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Methods to Increase the Contrast of the Image with Preserving the Visual Quality 在保持图像视觉质量的前提下提高图像对比度的方法
Pub Date : 2021-12-17 DOI: 10.23939/acps2021.02.140
Mykola Maksymiv, Taras Rak
Contrast enhancement is a technique for increasing the contrast of an image to obtain better image quality. As many existing contrast enhancement algorithms typically add too much contrast to an image, maintaining visual quality should be considered as a part of enhancing image contrast. This paper focuses on a contrast enhancement method that is based on histogram transformations to improve contrast and uses image quality assessment to automatically select the optimal target histogram. Improvements in contrast and preservation of visual quality are taken into account in the target histogram, so this method avoids the problem of excessive increase in contrast. In the proposed method, the optimal target histogram is the weighted sum of the original histogram, homogeneous histogram and Gaussian histogram. Structural and statistical metrics of “naturalness of the image” are used to determine the weights of the corresponding histograms. Contrast images are obtained by matching the optimal target histogram. Experiments show that the proposed method gives better results compared to other existing algorithms for increasing contrast based on the transformation of histograms.
对比度增强是一种提高图像对比度以获得更好图像质量的技术。由于现有的许多对比度增强算法通常会对图像添加过多的对比度,因此应将保持视觉质量视为增强图像对比度的一部分。本文重点研究了一种基于直方图变换来提高对比度的对比度增强方法,并利用图像质量评估来自动选择最优目标直方图。在目标直方图中考虑了对比度的提高和视觉质量的保持,因此该方法避免了对比度过度增加的问题。在该方法中,最优目标直方图是原始直方图、均匀直方图和高斯直方图的加权和。使用“图像的自然度”的结构和统计度量来确定相应直方图的权重。通过匹配最优目标直方图获得对比图像。实验表明,与现有的基于直方图变换的对比度增强算法相比,该方法取得了更好的效果。
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引用次数: 1
Detection of Stego Images with Adaptively Embedded Data by Component Analysis Methods 基于分量分析法的自适应嵌入数据的隐写图像检测
Pub Date : 2021-12-17 DOI: 10.23939/acps2021.02.146
D. Progonov
Ensuring the effective protection of personal and corporate sensitive data is topical task today. The special interest is taken at sensitive data leakage prevention during files transmission in communication systems. In most cases, these leakages are conducted by usage of advance adaptive steganographic methods. These methods are aimed at minimizing distortions of cover files, such as digital images, during data hiding that negatively impact on detection accuracy of formed stego images. For overcoming this shortcoming, it was proposed to pre-process (calibrate) analyzed images for increasing stego- to-cover ratio. The modern paradigm of image calibration is based on usage of enormous set of high-pass filters. However, selection of filter(s) that maximizes the probability of stego images detection is non-trivial task, especially in case of limited a prior knowledge about embedding methods. For solving this task, we proposed to use component analysis methods for image calibration, namely principal components analysis. Results of comparative analysis of novel maxSRMd2 cover rich model and proposed solution showed that principal component analysis allows increasing detection accuracy up to 1.5% even in the most difficult cases (low cover image payload and absence of cover- stego images pairs in training set).
确保个人和企业敏感数据的有效保护是当今的主题任务。本文对通信系统中文件传输过程中敏感数据的防止泄漏问题进行了研究。在大多数情况下,这些泄漏是通过使用先进的自适应隐写方法进行的。这些方法旨在最大限度地减少数据隐藏过程中覆盖文件(如数字图像)的失真,从而对形成的隐写图像的检测精度产生负面影响。为了克服这一缺点,提出了对分析后的图像进行预处理(校正),以提高隐盖比。现代图像校准范例是基于大量高通滤波器的使用。然而,选择能够最大化隐写图像检测概率的滤波器是一项艰巨的任务,特别是在对嵌入方法的先验知识有限的情况下。为了解决这一问题,我们提出了使用成分分析方法进行图像校准,即主成分分析。对maxSRMd2覆盖丰富模型和所提出的解决方案的对比分析结果表明,即使在最困难的情况下(低覆盖图像有效载荷和训练集中缺乏覆盖-隐去图像对),主成分分析也可以将检测精度提高1.5%。
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引用次数: 3
Image Searching System 图像检索系统
Pub Date : 2021-12-17 DOI: 10.23939/acps2021.02.161
Eduard Yakubchykt, I. Yurchak
Finding similar images on a visual sample is a difficult AI task, to solve which many works are devoted. The problem is to determine the essential properties of images of low and higher semantic level. Based on them, a vector of features is built, which will be used in the future to compare pairs of images. Each pair always includes an image from the collection and a sample image that the user is looking for. The result of the comparison is a quantity called the visual relativity of the images. Image properties are called features and are evaluated by calculation algorithms. Image features can be divided into low-level and high-level. Low-level features include basic colors, textures, shapes, significant elements of the whole image. These features are used as part of more complex recognition tasks. The main progress is in the definition of high-level features, which is associated with understanding the content of images. In this paper, research of modern algorithms is done for finding similar images in large multimedia databases. The main problems of determining high-level image features, algorithms of overcoming them and application of effective algorithms are described. The algorithms used to quickly determine the semantic content and improve the search accuracy of similar images are presented. The aim: The purpose of work is to conduct comparative analysis of modern image retrieval algorithms and retrieve its weakness and strength.
在视觉样本上找到相似的图像是一项困难的人工智能任务,许多工作都致力于解决这个问题。问题是确定低语义层次和高语义层次图像的基本属性。在此基础上,构建了一个特征向量,该特征向量将用于将来对图像的比较。每一对总是包含一个来自集合的图像和一个用户正在寻找的示例图像。比较的结果是一个称为图像视觉相对性的量。图像属性被称为特征,并通过计算算法进行评估。图像特征可分为低级和高级。低级特征包括基本颜色、纹理、形状和整个图像的重要元素。这些特征被用作更复杂的识别任务的一部分。主要的进展是高级特征的定义,这与理解图像的内容有关。本文对大型多媒体数据库中相似图像的现代检索算法进行了研究。介绍了确定高级图像特征的主要问题、克服这些问题的算法以及有效算法的应用。提出了快速确定语义内容和提高相似图像搜索精度的算法。目的:工作的目的是对现代图像检索算法进行比较分析,检索其优缺点。
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引用次数: 0
Investigation of Serverless Architecture 无服务器架构的研究
Pub Date : 2021-12-17 DOI: 10.23939/acps2021.02.134
Vladyslav Lakhai, Ruslan Bachynskyy
Serverless computing is a new and still evolving type of cloud computing, which brings a new approach to the development of information systems. The main idea of serverless is to give an approach of doing computing without dealing with a server to a user. Such approach allows to reduce the cost of the system building and system support. It allows small companies to concentrate on their own system designing instead of thinking about infrastructure building and supporting. Also, a big problem of providing the system security on high level is on cloud’s provider engineering support service. Serverless approach allows to start business quickly without huge initial investment. There is an attempt to completely analyze features, benefits and drawbacks of serverless approach, its use cases and main patterns of Serverless architecture. What is more, different providers have been analyzed.
无服务器计算是一种新的且仍在发展的云计算类型,它为信息系统的开发带来了一种新的方法。无服务器的主要思想是为用户提供一种无需处理服务器即可进行计算的方法。这种方法可以减少系统构建和系统支持的成本。它允许小公司专注于他们自己的系统设计,而不是考虑基础设施建设和支持。此外,在高层次上提供系统安全性的一个大问题是云提供商的工程支持服务。无服务器方法允许快速启动业务,而无需巨额初始投资。本文试图全面分析无服务器方法的特性、优点和缺点、用例和无服务器架构的主要模式。此外,还分析了不同的供应商。
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引用次数: 1
Assessing the Human Condition in Medical Cyber-Physical System Based on Microservices Architecture 基于微服务架构的医疗信息物理系统中人的状态评估
Pub Date : 2021-12-17 DOI: 10.23939/acps2021.02.112
B. Havano, M. Morozov
The goal of the work is to propose architectural and information model for assessing the human condition on the basis of microservice architecture in medical cyber-physical system, which, in contrast to the known models for assessing the human condition, can simultaneously provide scaling, fault tolerance and increase the speed of human condition assessment. The theoretical substantiation and the new decision of an actual scientific problem of development and research means of an estimation of a human condition in medical cyber-physical system have been considered. These means involve the parallel processing of data on vital signs of the human condition, organizing the means of information processing into separate independent logical elements — microservices, in comparison with other existing medical cyber-physical systems. An architectural model based on microservice architecture has been proposed.
本文的目标是提出基于微服务架构的医疗信息物理系统中人体状况评估的架构和信息模型,与已知的人体状况评估模型相比,该模型可以同时提供可扩展性、容错性和提高人体状况评估的速度。对医疗信息物理系统中人的病情评估的发展和研究手段的理论依据和一个实际科学问题的新决策进行了思考。与其他现有的医疗信息物理系统相比,这些手段涉及对人类生命体征数据的并行处理,将信息处理手段组织成独立的逻辑元素——微服务。提出了一种基于微服务架构的体系结构模型。
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引用次数: 0
Software Implementation of the Algorithm for Recognizing Protective Elements on The Face 人脸保护元素识别算法的软件实现
Pub Date : 2021-12-17 DOI: 10.23939/acps2021.02.155
Mykola Voloshyn, Yevhenii Vavruk
The quarantine restrictions introduced during COVID-19 are necessary to minimize the spread of coronavirus disease. These measures include a fixed number of people in the room, social distance, wearing protective equipment. These restrictions are achieved by the work of technological control workers and the police. However, people are not ideal creatures, quite often the human factor makes its adjustments. That is why in this work we have developed software for determining the protective elements on the face in real time using the Python scripting language, the open software libraries OpenCV v4.5.4, TensorFlow v2.6.0, Keras v2.6.0 and MobileNetV2 using the camera. The training program uses a prepared set of photos from KAGGLE — with a mask and without a mask. This set has been expanded by the authors to include different types of masks and their location. Using TensorFlow, Keras, MobileNetV2, a model is created to study the neural network by analyzing images. The generated neural network uses a model to determine the masks. You can preview the learning result of the network — it is presented as a graphic file. A program that uses the connected camera is then launched and the user can test the operation. This model can be easily deployed on embedded systems such as Raspberry Pi, Google Coral, and become a hardware and software automated system that can be used in crowded places — airports, shopping malls, stadiums, government agencies and more.
在COVID-19期间实施的隔离限制是必要的,以尽量减少冠状病毒疾病的传播。这些措施包括房间内固定人数、保持社交距离、穿戴防护装备等。这些限制是通过技术控制人员和警察的工作来实现的。然而,人并不是理想的生物,人的因素往往会做出调整。这就是为什么在这项工作中,我们使用Python脚本语言、开放软件库OpenCV v4.5.4、TensorFlow v2.6.0、Keras v2.6.0和使用相机的MobileNetV2开发了用于实时确定面部保护元素的软件。该培训项目使用了KAGGLE提供的一组准备好的照片——带面具和不带面具。这个集合已经被作者扩展到包括不同类型的面具和他们的位置。利用TensorFlow, Keras, MobileNetV2,通过对图像的分析,建立神经网络模型。生成的神经网络使用一个模型来确定掩码。您可以预览网络的学习结果-它以图形文件的形式呈现。然后启动一个使用连接摄像头的程序,用户可以测试操作。这种模式可以很容易地部署在嵌入式系统,如树莓派,谷歌珊瑚,并成为一个硬件和软件自动化系统,可以在拥挤的地方使用-机场,商场,体育场,政府机构等。
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引用次数: 0
Implementation of Smart Technologies in the Mine 智能技术在矿山中的应用
Pub Date : 2021-12-17 DOI: 10.23939/acps2021.02.098
Maksym Butov, Tetyana Pavych, Y. Paramud
The basic methods and principles of mine safety systems have been considered in the paper. The algorithm of one possible smart device (smart helmet) is depicted. This algorithm describes the basic principles of this device. The device allows to find danger in the environment where the miner works, as well as monitors the condition of the miner. It can also quickly analyze this information and report the danger when it is detected. The system has been developed and programmed including basic modules for implementing this algorithm. The results of the comparative analysis of the new system showed an increase in the level of safety by 45% compared to other systems.
本文研究了矿山安全系统的基本方法和原理。描述了一种可能的智能设备(智能头盔)的算法。该算法描述了该设备的基本原理。该设备可以在矿工工作的环境中发现危险,并监测矿工的状况。它还可以快速分析这些信息,并在检测到危险时报告危险。对系统进行了开发和编程,包括实现该算法的基本模块。新系统的对比分析结果表明,与其他系统相比,安全水平提高了45%。
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引用次数: 0
Recommendation System for Purchasing Goods Based on the Decision Tree Algorithm 基于决策树算法的商品采购推荐系统
Pub Date : 2021-12-17 DOI: 10.23939/acps2021.02.121
Y. Kohut, I. Yurchak
Over the past few years, interest in applications related to recommendation systems has increased significantly. Many modern services create recommendation systems that, based on user profile information and his behavior. This services determine which objects or products may be interesting to users. Recommendation systems are a modern tool for understanding customer needs. The main methods of constructing recommendation systems are the content-based filtering method and the collaborative filtering method. This article presents the implementation of these methods based on decision trees. The content-based filtering method is based on the description of the object and the customer’s preference profile. An object description is a finite set of its descriptors, such as keywords, binary descriptors, etc., and a preference profile is a weighted vector of object descriptors in which scales reflect the importance of each descriptor to the client and its contribution to the final decision. This model selects items that are similar to the customer’s favorite items before. The second model, which implements the method of collaborative filtering, is based on information about the history of behavior of all customers on the resource: data on their purchases, assessments of product quality, reviews, marked product. The model finds clients that are similar in behavior and the recommendation is based on their assessments of this element. Voting was used to combine the results issued by individual models — the best result is chosen from the results of two models of the ensemble. This approach minimizes the impact of randomness and averages the errors of each model. The aim: The purpose of work is to create real competitive recommendation system for short period of time and minimum costs.
在过去的几年里,人们对推荐系统相关应用的兴趣显著增加。许多现代服务创建了基于用户个人资料信息及其行为的推荐系统。该服务确定用户可能感兴趣的对象或产品。推荐系统是了解客户需求的现代工具。构建推荐系统的主要方法是基于内容的过滤方法和协同过滤方法。本文介绍了基于决策树的这些方法的实现。基于内容的过滤方法基于对象的描述和客户的偏好配置文件。对象描述是一个有限的描述符集合,如关键词、二进制描述符等,而偏好配置文件是对象描述符的加权向量,其中的尺度反映了每个描述符对客户的重要性及其对最终决策的贡献。这个模型选择与顾客以前喜欢的商品相似的商品。第二个模型实现了协同过滤的方法,它基于所有客户在资源上的行为历史信息:他们的购买数据、产品质量评估、评论、标记产品。该模型寻找行为相似的客户,并根据他们对该元素的评估提出建议。投票用于组合单个模型发布的结果-从集合的两个模型的结果中选择最佳结果。这种方法使随机性的影响最小化,并使每个模型的误差平均。目的:工作的目的是在短时间内以最小的成本创建真正具有竞争力的推荐系统。
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引用次数: 0
Computer System for Converting Gestures to Text and Audio Messages 将手势转换为文本和音频信息的计算机系统
Pub Date : 2021-12-17 DOI: 10.23939/acps2021.02.090
Dmytro Borovets, Tetyana Pavych, Y. Paramud
Today, there are quite a large number of deaf- mute and hard-of-hearing people which communicate using gestures. Therefore, it is simply necessary to provide them with modern means of communication with the surrounding world. This paper creates a holistic computer system architecture for converting gestures into text and audio messages. The principles of construction and basic design solutions of a computer system based on a modern element base with increased productivity and minimization of hardware costs and energy consumption have been developed. The most popular existing solutions for gesture recognition are considered and analyzed. The operation of the main components has been described, the principle of functioning of the entire system has been analyzed, and their advantages and disadvantages have been compared. The latest structural components for building a computer system (both physical and software) have been selected and investigated. Physical features include: the state-of-the-art Arduino Nano computing platform, the HC-05 Bluetooth module, the ADXL335 accelerometer, and the latest ZD10-100 Information sensor (flexibility sensor). Software features include: firmware for the Arduino Nano hardware platform, Python-based software for splitting the flow of letters into words, displaying them, and voicing them. The methods of Google Media Translation API and Google Text-to-speech (gTTS) have been analyzed. The expediency of conducting research has improved performance through the use of a new information sensor, which is a flexibility sensor ZD10-100 500 g. The general structural scheme of all systems has been designed.
今天,有相当多的聋哑人和重听人用手势交流。因此,很有必要为他们提供与周围世界沟通的现代手段。本文创建了一个完整的计算机系统架构,用于将手势转换为文本和音频信息。基于提高生产力和最小化硬件成本和能源消耗的现代元素基础的计算机系统的构造原则和基本设计解决方案已经开发出来。对现有最流行的手势识别解决方案进行了考虑和分析。阐述了主要部件的工作原理,分析了整个系统的工作原理,并对它们的优缺点进行了比较。选择并研究了用于构建计算机系统(物理和软件)的最新结构部件。物理特性包括:最先进的Arduino Nano计算平台,HC-05蓝牙模块,ADXL335加速度计,以及最新的ZD10-100信息传感器(柔性传感器)。软件功能包括:Arduino Nano硬件平台的固件,基于python的软件,用于将字母流拆分为单词,显示它们并发出声音。分析了谷歌媒体翻译API和谷歌文本转语音(gTTS)方法。通过使用一种新的信息传感器,即柔性传感器ZD10-100 500g,进行研究的方便性提高了性能。设计了各系统的总体结构方案。
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引用次数: 2
Methods of Vehicle Recognition and Detecting Traffic Rules Violations on Motion Picture Based on OpenCV Framework 基于OpenCV框架的运动图像车辆识别与违章检测方法
Pub Date : 2021-12-17 DOI: 10.23939/acps2021.02.105
Yevhen Fastiuk, Ruslan Bachynskyy, Nataliia Huzynets
In this era, people using vehicles is getting increased day by day. As pedestrians leading a dog for a walk, or hurrying to their workplace in the morning, we’ve all experienced unsafe, fast-moving vehicles operated by inattentive drivers that nearly mow us down. Many of us live in apartment complexes or housing neighborhoods where ignorant drivers disregard safety and zoom by, going way too fast. To plan, monitor and also control these vehicles is becoming a big challenge. In the article, we have come up with a solution to the above problem using the video surveillance considering the video data from the traffic cameras. Using computer vision and deep learning technology we will be able to recognize violations of rules. This article will describe modern CV and DL methods to recognize vehicle on the road and traffic violations of rules by them. Implementation of methods can be done using OpenCV Python as a tool. Our proposed solution can recognize vehicles, track their speed and help in counting the objects precisely.
在这个时代,使用交通工具的人数日益增加。当行人牵着狗去散步,或者早上匆匆赶往工作地点时,我们都经历过不安全、快速行驶的车辆,这些车辆是由粗心的司机驾驶的,几乎把我们撞倒。我们中的许多人都住在公寓楼或住宅区,那里无知的司机无视安全,超速行驶。规划、监控和控制这些车辆正成为一项巨大的挑战。在本文中,我们结合交通摄像机的视频数据,提出了一种利用视频监控来解决上述问题的方法。使用计算机视觉和深度学习技术,我们将能够识别违反规则的行为。本文将介绍现代的CV和DL方法来识别道路上的车辆及其交通违章行为。方法的实现可以使用OpenCV Python作为工具来完成。我们提出的解决方案可以识别车辆,跟踪其速度并帮助精确计数物体。
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引用次数: 2
期刊
Advances in Cyber-Physical Systems
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