Neural Plasticity最新文献

{"title":"BMRMI Reduces Depressive Rumination Possibly through Improving Abnormal FC of Dorsal ACC","authors":"Ming-hao Yang, Zhiqiang Guo, Xueyu Lv, Zhu-Qing Zhang, Wei-dong Wang, Jian Wang, L. Hong, Ying-Na Lin, ChunTing Liu","doi":"10.1155/2022/8068988","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/8068988","url":null,"abstract":"Rumination is a common symptom of major depressive disorder (MDD) and has been characterized as a vulnerability factor for the onset or recurrence of MDD. However, the neurobiological mechanisms underlying rumination and appropriate treatment strategies remain unclear. In the current study, we used resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate the effects of body-mind relaxation meditation induction (BMRMI) intervention in MDD with rumination. To this aim, we have recruited 25 MDD and 24 healthy controls (HCs). Changes in functional connectivity (FC) of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) subregion and the scores of clinical measurements were examined using correlation analysis. At baseline, MDD showed stronger FC between the right dorsal ACC (dACC) and right superior frontal gyrus than did the HC group. Compared to baseline, the HC group showed a significantly enhanced FC between the right dACC and right superior frontal gyrus, and the MDD group demonstrated a significantly weaker FC between the left dACC and right middle frontal gyrus (MFG) after the intervention. Furthermore, the FC between the right dACC and right superior frontal gyrus was positively associated with rumination scores across all participants at baseline. The above results indicate that BMRMI may regulate self-referential processing and cognitive function through modulating FC of the dACC in MDD with rumination.","PeriodicalId":19122,"journal":{"name":"Neural Plasticity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84567711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arterial Tortuosity and Its Correlation with White Matter Hyperintensities in Acute Ischemic Stroke","authors":"Ke Shang, Xiao Chen, Chang Cheng, Xiang Luo, Shabei Xu, Wei Wang, Chenchen Liu","doi":"10.1155/2022/4280410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/4280410","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction The association between arterial tortuosity and acute ischemic stroke (AIS) has been reported, but showing inconsistent results. We hypothesized that tortuosity of extra- and intracranial large arteries might be higher in AIS patients. Furthermore, we explored the correlation between artery tortuosity and white matter hyperintensity (WMH) severity in AIS patients. Methods 166 AIS patients identified as large artery atherosclerosis, and 83 control subjects were enrolled. All subjects received three-dimensional computed tomography angiography (CTA). Arterial tortuosity was evaluated using the tortuosity index. WMHs were evaluated using magnetic resonance imaging in all AIS patients. Results AIS patients showed significantly increased arterial tortuosity index relative to controls, including left carotid artery (CA) (p = 0.001), right CA (p < 0.001), left common carotid artery (CCA) (p < 0.001), right CCA (p < 0.001), left internal carotid artery (p = 0.001), right internal carotid artery (p = 0.01), left extracranial internal carotid artery (EICA) (p < 0.001), right EICA (p = 0.01), and vertebral artery dominance (VAD) (p = 0.001). The tortuosity of all above arteries was associated with the presence of AIS. AIS patients with moderate or severe WMHs had a higher tortuosity index in left CA (p = 0.005), left CCA (p = 0.003), left EICA (p = 0.07), and VAD (p = 0.001). In addition, the tortuosity of left EICA and VAD was associated with WMH severity in AIS patients. Conclusions Increased extra- and intracranial large arteries tortuosity is associated with AIS. The tortuosity of left carotid artery system and vertebral artery may be the independent risk factors for WMH severity in AIS patients. Clinical Trial Registration. This trial is registered with NCT03122002 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov).","PeriodicalId":19122,"journal":{"name":"Neural Plasticity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82878691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regional Alteration within the Cerebellum and the Reorganization of the Cerebrocerebellar System following Poststroke Aphasia","authors":"Xiaotong Zhang, Zhaocong Chen, Na Li, Jingfeng Liang, Y. Zou, Huixiang Wu, Z. Kang, Z. Dou, Weihong Qiu","doi":"10.1155/2022/3481423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/3481423","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, an increasing number of studies have highlighted the role of the cerebellum in language processing. However, the role of neural reorganization within the cerebellum as well as within the cerebrocerebellar system caused by poststroke aphasia remains unknown. To solve this problem, in the present study, we investigated regional alterations of the cerebellum as well as the functional reorganization of the cerebrocerebellar circuit by combining structural and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) techniques. Twenty patients diagnosed with aphasia following left-hemispheric stroke and 20 age-matched healthy controls (HCs) were recruited in this study. The Western Aphasia Battery (WAB) test was used to assess the participants' language ability. Gray matter volume, spontaneous brain activity, functional connectivity, and effective connectivity were examined in each participant. We discovered that gray matter volumes in right cerebellar lobule VI and right Crus I were significantly lower in the patient group, and the brain activity within these regions was significantly correlated with WAB scores. We also discovered decreased functional connectivity within the crossed cerebrocerebellar circuit, which was significantly correlated with WAB scores. Moreover, altered information flow between the cerebellum and the contralateral cerebrum was found. Together, our findings provide evidence for regional alterations within the cerebellum and the reorganization of the cerebrocerebellar system following poststroke aphasia and highlight the important role of the cerebellum in language processing within aphasic individuals after stroke.","PeriodicalId":19122,"journal":{"name":"Neural Plasticity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80437744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional Connectivity Changes in Multiple-Frequency Bands in Acute Basal Ganglia Ischemic Stroke Patients: A Machine Learning Approach.","authors":"Jie Li, Lulu Cheng, Shijian Chen, Jian Zhang, Dongqiang Liu, Zhijian Liang, Huayun Li","doi":"10.1155/2022/1560748","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2022/1560748","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Several functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have investigated the resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC) changes in the primary motor cortex (M1) in patients with acute basal ganglia ischemic stroke (BGIS). However, the frequency-specific FC changes of M1 in acute BGIS patients are still unclear. Our study was aimed at exploring the altered FC of M1 in three frequency bands and the potential features as biomarkers for the identification by using a support vector machine (SVM).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We included 28 acute BGIS patients and 42 healthy controls (HCs). Seed-based FC of two regions of interest (ROI, bilateral M1s) were calculated in conventional, slow-5, and slow-4 frequency bands. The abnormal voxel-wise FC values were defined as the features for SVM in different frequency bands.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the ipsilesional M1, the acute BGIS patients exhibited decreased FC with the right lingual gyrus in the conventional and slow-4 frequency band. Besides, the acute BGIS patients showed increased FC with the right medial superior frontal gyrus (SFGmed) in the conventional and slow-5 frequency band and decreased FC with the left lingual gyrus in the slow-5 frequency band. In the contralesional M1, the BGIS patients showed lower FC with the right SFGmed in the conventional frequency band. The higher FC values with the right lingual gyrus and left SFGmed were detected in the slow-4 frequency band. In the slow-5 frequency band, the BGIS patients showed decreased FC with the left calcarine sulcus. SVM results showed that the combined features (slow-4+slow-5) had the highest accuracy in classification prediction of acute BGIS patients, with an area under curve (AUC) of 0.86.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Acute BGIS patients had frequency-specific alterations in FC; SVM is a promising method for exploring these frequency-dependent FC alterations. The abnormal brain regions might be potential targets for future researchers in the rehabilitation and treatment of stroke patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":19122,"journal":{"name":"Neural Plasticity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8958111/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88611573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plasticity of the Central Nervous System Involving Peripheral Nerve Transfer","authors":"Jun Shen","doi":"10.1155/2022/5345269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/5345269","url":null,"abstract":"Peripheral nerve injury can lead to partial or complete loss of limb function, and nerve transfer is an effective surgical salvage for patients with these injuries. The inability of deprived cortical regions representing damaged nerves to overcome corresponding maladaptive plasticity after the reinnervation of muscle fibers and sensory receptors is thought to be correlated with lasting and unfavorable functional recovery. However, the concept of central nervous system plasticity is rarely elucidated in classical textbooks involving peripheral nerve injury, let alone peripheral nerve transfer. This article is aimed at providing a comprehensive understanding of central nervous system plasticity involving peripheral nerve injury by reviewing studies mainly in human or nonhuman primate and by highlighting the functional and structural modifications in the central nervous system after peripheral nerve transfer. Hopefully, it will help surgeons perform successful nerve transfer under the guidance of modern concepts in neuroplasticity.","PeriodicalId":19122,"journal":{"name":"Neural Plasticity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89330226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanisms of Surround Suppression Effect on the Contrast Sensitivity of V1 Neurons in Cats","authors":"Hao Yu, Fei Xu, Xiangmei Hu, Yanni Tu, Qiuyu Zhang, Zheng Ye, T. Hua","doi":"10.1155/2022/5677655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/5677655","url":null,"abstract":"Surround suppression (SS) is a phenomenon that a neuron's response to visual stimuli within the classical receptive field (cRF) is suppressed by a concurrent stimulation in the surrounding receptive field (sRF) beyond the cRF. Studies show that SS affects neuronal response contrast sensitivity in the primary visual cortex (V1). However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we examined SS effect on the contrast sensitivity of cats' V1 neurons with different preferred SFs using external noise-masked visual stimuli and perceptual template model (PTM) analysis at the system level. The contrast sensitivity was evaluated by the inverted threshold contrast of neurons in response to circular gratings of different contrasts in the cRF with or without an annular grating in the sRF. Our results showed that SS significantly reduced the contrast sensitivity of cats' V1 neurons. The SS-induced reduction of contrast sensitivity was not correlated with SS strength but was dependent on neuron's preferred SF, with a larger reduction for neurons with low preferred SFs than those with high preferred SFs. PTM analysis of threshold versus external noise contrast (TvC) functions indicated that SS decreased contrast sensitivity by increasing both the internal additive noise and impact of external noise for neurons with low preferred SFs, but improving only internal additive noise for neurons with high preferred SFs. Furthermore, the SS effect on the contrast-response function of low- and high-SF neurons also exhibited different mechanisms in contrast gain and response gain. Collectively, these results suggest that the mechanisms of SS effect on neuronal contrast sensitivity may depend on neuronal populations with different SFs.","PeriodicalId":19122,"journal":{"name":"Neural Plasticity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85669508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of the Biceps Brachii and Brachioradialis on Elbow Flexor Muscle Strength and Spasticity in Stroke Patients","authors":"Binbin Yu, Xintong Zhang, Yihui Cheng, Lingling Liu, YanJiang, Jiayue Wang, Xiao Lu","doi":"10.1155/2022/1295908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/1295908","url":null,"abstract":"Objective Muscle weakness and spasticity are common consequences of stroke, leading to a decrease in physical activity. The effective implementation of precision rehabilitation requires detailed rehabilitation evaluation. We aimed to analyze the surface electromyography (sEMG) signal features of elbow flexor muscle (biceps brachii and brachioradialis) spasticity in maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) and fast passive extension (FPE) in stroke patients and to explore the main muscle groups that affect the active movement and spasticity of the elbow flexor muscles to provide an objective reference for optimizing stroke rehabilitation. Methods Fifteen patients with elbow flexor spasticity after stroke were enrolled in this study. sEMG signals of the paretic and nonparetic elbow flexor muscles (biceps and brachioradialis) were detected during MVIC and FPE, and root mean square (RMS) values were calculated. The RMS values (mean and peak) of the biceps and brachioradialis were compared between the paretic and nonparetic sides. Additionally, the correlation between the manual muscle test (MMT) score and the RMS values (mean and peak) of the paretic elbow flexors during MVIC was analyzed, and the correlation between the modified Ashworth scale (MAS) score and the RMS values (mean and peak) of the paretic elbow flexors during FPE was analyzed. Results During MVIC exercise, the RMS values (mean and peak) of the biceps and brachioradialis on the paretic side were significantly lower than those on the nonparetic side (p < 0.01), and the RMS values (mean and peak) of the bilateral biceps were significantly higher than those of the brachioradialis (p < 0.01). The MMT score was positively correlated with the mean and peak RMS values of the paretic biceps and brachioradialis (r = 0.89, r = 0.91, r = 0.82, r = 0.85; p < 0.001). During FPE exercise, the RMS values (mean and peak) of the biceps and brachioradialis on the paretic side were significantly higher than those on the nonparetic side (p < 0.01), and the RMS values (mean and peak) of the brachioradialis on the paretic side were significantly higher than those of the biceps (p < 0.01). TheMAS score was positively correlated with the mean RMS of the paretic biceps and brachioradialis (r = 0.62, p = 0.021; r = 0.74, p = 0.004), and the MAS score was positively correlated with the peak RMS of the paretic brachioradialis (r = 0.59, p = 0.029) but had no significant correlation with the peak RMS of the paretic biceps (r = 0.49, p > 0.05). Conclusions The results confirm that the biceps is a vital muscle in active elbow flexion and that the brachioradialis plays an important role in elbow flexor spasticity, suggesting that the biceps should be the focus of muscle strength training of the elbow flexors and that the role of the brachioradialis should not be ignored in the treatment of elbow flexor spasticity. This study also confirmed the application value of sEMG in the objective assessment of individual","PeriodicalId":19122,"journal":{"name":"Neural Plasticity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90183998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progression in Time of Dentate Gyrus Granule Cell Layer Widening due to Excitotoxicity Occurs along In Vivo LTP Reinstatement and Contextual Fear Memory Recovery","authors":"Karina Hernández Mercado, Araceli Martínez Moreno, Luis Francisco Rodríguez Durán, M. Escobar, A. Zepeda","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-1344273/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1344273/v1","url":null,"abstract":"The dentate gyrus (DG) is the gateway of sensory information arriving from the perforant pathway (PP) to the hippocampus. The adequate integration of incoming information into the DG is paramount in the execution of hippocampal-dependent cognitive functions. An abnormal DG granule cell layer (GCL) widening due to granule cell dispersion has been reported under hyperexcitation conditions in animal models as well as in patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy, but also in patients with no apparent relation to epilepsy. Strikingly, it is unclear whether the presence and severity of GCL widening along time affect synaptic processing arising from the PP and alter the performance in hippocampal-mediated behaviors. To evaluate the above, we injected excitotoxic kainic acid (KA) unilaterally into the DG of mice and analyzed the evolution of GCL widening at 10 and 30 days post injection (dpi), while analyzing if KA-induced GCL widening affected in vivo long-term potentiation (LTP) in the PP-DG pathway, as well as the performance in learning and memory through contextual fear conditioning. Our results show that at 10 dpi, when a subtle GCL widening was observed, LTP induction, as well as contextual fear memory, were impaired. However, at 30 dpi when a pronounced increase in GCL widening was found, LTP induction and contextual fear memory were already reestablished. These results highlight the plastic potential of the DG to recover some of its functions despite a major structural alteration such as abnormal GCL widening.","PeriodicalId":19122,"journal":{"name":"Neural Plasticity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85590231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preferential Involvement of BRCA1/BARD1, Not Tip60/Fe65, in DNA Double-Strand Break Repair in Presenilin-1 P117L Alzheimer Models","authors":"Marcella M. Authiat, Emmanuelle Gruz-Gibelli, Julien Colas, E. Bianchi, Marta Garcia-Arauzo, P. Marin, F. Herrmann, A. Savioz","doi":"10.1155/2022/3172861","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/3172861","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, we showed that DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are increased by the Aβ42-amyloid peptide and decreased by all-trans retinoic acid (RA) in SH-SY5Y cells and C57BL/6J mice. The present work was aimed at investigating DSBs in cells and murine models of Alzheimer's disease carrying the preseniline-1 (PS1) P117L mutation. We observed that DSBs could hardly decrease following RA treatment in the mutated cells compared to the wild-type cells. The activation of the amyloidogenic pathway is proposed in the former case as Aβ42- and RA-dependent DSBs changes were reproduced by an α-secretase and a γ-secretase inhibitions, respectively. Unexpectedly, the PS1 P117L cells showed lower DSB levels than the controls. As the DSB repair proteins Tip60 and Fe65 were less expressed in the mutated cell nuclei, they do not appear to contribute to this difference. On the contrary, full-length BRCA1 and BARD1 proteins were significantly increased in the chromatin compartment of the mutated cells, suggesting that they decrease DSBs in the pathological situation. These Western blot data were corroborated by in situ proximity ligation assays: the numbers of BRCA1-BARD1, not of Fe65-Tip60 heterodimers, were increased only in the mutated cell nuclei. RA also enhanced the expression of BARD1 and of the 90 kDa BRCA1 isoform. The increased BRCA1 expression in the mutated cells can be related to the enhanced difficulty to inhibit this pathway by BRCA1 siRNA in these cells. Overall, our study suggests that at earlier stages of the disease, similarly to PS1 P117L cells, a compensatory mechanism exists that decreases DSB levels via an activation of the BRCA1/BARD1 pathway. This supports the importance of this pathway in neuroprotection against Alzheimer's disease.","PeriodicalId":19122,"journal":{"name":"Neural Plasticity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85382143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deficient Autophagy in Microglia Aggravates Repeated Social Defeat Stress-Induced Social Avoidance","authors":"Mai Sakai, Zhiqian Yu, Ryo Hirayama, Masaomi Nakasato, Yoshie Kikuchi, Chiaki Ono, H. Komatsu, M. Nakanishi, Hatsumi Yoshii, D. Stellwagen, T. Furuyashiki, M. Komatsu, Hiroaki Tomita","doi":"10.1155/2022/7503553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/7503553","url":null,"abstract":"Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with repeated exposure to environmental stress. Autophagy is activated under various stress conditions that are associated with several diseases in the brain. This study was aimed at elucidating the autophagy signaling changes in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) under repeated social defeat (RSD) to investigate the involvement of microglial autophagy in RSD-induced behavioral changes. We found that RSD stress, an animal model of MDD, significantly induced initial autophagic signals followed by increased transcription of autophagy-related genes (Atg6, Atg7, and Atg12) in the PFC. Similarly, significantly increased transcripts of ATGs (Atg6, Atg7, Atg12, and Atg5) were confirmed in the postmortem PFC of patients with MDD. The protein levels of the prefrontal cortical LC3B were significantly increased, whereas p62 was significantly decreased in the resilient but not in susceptible mice and patients with MDD. This indicates that enhanced autophagic flux may alleviate stress-induced depression. Furthermore, we identified that FKBP5, an early-stage autophagy regulator, was significantly increased in the PFC of resilient mice at the transcript and protein levels. In addition, the resilient mice exhibited enhanced autophagic flux in the prefrontal cortical microglia, and the autophagic deficiency in microglia aggravated RSD-induced social avoidance, indicating that microglial autophagy involves stress-induced behavioral changes.","PeriodicalId":19122,"journal":{"name":"Neural Plasticity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73053966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}