Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5455/njppp.2023.13.01015202319012023
P. Sahoo, D. Mohanty, P. Priyadarshini, Gitanjali Sarangi, D. Mishra
Background: Malaria is a major health issue in tropical and subtropical areas. Out of all subtypes, Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) is the most dangerous form accounting for high mortality and morbidity. It is transmitted by infected female anopheles mosquitoes and infected blood transfusions. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study is to establish correct diagnosis by direct microscopy, Immunochromatographic test (ICT), and molecular studies. Materials and Methods: This prospective study was conducted in the PG Department of Microbiology, SCB Medical College, Cuttack. Thick blood smears were drawn and then stained with Leishman’s stain to visualize falciparum rings. DNA was extracted from infected blood samples by phenol chloroform method with some modification as described by Sambrook and Russel for molecular analysis. Results: In the present study, 150 cases of malaria were analyzed. The male: female ratio was 1.7:1 and age ranged from 0 to 56 years. The Plasmodium vivax positivity was compared with thin smear to 21 (84%) in ICT, 100% both polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and loop mediated isothermal amplification assay (LAMP) assays followed by the Pf positivity as 76 (92.7%) in ICT, 82 (100%) both PCR and LAMP assays, respectively. The results obtained were statistically significant with P < 0.001. The PCR and LAMP showed 100% response to specificity and positive predictive value. Conclusion: The present study established the role of molecular tests such as PCR and LAMP are highly specific for diagnosis of Plasmodium species whereas they are more or less similar in sensitivity as compared to other diagnostic methods such as ICT and microscopy.
{"title":"Detection and species determination of malaria parasites by microscopy, antigen detection, polymerase chain reaction, and loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay in a tertiary care hospital","authors":"P. Sahoo, D. Mohanty, P. Priyadarshini, Gitanjali Sarangi, D. Mishra","doi":"10.5455/njppp.2023.13.01015202319012023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/njppp.2023.13.01015202319012023","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Malaria is a major health issue in tropical and subtropical areas. Out of all subtypes, Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) is the most dangerous form accounting for high mortality and morbidity. It is transmitted by infected female anopheles mosquitoes and infected blood transfusions. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study is to establish correct diagnosis by direct microscopy, Immunochromatographic test (ICT), and molecular studies. Materials and Methods: This prospective study was conducted in the PG Department of Microbiology, SCB Medical College, Cuttack. Thick blood smears were drawn and then stained with Leishman’s stain to visualize falciparum rings. DNA was extracted from infected blood samples by phenol chloroform method with some modification as described by Sambrook and Russel for molecular analysis. Results: In the present study, 150 cases of malaria were analyzed. The male: female ratio was 1.7:1 and age ranged from 0 to 56 years. The Plasmodium vivax positivity was compared with thin smear to 21 (84%) in ICT, 100% both polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and loop mediated isothermal amplification assay (LAMP) assays followed by the Pf positivity as 76 (92.7%) in ICT, 82 (100%) both PCR and LAMP assays, respectively. The results obtained were statistically significant with P < 0.001. The PCR and LAMP showed 100% response to specificity and positive predictive value. Conclusion: The present study established the role of molecular tests such as PCR and LAMP are highly specific for diagnosis of Plasmodium species whereas they are more or less similar in sensitivity as compared to other diagnostic methods such as ICT and microscopy.","PeriodicalId":18969,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":"96 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79058176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5455/njppp.2023.13.0312502321032023
Namita Mohanty, M. Nageswar, Sangeeta Rout, Soumyaranjan Mishra
Sjogren’s syndrome is a chronic and slowly progressing autoimmune disease characterized by lyphocytic infiltration of exocrine glands resulting in Sicca syndrome (xerostomia and keratocunjuntivitis sicca). The disease can present alone or along with other autoimmune diseases leading to significant organ specific and systemic disease. Middle aged women (Female: Male: 9:1) are primarily affected. Extraglandular (systemic) manifestations are seen in one third of patients with Sjogren’s syndrome. Among the extraglandular manifestations, renal involvement is commonly seen. Renal involvement in the form of tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN) is more common compared to glomerular involvement. Distal renal tubular acidosis (RTA) is more common manifestation of TIN presenting as mild hypokalemia, metabolic acidosis, and rarely with hypokalemic periodic paralysis. We report three cases of hypokalemic periodic paralysis with metabolic acidosis, two in respiratory paralysis, diagnosed as distal RTA. On further evaluation of distal RTA, the patient diagnosed to have Sjogren’s syndrome and managed accordingly. Our report shows that Sjogren’s syndrome is a rare but important cause of hypokaemic periodic paralysis due to RTA.
{"title":"Sjogren’s syndrome presenting as hypokalemic periodic paralysis, a rare manifestation: A case series","authors":"Namita Mohanty, M. Nageswar, Sangeeta Rout, Soumyaranjan Mishra","doi":"10.5455/njppp.2023.13.0312502321032023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/njppp.2023.13.0312502321032023","url":null,"abstract":"Sjogren’s syndrome is a chronic and slowly progressing autoimmune disease characterized by lyphocytic infiltration of exocrine glands resulting in Sicca syndrome (xerostomia and keratocunjuntivitis sicca). The disease can present alone or along with other autoimmune diseases leading to significant organ specific and systemic disease. Middle aged women (Female: Male: 9:1) are primarily affected. Extraglandular (systemic) manifestations are seen in one third of patients with Sjogren’s syndrome. Among the extraglandular manifestations, renal involvement is commonly seen. Renal involvement in the form of tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN) is more common compared to glomerular involvement. Distal renal tubular acidosis (RTA) is more common manifestation of TIN presenting as mild hypokalemia, metabolic acidosis, and rarely with hypokalemic periodic paralysis. We report three cases of hypokalemic periodic paralysis with metabolic acidosis, two in respiratory paralysis, diagnosed as distal RTA. On further evaluation of distal RTA, the patient diagnosed to have Sjogren’s syndrome and managed accordingly. Our report shows that Sjogren’s syndrome is a rare but important cause of hypokaemic periodic paralysis due to RTA.","PeriodicalId":18969,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82934511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5455/njppp.2023.13.105032022023102022
Meena Atray, R Patil Vijay, V. Chhipa
Background: Over the counter (OTC), drugs are found to be safe and appropriate for use without supervision of a healthcare professional such as physician and they can be purchased by consumers without prescription. The study gains its importance because of the spreading of misuse of antibiotics and various drugs adverse drug reactions in the society. Aims and Objectives: The main aim of the study is to observe as to how many pharmacists/chemists/drug store sellers follow or violate the drug cosmetic act. Materials and Methods: It is an observational and cross-sectional study conducted among pharmacies of Udaipur city, urban areas of Southern Rajasthan. The study includes a sample size of 200 pharmacies selected through convenient random sampling. A detailed semi-structured questionnaire is administered to the pharmacists. The set of questions include types of drugs, reason for dispensing, knowledge, and attitude of pharmacist toward dispensing non-OTC drugs. All the private pharmacies willing to participate were included in the study. Data are entered in Microsoft Excel and statistically analyzed. Results: The results throw light on the behavior and pattern of dispensing habits of the drug store sellers of the city of Udaipur, Southern Rajasthan. It was observed that many pharmacists are in fact in the habit of dispensing non-OTC drugs in almost all the areas. Conclusions: Results give insights about the groups of drugs, logic, behavior, and knowledge level of pharmacists involved in dispensing practices in the city of Udaipur. There should be structured educational campaigns (or use of media, internet, newspaper, radio, television, advertisements, mobiles, etc.) for both pharmacists and public.
{"title":"A cross-sectional evaluation of behavior and attitude of pharmacists toward dispensing non-OTC drugs without prescription in a city of Southern Rajasthan","authors":"Meena Atray, R Patil Vijay, V. Chhipa","doi":"10.5455/njppp.2023.13.105032022023102022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/njppp.2023.13.105032022023102022","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Over the counter (OTC), drugs are found to be safe and appropriate for use without supervision of a healthcare professional such as physician and they can be purchased by consumers without prescription. The study gains its importance because of the spreading of misuse of antibiotics and various drugs adverse drug reactions in the society. Aims and Objectives: The main aim of the study is to observe as to how many pharmacists/chemists/drug store sellers follow or violate the drug cosmetic act. Materials and Methods: It is an observational and cross-sectional study conducted among pharmacies of Udaipur city, urban areas of Southern Rajasthan. The study includes a sample size of 200 pharmacies selected through convenient random sampling. A detailed semi-structured questionnaire is administered to the pharmacists. The set of questions include types of drugs, reason for dispensing, knowledge, and attitude of pharmacist toward dispensing non-OTC drugs. All the private pharmacies willing to participate were included in the study. Data are entered in Microsoft Excel and statistically analyzed. Results: The results throw light on the behavior and pattern of dispensing habits of the drug store sellers of the city of Udaipur, Southern Rajasthan. It was observed that many pharmacists are in fact in the habit of dispensing non-OTC drugs in almost all the areas. Conclusions: Results give insights about the groups of drugs, logic, behavior, and knowledge level of pharmacists involved in dispensing practices in the city of Udaipur. There should be structured educational campaigns (or use of media, internet, newspaper, radio, television, advertisements, mobiles, etc.) for both pharmacists and public.","PeriodicalId":18969,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81555844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5455/njppp.2023.13.01009202313012023
Sushma Ds, N. M., V. Sayeli, Sheetal D
Background: Linear association between diabetes mellitus (DM) and cognitive decline is documented in various epidemiological studies. Aims and Objectives: The objectives of the study were to evaluate the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Costus speciosus leaves (CSL) on cognitive deficits induced by type 2 DM models. Materials and Methods: Wistar rats were used for the study. We had seven groups of six rats each. Type 2 diabetes was induced in thirty six Wistar rats and the other six rats were kept as normal control. For induction, first, one dose of nicotinamide 110 mg/kg was injected, after 15 min streptozotocin (STZ) 50 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally. Seven days after induction, from the dorsal vein of the tail, blood sample was collected and fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels were estimated. Rats with FBG > 200 mg/dl were randomly assigned to six groups of six rat each – Diabetic control (DC) – Negative control, Glibenclamide group – standard control, piracetam group, glibenclamide + piracetam group, CSL 200 mg, CSL 400 mg. Baseline values for learning and memory were recorded on day 1 before starting the treatment. With Hebb-William maze, Time taken to reach reward chamber (TRC), with Shuttle box avoidance test, Step through latency (STL) and with Elevated plus maze, Transfer latency (TL) were recorded. The means of five sessions were recorded for each rat. FBG and cognitive parameters such as TRC, STL, and TL were recorded on day 30 of treatment for all the groups. Data were analyzed using one way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey test. Results: CSL 200 and CSL 400 groups showed decrease in FBG level in comparison to the DC which was significant (P < 0.001). CSL 200 group showed decrease in TRC, STL, and TL in comparison to DC which was significant (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, and P < 0.003, respectively). There was significant decrease in TRC and STL in comparison to DC (P < 0.001) in CSL 400 group. CSL 400 group also showed decrease in STL compared to glibenclamide, piracetam and CSL 200 group which was statistically significant. Conclusion: Hydro-alcoholic extract of CSL showed antihyperglycemic and dose dependent cognitive improvement in models of type 2 diabetes.
{"title":"Effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Costus speciosus leaves on cognitive deficits induced by type 2 diabetes mellitus models","authors":"Sushma Ds, N. M., V. Sayeli, Sheetal D","doi":"10.5455/njppp.2023.13.01009202313012023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/njppp.2023.13.01009202313012023","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Linear association between diabetes mellitus (DM) and cognitive decline is documented in various epidemiological studies. Aims and Objectives: The objectives of the study were to evaluate the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Costus speciosus leaves (CSL) on cognitive deficits induced by type 2 DM models. Materials and Methods: Wistar rats were used for the study. We had seven groups of six rats each. Type 2 diabetes was induced in thirty six Wistar rats and the other six rats were kept as normal control. For induction, first, one dose of nicotinamide 110 mg/kg was injected, after 15 min streptozotocin (STZ) 50 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally. Seven days after induction, from the dorsal vein of the tail, blood sample was collected and fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels were estimated. Rats with FBG > 200 mg/dl were randomly assigned to six groups of six rat each – Diabetic control (DC) – Negative control, Glibenclamide group – standard control, piracetam group, glibenclamide + piracetam group, CSL 200 mg, CSL 400 mg. Baseline values for learning and memory were recorded on day 1 before starting the treatment. With Hebb-William maze, Time taken to reach reward chamber (TRC), with Shuttle box avoidance test, Step through latency (STL) and with Elevated plus maze, Transfer latency (TL) were recorded. The means of five sessions were recorded for each rat. FBG and cognitive parameters such as TRC, STL, and TL were recorded on day 30 of treatment for all the groups. Data were analyzed using one way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey test. Results: CSL 200 and CSL 400 groups showed decrease in FBG level in comparison to the DC which was significant (P < 0.001). CSL 200 group showed decrease in TRC, STL, and TL in comparison to DC which was significant (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, and P < 0.003, respectively). There was significant decrease in TRC and STL in comparison to DC (P < 0.001) in CSL 400 group. CSL 400 group also showed decrease in STL compared to glibenclamide, piracetam and CSL 200 group which was statistically significant. Conclusion: Hydro-alcoholic extract of CSL showed antihyperglycemic and dose dependent cognitive improvement in models of type 2 diabetes.","PeriodicalId":18969,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90400447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5455/njppp.2023.13.07353202323072023
Madhusudhana Pulaganti, V. Masimukku, Harit Bandi, Sainath Jampala
Background: Heart failure (HF) is a significant global health issue; the incidence and prevalence of HF are on the rise due to the aging population and the widespread presence of risk factors associated with HF. Research studies have demonstrated the efficacy of yoga therapy in enhancing patient outcomes among individuals diagnosed with HF. Nevertheless, there is a scarcity of research examining the impact of yoga on biomarkers associated with HF. Aims and Objectives: The primary objective of the present research is to investigate the viability and potential advantages of integrating yoga therapy as a component of the therapeutic approach for individuals diagnosed with HF. Materials and Methods: Eighty patients with New York Heart Association class I and II conditions were recruited and randomly divided into two groups. The control group (CG) was administered standard medical therapy, whereas the yoga group (YG) was given supplementary yoga therapy alongside the conventional medical treatment. Results: Angiotensin I reduced 32.17% in CG and 43.85% in YG, angiotensin II reduced 29.12% and 37.52%, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide reduced 37.49% in CG, 48.88% in YG, nitric oxide increased 39.62% in CG, 59.86% in YG, and catecholamines decreased 39.2% (CG) and 49.86% (YG). The results of this study indicate that the practice of yoga therapy led to statistically significant improvements in several key biomarker. Conclusion: The integration of yoga into a comprehensive health-care protocol has the potential to yield favorable outcomes pertaining to the regulation of blood pressure, cardiovascular well-being, vascular functionality, as well as a decrease of stress levels among individuals with HF.
{"title":"The effect of yoga therapy on angiotensin I and II, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, nitric oxide, and catecholamines in heart failure patients (NYHA I-II): A pilot study","authors":"Madhusudhana Pulaganti, V. Masimukku, Harit Bandi, Sainath Jampala","doi":"10.5455/njppp.2023.13.07353202323072023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/njppp.2023.13.07353202323072023","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Heart failure (HF) is a significant global health issue; the incidence and prevalence of HF are on the rise due to the aging population and the widespread presence of risk factors associated with HF. Research studies have demonstrated the efficacy of yoga therapy in enhancing patient outcomes among individuals diagnosed with HF. Nevertheless, there is a scarcity of research examining the impact of yoga on biomarkers associated with HF. Aims and Objectives: The primary objective of the present research is to investigate the viability and potential advantages of integrating yoga therapy as a component of the therapeutic approach for individuals diagnosed with HF. Materials and Methods: Eighty patients with New York Heart Association class I and II conditions were recruited and randomly divided into two groups. The control group (CG) was administered standard medical therapy, whereas the yoga group (YG) was given supplementary yoga therapy alongside the conventional medical treatment. Results: Angiotensin I reduced 32.17% in CG and 43.85% in YG, angiotensin II reduced 29.12% and 37.52%, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide reduced 37.49% in CG, 48.88% in YG, nitric oxide increased 39.62% in CG, 59.86% in YG, and catecholamines decreased 39.2% (CG) and 49.86% (YG). The results of this study indicate that the practice of yoga therapy led to statistically significant improvements in several key biomarker. Conclusion: The integration of yoga into a comprehensive health-care protocol has the potential to yield favorable outcomes pertaining to the regulation of blood pressure, cardiovascular well-being, vascular functionality, as well as a decrease of stress levels among individuals with HF.","PeriodicalId":18969,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84740770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5455/njppp.2023.13.05268202326062023
Aneesh V
{"title":"Changes in lipid levels in patients with obstructive sleep apnea","authors":"Aneesh V","doi":"10.5455/njppp.2023.13.05268202326062023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/njppp.2023.13.05268202326062023","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p />","PeriodicalId":18969,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85019971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5455/njppp.2023.13.06292202328062023
Dhwani Pandya, B. Bhetariya, Nayan Koitiya
Background: Development of high sensitivity CRP (Hs-CRP) assays has improved the role of this acute phase reactant in predicting the first cardiovascular events. Hs-CRP levels partially reflect the extent of myocardial necrosis and can be used to predict in hospital and long-term outcome in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Aims and Objectives: The objectives of the study are to study and correlate increased level of Hs-CRP with various traditional risk factors such as age, sex, lifestyle, and comorbidities and to establish increased level of Hs-CRP as an independent marker for cardiovascular events. Materials and Methods: A 100 patients’ prospective cross-sectional study was conducted at tertiary care center with traditional risk factors and existing cardiovascular diseases. Measurements of Hs-CRP levels were done with immunoturbidimetric methods with statistical correlation. The statistical analysis was done using IBM SPSS version 26 software. Results: In total 100 patients, 67 patients had Hs-CRP value more than 3 mg/L where-as 33 patients had Hs-CRP value <3 mg/L, 32% of patients belonged to age group 51–60 years and majority 78% were male. Among all the individual life style parameters and traditional risk factor which were considered, five parameters, namely, sedentary life style, smoking, pre-existing hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and electrocardiogram changes were proved statistically significant and correlation between elevated high sensitivity C reactive protein and cardiovascular disease was proved statistically significant. Conclusion: Hs-CRP is independent biomarker for cardiovascular disease and positive correlation was established between elevated level of Hs-CRP and major traditional risk factors such as sedentary life style, smoking, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus.
{"title":"High-sensitivity C-reactive protein as a biomarker of cardiovascular events","authors":"Dhwani Pandya, B. Bhetariya, Nayan Koitiya","doi":"10.5455/njppp.2023.13.06292202328062023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/njppp.2023.13.06292202328062023","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Development of high sensitivity CRP (Hs-CRP) assays has improved the role of this acute phase reactant in predicting the first cardiovascular events. Hs-CRP levels partially reflect the extent of myocardial necrosis and can be used to predict in hospital and long-term outcome in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Aims and Objectives: The objectives of the study are to study and correlate increased level of Hs-CRP with various traditional risk factors such as age, sex, lifestyle, and comorbidities and to establish increased level of Hs-CRP as an independent marker for cardiovascular events. Materials and Methods: A 100 patients’ prospective cross-sectional study was conducted at tertiary care center with traditional risk factors and existing cardiovascular diseases. Measurements of Hs-CRP levels were done with immunoturbidimetric methods with statistical correlation. The statistical analysis was done using IBM SPSS version 26 software. Results: In total 100 patients, 67 patients had Hs-CRP value more than 3 mg/L where-as 33 patients had Hs-CRP value <3 mg/L, 32% of patients belonged to age group 51–60 years and majority 78% were male. Among all the individual life style parameters and traditional risk factor which were considered, five parameters, namely, sedentary life style, smoking, pre-existing hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and electrocardiogram changes were proved statistically significant and correlation between elevated high sensitivity C reactive protein and cardiovascular disease was proved statistically significant. Conclusion: Hs-CRP is independent biomarker for cardiovascular disease and positive correlation was established between elevated level of Hs-CRP and major traditional risk factors such as sedentary life style, smoking, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus.","PeriodicalId":18969,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86384856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5455/njppp.2023.13.12618202209012022
G. K, Moulya Nagaraj, P. S, J. R, Lakshmi Pandith
Background: Cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) measures costs and outcomes in monetary terms, it can be used to compare net benefits of all types of interventions. CEA is most important for chronic conditions such as depression requiring long-term/lifelong medications. Depression is a mood disorder affecting all age groups with a considerable impact on the quality of life. It imposes an economic burden on the individual, family, and society. Among antidepressants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors are commonly preferred since they are well-tolerated and efficacious. As there are only few studies done in Indian population to compare the efficacy and tolerability of Escitalopram and Desvenlafaxine, and no CEA have been done to compare the cost-effectiveness of Escitalopram and Desvenlafaxine, the present study was taken up. Therefore, the present study was undertaken. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of Escitalopram and Desvenlafaxine in the treatment of moderate-to-severe depression. Materials and Methods: A randomized, open-label, standard controlled, parallel-group, and 8-week study of CEA of Escitalopram and Desvenlafaxine was performed in 60 subjects with newly diagnosed moderate-to-severe depression. Clinical improvement was assessed using the montgomery and asberg depression rating scale (MADRS). CEA was analyzed using average cost-effectiveness ratio (ACER) and increment cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER). Results: Escitalopram and Desvenlafaxine showed a significant reduction in the total MADRS scores. Escitalopram showed a faster onset of action and was more efficacious than Desvenlafaxine in reducing depressive symptoms. ACER shows a lesser cost required for Escitalopram over Desvenlafaxine. Negative ICER and increment net benefit analysis demonstrate that Escitalopram is cost-effective versus Desvenlafaxine. Study drugs were well tolerated, with mild nausea in the Desvenlafaxine group. Conclusion: Escitalopram was more cost-effective in comparison to Desvenlafaxine in moderate to severe depression.
{"title":"Randomized and parallel-group study of cost-effectiveness analysis of escitalopram and desvenlafaxine in moderate-to-severe depression","authors":"G. K, Moulya Nagaraj, P. S, J. R, Lakshmi Pandith","doi":"10.5455/njppp.2023.13.12618202209012022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/njppp.2023.13.12618202209012022","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) measures costs and outcomes in monetary terms, it can be used to compare net benefits of all types of interventions. CEA is most important for chronic conditions such as depression requiring long-term/lifelong medications. Depression is a mood disorder affecting all age groups with a considerable impact on the quality of life. It imposes an economic burden on the individual, family, and society. Among antidepressants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors are commonly preferred since they are well-tolerated and efficacious. As there are only few studies done in Indian population to compare the efficacy and tolerability of Escitalopram and Desvenlafaxine, and no CEA have been done to compare the cost-effectiveness of Escitalopram and Desvenlafaxine, the present study was taken up. Therefore, the present study was undertaken. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of Escitalopram and Desvenlafaxine in the treatment of moderate-to-severe depression. Materials and Methods: A randomized, open-label, standard controlled, parallel-group, and 8-week study of CEA of Escitalopram and Desvenlafaxine was performed in 60 subjects with newly diagnosed moderate-to-severe depression. Clinical improvement was assessed using the montgomery and asberg depression rating scale (MADRS). CEA was analyzed using average cost-effectiveness ratio (ACER) and increment cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER). Results: Escitalopram and Desvenlafaxine showed a significant reduction in the total MADRS scores. Escitalopram showed a faster onset of action and was more efficacious than Desvenlafaxine in reducing depressive symptoms. ACER shows a lesser cost required for Escitalopram over Desvenlafaxine. Negative ICER and increment net benefit analysis demonstrate that Escitalopram is cost-effective versus Desvenlafaxine. Study drugs were well tolerated, with mild nausea in the Desvenlafaxine group. Conclusion: Escitalopram was more cost-effective in comparison to Desvenlafaxine in moderate to severe depression.","PeriodicalId":18969,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83912535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5455/njppp.2023.13.11529202214112022
Ahammed H, Benny D, Jija M, A. A, Divya Unnikrishnan, S. Nath
Background: The sensory nerve action potential (SNAP) is an important factor in the electro diagnostic evaluation of a patient with suspected peripheral neuropathy. Sural nerve is the most frequently studied nerve in the electrophysiology. For proper diagnosis sural sensory conduction abnormalities, a reference data are required for each electrophysiology laboratory. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to find out normative reference data of amplitude and distal latency (DL) of sural SNAP for Northern Kerala population. Materials and Methods: The study was designed as cross-sectional and observational study and analysis of values was done using SPSS version 16. A total of 250 healthy subjects of age 15–50 from Northern Kerala participated in the study which included equal number of males and females. Results: Normative reference data for sensory amplitude and DL were derived in the present study. Sensory amplitude was more and DL was found to be less in female population, indicating faster nerve conduction in female. Conclusion: The reference data derived here can be utilized to detect any abnormality sural nerve sensory conduction. The gender effect on sural nerve sensory conduction parameters can be attributed to the height difference, as nerve conduction velocity is inversely proportional to height.
{"title":"Sural nerve conduction: Amplitude and distal latency of sensory nerve action potential","authors":"Ahammed H, Benny D, Jija M, A. A, Divya Unnikrishnan, S. Nath","doi":"10.5455/njppp.2023.13.11529202214112022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/njppp.2023.13.11529202214112022","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The sensory nerve action potential (SNAP) is an important factor in the electro diagnostic evaluation of a patient with suspected peripheral neuropathy. Sural nerve is the most frequently studied nerve in the electrophysiology. For proper diagnosis sural sensory conduction abnormalities, a reference data are required for each electrophysiology laboratory. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to find out normative reference data of amplitude and distal latency (DL) of sural SNAP for Northern Kerala population. Materials and Methods: The study was designed as cross-sectional and observational study and analysis of values was done using SPSS version 16. A total of 250 healthy subjects of age 15–50 from Northern Kerala participated in the study which included equal number of males and females. Results: Normative reference data for sensory amplitude and DL were derived in the present study. Sensory amplitude was more and DL was found to be less in female population, indicating faster nerve conduction in female. Conclusion: The reference data derived here can be utilized to detect any abnormality sural nerve sensory conduction. The gender effect on sural nerve sensory conduction parameters can be attributed to the height difference, as nerve conduction velocity is inversely proportional to height.","PeriodicalId":18969,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84394288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5455/njppp.2023.13.02084202316022023
Venkateshwarlu Yeldandi, S. G., A. Jillella, S. G, Venkata Kadiyala, N. A
Background: Pain is an unpleasant sensation, that has limitations with available drugs in terms of effectiveness and safety. Plant-based drugs have gained great importance due to their analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anti-pyretic ability, and limited side effects. Aim and Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate the analgesic effect of Moringa oleifera (drumstick tree) and Tinospora cordifolia (guduchi) leaf extracts in rats. Materials and methods: This prospective study consists 54 healthy Albino Wistar rats of male sex having weights ranging from 150 to 250 g. Normal saline as control and Tramadol was used as standard. Rats were randomly divided into nine groups (n = 6 in each). Commercially available M. oleifera leaf extracts and T. cordifolia leaf extracts were purchased to check the analgesic effect. Analgesic effect was determined by hot plate method after initial dose and by Tail-immersion method after 15 days of interval. Results: The reaction time of AMO and ATC with doses 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg was 4.28, 4.41, 4.74, and 3.96, 4.12, 4.22 at 90 min, respectively. While, tramadol showed high reaction time at 90 (6.41) and 120 min (7.17). The maximum analgesic effect was found at 90 min by hot plate and tail immersion methods in tramadol group than AMO and AMT. Conclusion: The aqueous leaf extract of M. oleifera and T. cordifolia has similar analgesic properties. The study drugs have not showed any behavioral or lethal adverse effects during the study.
{"title":"Evaluation of analgesic properties of Moringa Oleifera and Tinospora Cordifolia leaf extracts on Albino Wistar rats","authors":"Venkateshwarlu Yeldandi, S. G., A. Jillella, S. G, Venkata Kadiyala, N. A","doi":"10.5455/njppp.2023.13.02084202316022023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/njppp.2023.13.02084202316022023","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Pain is an unpleasant sensation, that has limitations with available drugs in terms of effectiveness and safety. Plant-based drugs have gained great importance due to their analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anti-pyretic ability, and limited side effects. Aim and Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate the analgesic effect of Moringa oleifera (drumstick tree) and Tinospora cordifolia (guduchi) leaf extracts in rats. Materials and methods: This prospective study consists 54 healthy Albino Wistar rats of male sex having weights ranging from 150 to 250 g. Normal saline as control and Tramadol was used as standard. Rats were randomly divided into nine groups (n = 6 in each). Commercially available M. oleifera leaf extracts and T. cordifolia leaf extracts were purchased to check the analgesic effect. Analgesic effect was determined by hot plate method after initial dose and by Tail-immersion method after 15 days of interval. Results: The reaction time of AMO and ATC with doses 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg was 4.28, 4.41, 4.74, and 3.96, 4.12, 4.22 at 90 min, respectively. While, tramadol showed high reaction time at 90 (6.41) and 120 min (7.17). The maximum analgesic effect was found at 90 min by hot plate and tail immersion methods in tramadol group than AMO and AMT. Conclusion: The aqueous leaf extract of M. oleifera and T. cordifolia has similar analgesic properties. The study drugs have not showed any behavioral or lethal adverse effects during the study.","PeriodicalId":18969,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78824295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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