Pub Date : 2020-02-28DOI: 10.24224/2227-1295-2020-2-178-193
L. Yagenich
The article is devoted to the problem of studying a written scientific English text in medicine. Attention is paid to the features of its formation as a result of long historical development. The question of the patterns of presentation of prescriptive information in the medical text of the XVIII century, which is considered the final stage of the nationalization of the language of science, is revealed. The author determines that a medical text possessing signs of expressing prescriptiveness functions as informing, regulating and influencing the addressee with the aim of expressing the meanings of duty, recommendation, permission and prohibition. The article contains a definition of prescription in relation to a medical text. The description of the ways of expressing prescriptions by means of linguistic units is presented: verbs used in the passive voice, nouns, adjectives and participles. It is shown that such texts are intended to induce the recipient to accurately follow the instructions of the doctor and to prevent the possibility of double interpretation. The main prescriptions of the medical written English-language scientific text of the XVIII century, used by doctors in relation to the recipients, are identified as having a character that is not compulsory, but politely recommended.
{"title":"Prescriptive Signs of an 18th Century English-Language Scientific Medical Text","authors":"L. Yagenich","doi":"10.24224/2227-1295-2020-2-178-193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2020-2-178-193","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the problem of studying a written scientific English text in medicine. Attention is paid to the features of its formation as a result of long historical development. The question of the patterns of presentation of prescriptive information in the medical text of the XVIII century, which is considered the final stage of the nationalization of the language of science, is revealed. The author determines that a medical text possessing signs of expressing prescriptiveness functions as informing, regulating and influencing the addressee with the aim of expressing the meanings of duty, recommendation, permission and prohibition. The article contains a definition of prescription in relation to a medical text. The description of the ways of expressing prescriptions by means of linguistic units is presented: verbs used in the passive voice, nouns, adjectives and participles. It is shown that such texts are intended to induce the recipient to accurately follow the instructions of the doctor and to prevent the possibility of double interpretation. The main prescriptions of the medical written English-language scientific text of the XVIII century, used by doctors in relation to the recipients, are identified as having a character that is not compulsory, but politely recommended.","PeriodicalId":190169,"journal":{"name":"Nauchnyy dialog","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114434692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-28DOI: 10.24224/2227-1295-2020-2-288-307
Н. Е. Архипова
The activity of the first in Russia teachers of religion union of secondary educational institutions of Nizhny Novgorod (since 1915 - all Nizhny Novgorod teachers of religion) is considered. The relevance of the study is due to the revival of religious education in the modern school. The novelty of the study is that for the first time a generalized analysis of the work of the union, designed to rally the teachers of the “Law of God”, is presented, to facilitate the exchange of experience in order to increase the educational value of the course in the context of expanding secularization of public consciousness. It is concluded that the union carried out important work on the analysis of spiritual literature, textbooks, curricula, and sample lessons. It is shown that the lack of power and authority of the union deprived it of the opportunity to influence the choice of new teachers of religion and deputies for exams on the course “God’s Law”, limited its importance in solving the problems of religious and moral education of students. The author has come to the conclusion that the union, becoming an example for other cities, played a role in understanding the teaching theory and practice for harmonizing and optimizing the work of teachers of religion. It was established that in 1917-1918 the union took measures to preserve the institution of teaching of religion at school.
{"title":"Union of Nizhny Novgorod Teachers of Religion: Creation and Activity (1902-1918)","authors":"Н. Е. Архипова","doi":"10.24224/2227-1295-2020-2-288-307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2020-2-288-307","url":null,"abstract":"The activity of the first in Russia teachers of religion union of secondary educational institutions of Nizhny Novgorod (since 1915 - all Nizhny Novgorod teachers of religion) is considered. The relevance of the study is due to the revival of religious education in the modern school. The novelty of the study is that for the first time a generalized analysis of the work of the union, designed to rally the teachers of the “Law of God”, is presented, to facilitate the exchange of experience in order to increase the educational value of the course in the context of expanding secularization of public consciousness. It is concluded that the union carried out important work on the analysis of spiritual literature, textbooks, curricula, and sample lessons. It is shown that the lack of power and authority of the union deprived it of the opportunity to influence the choice of new teachers of religion and deputies for exams on the course “God’s Law”, limited its importance in solving the problems of religious and moral education of students. The author has come to the conclusion that the union, becoming an example for other cities, played a role in understanding the teaching theory and practice for harmonizing and optimizing the work of teachers of religion. It was established that in 1917-1918 the union took measures to preserve the institution of teaching of religion at school.","PeriodicalId":190169,"journal":{"name":"Nauchnyy dialog","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131336541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-28DOI: 10.24224/2227-1295-2020-2-308-321
N. I. Burnasheva
Based on the documents of the National Archives of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), published reviews and reports of the regional administration, the creation of state and public grain and food reserves in the 19th century Yakutsk region that were necessary for the population to protect them from starvation and mortality in cattle during adverse years is considered. The main attention is paid to the influence of the bread storage system on the distribution of agriculture, the development of traditional crafts and occupations of foreigners, the development of loan and entrepreneurship. It is noted that, with the efforts and purposeful work of the regional government in Yakutia in the 19th century, along with state-owned shops, a network of rural public bakery stores was created that could adequately provide the population of the region with food, hay and other reserves. It is shown that the organization of a food safety system in the Yakutsk region was based on the principles of a careful attitude of the state to the needs of its subjects, which significantly increased the importance of government events, strengthened the authority and trust of the population in the activities of government. It is concluded that the process of organizing the bread storage system and food funds created favorable conditions for the spread of agriculture in the region, supported traditional crafts and occupations of the population, and opened up opportunities for the development of entrepreneurship.
{"title":"Creation and Development of State Food Security System in Yakutia in 19th Century","authors":"N. I. Burnasheva","doi":"10.24224/2227-1295-2020-2-308-321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2020-2-308-321","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the documents of the National Archives of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), published reviews and reports of the regional administration, the creation of state and public grain and food reserves in the 19th century Yakutsk region that were necessary for the population to protect them from starvation and mortality in cattle during adverse years is considered. The main attention is paid to the influence of the bread storage system on the distribution of agriculture, the development of traditional crafts and occupations of foreigners, the development of loan and entrepreneurship. It is noted that, with the efforts and purposeful work of the regional government in Yakutia in the 19th century, along with state-owned shops, a network of rural public bakery stores was created that could adequately provide the population of the region with food, hay and other reserves. It is shown that the organization of a food safety system in the Yakutsk region was based on the principles of a careful attitude of the state to the needs of its subjects, which significantly increased the importance of government events, strengthened the authority and trust of the population in the activities of government. It is concluded that the process of organizing the bread storage system and food funds created favorable conditions for the spread of agriculture in the region, supported traditional crafts and occupations of the population, and opened up opportunities for the development of entrepreneurship.","PeriodicalId":190169,"journal":{"name":"Nauchnyy dialog","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124519209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-28DOI: 10.24224/2227-1295-2020-2-333-352
T. Dimoni
The issue of understanding by scientists and public figures of the Russian Emigre of social relations in the USSR of the 1950-1970s is considered in the article. The novelty of the work lies in the choice of sources of research - articles and books of figures of Russian Emigre. The author emphasizes that the main part of the ideas of the considered authors is not sufficiently represented in the scientific community. It is noted that the founders of the research of Soviet society were scientists from the Munich Institute for the Study of History and Culture of the USSR, which in 1957 held a major international conference “Modern Soviet Society”. It is concluded that the conference reports on the multiplicity of Soviet society, the presence of serious legal and economic differentiation, the emergence of new progressive classes (engineering and technical intelligentsia) laid the foundation for promoting research on Russian society. According to the author, in the late 1960s, this direction was actively cultivated by Soviet dissidents who emigrated to the West, and close associates who remained in the USSR (A. A. Amalrik, K. Bourzhuademov, S. S. Malevsky-Malevich, V. Belotserkovsky). A review of the historiography of the Russian Emigre allows us to create a platform for reflection on the social forces of Soviet society, the driving motives of their activity and the struggle for a place in the class hierarchy.
文章探讨了20世纪50年代至70年代俄罗斯流亡国外的科学家和公众人物对苏联社会关系的理解问题。这项工作的新颖之处在于研究来源的选择-俄罗斯移民人物的文章和书籍。作者强调，被考虑的作者的思想的主要部分在科学界没有得到充分的代表。值得注意的是，苏联社会研究的创始人是慕尼黑苏联历史和文化研究所的科学家，该研究所于1957年举行了一次大型国际会议“现代苏联社会”。结论是，会议报告了苏联社会的多样性，存在严重的法律和经济分化，新的进步阶级(工程和技术知识分子)的出现，为促进对俄罗斯社会的研究奠定了基础。据提交人说，在1960年代后期，移居西方的苏联持不同政见者和留在苏联的亲密伙伴(A. A. Amalrik、K. bourzhhuademov、S. S. Malevsky-Malevich、V. Belotserkovsky)积极地培养了这一方向。回顾俄罗斯流亡者的史学，可以让我们创造一个平台，来反思苏联社会的社会力量，他们活动的驱动动机，以及在阶级等级中争取一席之地的斗争。
{"title":"Problem of Social Leadership and Social Conflict in USSR in Works of Scientists of Russian Emigre of 1950s and 1970s","authors":"T. Dimoni","doi":"10.24224/2227-1295-2020-2-333-352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2020-2-333-352","url":null,"abstract":"The issue of understanding by scientists and public figures of the Russian Emigre of social relations in the USSR of the 1950-1970s is considered in the article. The novelty of the work lies in the choice of sources of research - articles and books of figures of Russian Emigre. The author emphasizes that the main part of the ideas of the considered authors is not sufficiently represented in the scientific community. It is noted that the founders of the research of Soviet society were scientists from the Munich Institute for the Study of History and Culture of the USSR, which in 1957 held a major international conference “Modern Soviet Society”. It is concluded that the conference reports on the multiplicity of Soviet society, the presence of serious legal and economic differentiation, the emergence of new progressive classes (engineering and technical intelligentsia) laid the foundation for promoting research on Russian society. According to the author, in the late 1960s, this direction was actively cultivated by Soviet dissidents who emigrated to the West, and close associates who remained in the USSR (A. A. Amalrik, K. Bourzhuademov, S. S. Malevsky-Malevich, V. Belotserkovsky). A review of the historiography of the Russian Emigre allows us to create a platform for reflection on the social forces of Soviet society, the driving motives of their activity and the struggle for a place in the class hierarchy.","PeriodicalId":190169,"journal":{"name":"Nauchnyy dialog","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115577505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-28DOI: 10.24224/2227-1295-2020-2-322-332
G. N. Valiakhmetova, M. A. German
The evolution of bilateral relations between the PRC and the Republic of Turkey is examined in the context of the integration of the Turkish project “Central Corridor” into the Chinese initiative “One Belt, One Way” in 2013-2019. A set of factors was identified and analyzed that contributed to building a constructive dialogue between Beijing and Ankara on cooperation in the New Silk Road projects. The periodization of the political and diplomatic history of coordination of the Chinese and Turkish concepts of creating a single economic space in Eurasia is proposed; the characteristic of its main stages is presented, as well as the legal and institutional framework for the interaction of the two states formed during the negotiations. A review of the joint projects implemented by Turkey and China in the framework of the land and sea Silk Road projects has been completed. It is noted that their quantitative and qualitative parameters confirm the strategic nature of relations between China and Turkey. It is substantiated that the process of matching the integration models proposed by Beijing and Ankara for Eurasia is far from complete due to the presence of certain disagreements regarding the conditions and limits of bilateral cooperation, as well as due to the influence of adverse foreign policy factors.
{"title":"Peculiarities of Turkey’s Integration into the Chinese Initiative “One Belt - One Way”","authors":"G. N. Valiakhmetova, M. A. German","doi":"10.24224/2227-1295-2020-2-322-332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2020-2-322-332","url":null,"abstract":"The evolution of bilateral relations between the PRC and the Republic of Turkey is examined in the context of the integration of the Turkish project “Central Corridor” into the Chinese initiative “One Belt, One Way” in 2013-2019. A set of factors was identified and analyzed that contributed to building a constructive dialogue between Beijing and Ankara on cooperation in the New Silk Road projects. The periodization of the political and diplomatic history of coordination of the Chinese and Turkish concepts of creating a single economic space in Eurasia is proposed; the characteristic of its main stages is presented, as well as the legal and institutional framework for the interaction of the two states formed during the negotiations. A review of the joint projects implemented by Turkey and China in the framework of the land and sea Silk Road projects has been completed. It is noted that their quantitative and qualitative parameters confirm the strategic nature of relations between China and Turkey. It is substantiated that the process of matching the integration models proposed by Beijing and Ankara for Eurasia is far from complete due to the presence of certain disagreements regarding the conditions and limits of bilateral cooperation, as well as due to the influence of adverse foreign policy factors.","PeriodicalId":190169,"journal":{"name":"Nauchnyy dialog","volume":"106 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116845985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-28DOI: 10.24224/2227-1295-2020-2-251-261
R. M. Safiulina
The subject of study is the originality of the artistic vision of A. Murdoch, which involves in the plot of literary text, the collision and interweaving of various philosophical systems (existentialism, Marxism, Freudianism, neo-Catholicism, pragmatism). The main attention is paid to incorporating Eastern philosophical systems (Zen Buddhism, Sufism) into the work of the writer. The example of the novel “The Black Prince” by A. Murdoch shows the complex interweaving of the life history of the heroes of the work with the philosophical reflections of the author about the laws of the universe, world live order, God, man. The definitions of Zen Buddhism, Sufism, the Sufi Path, as well as the classification of “parking on the Path to the Almighty” are given. The results of a comparative analysis of the novel by A. Murdoch “The Black Prince” and the treatise “Mantiq-ut-tayr” by Sufi author F. Attar are presented. It is proved that Zen Buddhism and Sufism are implanted in the text of the Black Prince novel to create the effect of polyphony of opinions, voices as multidimensionality of being, ambiguity and insufficiency of one interpretation of human actions, as well as any phenomenon in being. An assumption is made about the proximity of the novel “The Black Prince” by A. Murdoch with the theory of Nassim Taleb’s “Black Swan”.
{"title":"Oriental Philosophical Systems and Work of Iris Murdoch (on the Example of the Novel “The Black Prince”)","authors":"R. M. Safiulina","doi":"10.24224/2227-1295-2020-2-251-261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2020-2-251-261","url":null,"abstract":"The subject of study is the originality of the artistic vision of A. Murdoch, which involves in the plot of literary text, the collision and interweaving of various philosophical systems (existentialism, Marxism, Freudianism, neo-Catholicism, pragmatism). The main attention is paid to incorporating Eastern philosophical systems (Zen Buddhism, Sufism) into the work of the writer. The example of the novel “The Black Prince” by A. Murdoch shows the complex interweaving of the life history of the heroes of the work with the philosophical reflections of the author about the laws of the universe, world live order, God, man. The definitions of Zen Buddhism, Sufism, the Sufi Path, as well as the classification of “parking on the Path to the Almighty” are given. The results of a comparative analysis of the novel by A. Murdoch “The Black Prince” and the treatise “Mantiq-ut-tayr” by Sufi author F. Attar are presented. It is proved that Zen Buddhism and Sufism are implanted in the text of the Black Prince novel to create the effect of polyphony of opinions, voices as multidimensionality of being, ambiguity and insufficiency of one interpretation of human actions, as well as any phenomenon in being. An assumption is made about the proximity of the novel “The Black Prince” by A. Murdoch with the theory of Nassim Taleb’s “Black Swan”.","PeriodicalId":190169,"journal":{"name":"Nauchnyy dialog","volume":"158 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127377247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-30DOI: 10.24224/2227-1295-2020-1-484-494
L. N. Suslova, I. Yarkova
The article is devoted to the study of historical experience in the formation of pensions for employees of the Tobolsk province in the XIX - early XX centuries. The authors of the article associate their interest in the indicated problems with its poor knowledge, as well as the reform of pension provision in modern Russia. The source of the study was the legislative, clerical and statistical documents of the funds of the School Directorate, City Council, Tobolsk Provincial Board, Tobolsk State Chamber, Tobolsk Gymnasium, Tobolsk State Bank, Tobolsk Post and Telegraph Office, Tobolsk Notary Archive and others. The most significant of these are the lists of pensioners living in the Tobolsk province, the Tobolsk Treasury Chamber statements on pensioners, documents that fix the number and size of pensions issued and not issued, and cases regarding the assignment of pensions. The authors of the article note the absence in the period under review of a single pension provision practice for all social categories of the population. The author analyzes pension payments accrued to officials from the treasury, and funded payments from public emmeritial cash desks. It is concluded that the formation of the pension provision of civil servants can be attributed to the end of the first quarter of the XIX century. The circle of persons entitled to receive a pension is designated, the sources of pension financing are identified. It was concluded that for the provision of pensions to officials of the period under review, the dependence of the pension salary on the size of the annual salary, the rank and length of service of the civil service was characteristic.
{"title":"Formation of a Pension Allowance system for Civil Servants of the Tobolsk Province of the 19th - early 20th Centuries","authors":"L. N. Suslova, I. Yarkova","doi":"10.24224/2227-1295-2020-1-484-494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2020-1-484-494","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the study of historical experience in the formation of pensions for employees of the Tobolsk province in the XIX - early XX centuries. The authors of the article associate their interest in the indicated problems with its poor knowledge, as well as the reform of pension provision in modern Russia. The source of the study was the legislative, clerical and statistical documents of the funds of the School Directorate, City Council, Tobolsk Provincial Board, Tobolsk State Chamber, Tobolsk Gymnasium, Tobolsk State Bank, Tobolsk Post and Telegraph Office, Tobolsk Notary Archive and others. The most significant of these are the lists of pensioners living in the Tobolsk province, the Tobolsk Treasury Chamber statements on pensioners, documents that fix the number and size of pensions issued and not issued, and cases regarding the assignment of pensions. The authors of the article note the absence in the period under review of a single pension provision practice for all social categories of the population. The author analyzes pension payments accrued to officials from the treasury, and funded payments from public emmeritial cash desks. It is concluded that the formation of the pension provision of civil servants can be attributed to the end of the first quarter of the XIX century. The circle of persons entitled to receive a pension is designated, the sources of pension financing are identified. It was concluded that for the provision of pensions to officials of the period under review, the dependence of the pension salary on the size of the annual salary, the rank and length of service of the civil service was characteristic.","PeriodicalId":190169,"journal":{"name":"Nauchnyy dialog","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125144714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-30DOI: 10.24224/2227-1295-2020-1-400-421
E. Y. Mokerova, K. Tarasov
The article is devoted to the issues of coin circulation in the Vyatka region (province) in the 30-90s of the 18th century. On the basis of a topographic summary compiled by the authors, the findings of coin treasure complexes are characterized. It is noted that, unlike previous periods, the treasures of coins of the XVIII century are divided into categories of coin metals. When analyzing coin complexes, the conclusion is made: in the territory of the Vyatka region, copper coins took the place of a silver penny and began to dominate money circulation from the second half of the 18th century, although a copper coin appeared as legal tender in Peter's time. The circulation of copper coins is determined, which make up the majority of the treasures of finds of the indicated period, mainly in the circle of the social lower classes of society. It is emphasized that the large copper treasures, large in size and weight, do not indicate an increase in the standard of living of the population, but are a reaction of the population to the depreciation of bank notes. The reasons for the population’s motivation for hoarding coin complexes are explored: an active foreign policy, the growth of industry and trade, monetary crises and related reforms and innovations, and tax increase.
{"title":"Coin Circulation in the Vyatka Region in the 30-90s of the 18th Century (according to the Data of Coin Treasures)","authors":"E. Y. Mokerova, K. Tarasov","doi":"10.24224/2227-1295-2020-1-400-421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2020-1-400-421","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the issues of coin circulation in the Vyatka region (province) in the 30-90s of the 18th century. On the basis of a topographic summary compiled by the authors, the findings of coin treasure complexes are characterized. It is noted that, unlike previous periods, the treasures of coins of the XVIII century are divided into categories of coin metals. When analyzing coin complexes, the conclusion is made: in the territory of the Vyatka region, copper coins took the place of a silver penny and began to dominate money circulation from the second half of the 18th century, although a copper coin appeared as legal tender in Peter's time. The circulation of copper coins is determined, which make up the majority of the treasures of finds of the indicated period, mainly in the circle of the social lower classes of society. It is emphasized that the large copper treasures, large in size and weight, do not indicate an increase in the standard of living of the population, but are a reaction of the population to the depreciation of bank notes. The reasons for the population’s motivation for hoarding coin complexes are explored: an active foreign policy, the growth of industry and trade, monetary crises and related reforms and innovations, and tax increase.","PeriodicalId":190169,"journal":{"name":"Nauchnyy dialog","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127769414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-30DOI: 10.24224/2227-1295-2020-1-495-509
V. Filippova, A. Savvinova, G. Fondahl
The relevance of the study is due to the need to study the characteristics of the resettlement of the local Evenki group of the Olekma River Basin, which influenced the modern land use and economic and cultural relations of Evenki living now in the Olekminsky District of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), the Kalarsky and Tungiro-Olekminsky Districts of the Trans-Baikal Territory and the Tyndinsky District of Amur region. The article focuses on the study of the Evenki population dynamics based on a comparative analysis of the materials of the censuses of the 20th century. For comparison, current data on the number of Evenks in their areas of residence according to the 2010 census are given. An analysis of archival sources showed that changes in the resettlement of Evenk clans occurred simultaneously with changes in the administrative-territorial division. Factographic materials found in the National Archives of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) confirm that when deciding on the administrative-territorial structure, the opinions and proposals of the local population were taken into account. Author’s maps were compiled, which allowed a spatial analysis of the distribution of the population and the forms of organization of the Evenki economy. It was found out that each region has its own specific land use determined by administrative decisions and regional policies.
{"title":"Evenki of River Basin Olyokma: Resettlement and Land Use in the XXI Century","authors":"V. Filippova, A. Savvinova, G. Fondahl","doi":"10.24224/2227-1295-2020-1-495-509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2020-1-495-509","url":null,"abstract":"The relevance of the study is due to the need to study the characteristics of the resettlement of the local Evenki group of the Olekma River Basin, which influenced the modern land use and economic and cultural relations of Evenki living now in the Olekminsky District of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), the Kalarsky and Tungiro-Olekminsky Districts of the Trans-Baikal Territory and the Tyndinsky District of Amur region. The article focuses on the study of the Evenki population dynamics based on a comparative analysis of the materials of the censuses of the 20th century. For comparison, current data on the number of Evenks in their areas of residence according to the 2010 census are given. An analysis of archival sources showed that changes in the resettlement of Evenk clans occurred simultaneously with changes in the administrative-territorial division. Factographic materials found in the National Archives of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) confirm that when deciding on the administrative-territorial structure, the opinions and proposals of the local population were taken into account. Author’s maps were compiled, which allowed a spatial analysis of the distribution of the population and the forms of organization of the Evenki economy. It was found out that each region has its own specific land use determined by administrative decisions and regional policies.","PeriodicalId":190169,"journal":{"name":"Nauchnyy dialog","volume":"275 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113969064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-30DOI: 10.24224/2227-1295-2020-1-422-432
R. A. Nalyvayko
The article is devoted to the evolution of the image of the Moscow principality, and then the state in the works of Polish chroniclers of the XV-XVI centuries Jan Dlugosh and Matvey Mekhovsky. Attention is paid to the characteristics of Moscow, and how these characteristics changed as it strengthened. Particular attention is paid to the assessments of J. Dlugosh and M. Mekhovsky regarding their contemporary Moscow princes and rulers of Poland and Lithuania, as well as the expansion of the territory of the Moscow principality. Respect for Moscow princes and criticism of Polish rulers are especially noted. Based on a comparative analysis of the news of J. Dlugosh and M. Mekhovsky, a growing interest in the Moscow state is shown, a geographical description of which is given by M. Mekhovsky. The work shows that the Polish chroniclers have not yet been interested in the internal political history of Moscow - all references were exclusively related to Polish or Lithuanian events. The relevance of the study is due to the role played by Polish historiography of the XV-XVI centuries in shaping the image of the Moscow state, Russia in Europe, in particular, M. Mekhovsky’s Treatise on the Two Sarmatians.
{"title":"Evolution of Image of the Moscow State in Historical Works of Jan Dlugosh and Matvey Mehovsky: Second Half of XV - First Third of XVI Centuries","authors":"R. A. Nalyvayko","doi":"10.24224/2227-1295-2020-1-422-432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2020-1-422-432","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the evolution of the image of the Moscow principality, and then the state in the works of Polish chroniclers of the XV-XVI centuries Jan Dlugosh and Matvey Mekhovsky. Attention is paid to the characteristics of Moscow, and how these characteristics changed as it strengthened. Particular attention is paid to the assessments of J. Dlugosh and M. Mekhovsky regarding their contemporary Moscow princes and rulers of Poland and Lithuania, as well as the expansion of the territory of the Moscow principality. Respect for Moscow princes and criticism of Polish rulers are especially noted. Based on a comparative analysis of the news of J. Dlugosh and M. Mekhovsky, a growing interest in the Moscow state is shown, a geographical description of which is given by M. Mekhovsky. The work shows that the Polish chroniclers have not yet been interested in the internal political history of Moscow - all references were exclusively related to Polish or Lithuanian events. The relevance of the study is due to the role played by Polish historiography of the XV-XVI centuries in shaping the image of the Moscow state, Russia in Europe, in particular, M. Mekhovsky’s Treatise on the Two Sarmatians.","PeriodicalId":190169,"journal":{"name":"Nauchnyy dialog","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115401249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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