The purpose of this paper is to examine in depth the nature and extent of identity work carried out by a PhD engineer involved in various phases of high tech university spin-out (USO) activity. The paper commences with a discussion, where firstly, it is established that the creation of a USO presents challenges to career development for engineering researchers which can hinder the spin-out process if not managed effectively. Secondly, it is argued that the purposeful construction of entrepreneurial identity may support successful career transformation and may therefore be a significant element in successful spin-out activity for engineering researchers. This paper goes on to examine these issues through a qualitative study of the identity and career issues in this case study. The maintenance of engineering identity is found to be most significant issue, though over time this becomes enriched through positive association with entrepreneurial growth. Recognising this career trajectory is useful to theorists of entrepreneurial identity and those involved in the practical support of USOs.
{"title":"The University Spin-out Process: Career Transformation through the Practice of Entrepreneurial Identity","authors":"L. Warren","doi":"10.3990/2.268628634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3990/2.268628634","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this paper is to examine in depth the nature and extent of identity work carried out by a PhD engineer involved in various phases of high tech university spin-out (USO) activity. The paper commences with a discussion, where firstly, it is established that the creation of a USO presents challenges to career development for engineering researchers which can hinder the spin-out process if not managed effectively. Secondly, it is argued that the purposeful construction of entrepreneurial identity may support successful career transformation and may therefore be a significant element in successful spin-out activity for engineering researchers. This paper goes on to examine these issues through a qualitative study of the identity and career issues in this case study. The maintenance of engineering identity is found to be most significant issue, though over time this becomes enriched through positive association with entrepreneurial growth. Recognising this career trajectory is useful to theorists of entrepreneurial identity and those involved in the practical support of USOs.","PeriodicalId":190289,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 14th Annual High Technology Small Firms Conference, HTSF 2006","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126336349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Role of Social Networks in Financing High Technology New Ventures","authors":"J. Heuven","doi":"10.3990/2.268618949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3990/2.268618949","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":190289,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 14th Annual High Technology Small Firms Conference, HTSF 2006","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130101968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The commercialisation of a very new technology involves a gradual co-evolution between a developmental technology and emerging markets. The manner in which high technology firms match their technology to market applications has not been described in detail. The firms face critical market application decisions, whilst market demand is difficult to identify and customer desires are not explicitly known. Therefore, this research aims to gain insight into the determinants of market application decisions in high technology small firms. First, this paper reviews literature on strategic decisions and success factors of commercialising new technologies in entrepreneurial firms. Subsequently, the novel and current case of fuel cell technology is examined in an empirical case study of four fuel cell firms. The findings suggest that experience with product and market applications as well as a firm’s supply chain position are determinant for the selection of market applications. Further research may contribute to understanding of firm experience as a source of competitive advantage.
{"title":"Technology-Market Matching in High Technology Small Firms","authors":"H. Hellman, C. Boks","doi":"10.3990/2.268628472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3990/2.268628472","url":null,"abstract":"The commercialisation of a very new technology involves a gradual co-evolution \u0000between a developmental technology and emerging markets. The manner in which high technology firms match their technology to market applications has not been described in detail. The firms face critical market application decisions, whilst market demand is difficult to identify and customer desires are not explicitly known. Therefore, this research aims to gain insight into the determinants of market application decisions in high technology small firms. First, this paper reviews literature on strategic decisions and success factors of commercialising new technologies in entrepreneurial firms. Subsequently, the novel and current case of fuel cell technology is examined in an empirical case study of four fuel cell firms. The findings suggest that experience with product and market applications as well as a firm’s supply chain position are determinant for the selection of market applications. Further research may contribute to understanding of firm experience as a source of competitive advantage.","PeriodicalId":190289,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 14th Annual High Technology Small Firms Conference, HTSF 2006","volume":"142 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121416462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Using Knowledge Management to gain Competitive Advantage in the Textile and Apparel Value Chain: A Comparison Small and Large Firms","authors":"Paula Danskin-Englis","doi":"10.3990/2.268628756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3990/2.268628756","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":190289,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 14th Annual High Technology Small Firms Conference, HTSF 2006","volume":"113 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120848819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recent research has shown that the degree of strategic planning within a company has a significant impact on performance of HTSFs. However, external operating environmental threats are often ignored or at best marginalized by firms, often leading to a negative impact on corporate performance. This paper develops and tests a methodology using a number of characteristic footprints to represent the emphasis on strategic planning, financial performance and the observance of external threats from the operating environment. The footprints are used to assess the link between the variables and overall corporate performance. The paper uses a new approach to multi-variate analysis based on the conditional formatting of spreadsheets and the use of nested logical operators for complex comprehension as well as established statistical techniques. The findings indicate that the degree of awareness of external environmental threats is associated with the degree of emphasis on the strategic planning process. The findings also show that strategic planning is positively linked to overall corporate performance.
{"title":"The Strategic Planning-Environment-Performance Relationship Re-visited in HTSFs","authors":"Nicholas O'Regan, M. Sims, D. Gallear","doi":"10.3990/2.268628280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3990/2.268628280","url":null,"abstract":"Recent research has shown that the degree of strategic planning within a company has a significant impact on performance of HTSFs. However, external operating environmental threats are often ignored or at best marginalized by \u0000firms, often leading to a negative impact on corporate performance. This paper develops and tests a methodology using a number of characteristic footprints to represent the emphasis on strategic planning, financial performance and the observance of external threats from the operating environment. The footprints are used to assess the link between the variables and overall corporate performance. The paper uses a new approach to multi-variate analysis based on \u0000the conditional formatting of spreadsheets and the use of nested logical operators for complex comprehension as well as established statistical techniques. The findings indicate that the degree of awareness of external environmental threats is associated with the degree of emphasis on the strategic planning process. The findings also show that strategic planning is positively linked to overall corporate performance.","PeriodicalId":190289,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 14th Annual High Technology Small Firms Conference, HTSF 2006","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116986943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The recent failure to deliver the Lisbon agenda has led to much soul-searching within Europe (cf. The Sapir Group, 2005). This failure has enlarged the gulf between the limited number of successful knowledge regions, and those regions for whom globalisation has brought further anxiety, job losses and economic restructuring. More recent Lisbon-inspired policies have therefore attempted to build linkages between successful ‘knowledge islands’ and other, outlying and peripheral places so all can exploit concentrations of European knowledge and innovativeness.
{"title":"Who builds 'Science Cities' and 'Knowledge Parks'? High technology firms mobilising heterogeneous commercialisation networks","authors":"P. Benneworth","doi":"10.3990/2.268629504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3990/2.268629504","url":null,"abstract":"The recent failure to deliver the Lisbon agenda has led to much soul-searching within Europe (cf. The Sapir Group, 2005). This failure has enlarged the gulf between the limited number of successful knowledge regions, and those regions for whom globalisation has brought further anxiety, job losses and economic restructuring. More recent Lisbon-inspired policies have therefore attempted to build linkages between successful ‘knowledge islands’ and other, outlying and peripheral places so all can exploit concentrations of European knowledge and innovativeness.","PeriodicalId":190289,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 14th Annual High Technology Small Firms Conference, HTSF 2006","volume":"132 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127565711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
One manifestation of our globalizing world is the emergence of start-ups that have an international focus from inception. The international activities of these firms, which are called ‘born globals” (Knight & Cavusgil, 1996), ‘infant multinationals’ (Lindqvist, 1991) or ‘international new ventures” (Oviatt & McDougall, 1994), have received an increasing amount of attention from researchers over the past years. These studies examine the characteristics of start-ups that have decided to internationalize almost directly after their creation, their motives for international expansion, the differences between international start-ups and non-international start-ups, and the entry modes they have used (Brouthers & Nakos, 2004). This study is focusing on the foreign entry mode choice of start-ups.
{"title":"What's the way? the foreign entry mode selection process of innovative and manufacturing-based start-ups","authors":"W. Hulsink, R. Eijk","doi":"10.3990/2.268629376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3990/2.268629376","url":null,"abstract":"One manifestation of our globalizing world is the emergence of start-ups that \u0000have an international focus from inception. The international activities of \u0000these firms, which are called ‘born globals” (Knight & Cavusgil, 1996), ‘infant \u0000multinationals’ (Lindqvist, 1991) or ‘international new ventures” (Oviatt & \u0000McDougall, 1994), have received an increasing amount of attention from \u0000researchers over the past years. These studies examine the characteristics of \u0000start-ups that have decided to internationalize almost directly after their \u0000creation, their motives for international expansion, the differences between \u0000international start-ups and non-international start-ups, and the entry modes \u0000they have used (Brouthers & Nakos, 2004). This study is focusing on the foreign entry mode choice of start-ups.","PeriodicalId":190289,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 14th Annual High Technology Small Firms Conference, HTSF 2006","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116704679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper proposes a methodology for the identification and evaluation of Internet-based strategies and examines the role of the Internet as element of the strategic planning of Small and Medium Businesses (SMBs) from a variety of Dutch industrial sectors. The study has an explorative character and is based on empirical data; it reveals the degree of acceptance and integration of the Web into the strategic plans by assessing management attitudes in three categories of factors delineating the online strategy. The findings suggest that while managers appreciate the importance of the Internet as essential component of their business setting, Web-based commerce does not seem to have become an integral part of corporate strategy by this category of businesses; limited strategic commitment and cautious attitudes in adopting technology as an important strategic option are for all intents and purposes preventing SMBs from fully utilizing the potential of the virtual marketplace.
{"title":"The importance of Internet as a strategic Management Tool: A study of Dutch SMEs","authors":"Efthymios Constantinides","doi":"10.3990/2.268629828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3990/2.268629828","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a methodology for the identification and evaluation of Internet-based strategies and examines the role of the Internet as element of the strategic planning of Small and Medium Businesses (SMBs) from a variety of Dutch industrial sectors. The study has an explorative character and is based on empirical data; it reveals the degree of acceptance and integration of the Web into the strategic plans by assessing management attitudes in three categories of factors delineating the online strategy. The findings suggest that while managers appreciate the importance of the Internet as essential component of their business setting, Web-based commerce does not seem to have become an integral part of corporate strategy by this category of businesses; limited strategic commitment and cautious attitudes in adopting technology as an important strategic option are for all intents and purposes preventing SMBs from fully utilizing the potential of the virtual marketplace.","PeriodicalId":190289,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 14th Annual High Technology Small Firms Conference, HTSF 2006","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126256995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Innovation, in particular ICT-enabled innovation, often failed as a result of a mismatch between technology developers and end users in the market and industry. Therefore the Dutch government established public private partnerships, so called Leading Technological Institutes, to bridge the gap between science and market. In this paper we focus on one of these institutes, Telematica Instituut which addresses ICT-enabled innovation. The institute’s innovation model combines virtues of the Open Innovation model advocated by Chesbrough and the Mode 2 innovation model proposed by Nowotny and colleagues. Increasingly the institute engages SMEs in its research projects as innovation agents. The Integrated Log Family initiative serves as an interesting example. This open source project engages SMEs in the healthcare and sports into content management solutions. This application domain normally suffers from a “technology push” image and collaboration and co-development around open source help to break down those walls. Leading Technology Institutes, and other public private innovation initiatives alike, must shift focus from centralised toward networked system integration, involving SMEs as innovation agents. Open source projects can be an effective instrument to attract SMEs and to realise impact through open innovation.
{"title":"Telematica Instituut and Open Innovation – new perspectives for engagement of SMEs in knowledge production and dissemination","authors":"B. Kokkeler, H. Poot","doi":"10.3990/2.268628535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3990/2.268628535","url":null,"abstract":"Innovation, in particular ICT-enabled innovation, often failed as a result of a mismatch between technology developers and end users in the market and industry. Therefore the Dutch government established public private partnerships, so called Leading Technological Institutes, to bridge the gap between science and market. In this paper we focus on one of these institutes, Telematica Instituut which addresses ICT-enabled innovation. The institute’s innovation model combines virtues of the Open Innovation model advocated by Chesbrough and the Mode 2 innovation model proposed by Nowotny and colleagues. Increasingly the institute engages SMEs in its research projects as innovation agents. The Integrated Log Family initiative serves as an interesting example. This open source project engages SMEs in the healthcare and sports into content management solutions. This application domain normally suffers from a “technology push” image and collaboration and co-development around open source help to break down those walls. Leading Technology Institutes, and other public private innovation initiatives alike, must shift focus from centralised toward networked system integration, involving SMEs as innovation agents. Open source projects can be an effective instrument to attract SMEs and to realise impact through open innovation.","PeriodicalId":190289,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 14th Annual High Technology Small Firms Conference, HTSF 2006","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130683280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An article published in Newsweek in 1999 posed the following intriguing question: Can Extrapreneurship become a buzzword? Expectations at the time were high: the related concepts of ‘entrepreneurship’ (=starting one’s own company) and ‘intrapreneurship’ (=starting up new business activities within a larger company) had already become part and parcel of many management courses and MBA programmes, so why wouldn’t ‘extrapreneurship’ become equally popular? Extrapreneurship is associated above all with starting up a business from an existing (parent) company in the form of an independent spin-off (or sell-off, in the case of a complete sale), possibly supported and prepared by a strategic investor and/or incubator. These activities could be considered complementary to entrepreneurship and intrapreneurship.
{"title":"Venturing into the Entrepreneurial Unknown: on Entrepreneurship, Intrapreneurship and Extrapreneurship in the High-tech Industries","authors":"W. Hulsink, D. Manuel","doi":"10.3990/2.268629277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3990/2.268629277","url":null,"abstract":"An article published in Newsweek in 1999 posed the following intriguing question: Can Extrapreneurship become a buzzword? Expectations at the time were high: the related concepts of ‘entrepreneurship’ (=starting one’s own company) and ‘intrapreneurship’ (=starting up new business activities within a larger company) had already become part and parcel of many management courses and MBA programmes, so why wouldn’t ‘extrapreneurship’ become equally popular? Extrapreneurship is associated above all with starting up a business from an existing (parent) company in the form of an independent spin-off (or sell-off, in the case of a complete sale), possibly supported and prepared by a strategic investor and/or incubator. These activities could be considered complementary to entrepreneurship and intrapreneurship.","PeriodicalId":190289,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 14th Annual High Technology Small Firms Conference, HTSF 2006","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115406795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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