Pub Date : 2018-09-27DOI: 10.20517/2347-8659.2018.28
K. Ghosh, Ramesh Bhattacharya, Saikat Ghosh, M. Mahata, Sarbajit Das, Suman Das, G. Mondal
Aim: Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability. The proportion of patients receiving recombinant tissue plasminogen activator is low in our country. Biomarkers to identify patients at risk of severe disease, and guide treatment and prognosis would be valuable. This article aims to identify the factors that can independently prognosticate the acute phase of ischemic stroke. Methods: All patients with the first episode of ischemic stroke admitted to the Neurology Department between 1st December 2017 to 31st March 2018 were included in this pilot study. Stroke severity was evaluated using the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). Patients being admitted within 4.5 h of onset of symptoms were thrombolysed with injection alteplase. For each patient, 4 serum biomarkers (D-dimer, fibrinogen, C-reactive protein and neuron specific enolase) were evaluated at admission and 24 h later. Discharged patients were assessed on an outpatient basis using the modified Rankin scale. The study primarily aimed to identify the factors predicting the severity and outcome of stroke, and to evaluate the effect of thrombolysis on the outcome. The secondary aim was to evaluate the role of biomarkers to predict the unfavorable outcome and the chance of post thrombolysis hemor-
{"title":"Predictors of severity and outcome and roles of intravenous thrombolysis and biomarkers in first ischemic stroke","authors":"K. Ghosh, Ramesh Bhattacharya, Saikat Ghosh, M. Mahata, Sarbajit Das, Suman Das, G. Mondal","doi":"10.20517/2347-8659.2018.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/2347-8659.2018.28","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability. The proportion of patients receiving recombinant tissue plasminogen activator is low in our country. Biomarkers to identify patients at risk of severe disease, and guide treatment and prognosis would be valuable. This article aims to identify the factors that can independently prognosticate the acute phase of ischemic stroke. Methods: All patients with the first episode of ischemic stroke admitted to the Neurology Department between 1st December 2017 to 31st March 2018 were included in this pilot study. Stroke severity was evaluated using the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). Patients being admitted within 4.5 h of onset of symptoms were thrombolysed with injection alteplase. For each patient, 4 serum biomarkers (D-dimer, fibrinogen, C-reactive protein and neuron specific enolase) were evaluated at admission and 24 h later. Discharged patients were assessed on an outpatient basis using the modified Rankin scale. The study primarily aimed to identify the factors predicting the severity and outcome of stroke, and to evaluate the effect of thrombolysis on the outcome. The secondary aim was to evaluate the role of biomarkers to predict the unfavorable outcome and the chance of post thrombolysis hemor-","PeriodicalId":19129,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44542541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-25DOI: 10.20517/2347-8659.2018.45
M. H. Machfoed
{"title":"2018 Mental Health and Neurology Conference","authors":"M. H. Machfoed","doi":"10.20517/2347-8659.2018.45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/2347-8659.2018.45","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19129,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48352639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-20DOI: 10.20517/2347-8659.2018.42
C. D. Russo, N. Cappoli
Glioma associated microglia/macrophages (GAMs) constitute the largest proportion of glioma infiltrating cells, particularly in high grade tumors (i.e., glioblastoma). Once inside the tumors, GAMs usually acquire a specific phenotype of activation that favors tumor growth, angiogenesis and promotes the invasion of normal brain parenchyma. Therefore, treatments that limit or prevent GAMs’ recruitment at the tumor site or modulate their immune activation promoting antitumor activities are expected to exert beneficial effects in glioblastoma. In the present paper, we aim at the revision of pharmacological strategies that interfere with GAMs’ function and are currently proposed as an alternative/additional option to current approved cytotoxic regimens.
{"title":"Glioma associated microglia/macrophages, a potential pharmacological target to promote antitumor inflammatory immune response in the treatment of glioblastoma","authors":"C. D. Russo, N. Cappoli","doi":"10.20517/2347-8659.2018.42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/2347-8659.2018.42","url":null,"abstract":"Glioma associated microglia/macrophages (GAMs) constitute the largest proportion of glioma infiltrating cells, particularly in high grade tumors (i.e., glioblastoma). Once inside the tumors, GAMs usually acquire a specific phenotype of activation that favors tumor growth, angiogenesis and promotes the invasion of normal brain parenchyma. Therefore, treatments that limit or prevent GAMs’ recruitment at the tumor site or modulate their immune activation promoting antitumor activities are expected to exert beneficial effects in glioblastoma. In the present paper, we aim at the revision of pharmacological strategies that interfere with GAMs’ function and are currently proposed as an alternative/additional option to current approved cytotoxic regimens.","PeriodicalId":19129,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45145035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-06DOI: 10.20517/2347-8659.2018.54
Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation Editorial Office
{"title":"Erratum: Characteristics and predictive biomarkers of drug resistant epilepsy -- study in Georgia","authors":"Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation Editorial Office","doi":"10.20517/2347-8659.2018.54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/2347-8659.2018.54","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19129,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45010156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-30DOI: 10.20517/2347-8659.2018.13
Somnath Mondal, A. Datta, I. Hazra, Sk Md Omar Faruk, S. Moitra, S. Chaudhuri, Lakshyajeet Nath, P. Das, A. Basu, S. Tripathi, S. Chaudhuri
{"title":"The novel-molecule T11TS facilitated arousal of glioma-mediated dormancy of bone-marrow hematopoietic stem-cells","authors":"Somnath Mondal, A. Datta, I. Hazra, Sk Md Omar Faruk, S. Moitra, S. Chaudhuri, Lakshyajeet Nath, P. Das, A. Basu, S. Tripathi, S. Chaudhuri","doi":"10.20517/2347-8659.2018.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/2347-8659.2018.13","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19129,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44508169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-27DOI: 10.20517/2347-8659.2018.34
Alexsey V. Raevsky, M. Sharifi, V. Pinchuk, A. Klegeris
Aim: Alzheimer’s disease is characterized by pathological protein aggregates and microglia-driven chronic neuroinflammation. Cathepsin B has been proposed as the potential target for inhibiting adverse activation of microglia and slowing down this neurodegenerative disease. Currently available inhibitors of cathepsin B enzymatic activity are non-selective; therefore, the design and synthesis of novel specific inhibitors could facilitate the development of a new class of anti-Alzheimer medications targeting the neuroinflammatory component of this
{"title":"In silico design of novel gold-phosphate containing compounds as selective inhibitors of cathepsin B in neuroinflammation","authors":"Alexsey V. Raevsky, M. Sharifi, V. Pinchuk, A. Klegeris","doi":"10.20517/2347-8659.2018.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/2347-8659.2018.34","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: Alzheimer’s disease is characterized by pathological protein aggregates and microglia-driven chronic neuroinflammation. Cathepsin B has been proposed as the potential target for inhibiting adverse activation of microglia and slowing down this neurodegenerative disease. Currently available inhibitors of cathepsin B enzymatic activity are non-selective; therefore, the design and synthesis of novel specific inhibitors could facilitate the development of a new class of anti-Alzheimer medications targeting the neuroinflammatory component of this","PeriodicalId":19129,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42855884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-23DOI: 10.20517/2347-8659.2018.39
J. Niu, Junle Zhou, S. Lindebak, Fade Mahmoud
Brain metastasis (BM) is very common in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. The development of BM remains a serious complication associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The traditional approach has been largely focusing on local therapy with surgery and/or radiation. New approaches to treat BM in NSCLC are urgently needed to offer safe and effective therapy as well as to preserve neurocognitive function. There has been significant progress in development of systemic therapies to treat advanced NSCLC in recent years. Targeted therapy has been gradually incorporated into clinical practice to manage NSCLC with BM. Immunotherapy (IO) has revolutionized our treatment paradigm to manage advanced NSCLC. In this review we outline the systemic options for NSCLC-related BM and discuss IO in NSCLC. Finally, we describe the available data and future perspective to support the use of IO in NSCLC patients with BM.
{"title":"Systemic therapy in patients with NSCLC with brain metastasis: the emerging role of immunotherapy","authors":"J. Niu, Junle Zhou, S. Lindebak, Fade Mahmoud","doi":"10.20517/2347-8659.2018.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/2347-8659.2018.39","url":null,"abstract":"Brain metastasis (BM) is very common in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. The development of BM remains a serious complication associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The traditional approach has been largely focusing on local therapy with surgery and/or radiation. New approaches to treat BM in NSCLC are urgently needed to offer safe and effective therapy as well as to preserve neurocognitive function. There has been significant progress in development of systemic therapies to treat advanced NSCLC in recent years. Targeted therapy has been gradually incorporated into clinical practice to manage NSCLC with BM. Immunotherapy (IO) has revolutionized our treatment paradigm to manage advanced NSCLC. In this review we outline the systemic options for NSCLC-related BM and discuss IO in NSCLC. Finally, we describe the available data and future perspective to support the use of IO in NSCLC patients with BM.","PeriodicalId":19129,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43143078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-01DOI: 10.20517/2347-8659.2018.23
Xingwu Chen, Jianfeng Fang, M. Deng, Ting Jiang, Feng Luo
Cerebral fat embolism syndrome (CFES) is an uncommon but serious complication of long bone fracture. We reported a 19-year-old male patient who sustained CFES due to multiple limbs long bone fractures after a traffic accident injury. He gradually developed into coma within 24 h after his injury. The arterial blood gas analyses were normal. There was a small amount of gas in the right pleural cavity on the thoracic computed tomography (CT). Although there were no remarkable intracranial abnormalities on the initial brain CT findings, the typical brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of the starfield pattern and scattered foci were observed. Both T2-weighted imaging and diffusion weighted imaging of MRI indicated multiple scattered lesions in the bilateral cerebrum hemisphere white matter, grey matter, basal ganglia, corpus callosum and thalamus indicative of acute infarcts without microbleeding on the susceptibilityweighted imaging sequences. With the above findings, the diagnosis of the case was cerebral fat embolism syndrome. Although the patient was treated with comprehensive support in the intensive care unit, he remained unconscious and was discharged after 7 days of hospitalization.
{"title":"Cerebral fat embolism syndrome after long bone fracture due to traffic accident: a case report","authors":"Xingwu Chen, Jianfeng Fang, M. Deng, Ting Jiang, Feng Luo","doi":"10.20517/2347-8659.2018.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/2347-8659.2018.23","url":null,"abstract":"Cerebral fat embolism syndrome (CFES) is an uncommon but serious complication of long bone fracture. We reported a 19-year-old male patient who sustained CFES due to multiple limbs long bone fractures after a traffic accident injury. He gradually developed into coma within 24 h after his injury. The arterial blood gas analyses were normal. There was a small amount of gas in the right pleural cavity on the thoracic computed tomography (CT). Although there were no remarkable intracranial abnormalities on the initial brain CT findings, the typical brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of the starfield pattern and scattered foci were observed. Both T2-weighted imaging and diffusion weighted imaging of MRI indicated multiple scattered lesions in the bilateral cerebrum hemisphere white matter, grey matter, basal ganglia, corpus callosum and thalamus indicative of acute infarcts without microbleeding on the susceptibilityweighted imaging sequences. With the above findings, the diagnosis of the case was cerebral fat embolism syndrome. Although the patient was treated with comprehensive support in the intensive care unit, he remained unconscious and was discharged after 7 days of hospitalization.","PeriodicalId":19129,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48594915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-31DOI: 10.20517/2347-8659.2018.26
Michael Leon, D. Sawmiller, B. Giunta, Jun Tan
Approximately 13% of the population over the age of 65 years is estimated to have AD. The total number of cases is expected to increase over the coming decades. The apolipoprotein E (ApoE) genotype is the greatest genetic determinant for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) development. The ApoE4 allele increases the risk of AD by 4 to 14 fold while the ApoE2 allele has an opposing effect; decreasing risk. Indeed many studies have demonstrated that carriers of the ApoE2 allele are associated with greater likelihood of survival to advanced age, superior verbal learning ability in advanced age, and reduced accumulation of amyloid pathology in the aged brain. In addition, it is known that ApoE proteins have different affinities for the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), with ApoE2 having the weakest binding to the LDL receptor at < 2% relative to ApoE3 and E4. Because ApoE2 has shown protective effects in regard to AD, a novel approach for ApoE4 carriers may be to create a peptide antagonist that blocks the ApoE interactions with LDLR at its 135-150 N-terminal binding domain. This peptide may create a more ApoE2-like structure by decreasing the affinity of ApoE4 for LDLR thereby reducing AD onset, memory impairment, and amyloid plaque formation. In this review, we will discuss the different detrimental effects that ApoE4 can cause. Most importantly, we will review how ApoE4 binding to LDLR promotes AD pathogenesis and how blocking ApoE4 binding may be a promising novel therapeutic approach for AD.
{"title":"Therapeutic approach targeting apolipoprotein E binding region and low-density lipoprotein receptor for Alzheimer��s disease","authors":"Michael Leon, D. Sawmiller, B. Giunta, Jun Tan","doi":"10.20517/2347-8659.2018.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/2347-8659.2018.26","url":null,"abstract":"Approximately 13% of the population over the age of 65 years is estimated to have AD. The total number of cases is expected to increase over the coming decades. The apolipoprotein E (ApoE) genotype is the greatest genetic determinant for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) development. The ApoE4 allele increases the risk of AD by 4 to 14 fold while the ApoE2 allele has an opposing effect; decreasing risk. Indeed many studies have demonstrated that carriers of the ApoE2 allele are associated with greater likelihood of survival to advanced age, superior verbal learning ability in advanced age, and reduced accumulation of amyloid pathology in the aged brain. In addition, it is known that ApoE proteins have different affinities for the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), with ApoE2 having the weakest binding to the LDL receptor at < 2% relative to ApoE3 and E4. Because ApoE2 has shown protective effects in regard to AD, a novel approach for ApoE4 carriers may be to create a peptide antagonist that blocks the ApoE interactions with LDLR at its 135-150 N-terminal binding domain. This peptide may create a more ApoE2-like structure by decreasing the affinity of ApoE4 for LDLR thereby reducing AD onset, memory impairment, and amyloid plaque formation. In this review, we will discuss the different detrimental effects that ApoE4 can cause. Most importantly, we will review how ApoE4 binding to LDLR promotes AD pathogenesis and how blocking ApoE4 binding may be a promising novel therapeutic approach for AD.","PeriodicalId":19129,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41911081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：