Pub Date : 2023-01-27DOI: 10.37275/nasetjournal.v3i2.35
I Putu Aris Eka Saputra, M. Sucipta, Hendra Wijaksana
A heat recovery system is a form of reuse of wasted heat energy as a water heater. The water heater is an effort to utilize heat from the work of the compressor without reducing the function of the air conditioner as a room cooler. This study aimed to evaluate the coefficient of performance between standard air conditioners and modified air conditioners with heat recovery systems using a helical-type heat exchanger with a distance of 0 cm between coils. This was an experimental study on a helical-type heat exchanger. Tests were carried out on standard split air conditioners and modified split air conditioners with heat exchangers. The independent variables in this study are variations of the helical type heat exchanger with a distance of 0 cm between the coil and variations in the air setting at the evaporator output. 16ºC, 20ºC and 24ºC. The dependent variable in this study is the coefficient of performance. The evaporator outlet air temperature setting of 16°C has the greatest heat recovery system value, and this is because the evaporator outlet air temperature setting of 16°C has the largest h2 value compared to other evaporator outlet air temperature settings. The greater the evaporator output air temperature setting, the greater the value of the resulting heat recovery system. In conclusion, the highest coefficient of performance is found at the evaporation exit temperature of 24ºC, and the variation in the distance between the coil is 0 cm. Meanwhile, the hottest water temperature is found in the evaporator air setting of 16ºC with a variation of the distance between the coil of 0 cm.
{"title":"Performance Evaluation of a Heat Recovery System Combined with a Helical-Type Heat Exchanger as a Water Heater","authors":"I Putu Aris Eka Saputra, M. Sucipta, Hendra Wijaksana","doi":"10.37275/nasetjournal.v3i2.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37275/nasetjournal.v3i2.35","url":null,"abstract":"A heat recovery system is a form of reuse of wasted heat energy as a water heater. The water heater is an effort to utilize heat from the work of the compressor without reducing the function of the air conditioner as a room cooler. This study aimed to evaluate the coefficient of performance between standard air conditioners and modified air conditioners with heat recovery systems using a helical-type heat exchanger with a distance of 0 cm between coils. This was an experimental study on a helical-type heat exchanger. Tests were carried out on standard split air conditioners and modified split air conditioners with heat exchangers. The independent variables in this study are variations of the helical type heat exchanger with a distance of 0 cm between the coil and variations in the air setting at the evaporator output. 16ºC, 20ºC and 24ºC. The dependent variable in this study is the coefficient of performance. The evaporator outlet air temperature setting of 16°C has the greatest heat recovery system value, and this is because the evaporator outlet air temperature setting of 16°C has the largest h2 value compared to other evaporator outlet air temperature settings. The greater the evaporator output air temperature setting, the greater the value of the resulting heat recovery system. In conclusion, the highest coefficient of performance is found at the evaporation exit temperature of 24ºC, and the variation in the distance between the coil is 0 cm. Meanwhile, the hottest water temperature is found in the evaporator air setting of 16ºC with a variation of the distance between the coil of 0 cm.","PeriodicalId":19046,"journal":{"name":"Natural Sciences Engineering and Technology Journal","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78139347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-27DOI: 10.37275/nasetjournal.v4i1.36
I Gede Arya Dimas Wisnu Murti Surawardana, M. Sucipta, Hendra Wijaksana
For some people, using warm water for bathing needs is a tertiary need because getting warm water requires additional costs. Generally, people/industry use water heaters that are sold in the market. These water heaters generally use electricity, solar power, or natural gas. This study aimed to evaluate the use of heat recovery systems as water heaters with variations in the number of passages. This research is an experimental study on a serpentine-type heat exchanger. Tests were carried out on standard split air conditioners and split air conditioners integrated with heat exchangers. The independent variables in this study were variations of the heat exchanger type serpentine with a length of 4 m, with each heat exchanger having a height of 20, 25, and 30 cm, with variations of 10, 12, and 14 passages and variations of evaporator output air settings 16ºC, 20ºC and 24ºC. The use of the evaporator outlet air temperature setting produces a different refrigeration effect value. The lower the evaporator output air temperature setting, the lower the resulting refrigeration effect value. The air temperature leaving the evaporator is 24ºC which results in a higher refrigeration effect value. This study showed the best heater performance at the evaporator air setting of 16ºC with a variation of 10 passages. In conclusion, the addition of a heat recovery system with serpentine-type heat exchanger variations 10 passages, 12 passages, 14 passages, and 24°C temperature loading variations, 20°C and 16°C on the evaporator burst will have an impact on decreasing the coefficient of performance on the split air conditioner system.
对一些人来说，使用温水洗澡是第三需要，因为获得温水需要额外的费用。一般来说，人们/工业使用市场上出售的热水器。这些热水器通常使用电力、太阳能或天然气。本研究的目的是评估使用的热回收系统作为热水器在通道数量的变化。本研究是对蛇纹石式换热器的实验研究。对标准分体式空调和带热交换器的分体式空调进行了试验。本研究的自变量为长度为4 m的蛇形换热器类型的变化，每个换热器的高度为20、25和30 cm, 10、12和14通道的变化以及蒸发器输出空气设置16ºC、20ºC和24ºC的变化。利用蒸发器出口空气温度的设定产生不同的制冷效果值。蒸发器输出空气温度设定越低，产生的制冷效果值越低。离开蒸发器的空气温度为24℃，制冷效果值更高。本研究表明，在蒸发器空气设置为16ºC时，加热器性能最佳，变化10次。综上所述，在分体式空调系统中增加蛇形换热器10通道、12通道、14通道以及温度负荷为24°C、20°C和16°C时，蒸发器爆裂对分体式空调系统性能系数的降低有影响。
{"title":"Evaluation of Serpentine-Type Heat Exchanger Application on Water Heater with Passages Number Variation","authors":"I Gede Arya Dimas Wisnu Murti Surawardana, M. Sucipta, Hendra Wijaksana","doi":"10.37275/nasetjournal.v4i1.36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37275/nasetjournal.v4i1.36","url":null,"abstract":"For some people, using warm water for bathing needs is a tertiary need because getting warm water requires additional costs. Generally, people/industry use water heaters that are sold in the market. These water heaters generally use electricity, solar power, or natural gas. This study aimed to evaluate the use of heat recovery systems as water heaters with variations in the number of passages. This research is an experimental study on a serpentine-type heat exchanger. Tests were carried out on standard split air conditioners and split air conditioners integrated with heat exchangers. The independent variables in this study were variations of the heat exchanger type serpentine with a length of 4 m, with each heat exchanger having a height of 20, 25, and 30 cm, with variations of 10, 12, and 14 passages and variations of evaporator output air settings 16ºC, 20ºC and 24ºC. The use of the evaporator outlet air temperature setting produces a different refrigeration effect value. The lower the evaporator output air temperature setting, the lower the resulting refrigeration effect value. The air temperature leaving the evaporator is 24ºC which results in a higher refrigeration effect value. This study showed the best heater performance at the evaporator air setting of 16ºC with a variation of 10 passages. In conclusion, the addition of a heat recovery system with serpentine-type heat exchanger variations 10 passages, 12 passages, 14 passages, and 24°C temperature loading variations, 20°C and 16°C on the evaporator burst will have an impact on decreasing the coefficient of performance on the split air conditioner system.","PeriodicalId":19046,"journal":{"name":"Natural Sciences Engineering and Technology Journal","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84253151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-31DOI: 10.37275/nasetjournal.v3i2.31
I Putu Gede Krisna Mahendra Putra, Hendra Wijaksana, Made Sucipta
The rapid development of the food storage industry in Indonesia, especially for basic ingredients, is very influential in the business world, such as the business of supplying food, fresh meat, and vegetables, all of which require a storage device that can maintain the freshness and quality of the food. These various products. One example of such a tool is cold storage. The increasing demand for food products makes suppliers have to meet the great demand for food by increasing the supply of products. With such conditions, many suppliers or owners of cold storage complain that the cooling performance of cold storage is not being achieved as needed. The effect of variations of the three expansion valves shows that the 2.8 TR expansion valve has cooled, whereas the 2.8 TR expansion valve has a higher refrigeration effect, and the compressor work on the 3.7 TR expansion valve and 4.4 TR expansion valve has a significant increase. This can be caused by the increased refrigerant flow so that the compressor makes a greater effort to compress the refrigerant, and from that, the system workability (COP) has decreased. The effect of the variation of the three expansion valves shows that the expansion valve 4.4 TR has a faster decrease in room temperature, where the initial room temperature is considered uniform. The 4.4 TR expansion valve opens the valve gap earlier, and the refrigerant flow that flows is greater when the engine is started so that heat is absorbed by the evaporator faster.
{"title":"The Effect of Variation in Expansion Valve Capacity on Cooling Performance in Cold Storage Machines","authors":"I Putu Gede Krisna Mahendra Putra, Hendra Wijaksana, Made Sucipta","doi":"10.37275/nasetjournal.v3i2.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37275/nasetjournal.v3i2.31","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid development of the food storage industry in Indonesia, especially for basic ingredients, is very influential in the business world, such as the business of supplying food, fresh meat, and vegetables, all of which require a storage device that can maintain the freshness and quality of the food. These various products. One example of such a tool is cold storage. The increasing demand for food products makes suppliers have to meet the great demand for food by increasing the supply of products. With such conditions, many suppliers or owners of cold storage complain that the cooling performance of cold storage is not being achieved as needed. The effect of variations of the three expansion valves shows that the 2.8 TR expansion valve has cooled, whereas the 2.8 TR expansion valve has a higher refrigeration effect, and the compressor work on the 3.7 TR expansion valve and 4.4 TR expansion valve has a significant increase. This can be caused by the increased refrigerant flow so that the compressor makes a greater effort to compress the refrigerant, and from that, the system workability (COP) has decreased. The effect of the variation of the three expansion valves shows that the expansion valve 4.4 TR has a faster decrease in room temperature, where the initial room temperature is considered uniform. The 4.4 TR expansion valve opens the valve gap earlier, and the refrigerant flow that flows is greater when the engine is started so that heat is absorbed by the evaporator faster.","PeriodicalId":19046,"journal":{"name":"Natural Sciences Engineering and Technology Journal","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90943458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-15DOI: 10.37275/nasetjournal.v3i2.30
Muhammad Raihan Dwi Wibowo, Cok Istri Putri Kusuma Kencanawati, I Putu Lokantara
Rice straw waste is often a problem for farmers because of the lack of utilization until finally, only burning is done. The use of rice straw for composites aims to increase the economy and maximize the potential of rice straw waste to be more useful in the industry. This research uses epoxy sikadur 52-id mixed hardener in the ratio (2:1) as a matrix, and rice straw fiber as reinforcement, with a fiber length of 3 cm. The composition of fiber and resin uses a volume fraction of 10% fiber: 90% resin, 20% fiber: 80% resin, and 30% fiber: 70% resin. Printing using acrylic prints with a hand lay-up technique. The size of the test specimen refers to ASTM D-3039 for the tensile test and ASTM D790-03 for the bending test. The greatest tensile voltage is found in the volume fraction of 30% fiber of 25,431 MPa. The highest strain occurred in the volume fraction of 30% fiber 1.779. The largest modulus of elasticity comes from the volume fraction of 30% fiber of 1,988 GPa. In the bending test, the largest tensile voltage is found in the volume fraction of 30% fiber, which is 93.260 MPa. The highest strain occurred at a 10% fiber volume fraction of 4.721. The largest modulus of elasticity comes from the volume fraction of 30% fiber which is 3.739 GPa. In both types of testing, it was found that the volume fraction of 30% fiber had the highest tensile and bending strength.
{"title":"The Effect of Volume Fraction Variations Epoxy-Rice Straw Composite Fibers with NaOH Treatment on Tensile and Bending Strength","authors":"Muhammad Raihan Dwi Wibowo, Cok Istri Putri Kusuma Kencanawati, I Putu Lokantara","doi":"10.37275/nasetjournal.v3i2.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37275/nasetjournal.v3i2.30","url":null,"abstract":"Rice straw waste is often a problem for farmers because of the lack of utilization until finally, only burning is done. The use of rice straw for composites aims to increase the economy and maximize the potential of rice straw waste to be more useful in the industry. This research uses epoxy sikadur 52-id mixed hardener in the ratio (2:1) as a matrix, and rice straw fiber as reinforcement, with a fiber length of 3 cm. The composition of fiber and resin uses a volume fraction of 10% fiber: 90% resin, 20% fiber: 80% resin, and 30% fiber: 70% resin. Printing using acrylic prints with a hand lay-up technique. The size of the test specimen refers to ASTM D-3039 for the tensile test and ASTM D790-03 for the bending test. The greatest tensile voltage is found in the volume fraction of 30% fiber of 25,431 MPa. The highest strain occurred in the volume fraction of 30% fiber 1.779. The largest modulus of elasticity comes from the volume fraction of 30% fiber of 1,988 GPa. In the bending test, the largest tensile voltage is found in the volume fraction of 30% fiber, which is 93.260 MPa. The highest strain occurred at a 10% fiber volume fraction of 4.721. The largest modulus of elasticity comes from the volume fraction of 30% fiber which is 3.739 GPa. In both types of testing, it was found that the volume fraction of 30% fiber had the highest tensile and bending strength.","PeriodicalId":19046,"journal":{"name":"Natural Sciences Engineering and Technology Journal","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76828558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-22DOI: 10.37275/nasetjournal.v3i2.29
Gendis Purno Yudanti, Ilham Kuncahyo, Endang Diyah Ikasari
Naringenin is the main flavanone in grapefruit which has anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, hepatoprotective and antilipid peroxidation effects. Its low solubility in water causes dissolution and low bioavailability when taken orally. This study aims to increase the solubility and bioavailability of naringenin by using the SNEDDS technique. Initial characterization to determine the optimum formula was carried out using the D-optimal mixture design method, namely by optimizing the composition of SNEDDS which consisted of triacetin as the oil phase, tween 80 as surfactant and transcutol P as cosurfactant as an independent factor and SNEDDS characterization included emulsification time, drug loading, size globules and percent transmittance in response. The optimization results showed that the optimum formula was obtained at the composition of 10% triacetin, 70% tween 80 and 20% transcutol P. The dissolution test showed that the SNEDDS of naringenin was capable of dissolution (Q30) of 87,50% ±1,73 at the 30th minute and the f2 value of 28,93 so it can be concluded that the dissolution profile between the SNEDDS of naringenin and the naringenin capsules is not identical.
{"title":"In vitro Naringenin SNEDDS Release Test by Dissolution","authors":"Gendis Purno Yudanti, Ilham Kuncahyo, Endang Diyah Ikasari","doi":"10.37275/nasetjournal.v3i2.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37275/nasetjournal.v3i2.29","url":null,"abstract":"Naringenin is the main flavanone in grapefruit which has anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, hepatoprotective and antilipid peroxidation effects. Its low solubility in water causes dissolution and low bioavailability when taken orally. This study aims to increase the solubility and bioavailability of naringenin by using the SNEDDS technique. Initial characterization to determine the optimum formula was carried out using the D-optimal mixture design method, namely by optimizing the composition of SNEDDS which consisted of triacetin as the oil phase, tween 80 as surfactant and transcutol P as cosurfactant as an independent factor and SNEDDS characterization included emulsification time, drug loading, size globules and percent transmittance in response. The optimization results showed that the optimum formula was obtained at the composition of 10% triacetin, 70% tween 80 and 20% transcutol P. The dissolution test showed that the SNEDDS of naringenin was capable of dissolution (Q30) of 87,50% ±1,73 at the 30th minute and the f2 value of 28,93 so it can be concluded that the dissolution profile between the SNEDDS of naringenin and the naringenin capsules is not identical. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":19046,"journal":{"name":"Natural Sciences Engineering and Technology Journal","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87479183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-31DOI: 10.37275/nasetjournal.v3i1.28
Edi Indera
The structural planning of the Bunda Halimah Hospital Universitas Batam uses steel frame construction, planning includes calculating the load acting on the structure, namely in the form of dead loads, living loads, not taking into account earthquake loads. The height of the column in the planning of the Structure of the Bunda Halimah Hospital, is as high as 23.5 m. The process of analyzing the planning of building structures using the ETABS program. Guided by the Indonesian Steel Building Loading Regulations 1984 and SNI steel, to analyze the calculation of the dimensions of columns, beams and plates. The results of the loading calculation based on the Indonesian Steel Building Planning Regulations of 1984 were obtained for this building using WF 250x250x9x14kg/m child beams, WF Main Beams 300x300x10x15kg/m, WF building columns 350x350x12x19 kg/m, and using concrete plates for roofs with a thickness of 100 mm of D8 – 200 mm reinforcement and concrete plates for floors with a thickness of 120 mm of D8 - 200 mm reinforcement.
{"title":"The Structural Planning of Bunda Halimah Hospital Universitas Batam Using Steel Frame Construction","authors":"Edi Indera","doi":"10.37275/nasetjournal.v3i1.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37275/nasetjournal.v3i1.28","url":null,"abstract":"The structural planning of the Bunda Halimah Hospital Universitas Batam uses steel frame construction, planning includes calculating the load acting on the structure, namely in the form of dead loads, living loads, not taking into account earthquake loads. The height of the column in the planning of the Structure of the Bunda Halimah Hospital, is as high as 23.5 m. The process of analyzing the planning of building structures using the ETABS program. Guided by the Indonesian Steel Building Loading Regulations 1984 and SNI steel, to analyze the calculation of the dimensions of columns, beams and plates. The results of the loading calculation based on the Indonesian Steel Building Planning Regulations of 1984 were obtained for this building using WF 250x250x9x14kg/m child beams, WF Main Beams 300x300x10x15kg/m, WF building columns 350x350x12x19 kg/m, and using concrete plates for roofs with a thickness of 100 mm of D8 – 200 mm reinforcement and concrete plates for floors with a thickness of 120 mm of D8 - 200 mm reinforcement. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":19046,"journal":{"name":"Natural Sciences Engineering and Technology Journal","volume":"240 9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77795498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-27DOI: 10.37275/nasetjournal.v3i1.27
I. M. F. Arya Putra, Hendra Wijaksana, I Gede Teddy Prananda Surya
The increased growth in the building sector, especially in big cities, has triggered an increase in the need for electrical energy for cooling systems, most of which use compressor-based cooling systems. Direct Evaporative Cooling (DEC) is evaporative that produces cooling by utilizing the latent heat of evaporation of water on the wet surface of the pad material. The pad material must be sufficiently porous to allow the free flow of air through it and must have a large enough wet surface area. This study used carbonized and activated bamboo Betung as a material for the DEC system. The research was conducted to obtain the permeability characteristics of the carbonized bamboo pad material at various temperatures of 400oC, 500oC 600oC, 700oC, and 800oC and then activated at a temperature of 600oC with a holding time of 60 minutes. Based on the results of the research on the permeability characteristics of bamboo Betung activated carbon material, which was carbonized at a temperature of 400oC and activated at a temperature of 600oC with a holding time of 60 minutes (ABR 400) had the highest permeability of 13.6 x 10-15 m2. Meanwhile, the lowest permeability was produced by bamboo Betung material which was carbonized at a temperature of 800oC and activated at an activation temperature of 600oC with a holding time of 60 minutes (ABR 800) which is only 0.56x10-15 m2.
{"title":"Experimental Study of Permeability Characteristics of Bamboo Betung Activated Carbon as Alternative Pad Material for Direct Evaporative Cooling System","authors":"I. M. F. Arya Putra, Hendra Wijaksana, I Gede Teddy Prananda Surya","doi":"10.37275/nasetjournal.v3i1.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37275/nasetjournal.v3i1.27","url":null,"abstract":"The increased growth in the building sector, especially in big cities, has triggered an increase in the need for electrical energy for cooling systems, most of which use compressor-based cooling systems. Direct Evaporative Cooling (DEC) is evaporative that produces cooling by utilizing the latent heat of evaporation of water on the wet surface of the pad material. The pad material must be sufficiently porous to allow the free flow of air through it and must have a large enough wet surface area. This study used carbonized and activated bamboo Betung as a material for the DEC system. The research was conducted to obtain the permeability characteristics of the carbonized bamboo pad material at various temperatures of 400oC, 500oC 600oC, 700oC, and 800oC and then activated at a temperature of 600oC with a holding time of 60 minutes. Based on the results of the research on the permeability characteristics of bamboo Betung activated carbon material, which was carbonized at a temperature of 400oC and activated at a temperature of 600oC with a holding time of 60 minutes (ABR 400) had the highest permeability of 13.6 x 10-15 m2. Meanwhile, the lowest permeability was produced by bamboo Betung material which was carbonized at a temperature of 800oC and activated at an activation temperature of 600oC with a holding time of 60 minutes (ABR 800) which is only 0.56x10-15 m2.","PeriodicalId":19046,"journal":{"name":"Natural Sciences Engineering and Technology Journal","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86481021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-27DOI: 10.37275/nasetjournal.v3i1.26
I. G. Kartana, Anak Agung Adhi Suryanwan, I Gusti Ketut Sukadana
Flow across the airfoil can cause drag and lift forces. The difference in pressure between the top and bottom surfaces of the airfoil creates a force that is perpendicular to the flow of fluid, and this force is called the lift force, and parallel to the flow is called the drag force. The author conducted research on simulating airflow patterns across the airfoil with maximum thickness variations. In this research, the simulation method is CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamic) using ANSYS Fluent software. The solution or solver method used in this simulation is the SIMPLE (Semi Implicit Method for Pressure Linked Equation) scheme. The flow pattern is shown by the streamline formed on the symmetric airfoil for α=0°, which will be symmetric, as well as the separation on the two sides, both the upper and lower sides. In contrast to the chambered airfoil, flow separation occurs only on the upper side. This indicates that there will be a pressure difference on the upper side and lower side so that the lift force can occur even though α=0°, because the lower side shows the pressure side. The greater the maximum thickness, the faster flow separation occurs. Then the higher the velocity value, the flow separation will be delayed due to an increase in the momentum of the working fluid flow, which overcomes the shear stress that occurs. At the angle of attack α=0°, the greater the maximum thickness of the chambered airfoil produces a greater lift force, while the symmetric airfoil does not produce lift.
{"title":"Simulation of Airflow Patterns and Aerodynamic Forces on a Chambered Airfoil and Symmetric Airfoil with Maximum Thickness Variation","authors":"I. G. Kartana, Anak Agung Adhi Suryanwan, I Gusti Ketut Sukadana","doi":"10.37275/nasetjournal.v3i1.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37275/nasetjournal.v3i1.26","url":null,"abstract":"Flow across the airfoil can cause drag and lift forces. The difference in pressure between the top and bottom surfaces of the airfoil creates a force that is perpendicular to the flow of fluid, and this force is called the lift force, and parallel to the flow is called the drag force. The author conducted research on simulating airflow patterns across the airfoil with maximum thickness variations. In this research, the simulation method is CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamic) using ANSYS Fluent software. The solution or solver method used in this simulation is the SIMPLE (Semi Implicit Method for Pressure Linked Equation) scheme. The flow pattern is shown by the streamline formed on the symmetric airfoil for α=0°, which will be symmetric, as well as the separation on the two sides, both the upper and lower sides. In contrast to the chambered airfoil, flow separation occurs only on the upper side. This indicates that there will be a pressure difference on the upper side and lower side so that the lift force can occur even though α=0°, because the lower side shows the pressure side. The greater the maximum thickness, the faster flow separation occurs. Then the higher the velocity value, the flow separation will be delayed due to an increase in the momentum of the working fluid flow, which overcomes the shear stress that occurs. At the angle of attack α=0°, the greater the maximum thickness of the chambered airfoil produces a greater lift force, while the symmetric airfoil does not produce lift.","PeriodicalId":19046,"journal":{"name":"Natural Sciences Engineering and Technology Journal","volume":"79 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81488979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-24DOI: 10.37275/nasetjournal.v3i1.25
Yanulia Handayani, Iswandi, Supriyadi
Sulfonamides and tetracyclines are a group of synthetic antibacterials that are widely used in veterinary practice for the treatment and prevention of infections in animals that can be consumed by humans. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimum conditions for High-Performance Liquid Chromatography for simultaneous analysis of sulfadiazine, sulfamethoxazole, and tetracycline and meet the validation requirements. The research method used is the HPLC method. The instruments used are Agilent 1220 Infinity II low-pressure dual-channel gradient valve, variable wavelength detector (VWD) BI detector, the column used is Agilent 5 TC-C18 (250 x 4.6 mm), motion phase A = acetic acid 0.08%: acetonitrile (9:1) and motion phase B = methanol with a flow rate gradient of 0.5 mL/minute and UV-VIS detector at wavelength 295 hm. The results showed that the method of determining the levels of sulfadiazine, sulfamethoxazole, and tetracycline met the requirements of selectivity, accuracy, precision, linearity, LOD, and LOQ and could be applied to fish samples. The accuracy parameter test obtained recovery results between 96.99%-103.16% at all sample concentration levels of 80%, 100%, and 120%. Testing the precision parameters showed that all sample concentrations were 100% repeated for 6 times replications, fulfilling the precision requirements, namely, the concentration of ≥10 ppm was < 7.3%. The linearity test showed that the correlation coefficient of sulfadiazine was 0.999, sulfamethoxazole was 0.999, and tetracycline was 0.998. LOD and LOQ values of sulfadiazine 1.15 ppm and 3.84 ppm, sulfamethoxazole LOD 2.51 ppm and LOQ 8.37 ppm, and tetracycline LOD 3.37 ppm and LOQ 11.22 ppm. Applications to fish samples were carried out by addition and obtained levels of 14.79 ppm sulfadiazine, 14.01 ppm sulfamethoxazole, and 45.05 ppm tetracycline.
{"title":"Development of a Simultaneous Sulfadiazine, Sulfamethoxazole, and Tetracycline Antibiotic Level Determination Method with High-Performance Liquid Chromatography","authors":"Yanulia Handayani, Iswandi, Supriyadi","doi":"10.37275/nasetjournal.v3i1.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37275/nasetjournal.v3i1.25","url":null,"abstract":"Sulfonamides and tetracyclines are a group of synthetic antibacterials that are widely used in veterinary practice for the treatment and prevention of infections in animals that can be consumed by humans. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimum conditions for High-Performance Liquid Chromatography for simultaneous analysis of sulfadiazine, sulfamethoxazole, and tetracycline and meet the validation requirements. The research method used is the HPLC method. The instruments used are Agilent 1220 Infinity II low-pressure dual-channel gradient valve, variable wavelength detector (VWD) BI detector, the column used is Agilent 5 TC-C18 (250 x 4.6 mm), motion phase A = acetic acid 0.08%: acetonitrile (9:1) and motion phase B = methanol with a flow rate gradient of 0.5 mL/minute and UV-VIS detector at wavelength 295 hm. The results showed that the method of determining the levels of sulfadiazine, sulfamethoxazole, and tetracycline met the requirements of selectivity, accuracy, precision, linearity, LOD, and LOQ and could be applied to fish samples. The accuracy parameter test obtained recovery results between 96.99%-103.16% at all sample concentration levels of 80%, 100%, and 120%. Testing the precision parameters showed that all sample concentrations were 100% repeated for 6 times replications, fulfilling the precision requirements, namely, the concentration of ≥10 ppm was < 7.3%. The linearity test showed that the correlation coefficient of sulfadiazine was 0.999, sulfamethoxazole was 0.999, and tetracycline was 0.998. LOD and LOQ values of sulfadiazine 1.15 ppm and 3.84 ppm, sulfamethoxazole LOD 2.51 ppm and LOQ 8.37 ppm, and tetracycline LOD 3.37 ppm and LOQ 11.22 ppm. Applications to fish samples were carried out by addition and obtained levels of 14.79 ppm sulfadiazine, 14.01 ppm sulfamethoxazole, and 45.05 ppm tetracycline. ","PeriodicalId":19046,"journal":{"name":"Natural Sciences Engineering and Technology Journal","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91158026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-29DOI: 10.37275/nasetjournal.v2i2.21
Muhimmatul Khoiriyah, Jason Merari Perangirangin, Ilham Kuncahyo
Fenofibrate is a drug that can be used to treat hyperlipidemia where the drug is included in the category of Biopharmaceutical classification system II with poor solubility and high permeability. This causes the need to improve the drug delivery system (DDS) made using the solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN) method. SLN fenofibrate can be made using the high shear homogenization method by determining the formula using Factorial 22 Design Expert 12. The formula is made with a concentration of 0.31-1.25% GMS and 1.25-2% Tween-40, then SLN fenofibrate is made by mixing all ingredients until an emulsion is formed and continued with the SLN critical parameter test. From the test results, the critical parameters of SLN fenofibrate for the particle size of 8 formulas 490; 561; 601; 697; 916; 1040; 1818, and 2410 nm. The results obtained for the polydispersity index, respectively, were 0.02; 0.04; 0.08; 0.30; 0.35; 0.48; 0.51, and 0.65. The zeta potential value of the 8 formulas obtained successive values of 2.8; 3.5; 4.2; 4.8; 5.5; 5.8; 8.1, and 8.8 mV. Calculation of the efficiency of the SLN fenofibrate drug obtained successive values of 77.23; 78.53; 79.51; 80.47; 81.17; 87.38; 87.39, and 87.82%. The SLN method can improve drugs that are included in the Biopharmaceutical classification system class II category with the distribution of test results in the particle size range, and the adsorbed drug is more than 70%.
{"title":"Fenofibrate Characterization of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles Using the High Shear Homogenization Method","authors":"Muhimmatul Khoiriyah, Jason Merari Perangirangin, Ilham Kuncahyo","doi":"10.37275/nasetjournal.v2i2.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37275/nasetjournal.v2i2.21","url":null,"abstract":"Fenofibrate is a drug that can be used to treat hyperlipidemia where the drug is included in the category of Biopharmaceutical classification system II with poor solubility and high permeability. This causes the need to improve the drug delivery system (DDS) made using the solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN) method. SLN fenofibrate can be made using the high shear homogenization method by determining the formula using Factorial 22 Design Expert 12. The formula is made with a concentration of 0.31-1.25% GMS and 1.25-2% Tween-40, then SLN fenofibrate is made by mixing all ingredients until an emulsion is formed and continued with the SLN critical parameter test. From the test results, the critical parameters of SLN fenofibrate for the particle size of 8 formulas 490; 561; 601; 697; 916; 1040; 1818, and 2410 nm. The results obtained for the polydispersity index, respectively, were 0.02; 0.04; 0.08; 0.30; 0.35; 0.48; 0.51, and 0.65. The zeta potential value of the 8 formulas obtained successive values of 2.8; 3.5; 4.2; 4.8; 5.5; 5.8; 8.1, and 8.8 mV. Calculation of the efficiency of the SLN fenofibrate drug obtained successive values of 77.23; 78.53; 79.51; 80.47; 81.17; 87.38; 87.39, and 87.82%. The SLN method can improve drugs that are included in the Biopharmaceutical classification system class II category with the distribution of test results in the particle size range, and the adsorbed drug is more than 70%.","PeriodicalId":19046,"journal":{"name":"Natural Sciences Engineering and Technology Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84604385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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