Olajumoke H. Olubowale, Quynh Do, Xochitl Gonzalez, Deja Hebert, Neepa Kurruppu Arachchige, Vladimir L. Kolesnichenko, Jayne C. Garno
A protocol for encapsulation of metal nanoparticles with organic shells of porphyrin molecules via silane coupling is described. A strategy with silicon tetrachloride was used to produce a skewered arrangement of porphyrins that are linked through a central silicon atom by siloxane, Si-O-Si bridges. The planar macrocycles align cofacially to surround the periphery of metal nanoparticles (e.g. gold, iron oxide). Skewered ‘shish kebob’ assemblies of porphyrins form an encapsulating shell by attachment to metal cores with silicon-oxygen-metal bridges. Free-base porphyrins were skewered through siloxane coupling using SiCl4, with the silicon atom inserted to the center of the macrocycles. The Si atom binds to the four nitrogens at the center of the macrocycles, and also links to adjacent macrocycles through siloxane bridges. Iron and gold nanoparticles were used as core materials, while the organic shells were prepared with tetraphenyl porphyrin or octaethyl porphyrin. The thickness of the shells can be tuned by synthetic parameters such as concentration and immersion intervals. Structural changes were tracked using UV/Vis spectroscopy to evaluate spectral shifts. Nanoparticle samples were examined with tapping-mode atomic force microscopy to directly view changes in the size and shapes of nanoparticles before and after encapsulation with porphyrins. Phase images enabled sensitive mapping of the nanoparticle composition, revealing a soft organic shell surrounding the hard metal core. The synthetic approach with skewering porphyrins to metal nanoparticles should be generic for preparing metal core-shell nanoparticles encapsulated with shells of macrocyclic porphyrinoid molecules.
{"title":"Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles Encapsulated with Skewered Porphyrins Assembled by Siloxane Coupling","authors":"Olajumoke H. Olubowale, Quynh Do, Xochitl Gonzalez, Deja Hebert, Neepa Kurruppu Arachchige, Vladimir L. Kolesnichenko, Jayne C. Garno","doi":"10.37256/nat.4220233446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37256/nat.4220233446","url":null,"abstract":"A protocol for encapsulation of metal nanoparticles with organic shells of porphyrin molecules via silane coupling is described. A strategy with silicon tetrachloride was used to produce a skewered arrangement of porphyrins that are linked through a central silicon atom by siloxane, Si-O-Si bridges. The planar macrocycles align cofacially to surround the periphery of metal nanoparticles (e.g. gold, iron oxide). Skewered ‘shish kebob’ assemblies of porphyrins form an encapsulating shell by attachment to metal cores with silicon-oxygen-metal bridges. Free-base porphyrins were skewered through siloxane coupling using SiCl4, with the silicon atom inserted to the center of the macrocycles. The Si atom binds to the four nitrogens at the center of the macrocycles, and also links to adjacent macrocycles through siloxane bridges. Iron and gold nanoparticles were used as core materials, while the organic shells were prepared with tetraphenyl porphyrin or octaethyl porphyrin. The thickness of the shells can be tuned by synthetic parameters such as concentration and immersion intervals. Structural changes were tracked using UV/Vis spectroscopy to evaluate spectral shifts. Nanoparticle samples were examined with tapping-mode atomic force microscopy to directly view changes in the size and shapes of nanoparticles before and after encapsulation with porphyrins. Phase images enabled sensitive mapping of the nanoparticle composition, revealing a soft organic shell surrounding the hard metal core. The synthetic approach with skewering porphyrins to metal nanoparticles should be generic for preparing metal core-shell nanoparticles encapsulated with shells of macrocyclic porphyrinoid molecules.","PeriodicalId":18798,"journal":{"name":"Nanoarchitectonics","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136296226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The core parts of developing dressed photon (DP) research that require advanced knowledge of highly mathematical quantum field theory and their potentially important impacts on the wide spectrum of long-term scientific activities in general, not necessarily restricted to those in the natural science sector, are succinctly explained in this article. Although a considerable number of remarkable technological achievements in the field of nanophotonics have been attained by utilizing DP phenomena, from the theoretical viewpoint, they remain enigmatic, as in the case of dark matter and energy in cosmology. Under such circumstances, an intriguing working hypothesis (WH) for DPs is proposed by the authors of this article through a combination of Ojima’s micro-macro duality theory and the Greenberg-Robinson theorem, claiming that the space-like momentum contribution is an inevitable element for quantum field interactions to occur. Note that, as the Schrödinger’s cat thought experiment clearly shows, the widespread common quantum mechanics knowledge is incapable of explaining how the invisible quantum world is connected to our familiar visible classical world. In the above-mentioned WH, the main reason why we cannot explain either DPs or dark entities in cosmology is shown to have roots in the fact that the prevailing theories have not revealed an important role of spacelike momentum in connecting the quantum and classical worlds. Our new WH further shows that the entire universe is connected by an instantaneous spacelike entropic spin network, as in the case of quantum spin entanglement explained in mainstream physics. Since such a network may have a close relation with the nonlocal consciousness field, which seems to be the final frontier of physics, our perspective on such a possibility is briefly given in the final section of this paper.
{"title":"Perspective on an Emerging Frontier of Nanoscience Opened up by Dressed Photon Studies","authors":"Hirofumi Sakuma, Izumi Ojima, Motoichi Ohtsu","doi":"10.37256/nat.5120243508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37256/nat.5120243508","url":null,"abstract":"The core parts of developing dressed photon (DP) research that require advanced knowledge of highly mathematical quantum field theory and their potentially important impacts on the wide spectrum of long-term scientific activities in general, not necessarily restricted to those in the natural science sector, are succinctly explained in this article. Although a considerable number of remarkable technological achievements in the field of nanophotonics have been attained by utilizing DP phenomena, from the theoretical viewpoint, they remain enigmatic, as in the case of dark matter and energy in cosmology. Under such circumstances, an intriguing working hypothesis (WH) for DPs is proposed by the authors of this article through a combination of Ojima’s micro-macro duality theory and the Greenberg-Robinson theorem, claiming that the space-like momentum contribution is an inevitable element for quantum field interactions to occur. Note that, as the Schrödinger’s cat thought experiment clearly shows, the widespread common quantum mechanics knowledge is incapable of explaining how the invisible quantum world is connected to our familiar visible classical world. In the above-mentioned WH, the main reason why we cannot explain either DPs or dark entities in cosmology is shown to have roots in the fact that the prevailing theories have not revealed an important role of spacelike momentum in connecting the quantum and classical worlds. Our new WH further shows that the entire universe is connected by an instantaneous spacelike entropic spin network, as in the case of quantum spin entanglement explained in mainstream physics. Since such a network may have a close relation with the nonlocal consciousness field, which seems to be the final frontier of physics, our perspective on such a possibility is briefly given in the final section of this paper.","PeriodicalId":18798,"journal":{"name":"Nanoarchitectonics","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136010418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nuria Ramos, Donna-Joe Bigot, Gabrielle Zeder-Lutz, J. Strub, A. Dagkesamanskaya, Régis Fauré, Sébastien Nouaille, Cédric Y. Montanier, Gilles Ferry, Renaud Wagner, Sarah Cianférani, J. A. Boutin, Gilles Truan
Nanobodies– or VHH– are small proteins (~120 residues) issued from antibodies with an intact recognition for the original target of the antibody. In the present study, we show the possibility of incorporating non-canonical amino acids at precise location of the sequence via classical genetic techniques (Genetic Code Expansion). We demonstrate that the amount of recombinant protein obtained is compatible with large production format. We show that this protein can be purified, that its sequence corresponds to the theoretical molecular weight and that the two non-canonical amino acids are incorporated at the desired locations of the sequence. Finally, we show by SPR that the affinity of these VHHs is maintained towards its target, HER2.
{"title":"Genetic Incorporation of Non-canonical Amino Acids in Anti-HER2 VHH: Expression and Characterization","authors":"Nuria Ramos, Donna-Joe Bigot, Gabrielle Zeder-Lutz, J. Strub, A. Dagkesamanskaya, Régis Fauré, Sébastien Nouaille, Cédric Y. Montanier, Gilles Ferry, Renaud Wagner, Sarah Cianférani, J. A. Boutin, Gilles Truan","doi":"10.37256/nat.5120243482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37256/nat.5120243482","url":null,"abstract":"Nanobodies– or VHH– are small proteins (~120 residues) issued from antibodies with an intact recognition for the original target of the antibody. In the present study, we show the possibility of incorporating non-canonical amino acids at precise location of the sequence via classical genetic techniques (Genetic Code Expansion). We demonstrate that the amount of recombinant protein obtained is compatible with large production format. We show that this protein can be purified, that its sequence corresponds to the theoretical molecular weight and that the two non-canonical amino acids are incorporated at the desired locations of the sequence. Finally, we show by SPR that the affinity of these VHHs is maintained towards its target, HER2.","PeriodicalId":18798,"journal":{"name":"Nanoarchitectonics","volume":"279 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76292089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The influence of nanofillers percentage on a patch antenna return loss (RL) was investigated through experimental and numerical analysis. Free space measurements were carried out on six samples reinforced with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) containing 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 5 wt%. The experimental measurements were obtained using a Vector Network Analyser (VNA) and a patch antenna with a resonance frequency of 5 GHz and a fractional bandwidth of 3%. The antenna field regions were calculated and the samples were tested at the reactive, radiating near-field, and far-field. The findings indicate distinctive behaviours. At the reactive near-field region, the CNTs, as expected, seem to diminish the RL values around resonance frequencies. On the contrary, at radiating near-field and far-field, the CNTs provoke the variation of RL in the antenna bandwidth accordingly their percentage. Especially after the electrical percolation threshold (EPT). Moreover, a numerical study was performed. Using the Finite Element Method (FEM) and an idealized model of the RL behaviour values were simulated. At higher CNTs percentages (i.e., EPT), unique behaviours were found. The alteration in the key electromagnetic properties is confirmed in experimental and numerical studies.
{"title":"A Free Space Microwave Characterization of CNT-Epoxy based Nanocomposites using Two Patch Antennas","authors":"S. Tamayo-Vegas, K. Lafdi, M. Elsdon","doi":"10.37256/nat.4220233463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37256/nat.4220233463","url":null,"abstract":"The influence of nanofillers percentage on a patch antenna return loss (RL) was investigated through experimental and numerical analysis. Free space measurements were carried out on six samples reinforced with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) containing 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 5 wt%. The experimental measurements were obtained using a Vector Network Analyser (VNA) and a patch antenna with a resonance frequency of 5 GHz and a fractional bandwidth of 3%. The antenna field regions were calculated and the samples were tested at the reactive, radiating near-field, and far-field. The findings indicate distinctive behaviours. At the reactive near-field region, the CNTs, as expected, seem to diminish the RL values around resonance frequencies. On the contrary, at radiating near-field and far-field, the CNTs provoke the variation of RL in the antenna bandwidth accordingly their percentage. Especially after the electrical percolation threshold (EPT). Moreover, a numerical study was performed. Using the Finite Element Method (FEM) and an idealized model of the RL behaviour values were simulated. At higher CNTs percentages (i.e., EPT), unique behaviours were found. The alteration in the key electromagnetic properties is confirmed in experimental and numerical studies.","PeriodicalId":18798,"journal":{"name":"Nanoarchitectonics","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86054471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Agglomeration of nanoparticles is an often-observed phenomenon. In severe cases, it may lead to a reduction in the usability of a product. Therefore, it is necessary to study the processes that lead to this undesirable phenomenon. Analyzing this phenomenon, one learns that it is necessary to distinguish between ‘hard’ agglomerates called aggregates and ‘soft’ agglomerates. Furthermore, one has to distinguish arrangements, where, potentially, each particle may collide with each other or arrangements, where collisions are possible only with the next neighbors. The first of these cases is observed in case of synthesis, whereas the second one is typical for particles stored in a box. For the analysis of thermodynamic stability, the entropy of the mixture is the appropriate parameter described by the Gibbs equation. In lack of sufficient data for possible materials, it was not possible to calculate the free enthalpy to give thermodynamical valid description of the stability of the agglomerates. Furthermore, this paper indicates theoretical problems waiting for great ideas.
{"title":"Agglomeration and Aggregation of Nanoparticles","authors":"Dieter Vollath","doi":"10.37256/nat.4220233222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37256/nat.4220233222","url":null,"abstract":"Agglomeration of nanoparticles is an often-observed phenomenon. In severe cases, it may lead to a reduction in the usability of a product. Therefore, it is necessary to study the processes that lead to this undesirable phenomenon. Analyzing this phenomenon, one learns that it is necessary to distinguish between ‘hard’ agglomerates called aggregates and ‘soft’ agglomerates. Furthermore, one has to distinguish arrangements, where, potentially, each particle may collide with each other or arrangements, where collisions are possible only with the next neighbors. The first of these cases is observed in case of synthesis, whereas the second one is typical for particles stored in a box. For the analysis of thermodynamic stability, the entropy of the mixture is the appropriate parameter described by the Gibbs equation. In lack of sufficient data for possible materials, it was not possible to calculate the free enthalpy to give thermodynamical valid description of the stability of the agglomerates. Furthermore, this paper indicates theoretical problems waiting for great ideas.","PeriodicalId":18798,"journal":{"name":"Nanoarchitectonics","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136017449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Agglomeration of nanoparticles is an often-observed phenomenon. In severe cases, it may lead to a reduction in the usability of a product. Therefore, it is necessary to study the processes that lead to this undesirable phenomenon. Analyzing this phenomenon, one learns that it is necessary to distinguish between ‘hard’ agglomerates called aggregates and ‘soft’ agglomerates. Furthermore, one has to distinguish arrangements, where, potentially, each particle may collide with each other or arrangements, where collisions are possible only with the next neighbors. The first of these cases is observed in case of synthesis, whereas the second one is typical for particles stored in a box. For the analysis of thermodynamic stability, the entropy of the mixture is the appropriate parameter described by the Gibbs equation. In lack of sufficient data for possible materials, it was not possible to calculate the free enthalpy to give thermodynamical valid description of the stability of the agglomerates. Furthermore, this paper indicates theoretical problems waiting for great ideas.
{"title":"Agglomeration and Aggregation of Nanoparticles","authors":"D. Vollath","doi":"10.37256/nat.4120233222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37256/nat.4120233222","url":null,"abstract":"Agglomeration of nanoparticles is an often-observed phenomenon. In severe cases, it may lead to a reduction in the usability of a product. Therefore, it is necessary to study the processes that lead to this undesirable phenomenon. Analyzing this phenomenon, one learns that it is necessary to distinguish between ‘hard’ agglomerates called aggregates and ‘soft’ agglomerates. Furthermore, one has to distinguish arrangements, where, potentially, each particle may collide with each other or arrangements, where collisions are possible only with the next neighbors. The first of these cases is observed in case of synthesis, whereas the second one is typical for particles stored in a box. For the analysis of thermodynamic stability, the entropy of the mixture is the appropriate parameter described by the Gibbs equation. In lack of sufficient data for possible materials, it was not possible to calculate the free enthalpy to give thermodynamical valid description of the stability of the agglomerates. Furthermore, this paper indicates theoretical problems waiting for great ideas.","PeriodicalId":18798,"journal":{"name":"Nanoarchitectonics","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89972725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The term “nanodentistry” was first introduced at the beginning of the 21st century. In recent decades,nanotechnology has progressed significantly, creating numerous opportunities for application in various biomedicalfields. In particular, the use of nanoparticles in endodontics has attracted considerable interest due to their uniquecharacteristics. As a result of their nano-size, nanoparticles possess several properties that can improve the treatment ofendodontic infections, such as increased antibacterial activity, increased reactivity, and the ability to be functionalizedwith other reactive compounds. Materials whose size is less than 100 nm in at least one dimension are referred to asnanomaterials. Among nanoparticles can be found grains, fibers, clusters, nano-holes, or their combinations. The mainfeature of nanoparticles is their large surface area per unit mass compared to bulk matter. Due to their large surface area,nanoparticles have significantly modified the physical and chemical properties of the material in comparison to bulkmatter. Nanoparticles with their modified and specific physicochemical properties, such as ultra-small size, large surfacearea/mass ratio, and increased chemical reactivity, have opened new prospects in endodontics. For the present study, anelectronic search was done using MEDLINE (PubMed), Google Scholar, and open-access journals that are publishedby Elsevier. For search words and phrases: «nanotechnology», «nanotechnology in dentistry», and «classification ofnanoparticles» were used in various combinations. Forty articles were found, from which 16 were selected. The selecteditems include research and review articles. This review provides insights into the unique characteristics of nanoparticles,including their chemical, physical, and antimicrobial properties; limitations; and potential uses. Various studiesconcerning different methods of using nanoparticles in endodontics have been thoroughly studied. Based on previousclinical studies, methods of nanoparticle use in endodontics were evaluated. The findings indicate that nanoparticleapplications in endodontics have a lot of potential.
{"title":"Applications of Nanotechnology in Endodontics: A Narrative Review","authors":"Svitlana Boitsaniuk, Orest Kochan, Mariana Levkiv","doi":"10.37256/nat.4220233758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37256/nat.4220233758","url":null,"abstract":"The term “nanodentistry” was first introduced at the beginning of the 21st century. In recent decades,nanotechnology has progressed significantly, creating numerous opportunities for application in various biomedicalfields. In particular, the use of nanoparticles in endodontics has attracted considerable interest due to their uniquecharacteristics. As a result of their nano-size, nanoparticles possess several properties that can improve the treatment ofendodontic infections, such as increased antibacterial activity, increased reactivity, and the ability to be functionalizedwith other reactive compounds. Materials whose size is less than 100 nm in at least one dimension are referred to asnanomaterials. Among nanoparticles can be found grains, fibers, clusters, nano-holes, or their combinations. The mainfeature of nanoparticles is their large surface area per unit mass compared to bulk matter. Due to their large surface area,nanoparticles have significantly modified the physical and chemical properties of the material in comparison to bulkmatter. Nanoparticles with their modified and specific physicochemical properties, such as ultra-small size, large surfacearea/mass ratio, and increased chemical reactivity, have opened new prospects in endodontics. For the present study, anelectronic search was done using MEDLINE (PubMed), Google Scholar, and open-access journals that are publishedby Elsevier. For search words and phrases: «nanotechnology», «nanotechnology in dentistry», and «classification ofnanoparticles» were used in various combinations. Forty articles were found, from which 16 were selected. The selecteditems include research and review articles. This review provides insights into the unique characteristics of nanoparticles,including their chemical, physical, and antimicrobial properties; limitations; and potential uses. Various studiesconcerning different methods of using nanoparticles in endodontics have been thoroughly studied. Based on previousclinical studies, methods of nanoparticle use in endodontics were evaluated. The findings indicate that nanoparticleapplications in endodontics have a lot of potential.","PeriodicalId":18798,"journal":{"name":"Nanoarchitectonics","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136231586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Charline Herrscher, Maroua Ben Haddada, Jessica Andries, Wildriss Viranaicken, Colette Cordonin, Gilles Gadea, Patrick Mavingui, Chaker El-Kalamouni, Anne-Laure Morel, Philippe Desprès
Conjugation of bioactive peptides to nanomaterials is a promising approach for a variety of biomedical uses. Indeed, we assumed that gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) functionalized with synthetic viral peptides represent a promising strategy to elicit antibody response against zoonotic coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 responsible for pandemic COVID-19 disease. Two specific linear B-cell epitopes namely S1P4 and S2P6 have been recently identified in the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein expressed by the COVID-19 mRNA BNT162 vaccine of Pfizer-BioNTech and marketed under the brand name Comirnaty. The present study aimed at investigating the immunogenic potential of AuNPs functionalized with synthetic PADRE^S1P4 and PADRE^S2P6 peptides in a mouse model. The AuNPs were synthesized using an environmentally friendly process. In both synthetic PADRE^S1P4 and PADRE^S2P6 peptides, the SARS-CoV-2 spike antibody epitope is preceded by a polybasic sequence and the T-helper cell response activator PADRE. A thiol-terminated polyethylene glycol was used to decorate AuNP surface with the synthetic peptides. The AuNPs-peptide conjugates were inoculated without any adjuvant to adult BALB/c mice by intramuscular route in a prime-boost schedule. The AuNPs functionalized with the PADRE^S2P6 peptide but not the PADRE^S1P4 peptide were efficient to elicit antibody production of relevant specificity against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. The ability of PADRE^S2P6 peptide-reactive antibodies to recognize SARS-CoV-2 variants opens important perspectives for AuNP-peptide conjugates as potential serological tools to support the surveillance of wildlife-origin coronaviruses.
{"title":"The Gold Nanoparticles-Functionalized with the Synthetic PADRE^S2P6 Peptide Can Be Useful for SARS-CoV-2 Detection","authors":"Charline Herrscher, Maroua Ben Haddada, Jessica Andries, Wildriss Viranaicken, Colette Cordonin, Gilles Gadea, Patrick Mavingui, Chaker El-Kalamouni, Anne-Laure Morel, Philippe Desprès","doi":"10.37256/nat.4220233692","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37256/nat.4220233692","url":null,"abstract":"Conjugation of bioactive peptides to nanomaterials is a promising approach for a variety of biomedical uses. Indeed, we assumed that gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) functionalized with synthetic viral peptides represent a promising strategy to elicit antibody response against zoonotic coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 responsible for pandemic COVID-19 disease. Two specific linear B-cell epitopes namely S1P4 and S2P6 have been recently identified in the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein expressed by the COVID-19 mRNA BNT162 vaccine of Pfizer-BioNTech and marketed under the brand name Comirnaty. The present study aimed at investigating the immunogenic potential of AuNPs functionalized with synthetic PADRE^S1P4 and PADRE^S2P6 peptides in a mouse model. The AuNPs were synthesized using an environmentally friendly process. In both synthetic PADRE^S1P4 and PADRE^S2P6 peptides, the SARS-CoV-2 spike antibody epitope is preceded by a polybasic sequence and the T-helper cell response activator PADRE. A thiol-terminated polyethylene glycol was used to decorate AuNP surface with the synthetic peptides. The AuNPs-peptide conjugates were inoculated without any adjuvant to adult BALB/c mice by intramuscular route in a prime-boost schedule. The AuNPs functionalized with the PADRE^S2P6 peptide but not the PADRE^S1P4 peptide were efficient to elicit antibody production of relevant specificity against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. The ability of PADRE^S2P6 peptide-reactive antibodies to recognize SARS-CoV-2 variants opens important perspectives for AuNP-peptide conjugates as potential serological tools to support the surveillance of wildlife-origin coronaviruses.","PeriodicalId":18798,"journal":{"name":"Nanoarchitectonics","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136004783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elekalachi, C. I, Ezenwa, I. A., Okereke, A. N, Okoli, N. L., Nwori, A. N
In this work, superlattice thin films of CdSe/ZnSe were fabricated on a non-conductive glass substrate using the successive ionic layer adsorption reaction (SILAR) method to investigate their properties for possible optoelectronic applications. The SILAR process involved a total cycle time of 100 seconds for a complete SILAR cycle with a total of 12 cycles made by depositing alternative layers of CdSe and ZnSe. The deposited thin films were annealed at different temperatures and characterized to determine their optical, elemental, morphological and structural properties using UV-VIS spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscope (SEM)/energy dispersive x-ray spectroscope (EDS) and x-ray diffraction techniques (XRD). The results of the characterizations revealed that optical properties of the films such as absorbance, reflectance, refractive index and extinction coefficient are low but increased as the annealing temperature increases. The bandgap energy was found to decrease from 2.50 eV-1.90 eV for as-deposited film and those annealed between 373 K and 523 K. film thickness was found to range from 130.169 nm to 254.441 nm. The EDS results showed that the target elements such as Cd, Zn, Se and other elements traceable to the nature of substrate used were found to be present in the deposited thin film samples. The results of the XRD showed that the thin films are polycrystalline and the diffraction peaks are influenced by annealing of the sample at a higher temperature such as 523 K. The crystal parameters such as crystallite size, dislocation density and micro-strain of the film at 523 K were found to be 5.546 nm, 3.25 × 1016 l/m2 and 1.13 × 10-2. The SEM results showed that the CdSe/ZnSe superlattice films were composed of tiny nanoparticles of different dimensions and sizes with hollow which increased as the annealing temperature increased from 432 K to 523 K. Possible applications of the deposited superlattice thin films in solar cells and optoelectronic devices were established by virtue of their bandgap energy and other properties.
{"title":"Influence of Annealing Temperature on the Properties of SILAR Deposited CdSe/ZnSe Superlattice Thin Films for Optoelectronic Applications","authors":"Elekalachi, C. I, Ezenwa, I. A., Okereke, A. N, Okoli, N. L., Nwori, A. N","doi":"10.37256/nat.4120231650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37256/nat.4120231650","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, superlattice thin films of CdSe/ZnSe were fabricated on a non-conductive glass substrate using the successive ionic layer adsorption reaction (SILAR) method to investigate their properties for possible optoelectronic applications. The SILAR process involved a total cycle time of 100 seconds for a complete SILAR cycle with a total of 12 cycles made by depositing alternative layers of CdSe and ZnSe. The deposited thin films were annealed at different temperatures and characterized to determine their optical, elemental, morphological and structural properties using UV-VIS spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscope (SEM)/energy dispersive x-ray spectroscope (EDS) and x-ray diffraction techniques (XRD). The results of the characterizations revealed that optical properties of the films such as absorbance, reflectance, refractive index and extinction coefficient are low but increased as the annealing temperature increases. The bandgap energy was found to decrease from 2.50 eV-1.90 eV for as-deposited film and those annealed between 373 K and 523 K. film thickness was found to range from 130.169 nm to 254.441 nm. The EDS results showed that the target elements such as Cd, Zn, Se and other elements traceable to the nature of substrate used were found to be present in the deposited thin film samples. The results of the XRD showed that the thin films are polycrystalline and the diffraction peaks are influenced by annealing of the sample at a higher temperature such as 523 K. The crystal parameters such as crystallite size, dislocation density and micro-strain of the film at 523 K were found to be 5.546 nm, 3.25 × 1016 l/m2 and 1.13 × 10-2. The SEM results showed that the CdSe/ZnSe superlattice films were composed of tiny nanoparticles of different dimensions and sizes with hollow which increased as the annealing temperature increased from 432 K to 523 K. Possible applications of the deposited superlattice thin films in solar cells and optoelectronic devices were established by virtue of their bandgap energy and other properties.","PeriodicalId":18798,"journal":{"name":"Nanoarchitectonics","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83328972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Manish Kumar Sahu, Ajaya Kumar PS, Chiranjit Karmakar, Gunjan Rastogi, R. K. Kaneriya, R. B. Upadhyay
Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) filters provide precise frequency filtering in RF and IF range with a tiny footprint. Metallic thin films are the essence of such modern SAW filter technology. However, SAW filters realized using NiCr/Al thin films are limited to power levels of ~5 dBm at RF frequencies. This limitation on power level is due to the acousto-migration phenomenon in thin films at higher power levels. In order to enhance the power durability of SAW filters, the preferred oriented growth of Al along (111) crystallographic direction is one of the methods to reduce acousto-migration. This paper explores the growth and characterization of different metallization schemes (NiCr/Al & Ti/Al) on different piezoelectric wafers to achieve oriented Al (111) film growth. Metallic thin films were deposited using electron beam evaporation technique. High Resolution X-Ray Diffraction (HR-XRD) and Four Point Probe Method were used for crystallographic characterization and Sheet Resistance (SR) measurement, respectively. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and surface profiler were used to characterize the surface morphology of the deposited films. FWHM of 4.12 degree of rocking curve on Al (111) peak has been achieved for Ti/Al metal film deposited on ST-X Quartz piezoelectric wafer along with low sheet resistance of 124 mΩ/sq. A deposition rate of 1 Å/s for Ti and 7 Å/s for Al at a deposition temperature of 100 °C gave the best FWHM value for Al (111) orientation on ST-X Quartz wafer. Space qualification tests were also successfully performed on Ti/Al metalized wafers under extreme environmental conditions. The results obtained in this work demonstrate the suitability of Ti as an under layer to grow preferred oriented Al film along (111) orientation and thus to be used in the fabrication of high-power SAW devices for space applications.
{"title":"Growth and Characterization of Al (111) Thin Film on Piezoelectric Wafers for SAW Device Fabrication for Space Applications","authors":"Manish Kumar Sahu, Ajaya Kumar PS, Chiranjit Karmakar, Gunjan Rastogi, R. K. Kaneriya, R. B. Upadhyay","doi":"10.37256/nat.4120231624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37256/nat.4120231624","url":null,"abstract":"Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) filters provide precise frequency filtering in RF and IF range with a tiny footprint. Metallic thin films are the essence of such modern SAW filter technology. However, SAW filters realized using NiCr/Al thin films are limited to power levels of ~5 dBm at RF frequencies. This limitation on power level is due to the acousto-migration phenomenon in thin films at higher power levels. In order to enhance the power durability of SAW filters, the preferred oriented growth of Al along (111) crystallographic direction is one of the methods to reduce acousto-migration. This paper explores the growth and characterization of different metallization schemes (NiCr/Al & Ti/Al) on different piezoelectric wafers to achieve oriented Al (111) film growth. Metallic thin films were deposited using electron beam evaporation technique. High Resolution X-Ray Diffraction (HR-XRD) and Four Point Probe Method were used for crystallographic characterization and Sheet Resistance (SR) measurement, respectively. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and surface profiler were used to characterize the surface morphology of the deposited films. FWHM of 4.12 degree of rocking curve on Al (111) peak has been achieved for Ti/Al metal film deposited on ST-X Quartz piezoelectric wafer along with low sheet resistance of 124 mΩ/sq. A deposition rate of 1 Å/s for Ti and 7 Å/s for Al at a deposition temperature of 100 °C gave the best FWHM value for Al (111) orientation on ST-X Quartz wafer. Space qualification tests were also successfully performed on Ti/Al metalized wafers under extreme environmental conditions. The results obtained in this work demonstrate the suitability of Ti as an under layer to grow preferred oriented Al film along (111) orientation and thus to be used in the fabrication of high-power SAW devices for space applications.","PeriodicalId":18798,"journal":{"name":"Nanoarchitectonics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75726252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：