clinical studies of porcine models.","PeriodicalId":187728,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference Record (NSS/MIC)","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127736183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-11-29DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.2012.6551260
N. Graf, J. McCormick
As the complexity and resolution of particle detectors increases, the need for detailed simulation of the experimental setup also increases. Designing experiments requires efficient tools to simulate detector response and optimize the cost-benefit ratio for design options. We have developed efficient and flexible tools for detailed physics and detector response simulation which builds on the power of the Geant4 toolkit but frees the end user from any C++ coding. The primary goal has been to develop a software toolkit and computing infrastructure to allow physicists from universities and labs to quickly and easily contribute to detector design without requiring either coding expertise or experience with Geant4. Maximizing the physics performance of detectors being designed for the International Linear Collider (ILC), while remaining sensitive to cost constraints, requires a powerful, efficient, and flexible simulation, reconstruction and analysis environment to study the capabilities of a large number of different detector designs. The preparation of Letters Of Intent for the ILC involved the detailed study of dozens of detector options, layouts and readout technologies; the final physics benchmarking studies required the reconstruction and analysis of hundreds of millions of events. We describe the Java-based software toolkit (org.lcsim) which was used for full event reconstruction and analysis. The components are fully modular and are available for tasks from digitization of tracking detector signals through to cluster finding, pattern recognition, trackfitting, calorimeter clustering, individual particle reconstruction, jet-finding, and analysis. The detector is defined by the same input files used for the detector response simulation, ensuring the simulation and reconstruction geometries are always commensurate by construction. We discuss the architecture as well as the performance.
{"title":"lcsim: A detector response simulation toolkit","authors":"N. Graf, J. McCormick","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.2012.6551260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2012.6551260","url":null,"abstract":"As the complexity and resolution of particle detectors increases, the need for detailed simulation of the experimental setup also increases. Designing experiments requires efficient tools to simulate detector response and optimize the cost-benefit ratio for design options. We have developed efficient and flexible tools for detailed physics and detector response simulation which builds on the power of the Geant4 toolkit but frees the end user from any C++ coding. The primary goal has been to develop a software toolkit and computing infrastructure to allow physicists from universities and labs to quickly and easily contribute to detector design without requiring either coding expertise or experience with Geant4. Maximizing the physics performance of detectors being designed for the International Linear Collider (ILC), while remaining sensitive to cost constraints, requires a powerful, efficient, and flexible simulation, reconstruction and analysis environment to study the capabilities of a large number of different detector designs. The preparation of Letters Of Intent for the ILC involved the detailed study of dozens of detector options, layouts and readout technologies; the final physics benchmarking studies required the reconstruction and analysis of hundreds of millions of events. We describe the Java-based software toolkit (org.lcsim) which was used for full event reconstruction and analysis. The components are fully modular and are available for tasks from digitization of tracking detector signals through to cluster finding, pattern recognition, trackfitting, calorimeter clustering, individual particle reconstruction, jet-finding, and analysis. The detector is defined by the same input files used for the detector response simulation, ensuring the simulation and reconstruction geometries are always commensurate by construction. We discuss the architecture as well as the performance.","PeriodicalId":187728,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference Record (NSS/MIC)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129797939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-11-29DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.2012.6551478
S. Aplin, J. Engels, F. Gaede, N. Graf, Tony Johnson, J. McCormick
LCIO is a persistency framework and event data model which was originally developed for the next linear collider physics and detector response simulation studies. Since then, the data model has been extended to also incorporate raw data formats to support testbeam and real experimental data as well as reconstructed object classes for use in physics analyses. LCIO defines a common abstract programming interface (API) and is designed to be lightweight and flexible without introducing additional dependencies on other software packages. Concrete implementations are provided in several programming languages, providing end users the flexibility of using multiple simulation, reconstruction and analysis frameworks. Persistence is provided by a simple binary format that supports data compression and random event access. LCIO is being used by the ILC and CLiC physics and detector communities to conduct performance benchmarking studies such as the recently completed CLiC CDR and the ILC Detailed Baseline Design (DBD) study to be completed in 2012. Detector studies for the Muon Collider are also being conducted using LCIO as the event data model and persistency. Multiple test-beam collaborations have used LCIO to store and process hundreds of millions of events, providing experience with real data. Recently the Heavy Photon Search collaboration also adopted LCIO as its event data model and offline persistency format. In this talk we present details of its use in these various applications, and discuss the successful cooperation and collaboration LCIO has enabled. We will also present the design and implementation of new features introduced in LCIO2.0.
{"title":"LCIO: A persistency framework and event data model for HEP","authors":"S. Aplin, J. Engels, F. Gaede, N. Graf, Tony Johnson, J. McCormick","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.2012.6551478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2012.6551478","url":null,"abstract":"LCIO is a persistency framework and event data model which was originally developed for the next linear collider physics and detector response simulation studies. Since then, the data model has been extended to also incorporate raw data formats to support testbeam and real experimental data as well as reconstructed object classes for use in physics analyses. LCIO defines a common abstract programming interface (API) and is designed to be lightweight and flexible without introducing additional dependencies on other software packages. Concrete implementations are provided in several programming languages, providing end users the flexibility of using multiple simulation, reconstruction and analysis frameworks. Persistence is provided by a simple binary format that supports data compression and random event access. LCIO is being used by the ILC and CLiC physics and detector communities to conduct performance benchmarking studies such as the recently completed CLiC CDR and the ILC Detailed Baseline Design (DBD) study to be completed in 2012. Detector studies for the Muon Collider are also being conducted using LCIO as the event data model and persistency. Multiple test-beam collaborations have used LCIO to store and process hundreds of millions of events, providing experience with real data. Recently the Heavy Photon Search collaboration also adopted LCIO as its event data model and offline persistency format. In this talk we present details of its use in these various applications, and discuss the successful cooperation and collaboration LCIO has enabled. We will also present the design and implementation of new features introduced in LCIO2.0.","PeriodicalId":187728,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference Record (NSS/MIC)","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121991142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-11-20DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.2012.6551160
Gabriella Carini, A. Dragone, Benoît-Louis Bérubé, P. Caragiulo, David M. Fritz, P. Hart, R. Herbst, Sven Herrmann, C. Kenney, A. Kuczewski, Henrik T. Lemke, Joseph Mead, J. Morse, J. Pines, A. Robert, D. Siddons, D. Zhu, G. Haller
"eLine", a class of multichannel time-variant integrating front-end Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), has been completed at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory for applications at the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS). The class, designed for pixelated sensors with column-parallel readout, is composed of two front-end ASICs: one designed for high-dynamic range applications (eLine10k) and one designed for ultra-low noise applications (eLine100). The first allows large input full-scale signals, on the order of 104 8keV photons, with a resolution of half a photon FWHM; while the second provides low noise charge integration, up to a full-scale signal of 100 8keV photons, with an equivalent noise charge (ENC) of 55e- r.m.s. Three different prototype systems utilizing the ASICs are described. The first is a 32k-pixel X-ray Active Matrix Pixel Sensor (XAMPS) detector developed at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) for the X-ray Pump Probe instrument (XPP) at LCLS. The XAMPS are monolithic detectors with fast-frame readout and large full-scale signal. In particular, they provide a full well capacity on the order of 104 8keV photons per pixel and a resolution of half a photon FWHM. The second prototype, developed around eLine10k, is a beam finder with high dynamic range. The third prototype is developed around eLine100 to be used as detector in a spectrometer. Applications, test results and performance are discussed.
{"title":"Characterization of the eLine ASICs in prototype detector systems for LCLS","authors":"Gabriella Carini, A. Dragone, Benoît-Louis Bérubé, P. Caragiulo, David M. Fritz, P. Hart, R. Herbst, Sven Herrmann, C. Kenney, A. Kuczewski, Henrik T. Lemke, Joseph Mead, J. Morse, J. Pines, A. Robert, D. Siddons, D. Zhu, G. Haller","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.2012.6551160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2012.6551160","url":null,"abstract":"\"eLine\", a class of multichannel time-variant integrating front-end Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), has been completed at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory for applications at the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS). The class, designed for pixelated sensors with column-parallel readout, is composed of two front-end ASICs: one designed for high-dynamic range applications (eLine10k) and one designed for ultra-low noise applications (eLine100). The first allows large input full-scale signals, on the order of 104 8keV photons, with a resolution of half a photon FWHM; while the second provides low noise charge integration, up to a full-scale signal of 100 8keV photons, with an equivalent noise charge (ENC) of 55e- r.m.s. Three different prototype systems utilizing the ASICs are described. The first is a 32k-pixel X-ray Active Matrix Pixel Sensor (XAMPS) detector developed at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) for the X-ray Pump Probe instrument (XPP) at LCLS. The XAMPS are monolithic detectors with fast-frame readout and large full-scale signal. In particular, they provide a full well capacity on the order of 104 8keV photons per pixel and a resolution of half a photon FWHM. The second prototype, developed around eLine10k, is a beam finder with high dynamic range. The third prototype is developed around eLine100 to be used as detector in a spectrometer. Applications, test results and performance are discussed.","PeriodicalId":187728,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference Record (NSS/MIC)","volume":"100 10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121078785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-11-20DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.2012.6551161
S. Herrmann, S. Boutet, G. Carini, A. Dragone, B. Duda, D. Freytag, G. Haller, P. Hart, R. Herbst, C. Kenney, J. Pines, G. Williams
With the successful operation of three 2.3 megapixel, 120Hz readout rate, hybrid pixel array detectors at the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS), the SLAC detector group is now exploring further applications based on the same detector platform. These megapixel cameras are based on the Cornell-SLAC hybrid Pixel Array Detector (CSPAD). The next detector variant based on the proven CSPAD platform is the CSPAD-140k: a 140 kilopixel detector, with an active area of ca. 4×4 cm2, in a small, cheap and easy-to-deploy package. The small and modular design allows for easy adaptation to already existing experimental setups which often have tight space constraints. A further advantage of the modular design is the capability to deploy multiple detectors in various mechanical arrangements.
{"title":"CSPAD - 140k - Experimental applications at LCLS","authors":"S. Herrmann, S. Boutet, G. Carini, A. Dragone, B. Duda, D. Freytag, G. Haller, P. Hart, R. Herbst, C. Kenney, J. Pines, G. Williams","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.2012.6551161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2012.6551161","url":null,"abstract":"With the successful operation of three 2.3 megapixel, 120Hz readout rate, hybrid pixel array detectors at the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS), the SLAC detector group is now exploring further applications based on the same detector platform. These megapixel cameras are based on the Cornell-SLAC hybrid Pixel Array Detector (CSPAD). The next detector variant based on the proven CSPAD platform is the CSPAD-140k: a 140 kilopixel detector, with an active area of ca. 4×4 cm2, in a small, cheap and easy-to-deploy package. The small and modular design allows for easy adaptation to already existing experimental setups which often have tight space constraints. A further advantage of the modular design is the capability to deploy multiple detectors in various mechanical arrangements.","PeriodicalId":187728,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference Record (NSS/MIC)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126704996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-11-19DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.2012.6551166
P. Hart, S. Boutet, G. CarmI, A. Dragone, B. Duda, D. Freytag, G. Haller, R. Herbst, S. Herrmann, C. Kenney, J. Morse, M. Nordby, J. Pines, N. Bakel, M. Weaver, Garth J. Williams
The Cornell-SLAC pixel array detector (CSpad) is a general-purpose integrating hybrid pixel x-ray camera developed for use at the Linear Coherent Light Source (LCLS) x-ray free electron laser at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC). The detector has a full well capacity of about 2.Sk photons in low-gain mode and a SIN of about 6 in high-gain mode. Its 2.3M pixels are read out at 120 Hz. The detector comprises 32 500μm silicon sensors bump-bonded to 64 185×194-pixel ASICs. The pixel size is 110μm. The water-cooled detector quadrants can be radially moved in-situ to vary the beam aperture. SLAC has built, calibrated, and optimized three complete camera systems based on a sensor and ASIC designed by Cornell. The camera is read out by a DAQ system which provides extensive online monitoring and prompt analysis capabilities. We have also built a dozen smaller cameras in a portable form-factor for use in confined spaces and for ease of development, testing, and deployment. Through 2012 user experiments have taken almost a petabyte of data with these detectors in a variety of applications. We have extensively tested the detector at synchrotrons and with an x-ray tube, in addition to commissioning tests at the LCLS, investigating linearity, cross-talk, homogeneity, and radiation hardness. The SLAC detector group is deploying improved support infrastructure and an updated ASIC and electronics based on this experience. This paper describes the instrument, its calibration and performance, and presents preliminary results from the updated camera.
{"title":"The Cornell-SLAC pixel array detector at LCLS","authors":"P. Hart, S. Boutet, G. CarmI, A. Dragone, B. Duda, D. Freytag, G. Haller, R. Herbst, S. Herrmann, C. Kenney, J. Morse, M. Nordby, J. Pines, N. Bakel, M. Weaver, Garth J. Williams","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.2012.6551166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2012.6551166","url":null,"abstract":"The Cornell-SLAC pixel array detector (CSpad) is a general-purpose integrating hybrid pixel x-ray camera developed for use at the Linear Coherent Light Source (LCLS) x-ray free electron laser at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC). The detector has a full well capacity of about 2.Sk photons in low-gain mode and a SIN of about 6 in high-gain mode. Its 2.3M pixels are read out at 120 Hz. The detector comprises 32 500μm silicon sensors bump-bonded to 64 185×194-pixel ASICs. The pixel size is 110μm. The water-cooled detector quadrants can be radially moved in-situ to vary the beam aperture. SLAC has built, calibrated, and optimized three complete camera systems based on a sensor and ASIC designed by Cornell. The camera is read out by a DAQ system which provides extensive online monitoring and prompt analysis capabilities. We have also built a dozen smaller cameras in a portable form-factor for use in confined spaces and for ease of development, testing, and deployment. Through 2012 user experiments have taken almost a petabyte of data with these detectors in a variety of applications. We have extensively tested the detector at synchrotrons and with an x-ray tube, in addition to commissioning tests at the LCLS, investigating linearity, cross-talk, homogeneity, and radiation hardness. The SLAC detector group is deploying improved support infrastructure and an updated ASIC and electronics based on this experience. This paper describes the instrument, its calibration and performance, and presents preliminary results from the updated camera.","PeriodicalId":187728,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference Record (NSS/MIC)","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134452157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-11-16DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.2012.6551112
G. Dissertori, D. Luckey, F. Nessi-Tedaldi, F. Pauss, R. Wallny
Scintillating ceramics are a promising, new development for various applications in science and industry. Their application in calorimetry for particle physics experiments is expected to involve an exposure to high levels of ionizing radiation. In this paper, changes in performance have been measured for scintillating ceramic samples of different composition after exposure to penetrating ionizing radiation up to a dose of 38 kGy.
{"title":"Performance studies of scintillating ceramic samples exposed to ionizing radiation","authors":"G. Dissertori, D. Luckey, F. Nessi-Tedaldi, F. Pauss, R. Wallny","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.2012.6551112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2012.6551112","url":null,"abstract":"Scintillating ceramics are a promising, new development for various applications in science and industry. Their application in calorimetry for particle physics experiments is expected to involve an exposure to high levels of ionizing radiation. In this paper, changes in performance have been measured for scintillating ceramic samples of different composition after exposure to penetrating ionizing radiation up to a dose of 38 kGy.","PeriodicalId":187728,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference Record (NSS/MIC)","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126527083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-11-03DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.2012.6551742
A. Konstantinidis, Yi Zheng, A. Olivo, K. Bliznakova, M. Yip, T. Anaxagoras, K. Wells, N. Allinson, R. Speller
The most important factors that affect the image quality are contrast, spatial resolution and noise. These factors and their relationship are quantitatively described by the Contrast-to-Noise Ratio (CNR), Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), Modulation Transfer Function (MTF), Noise Power Spectrum (NPS) and Detective Quantum Efficiency (DQE) parameters. The combination of SNR, MTF and NPS determines the DQE, which represents the ability to visualize object details of a certain size and contrast at a given dose. In this study the performance of a novel large area Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (CMOS) Active Pixel Sensor (APS) X-ray detector, called DynAMITe (Dynamic range Adjustable for Medical Imaging Technology), was investigated and compared to other three digital mammography systems (namely a) Large Area Sensor (LAS), b) Hamamatsu C9732DK, and c) Anrad SMAM), in terms of physical characteristics and evaluation of the image quality. DynAMITe detector consists of two geometrically superimposed grids: a) 2560 × 2624 pixels at 50 11m pitch, named Sub-Pixels (SP camera) and b) 1280 × 1312 pixels at 100 11m pitch, named Pixels (P camera). The X-ray performance evaluation of DynAMITe SP detector demonstrated high DQE results (0.58 to 0.64 at 0.5 Ip/mm). Image simulation based on the X-ray performance of the detectors was used to predict and compare the mammographic image quality using ideal software phantoms: a) one representing two three dimensional (3-D) breasts of various thickness and glandularity to estimate the CNR between simulated microcalcifications and the background, and b) the CDMAM 3.4 test tool for a contrast-detail analysis of small thickness and low contrast objects. The results show that DynAMITe SP detector results in high CNR and contrast-detail performance.
{"title":"Evaluation of a novel wafer-scale CMOS APS X-ray detector for use in mammography","authors":"A. Konstantinidis, Yi Zheng, A. Olivo, K. Bliznakova, M. Yip, T. Anaxagoras, K. Wells, N. Allinson, R. Speller","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.2012.6551742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2012.6551742","url":null,"abstract":"The most important factors that affect the image quality are contrast, spatial resolution and noise. These factors and their relationship are quantitatively described by the Contrast-to-Noise Ratio (CNR), Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), Modulation Transfer Function (MTF), Noise Power Spectrum (NPS) and Detective Quantum Efficiency (DQE) parameters. The combination of SNR, MTF and NPS determines the DQE, which represents the ability to visualize object details of a certain size and contrast at a given dose. In this study the performance of a novel large area Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (CMOS) Active Pixel Sensor (APS) X-ray detector, called DynAMITe (Dynamic range Adjustable for Medical Imaging Technology), was investigated and compared to other three digital mammography systems (namely a) Large Area Sensor (LAS), b) Hamamatsu C9732DK, and c) Anrad SMAM), in terms of physical characteristics and evaluation of the image quality. DynAMITe detector consists of two geometrically superimposed grids: a) 2560 × 2624 pixels at 50 11m pitch, named Sub-Pixels (SP camera) and b) 1280 × 1312 pixels at 100 11m pitch, named Pixels (P camera). The X-ray performance evaluation of DynAMITe SP detector demonstrated high DQE results (0.58 to 0.64 at 0.5 Ip/mm). Image simulation based on the X-ray performance of the detectors was used to predict and compare the mammographic image quality using ideal software phantoms: a) one representing two three dimensional (3-D) breasts of various thickness and glandularity to estimate the CNR between simulated microcalcifications and the background, and b) the CDMAM 3.4 test tool for a contrast-detail analysis of small thickness and low contrast objects. The results show that DynAMITe SP detector results in high CNR and contrast-detail performance.","PeriodicalId":187728,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference Record (NSS/MIC)","volume":"172 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122289619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-11-03DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.2012.6551868
M. Bahri, Florian Bretin, G. Warnock, A. Luxen, E. Salmon, A. Plenevaux, A. Seret
The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of the General Electric (GE) eXplore CT 120 microCT using the methodology and image quality assurance vmCT phantom developed for the GE eXplore Ultra. In addition, Quality assurance in Radiology and Medicine (QRM) low contrast and bar pattern phantoms were used. The phantoms were imaged using the six protocols regularly used in our laboratory (Fast scan 220 (PI) or 360 (P2): 70 kV, 32 rnA, 220 or 360 views; Soft tissue fast scan (P3): 70 kV, 50 rnA, 220 views; Soft tissue step & shoot (P4): 80 kV, 32 rnA, 220 views; Low Noise (P5): 100 kV, 50 rnA, 720 views; and In Vivo Bone scan (P6): 100 kV, 50 rnA, 360 views). Data were reconstructed with an isotropic voxel size of 100 μm or 50 μm for detector-binning 4×4 and 2×2, respectively. The Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) obtained with the slanted edge and coil methods agreed very well. A 10% MTF was observed in the range 3.6-4.8 mm-1 (P1&2 = 4.2; P3&4 = 4.8; P5 = 3.6 and P6 = 3.8), corresponding to 95-138 μm resolutions. The smallest bars visually observed on the QRM BarPattern phantom image were 100 μm for all protocols. The geometric accuracy was better than 0.1 %. A highly linear (R2 > 0.999) relationship between measured and expected CT number for both the CT number accuracy and linearity sections of the vmCT phantom was observed with a voltage dependent slope. A cupping effect was observed on the uniform slices. This effect was clearly highlighted by the uniformity-to-noise ratio (PI = 0.58, P2&3&4 = 0.75, P5 = 1.35 and P6 = 2.74) especially for the low-noise protocols P5 and P6. The best contrast discrimination as assessed using the low contrast phantom was observed for P2 and P5 protocols. In conclusion the eXplore CT 120 achieved a resolution in the range 95-138 μm. It was found to be linear and geometrically accurate. The major difference between the protocols was the noise level which limits the detectability of low contrasts.
{"title":"Performance evaluation of the GE eXplore CT 120 micro-CT for various scanning protocols","authors":"M. Bahri, Florian Bretin, G. Warnock, A. Luxen, E. Salmon, A. Plenevaux, A. Seret","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.2012.6551868","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2012.6551868","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of the General Electric (GE) eXplore CT 120 microCT using the methodology and image quality assurance vmCT phantom developed for the GE eXplore Ultra. In addition, Quality assurance in Radiology and Medicine (QRM) low contrast and bar pattern phantoms were used. The phantoms were imaged using the six protocols regularly used in our laboratory (Fast scan 220 (PI) or 360 (P2): 70 kV, 32 rnA, 220 or 360 views; Soft tissue fast scan (P3): 70 kV, 50 rnA, 220 views; Soft tissue step & shoot (P4): 80 kV, 32 rnA, 220 views; Low Noise (P5): 100 kV, 50 rnA, 720 views; and In Vivo Bone scan (P6): 100 kV, 50 rnA, 360 views). Data were reconstructed with an isotropic voxel size of 100 μm or 50 μm for detector-binning 4×4 and 2×2, respectively. The Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) obtained with the slanted edge and coil methods agreed very well. A 10% MTF was observed in the range 3.6-4.8 mm-1 (P1&2 = 4.2; P3&4 = 4.8; P5 = 3.6 and P6 = 3.8), corresponding to 95-138 μm resolutions. The smallest bars visually observed on the QRM BarPattern phantom image were 100 μm for all protocols. The geometric accuracy was better than 0.1 %. A highly linear (R2 > 0.999) relationship between measured and expected CT number for both the CT number accuracy and linearity sections of the vmCT phantom was observed with a voltage dependent slope. A cupping effect was observed on the uniform slices. This effect was clearly highlighted by the uniformity-to-noise ratio (PI = 0.58, P2&3&4 = 0.75, P5 = 1.35 and P6 = 2.74) especially for the low-noise protocols P5 and P6. The best contrast discrimination as assessed using the low contrast phantom was observed for P2 and P5 protocols. In conclusion the eXplore CT 120 achieved a resolution in the range 95-138 μm. It was found to be linear and geometrically accurate. The major difference between the protocols was the noise level which limits the detectability of low contrasts.","PeriodicalId":187728,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference Record (NSS/MIC)","volume":"72 9","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113940700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-11-01DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.2012.6551797
W. Xi, J. McKisson, A. Weisenberger, S. Lee, M. Taylor, A. Stepanyan, C. Zorn
We developed a novel calibration methodology for a PET detector with dual-ended readout of an LYSO array by two silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs). By introducing a detector gain balancing step in the calibration process, improved depth-of-interaction calibration uniformity and accuracy can be achieved. The entire calibration process has four steps: scintillation crystal array mappings for two SiPM readouts, detector gain balancing, energy calibration, and depth-of-interaction calibration. This document provides a detailed description on the detector calibration system setup.
{"title":"Calibration methodology for a dual-ended readout silicon photomultiplier based depth-of-interaction PET detector module","authors":"W. Xi, J. McKisson, A. Weisenberger, S. Lee, M. Taylor, A. Stepanyan, C. Zorn","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.2012.6551797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2012.6551797","url":null,"abstract":"We developed a novel calibration methodology for a PET detector with dual-ended readout of an LYSO array by two silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs). By introducing a detector gain balancing step in the calibration process, improved depth-of-interaction calibration uniformity and accuracy can be achieved. The entire calibration process has four steps: scintillation crystal array mappings for two SiPM readouts, detector gain balancing, energy calibration, and depth-of-interaction calibration. This document provides a detailed description on the detector calibration system setup.","PeriodicalId":187728,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference Record (NSS/MIC)","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114371672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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