Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.5455/njppp.2023.13.05283202301062023
Ratna Agrawal, K. Bhardwaj, Sahina Hassan, P. Kurrey
Background: Using various substances by medical students is very common nowadays. Owing to the new curriculum and environment with teenage curiosity in the absence of proper guidance and counseling leads to stress in medical students, which results in substance abuse as a cope-up strategy. Moreover, the same may further lead to many personal and socio-legal issues leading to poor academic performance by the students. Aims and Objectives: The primary objective was to evaluate the various kinds of substances abused by different years of MBBS students. The secondary objective was to find out the reasons behind substance abuse among the students and their attitude toward its future use. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study has been conducted on 199 undergraduate students after taking informed consent from them. A questionnaire in Google Forms has been sent to them after explaining the purpose of the study. Results obtained have been analyzed and presented in counts and percentages. The Institutional Ethics Committee approval has been taken before the commencement of the study. Results: The prevalence of substance abuse among MBBS students was 53.5% with male predominance. The most commonly abused substance was alcohol (43.4%), followed by tobacco products (31.3%). 47.5% of substance abusers want to quit drugs in the future, while the rest may or may not quit using the substance despite knowing its harmful effects. Conclusion: The results of the study may contribute policymakers to look into the problem and take necessary steps regarding the prevention of substance abuse.
{"title":"Substance abuse: A survey among medical students of tribal area of Chhattisgarh – A cross-sectional study","authors":"Ratna Agrawal, K. Bhardwaj, Sahina Hassan, P. Kurrey","doi":"10.5455/njppp.2023.13.05283202301062023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/njppp.2023.13.05283202301062023","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Using various substances by medical students is very common nowadays. Owing to the new curriculum and environment with teenage curiosity in the absence of proper guidance and counseling leads to stress in medical students, which results in substance abuse as a cope-up strategy. Moreover, the same may further lead to many personal and socio-legal issues leading to poor academic performance by the students. Aims and Objectives: The primary objective was to evaluate the various kinds of substances abused by different years of MBBS students. The secondary objective was to find out the reasons behind substance abuse among the students and their attitude toward its future use. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study has been conducted on 199 undergraduate students after taking informed consent from them. A questionnaire in Google Forms has been sent to them after explaining the purpose of the study. Results obtained have been analyzed and presented in counts and percentages. The Institutional Ethics Committee approval has been taken before the commencement of the study. Results: The prevalence of substance abuse among MBBS students was 53.5% with male predominance. The most commonly abused substance was alcohol (43.4%), followed by tobacco products (31.3%). 47.5% of substance abusers want to quit drugs in the future, while the rest may or may not quit using the substance despite knowing its harmful effects. Conclusion: The results of the study may contribute policymakers to look into the problem and take necessary steps regarding the prevention of substance abuse.","PeriodicalId":18969,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74038833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.5455/njppp.2023.13.04183202305062023
M. S, K. S, Hemanth H
Background: Antibiotics are probably one of the most successful forms of chemotherapy in the history of medicine. Their use has significantly reduced the mortality and morbidity associated with infectious disease. The irrational and overuse of antibiotics clearly drive the evolution of resistance. Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that a direct relationship between antibiotic consumption and the emergence and dissemination of resistant bacteria strains leads to increased mortality. Aims and Objective: The aims and objectives of the study are to evaluate knowledge, attitude, and practice toward antibiotic use and its resistance. Materials and Methods: After getting approval of the Ethics Committee of Mysore Medical College and Research Institute, Mysore, and obtaining written informed consent from 2nd-year medical undergraduates studying in Mysore Medical College and Research Institute, a self-administered, structured, and pre-tested questionnaire was used. The questionnaire was adopted from previously conducted similar studies and modified to fit with the current setup. Results: 64% of the students agree that antibiotics are inappropriate for use in viral infections, 58.4% of the participants disagreed on the safety of antibiotic usage, while 67.8% marked a negative response, when asked if they share the antibiotics with family members. Conclusion: More emphasis should be given on topic-like antibiotic usage and its resistance during UG teaching program, which goes a long way and help in reduction of antibacterial resistance development.
{"title":"Knowledge, attitude, and practice toward antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance among 2nd-year medical students: A cross-sectional study","authors":"M. S, K. S, Hemanth H","doi":"10.5455/njppp.2023.13.04183202305062023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/njppp.2023.13.04183202305062023","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Antibiotics are probably one of the most successful forms of chemotherapy in the history of medicine. Their use has significantly reduced the mortality and morbidity associated with infectious disease. The irrational and overuse of antibiotics clearly drive the evolution of resistance. Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that a direct relationship between antibiotic consumption and the emergence and dissemination of resistant bacteria strains leads to increased mortality. Aims and Objective: The aims and objectives of the study are to evaluate knowledge, attitude, and practice toward antibiotic use and its resistance. Materials and Methods: After getting approval of the Ethics Committee of Mysore Medical College and Research Institute, Mysore, and obtaining written informed consent from 2nd-year medical undergraduates studying in Mysore Medical College and Research Institute, a self-administered, structured, and pre-tested questionnaire was used. The questionnaire was adopted from previously conducted similar studies and modified to fit with the current setup. Results: 64% of the students agree that antibiotics are inappropriate for use in viral infections, 58.4% of the participants disagreed on the safety of antibiotic usage, while 67.8% marked a negative response, when asked if they share the antibiotics with family members. Conclusion: More emphasis should be given on topic-like antibiotic usage and its resistance during UG teaching program, which goes a long way and help in reduction of antibacterial resistance development.","PeriodicalId":18969,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78232748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: In India, the second wave of COVID-19 had serious implications, including an increase in case load, a reduction in key treatment supplies, and an increase in death, particularly among the younger generation. Medical students were also plagued by this scenario, which included assignment in COVID wards and involvement in COVID patient treatment. We wanted to know how the second wave of COVID affected these medical students psychologically. For medical students, the COVID-19 epidemic has created a frustrating dichotomy. This virus not only has an impact on people’s physical health, but also mental health. According to the existing per-pandemic evidence, medical students’ health is worse than the general population. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to study the psychological impact of COVID-19’s second wave on medical students. Materials and Methods: An online survey of depression, anxiety, and stress scale-21 (DASS-21) was conducted among the medical students of North India. Their sociodemographic information was collected, comparison of postgraduate and undergraduate DASS-21 scores was done, different component led DASS-21 scores were assessed in overall study population, students were also asked to report their timings in hospital and challenges during hospital hours. The statistical scores for the responses were calculated and other demographic parameters were compared. Appropriate statistical analysis of the collected data was done (IBM SPSS version 20.). Results: A total of 538 responses were gathered from all undergraduate and postgraduate students; out of which 47.6% were undergraduate students and 52.4% were postgraduate students working in different medical colleges of North India. We categorized the psychological stress in five categories: Normal, mild, moderate, severe, and extremely severe. To our surprise, we found that many students were suffering from extremely severe stress; among which 38.8% had depression, 56.7% had anxiety, and 28.9% had stress. We also categorized the students in undergraduate and postgraduate groups and found that the maximum psychological impact was among postgraduate students as compared to undergraduate students. In postgraduates, extremely severe depression, anxiety, and stress scores were 46.8%, 72.3%, and 43.3%, respectively, around 43% of postgraduate students were suffering from either depression, stress, or anxiety. We also found that females were more stressed and had greater scores than males. Conclusion: During second wave of the pandemic, students’ mental health was affected much more than we think. Thus, it needs to be continuously monitored as this will not only affect their working in wards and hospitals but will also impact their studies and future life.
背景:在印度，第二波COVID-19疫情产生了严重影响，包括病例量增加，关键治疗供应减少，死亡人数增加，特别是在年轻一代中。医学生也被这种情况所困扰，包括在COVID病房分配任务和参与COVID患者治疗。我们想知道第二波新冠疫情对这些医学生的心理影响。对于医学生来说，COVID-19疫情造成了令人沮丧的二分法。这种病毒不仅影响人们的身体健康，也影响人们的心理健康。根据现有的每次大流行的证据，医学生的健康状况比一般人群更差。目的和目的:研究新冠肺炎第二波疫情对医学生的心理影响。材料与方法:对北印度医科学生进行抑郁、焦虑和压力量表21 (DASS-21)在线调查。收集他们的社会人口学信息，比较研究生和本科生的DASS-21分数，评估总体研究人群中不同成分的DASS-21分数，并要求学生报告他们住院的时间和住院时间的挑战。计算回答的统计得分，并比较其他人口统计学参数。对收集到的数据进行适当的统计分析(IBM SPSS version 20)。结果:共收集到本科生和研究生538份问卷;其中47.6%为本科生，52.4%为在印度北部不同医学院工作的研究生。我们将心理压力分为五类:正常、轻度、中度、严重和极度严重。令我们惊讶的是，我们发现许多学生正遭受着极其严重的压力;其中38.8%的人有抑郁，56.7%的人有焦虑，28.9%的人有压力。我们还对本科生和研究生群体进行了分类，发现与本科生相比，研究生群体的心理影响最大。在研究生中，极度严重的抑郁、焦虑和压力得分分别为46.8%、72.3%和43.3%，约43%的研究生患有抑郁、压力或焦虑。我们还发现，女性的压力更大，得分也比男性高。结论:在第二波疫情中，学生心理健康受到的影响比我们想象的要大得多。因此，需要持续监测，因为这不仅会影响他们在病房和医院的工作，而且会影响他们的学习和未来的生活。
{"title":"The psychological impact of COVID-19 on North Indian medical students: A cross-sectional and observational study","authors":"Aditya Jain, Utkarsha A. Singh, Shikha Jhamb, Ashish Kavia, Ramita Bansal","doi":"10.5455/njppp.2023.13.03157202303052023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/njppp.2023.13.03157202303052023","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In India, the second wave of COVID-19 had serious implications, including an increase in case load, a reduction in key treatment supplies, and an increase in death, particularly among the younger generation. Medical students were also plagued by this scenario, which included assignment in COVID wards and involvement in COVID patient treatment. We wanted to know how the second wave of COVID affected these medical students psychologically. For medical students, the COVID-19 epidemic has created a frustrating dichotomy. This virus not only has an impact on people’s physical health, but also mental health. According to the existing per-pandemic evidence, medical students’ health is worse than the general population. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to study the psychological impact of COVID-19’s second wave on medical students. Materials and Methods: An online survey of depression, anxiety, and stress scale-21 (DASS-21) was conducted among the medical students of North India. Their sociodemographic information was collected, comparison of postgraduate and undergraduate DASS-21 scores was done, different component led DASS-21 scores were assessed in overall study population, students were also asked to report their timings in hospital and challenges during hospital hours. The statistical scores for the responses were calculated and other demographic parameters were compared. Appropriate statistical analysis of the collected data was done (IBM SPSS version 20.). Results: A total of 538 responses were gathered from all undergraduate and postgraduate students; out of which 47.6% were undergraduate students and 52.4% were postgraduate students working in different medical colleges of North India. We categorized the psychological stress in five categories: Normal, mild, moderate, severe, and extremely severe. To our surprise, we found that many students were suffering from extremely severe stress; among which 38.8% had depression, 56.7% had anxiety, and 28.9% had stress. We also categorized the students in undergraduate and postgraduate groups and found that the maximum psychological impact was among postgraduate students as compared to undergraduate students. In postgraduates, extremely severe depression, anxiety, and stress scores were 46.8%, 72.3%, and 43.3%, respectively, around 43% of postgraduate students were suffering from either depression, stress, or anxiety. We also found that females were more stressed and had greater scores than males. Conclusion: During second wave of the pandemic, students’ mental health was affected much more than we think. Thus, it needs to be continuously monitored as this will not only affect their working in wards and hospitals but will also impact their studies and future life.","PeriodicalId":18969,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73911247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5455/njppp.2023.13.02091202315032023
Arjun Swaminathan, Vijayakumar E, Nikhithaa P
Background: In recent times, dietary supplements have started playing a very critical role in overcoming the micronutrient deficiencies in a person. The health and well-being of medical practitioners itself are also important for them to efficiently carry out their practice. Moreover, their knowledge, attitude and practices influence their prescribing and treating tendencies. This study will demonstrate how the science of dietary supplements has advanced in relation to a number of nutrients, such as Vitamin A, iron, calcium, and folic acid. The health-care practitioners knowledge, attitude, and practices influence their prescribing and treating tendencies. Aims and Objectives: This study is done to assess and contrast the Knowledge, Attitude and Practices Related to Dietary Supplements and Micronutrients in Medical Students and Interns of a Tertiary Care Hospital. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study conducted at a ESIC Medical College, KK Nagar, Chennai, which included 2nd year students and interns. A questionnaire containing questions that test theoretical knowledge of micronutrients, and assesses personal supplementation habits was prepared. All students within the sample were mailed the questionnaire and consent was sought electronically. Those not willing to give consent were excluded from the study. The responses of the questionnaire were linked to an Excel sheet and analyzed using Microsoft Access. During this process, utmost confidentiality of the information was maintained. Results: A total of 140 participants responded, with 82 of them undergoing phase 2 medical training and 58 of them undergoing internship. On the dietary front, 12.2% of 2nd year students as compared to 15.5% of CRMI students were vegetarian. About 34.1% of 2nd year students and 41.4% of CRMIs consumed nutrient supplements. About 14.7% of 2nd years and 10.3% of CRMIs consumed supplements daily. About 67.8% of 2nd year students and 54.1% of interns consumed dietary supplements after medical advice. Concerningly, 15.5% of all medical interns and 9.8% of all 2nd-year students self-prescribed health supplements. Most interns (54.1%) who consumed supplements did so to maintain adequate nutrition. Concerningly 42.8% of 2nd year students and 33.3% of interns consumed supplements to maintain good health. Vitamins either singly, or as multivitamin tablets were the most consumed supplements amongst both sections of the study group. Concerningly 48.8% of 2nd year students and 58.6% of interns felt that supplements are generally harmless; and around a third of both groups felt that health personnel should promote supplement use. Conclusion: Knowledge regarding micronutrient usage among medical students is good; however, there is scope for improvement, particularly in the area of micronutrient-related prevalent diseases. Both 2nd year students and CRMIs consumed nutrient supplements in lesser quantity and frequency than other health science stud
{"title":"Assessing and contrasting the knowledge, attitude, and practices related to dietary supplements and micronutrients in medical students and interns of a tertiary care hospital","authors":"Arjun Swaminathan, Vijayakumar E, Nikhithaa P","doi":"10.5455/njppp.2023.13.02091202315032023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/njppp.2023.13.02091202315032023","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In recent times, dietary supplements have started playing a very critical role in overcoming the micronutrient deficiencies in a person. The health and well-being of medical practitioners itself are also important for them to efficiently carry out their practice. Moreover, their knowledge, attitude and practices influence their prescribing and treating tendencies. This study will demonstrate how the science of dietary supplements has advanced in relation to a number of nutrients, such as Vitamin A, iron, calcium, and folic acid. The health-care practitioners knowledge, attitude, and practices influence their prescribing and treating tendencies. Aims and Objectives: This study is done to assess and contrast the Knowledge, Attitude and Practices Related to Dietary Supplements and Micronutrients in Medical Students and Interns of a Tertiary Care Hospital. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study conducted at a ESIC Medical College, KK Nagar, Chennai, which included 2nd year students and interns. A questionnaire containing questions that test theoretical knowledge of micronutrients, and assesses personal supplementation habits was prepared. All students within the sample were mailed the questionnaire and consent was sought electronically. Those not willing to give consent were excluded from the study. The responses of the questionnaire were linked to an Excel sheet and analyzed using Microsoft Access. During this process, utmost confidentiality of the information was maintained. Results: A total of 140 participants responded, with 82 of them undergoing phase 2 medical training and 58 of them undergoing internship. On the dietary front, 12.2% of 2nd year students as compared to 15.5% of CRMI students were vegetarian. About 34.1% of 2nd year students and 41.4% of CRMIs consumed nutrient supplements. About 14.7% of 2nd years and 10.3% of CRMIs consumed supplements daily. About 67.8% of 2nd year students and 54.1% of interns consumed dietary supplements after medical advice. Concerningly, 15.5% of all medical interns and 9.8% of all 2nd-year students self-prescribed health supplements. Most interns (54.1%) who consumed supplements did so to maintain adequate nutrition. Concerningly 42.8% of 2nd year students and 33.3% of interns consumed supplements to maintain good health. Vitamins either singly, or as multivitamin tablets were the most consumed supplements amongst both sections of the study group. Concerningly 48.8% of 2nd year students and 58.6% of interns felt that supplements are generally harmless; and around a third of both groups felt that health personnel should promote supplement use. Conclusion: Knowledge regarding micronutrient usage among medical students is good; however, there is scope for improvement, particularly in the area of micronutrient-related prevalent diseases. Both 2nd year students and CRMIs consumed nutrient supplements in lesser quantity and frequency than other health science stud","PeriodicalId":18969,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74140045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5455/njppp.2023.13.06280202207032023
S. Rawat, Komal Makwana, R. Pathak, Niraj Rathod
Background: Four sensory modalities of learning styles have been defined: Visual (V), auditory (A), read-write (R), and kinesthetic-(K) (acronym VARK). Any learner can be unimodal (i.e., using only one learning style) or may have more modalities mixed. Irrespective of strength (mild/strong), as many as 17 sets of VARK permutation combinations can be there. Aims and Objectives: The aims of this study were to identify and analyze the learning styles of Indian medical undergraduates and analyze an association with gender or year of professional course, if any. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted. Permission to use standardized VARK questionnaire (version 8.1) from the author, ethical approval from the institution, and informed consent from the volunteering students were obtained. The questionnaire consisted of 16 questions. To leave, a question unanswered or to tick multiple choices for any one question was allowed. Total 376 students (of 1st, 2nd, and 3rd phase MBBS) participated. Results: (1). Unimodal style of leaning was the commonest (2). Compared to VARK1, VARK2 was the more preferred (3). A gradual increase in opting multi-modal learning style was observed as students pass to successive higher phases. (4). Gender did not alter the unimodal or mutlimodal learning preference significantly. (5). VARK1 was more preferred in male students, while VARK2 was more preferred in female students. Conclusion: Most of the students used unimodal style for leaning – though the preference proportion for unimodal learning decreased on successive passage to higher Phases. VARK2 was preferred over VARK1 among tetramodal learners.
{"title":"Identification of preferred learning styles as per VARK model in the undergraduate medical students","authors":"S. Rawat, Komal Makwana, R. Pathak, Niraj Rathod","doi":"10.5455/njppp.2023.13.06280202207032023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/njppp.2023.13.06280202207032023","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Four sensory modalities of learning styles have been defined: Visual (V), auditory (A), read-write (R), and kinesthetic-(K) (acronym VARK). Any learner can be unimodal (i.e., using only one learning style) or may have more modalities mixed. Irrespective of strength (mild/strong), as many as 17 sets of VARK permutation combinations can be there. Aims and Objectives: The aims of this study were to identify and analyze the learning styles of Indian medical undergraduates and analyze an association with gender or year of professional course, if any. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted. Permission to use standardized VARK questionnaire (version 8.1) from the author, ethical approval from the institution, and informed consent from the volunteering students were obtained. The questionnaire consisted of 16 questions. To leave, a question unanswered or to tick multiple choices for any one question was allowed. Total 376 students (of 1st, 2nd, and 3rd phase MBBS) participated. Results: (1). Unimodal style of leaning was the commonest (2). Compared to VARK1, VARK2 was the more preferred (3). A gradual increase in opting multi-modal learning style was observed as students pass to successive higher phases. (4). Gender did not alter the unimodal or mutlimodal learning preference significantly. (5). VARK1 was more preferred in male students, while VARK2 was more preferred in female students. Conclusion: Most of the students used unimodal style for leaning – though the preference proportion for unimodal learning decreased on successive passage to higher Phases. VARK2 was preferred over VARK1 among tetramodal learners.","PeriodicalId":18969,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72969691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5455/njppp.2023.13.04174202308042023
Nivetha Chinnasamy, M. Adhimoolam
{"title":"Knowledge, attitude, and practice and acceptability toward COVID-19 vaccination among semi-urban population in Puducherry","authors":"Nivetha Chinnasamy, M. Adhimoolam","doi":"10.5455/njppp.2023.13.04174202308042023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/njppp.2023.13.04174202308042023","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p />","PeriodicalId":18969,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":"320 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73188393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5455/njppp.2023.13.11571202225122022
Vijaya Lakshmi
Background: COVID-19 pandemic has affected the life of all individuals including medical undergraduate students, both physically as well as mentally. Handgrip muscle strength is the maximum force developed during maximal voluntary contraction under a given set of conditions using a handgrip dynamometer. Various studies have concluded that muscle strength can be a predictor of depressive symptoms among the elderly population. Not much attention has been given to assess similar correlation in younger generation. Aim and Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the correlation of maximal hand grip strength with depression among young population especially medical undergraduates during COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted on 50 medical students in 18–24 years age group (25 male and 25 female) in North India. The grip strength of dominant as well as non-dominant hand was measured thrice at an interval of 1 min, and highest reading recorded was considered to be the maximum hand grip strength for each student. Depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms were assessed using DASS 21scale. Results: Data were analyzed on Microsoft excel. It was noted that handgrip strength in both male and female students were decreased. Overall students were having symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress. Conclusion: The present study suggests that there should be awareness of and sensitivity to student’s mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. Handgrip strength can be a reliable method of identifying stressed individuals and is a safe, cheap, time economical, and easy to perform method for a large number of participants.
{"title":"Association of handgrip strength and depression in medical undergraduate students during COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"Vijaya Lakshmi","doi":"10.5455/njppp.2023.13.11571202225122022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/njppp.2023.13.11571202225122022","url":null,"abstract":"Background: COVID-19 pandemic has affected the life of all individuals including medical undergraduate students, both physically as well as mentally. Handgrip muscle strength is the maximum force developed during maximal voluntary contraction under a given set of conditions using a handgrip dynamometer. Various studies have concluded that muscle strength can be a predictor of depressive symptoms among the elderly population. Not much attention has been given to assess similar correlation in younger generation. Aim and Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the correlation of maximal hand grip strength with depression among young population especially medical undergraduates during COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted on 50 medical students in 18–24 years age group (25 male and 25 female) in North India. The grip strength of dominant as well as non-dominant hand was measured thrice at an interval of 1 min, and highest reading recorded was considered to be the maximum hand grip strength for each student. Depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms were assessed using DASS 21scale. Results: Data were analyzed on Microsoft excel. It was noted that handgrip strength in both male and female students were decreased. Overall students were having symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress. Conclusion: The present study suggests that there should be awareness of and sensitivity to student’s mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. Handgrip strength can be a reliable method of identifying stressed individuals and is a safe, cheap, time economical, and easy to perform method for a large number of participants.","PeriodicalId":18969,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74254997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5455/njppp.2023.13.04228202315052023
Dravya Mehta, Heetkumar Patel, Pushti V. Vachhani, Nishant R. Bhimani
Background: In a developing fetus during the stages of embryogenesis, various congenital malformations tend to occur, among which neural tube defects (NTDs) are one of the more serious conditions. They result due to the failure of the closure of the neural tube along its length, which may lead to cranial or spinal defects. This may present with the wastage of the pregnancy as a stillbirth or, in cases of live birth, with serious complications and associated disabilities such as varying degrees of paralysis, neurogenic bladder, and incontinence of urine and stools and hydrocephalus. Numerous risk factors have been linked with the occurrence of NTDs such as genetic susceptibility, low socioeconomic status, exposure to teratogens such as methotrexate, trimethoprim, aminopterin, and valproate and other antiepileptic drugs during pregnancy, deficiency of vitamins like folate and B12 in females and the risk of recurrence of NTDs in future pregnancies to a female with a past pregnancy having NTD. Aims and Objectives: The present study aims to determine the prevalence and types of NTDs among newborns and to study associated anomalies among them with NTDs. Materials and Methods: General Hospital Palanpur, a tertiary care hospital connected with Banas Medical College and Research Institute, Palanpur, was the site of the study. In the current study, the total number of births was recorded during a 3-year period from 2019 to 2021, and total NTDs data were gathered and analyzed to determine the prevalence of NTDs at the hospital, as well as the various types and related abnormalities. Results: The total number of deliveries in the span of 2019–2021 was 3437 of which 21 cases of NTDs were noted. Out of 21, twelve were male and nine were female, which makes it 57.14% male preponderance compared to females. Moreover, the prevalence of NTDs comes out to be 6.1/1000 births in the span of 3 years. Furthermore, this study suggested that among the NTDs, 61.90% were meningomyelocele which makes it more prevalent than encephalocele and spina bifida. It is also seen that NTDs were more common in multigravida females with gravida <3 and gravida ≥3 (28.57% and 47.61%, respectively) and in multipara females with parity <3 and ≥3 (80.95% and 19.04%, respectively). Conclusion: The prevalence of NTDs is not uncommon in our sector, which needs to be addressed by periconceptional folic acid supplementation for all women of childbearing age.
{"title":"A study on the magnitude of neural tube defects among newborns delivered at a tertiary care hospital","authors":"Dravya Mehta, Heetkumar Patel, Pushti V. Vachhani, Nishant R. Bhimani","doi":"10.5455/njppp.2023.13.04228202315052023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/njppp.2023.13.04228202315052023","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In a developing fetus during the stages of embryogenesis, various congenital malformations tend to occur, among which neural tube defects (NTDs) are one of the more serious conditions. They result due to the failure of the closure of the neural tube along its length, which may lead to cranial or spinal defects. This may present with the wastage of the pregnancy as a stillbirth or, in cases of live birth, with serious complications and associated disabilities such as varying degrees of paralysis, neurogenic bladder, and incontinence of urine and stools and hydrocephalus. Numerous risk factors have been linked with the occurrence of NTDs such as genetic susceptibility, low socioeconomic status, exposure to teratogens such as methotrexate, trimethoprim, aminopterin, and valproate and other antiepileptic drugs during pregnancy, deficiency of vitamins like folate and B12 in females and the risk of recurrence of NTDs in future pregnancies to a female with a past pregnancy having NTD. Aims and Objectives: The present study aims to determine the prevalence and types of NTDs among newborns and to study associated anomalies among them with NTDs. Materials and Methods: General Hospital Palanpur, a tertiary care hospital connected with Banas Medical College and Research Institute, Palanpur, was the site of the study. In the current study, the total number of births was recorded during a 3-year period from 2019 to 2021, and total NTDs data were gathered and analyzed to determine the prevalence of NTDs at the hospital, as well as the various types and related abnormalities. Results: The total number of deliveries in the span of 2019–2021 was 3437 of which 21 cases of NTDs were noted. Out of 21, twelve were male and nine were female, which makes it 57.14% male preponderance compared to females. Moreover, the prevalence of NTDs comes out to be 6.1/1000 births in the span of 3 years. Furthermore, this study suggested that among the NTDs, 61.90% were meningomyelocele which makes it more prevalent than encephalocele and spina bifida. It is also seen that NTDs were more common in multigravida females with gravida <3 and gravida ≥3 (28.57% and 47.61%, respectively) and in multipara females with parity <3 and ≥3 (80.95% and 19.04%, respectively). Conclusion: The prevalence of NTDs is not uncommon in our sector, which needs to be addressed by periconceptional folic acid supplementation for all women of childbearing age.","PeriodicalId":18969,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78248216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5455/njppp.2023.13.04175202308042023
N. Puri, S. Gill, B. Brar
Background: Melasma comprises a major group in all dermatology clinics causing cosmetic disfigurement. Usually, it has a predilection for females but can affect both sexes. Dermoscopy is a non-invasive imaging modality that can help to visualize skin structures not visible to unaided eye. Aim and Objectives: The aim of the study was to determine clinical as well as dermoscopic findings of melasma after evaluating them based on clinical examination and to correlate each clinical picture with dermoscopic findings. Materials and Methods: Various male patients of melasma from January 2020 to June 2021 are enrolled from outpatient department. Detailed history is taken. Dermoscopic examination and photographic documentation of clinical as well as dermoscopic picture are done and findings are noted. Results: We enrolled 50 patients in the study. Mean age of melasma in men in our study was 29.28 years. The most common precipitating factor was sun exposure (52%) followed by the use of mustard oil (34%) and over the counter creams 18%. Positive family history was reported in 25% of patients. 29 patients on clinical examination along with wood’s lamp showed epidermal pattern, 13 patients showed mixed pattern, and 8 patients had dermal pattern. On dermoscopy, melasma showed almost similar findings in epidermal, dermal, as well as mixed melasma-perifollicular sparing was seen in all patients, granular pattern in 42 patients, globular pattern in 48 patients, Blotches in 47 patients, telangiectasias in 30 patients, arcuate pattern in 32 patients, and annular in 12 patients. Conclusion: The frequency of findings was similar in all three types except for arcuate and annular pattern which were more in dermal type of melasma.
{"title":"A clinico-dermoscopic study of melasma in men in a tertiary care center in North India","authors":"N. Puri, S. Gill, B. Brar","doi":"10.5455/njppp.2023.13.04175202308042023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/njppp.2023.13.04175202308042023","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Melasma comprises a major group in all dermatology clinics causing cosmetic disfigurement. Usually, it has a predilection for females but can affect both sexes. Dermoscopy is a non-invasive imaging modality that can help to visualize skin structures not visible to unaided eye. Aim and Objectives: The aim of the study was to determine clinical as well as dermoscopic findings of melasma after evaluating them based on clinical examination and to correlate each clinical picture with dermoscopic findings. Materials and Methods: Various male patients of melasma from January 2020 to June 2021 are enrolled from outpatient department. Detailed history is taken. Dermoscopic examination and photographic documentation of clinical as well as dermoscopic picture are done and findings are noted. Results: We enrolled 50 patients in the study. Mean age of melasma in men in our study was 29.28 years. The most common precipitating factor was sun exposure (52%) followed by the use of mustard oil (34%) and over the counter creams 18%. Positive family history was reported in 25% of patients. 29 patients on clinical examination along with wood’s lamp showed epidermal pattern, 13 patients showed mixed pattern, and 8 patients had dermal pattern. On dermoscopy, melasma showed almost similar findings in epidermal, dermal, as well as mixed melasma-perifollicular sparing was seen in all patients, granular pattern in 42 patients, globular pattern in 48 patients, Blotches in 47 patients, telangiectasias in 30 patients, arcuate pattern in 32 patients, and annular in 12 patients. Conclusion: The frequency of findings was similar in all three types except for arcuate and annular pattern which were more in dermal type of melasma.","PeriodicalId":18969,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":"4604 3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78399883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5455/njppp.2023.13.01023202318012023
Smruthi Valambath, Leena Hiremath
Background: In the early 2020, COVID was declared as a pandemic and then on all the educational institutions were forced to close down for regular classes. Almost all the previous studies were done comparing different groups of students or different academic year. However, our study was done on the same set of students and in the same academic year itself with the same teaching faculty, where students underwent 8 months of online classes followed by 2 months of classroom teaching. Aims and Objectives: This study was done to know the effectiveness of e-classes in comparison to conventional classroom teaching among professional students in north Kerala in terms of gaining knowledge, balance between the practical and theoretical experiences, and availability of e-resources. Materials and Methods: One thousand medical college students from three different medical colleges in north Kerala voluntarily participated in the study which was on an online questionnaire-based survey. The questionnaire was self-made and based on Likert five point scale. Results: The study included both boys and girls. In most of the fields such as effective communication, interaction, effective teaching methodology, and understanding the topic and providing feedback, students found classroom learning much better than online learning only advantage of online learning that they found was the convenience as it could be taken from home without having to travel and without facing the hostel-related adjustment issues. Conclusion: To make online methods more acceptable, we will have to bring in various changes and modifications in our way of teaching. More animations and smaller groups may be needed. Individual attention will be possible with smaller groups per class and feedbacks can be taken with ease. With these changes in teaching methods, online mode can be made more effective in reaching to students and making it acceptable by them.
{"title":"One year into online classes, a comparison with conventional classroom teaching – A survey in North Kerala","authors":"Smruthi Valambath, Leena Hiremath","doi":"10.5455/njppp.2023.13.01023202318012023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/njppp.2023.13.01023202318012023","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In the early 2020, COVID was declared as a pandemic and then on all the educational institutions were forced to close down for regular classes. Almost all the previous studies were done comparing different groups of students or different academic year. However, our study was done on the same set of students and in the same academic year itself with the same teaching faculty, where students underwent 8 months of online classes followed by 2 months of classroom teaching. Aims and Objectives: This study was done to know the effectiveness of e-classes in comparison to conventional classroom teaching among professional students in north Kerala in terms of gaining knowledge, balance between the practical and theoretical experiences, and availability of e-resources. Materials and Methods: One thousand medical college students from three different medical colleges in north Kerala voluntarily participated in the study which was on an online questionnaire-based survey. The questionnaire was self-made and based on Likert five point scale. Results: The study included both boys and girls. In most of the fields such as effective communication, interaction, effective teaching methodology, and understanding the topic and providing feedback, students found classroom learning much better than online learning only advantage of online learning that they found was the convenience as it could be taken from home without having to travel and without facing the hostel-related adjustment issues. Conclusion: To make online methods more acceptable, we will have to bring in various changes and modifications in our way of teaching. More animations and smaller groups may be needed. Individual attention will be possible with smaller groups per class and feedbacks can be taken with ease. With these changes in teaching methods, online mode can be made more effective in reaching to students and making it acceptable by them.","PeriodicalId":18969,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":"4 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78408140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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