Journal of Diabetes Investigation最新文献

We aimed to compare the effects of cardiovascular disease risk in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes on sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2Is) or metformin. This retrospective, real-world cohort study was carried out using a claims database and propensity score matching; 58,402 eligible patients (29,201 per group) were included. The outcomes included nonfatal myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, nonfatal stroke, hospitalization for heart failure and composite end-points. The hazard ratio (HR) for the composite end-point was 0.79, which was lower for SGLT2Is than for metformin. For male patients (HR 0.76), patients aged <65 years (HR 0.94), patients aged ≥75 years (HR 0.78) and patients with body mass index ≥25 kg/m² (HR 0.76), the HRs for the composite end-point were significantly lower in the SGLT2I group than in the metformin group. SGLT2Is might be superior to metformin in reducing the composite risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Needle phobia is a specific phobia classified as an anxiety disorder in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5, and can be a serious problem for patients requiring insulin injections. However, there have been few reports to date on the management of adults with diabetes and needle phobia. We here report a case of a woman with pancreatic diabetes who developed needle phobia and could no longer perform self-injections. She started to use a sensor-augmented pump (SAP), and was able to perform a puncture for the insulin pump and the continuous glucose monitoring sensor by herself. The SAP treatment achieved self-management, better glycemic control, and high treatment satisfaction quantified using the Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire in this patient. Our case suggests the therapeutic potential of SAP in adults with needle phobia and diabetes requiring insulin therapy.

Impaired insulin secretion from pancreatic islet β-cells is a major cause of metabolic dysregulation and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Complete transcriptomic characterization of islets in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus has yet to be completed, and it remains challenging to link insulin secretion dysfunction with precise changes in gene expression. There are several ongoing initiatives aimed at enabling the discovery of regulatory molecules that might contribute to insulin secretion dysfunction and whole-body glucose homeostasis impairment. In one such line of research, Bacos et al.¹ obtained evidence suggesting that the gene PAX5 might play an important role in impaired insulin secretion in human islets (Figure 1).

Given the established differences between mouse and human islets, type 2 diabetes mellitus candidate genes that were identified in mice might not have the same regulative effects on human islets. There is an unmet need for powerful transcriptomic analyses that can be applied to human islets isolated from individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus and nondiabetic controls. Due to the difficulties associated with obtaining human islets, most human islet transcriptomic studies thus far have involved small cohorts and have lacked functional validation. Bacos et al.¹ generated a ribonucleic acid sequencing (RNA-Seq) resource bank from the large Lund University Diabetes Center pancreatic islet cohort. It is one of the largest existing type 2 diabetes mellitus human islet cohorts in existence, providing an extensive gene expression resource based on 309 islet preparations in total from individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus and nondiabetic controls. They then identified 395 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from the Lund University Diabetes Center cohort, and further performed some functional validation of DEGs in vitro.

The utility of transcriptomic resources can be affirmed by robust replication of DEGs across studies and databases. To date, few DEG replication studies in type 2 diabetes mellitus human islets have been reported, and the various studies in the literature showing replication have been relatively small, including the work by Bacos et al.¹ Unsurprisingly, the variance in demographic and pathophysiological profiles among sample donors affects DEG overlap across study cohorts. There remains a need to analyze human islets from a more diverse donor pool, and larger cohorts to clarify whether islet gene expression differs among individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus in relation to demographic and pathophysiological variables. Another important factor affecting DEG overlap is the particular screen technology applied. RNA-Seq, microarray analysis and other screening technologies have been used to identify genes with altered expression in type 2 diabetes mellitus human islets, generating transcriptiona

The term laminopathies refers to a group of congenital diseases characterized by accelerated degeneration of human tissues. Mutations in LMNA, LMNB, ZMPSTE24, and other genes lead to structural and functional abnormalities associated with lamins. One subtype of laminopathy is the generalized lipodystrophy-associated progeroid syndrome (GLPS), which occurs in patients with heterozygous mutations of the LMNA gene c.29C>T(p.T10I). This paper reports the first case of GLPS in China and compares the clinical features of other GLPS patients with literature reports. A 16-year-old male patient was treated for diabetic ketoacidosis, presenting with premature aging appearance, systemic lipodystrophy, severe fatty liver, and decreased bone density. After peripheral blood DNA extraction and second-generation sequencing, a heterozygous mutation of exon 1 of the LMNA gene c.29C>T(p.T10I) was detected. This case of GLPS may provide a diagnostic and therapeutic basis for potential patients.

Diabetes mellitus is still expanding globally and is epidemic in developing countries. The combat of this plague has caused enormous economic and social burdens related to a lowered quality of life in people with diabetes. Despite recent significant improvements of life expectancy in patients with diabetes, there is still a need for efforts to elucidate the complexities and mechanisms of the disease processes to overcome this difficult disorder. To this end, the use of appropriate animal models in diabetes studies is invaluable for translation to humans and for the development of effective treatment. In this review, a variety of animal models of diabetes with spontaneous onset in particular will be introduced and discussed for their implication in diabetes research.

It is crucial to develop practical and noninvasive methods to assess the functional beta-cell mass in a donor pancreas, in which monitoring and precise evaluation is challenging. A patient with type 1 diabetes underwent noninvasive imaging following simultaneous kidney–pancreas transplantation with positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) using an exendin-based probe, [¹⁸F]FB(ePEG12)12-exendin-4. Following transplantation, PET imaging with [¹⁸F]FB(ePEG12)12-exendin-4 revealed simultaneous and distinct accumulations in the donor and native pancreases. The pancreases were outlined at a reasonable distance from the surrounding organs using [¹⁸F]FB(ePEG12)12-exendin-4 whole-body maximum intensity projection and axial PET images. At 1 and 2 h after [¹⁸F]FB(ePEG12)12-exendin-4 administration, the mean standardized uptake values were 2.96 and 3.08, respectively, in the donor pancreas and 1.97 and 2.25, respectively, in the native pancreas. [¹⁸F]FB(ePEG12)12-exendin-4 positron emission tomography imaging allowed repeatable and quantitative assessment of beta-cell mass following simultaneous kidney–pancreas transplantation.