Pub Date : 2020-07-24DOI: 10.31487/j.nnb.2020.03.03
P. Wood, John E. Cebak, G. Baker
Background: Phenelzine (PLZ) is a non-specific monoamine oxidase inhibitor that has demonstrated clinical efficacy in patients with treatment resistant depression. The mechanism of action with regard to this efficacy is complicated in that its metabolite, β-phenylethylidenehydrazine (PEH), is an inhibitor of amino acid transaminases resulting in dramatic brain elevations of GABA, alanine, ornithine and tyrosine. The full neurochemical profile of PLZ and PEH remain to be explored. Objective: To undertake a non-targeted metabolomics study of phenelzine on rat brain neurochemistry. Methods: We undertook a high-resolution mass spectrometric metabolomics analysis of rat cortical brain 1 and 12 hours after intraperitoneal dosing with PLZ or PEH. Tandem mass spectrometry was utilized to obtain relative quantitation data. Results: N-acetyl amino acids were found to be elevated in cortical brain tissue following either PLZ or PEH treatments. Conclusions: Our data indicate PLZ treatment significantly augments brain levels of N-acetyl amino acids and that this may involve inhibition of deacylases by PEH and/or induction of N-amino acid acetyltransferases.
{"title":"Metabolomics of Rat Brain After Treatment with Phenelzine: High-Resolution Mass Spectrometric Demonstration of Increased Brain Levels of N-Acetyl Amino Acids","authors":"P. Wood, John E. Cebak, G. Baker","doi":"10.31487/j.nnb.2020.03.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31487/j.nnb.2020.03.03","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Phenelzine (PLZ) is a non-specific monoamine oxidase inhibitor that has demonstrated\u0000clinical efficacy in patients with treatment resistant depression. The mechanism of action with regard to this\u0000efficacy is complicated in that its metabolite, β-phenylethylidenehydrazine (PEH), is an inhibitor of amino\u0000acid transaminases resulting in dramatic brain elevations of GABA, alanine, ornithine and tyrosine. The full\u0000neurochemical profile of PLZ and PEH remain to be explored.\u0000Objective: To undertake a non-targeted metabolomics study of phenelzine on rat brain neurochemistry.\u0000Methods: We undertook a high-resolution mass spectrometric metabolomics analysis of rat cortical brain\u00001 and 12 hours after intraperitoneal dosing with PLZ or PEH. Tandem mass spectrometry was utilized to\u0000obtain relative quantitation data.\u0000Results: N-acetyl amino acids were found to be elevated in cortical brain tissue following either PLZ or\u0000PEH treatments.\u0000Conclusions: Our data indicate PLZ treatment significantly augments brain levels of N-acetyl amino acids\u0000and that this may involve inhibition of deacylases by PEH and/or induction of N-amino acid\u0000acetyltransferases.\u0000","PeriodicalId":19179,"journal":{"name":"Neurology and Neurobiology","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75885052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-16DOI: 10.31487/j.nnb.2020.02.14
L. Tortolero, J. Nuño, P. Luengo, L. Gajate, A. Buenadicha, A. Serrano, F. Liaño, R. Peromingo, P. L. Hervás
Background: Neurological complications (NC) after liver transplantation (LT) are frequent, appearing in up to 60% of patients. Etiology is often related to immunosuppressant neurotoxicity and opportunistic infections. The use of basiliximab allows for less toxic immunosuppressive therapies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the neurological complications present during the first 30 days after LT and to evaluate its relationship with renal function, immunosuppressive therapy, and mortality. Methods: A total of 231 recipients were included in the retrospective, longitudinal, and nonrandomized study under 2 different immunosuppression protocols (with -group B- or without basiliximab -group A-). Results: NC were present in 14.3% of patients (n: 33), the average age of these patients was 55.4 years. The incidence of NC was significantly higher in group A than in group B (19.5% vs. 9.3% p <0.05), with no differences in the incidence of infection or rejection between both groups. The incidence of acute renal failure, the need for renal replacement therapy, the days of admission to the ICU, the days of hospital admission, as well as mortality during admission and one year after LT were higher among patients with NC. However, when analyzing patients with a neurological complication, patients in group A had a higher incidence of complications than in group B. Conclusion: The use of immunosuppressive therapies that apply lower doses of anticalcineurinics and with a later onset, classically called nephroprotective as used in group B, could also be neuroprotective, reducing the appearance of neurological complications and, therefore, morbidity. These findings most be verified in studies with a larger number of patients and randomized.
背景:肝移植(LT)术后神经系统并发症(NC)较为常见，发生率高达60%。病因常与免疫抑制神经毒性和机会性感染有关。使用basiliximab允许毒性较小的免疫抑制疗法。本研究的目的是评估肝移植后前30天出现的神经系统并发症，并评估其与肾功能、免疫抑制治疗和死亡率的关系。方法:在2种不同的免疫抑制方案(B组或A组)下，共有231名接受者被纳入回顾性、纵向和非随机研究。结果:14.3%的患者(33例)存在NC，这些患者的平均年龄为55.4岁。A组NC发生率显著高于B组(19.5% vs. 9.3% p <0.05)，两组间感染和排斥发生率无差异。nc患者的急性肾功能衰竭发生率、肾脏替代治疗需求、入住ICU天数、住院天数以及入院期间和术后1年的死亡率均高于nc患者。然而，当分析有神经系统并发症的患者时，a组患者的并发症发生率高于B组。结论:使用免疫抑制疗法，使用低剂量的抗胆碱尿素和较晚的起病时间，通常被称为肾保护疗法，如B组所使用的，也可以起到神经保护作用，减少神经系统并发症的出现，从而降低发病率。这些发现大多在有大量患者和随机的研究中得到证实。
{"title":"Neurological Complications after Liver Transplantation According to Immunosuppressive Therapy","authors":"L. Tortolero, J. Nuño, P. Luengo, L. Gajate, A. Buenadicha, A. Serrano, F. Liaño, R. Peromingo, P. L. Hervás","doi":"10.31487/j.nnb.2020.02.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31487/j.nnb.2020.02.14","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Neurological complications (NC) after liver transplantation (LT) are frequent, appearing in\u0000up to 60% of patients. Etiology is often related to immunosuppressant neurotoxicity and opportunistic\u0000infections. The use of basiliximab allows for less toxic immunosuppressive therapies. The aim of this study\u0000was to evaluate the neurological complications present during the first 30 days after LT and to evaluate its\u0000relationship with renal function, immunosuppressive therapy, and mortality.\u0000Methods: A total of 231 recipients were included in the retrospective, longitudinal, and nonrandomized\u0000study under 2 different immunosuppression protocols (with -group B- or without basiliximab -group A-).\u0000Results: NC were present in 14.3% of patients (n: 33), the average age of these patients was 55.4 years. The\u0000incidence of NC was significantly higher in group A than in group B (19.5% vs. 9.3% p <0.05), with no\u0000differences in the incidence of infection or rejection between both groups. The incidence of acute renal\u0000failure, the need for renal replacement therapy, the days of admission to the ICU, the days of hospital\u0000admission, as well as mortality during admission and one year after LT were higher among patients with\u0000NC. However, when analyzing patients with a neurological complication, patients in group A had a higher\u0000incidence of complications than in group B.\u0000Conclusion: The use of immunosuppressive therapies that apply lower doses of anticalcineurinics and with\u0000a later onset, classically called nephroprotective as used in group B, could also be neuroprotective, reducing\u0000the appearance of neurological complications and, therefore, morbidity. These findings most be verified in\u0000studies with a larger number of patients and randomized.","PeriodicalId":19179,"journal":{"name":"Neurology and Neurobiology","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83869476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-30DOI: 10.31487/j.nnb.2020.02.10
A. Cotroneo, P. Gareri, Valeria Graziella Laura Manfredi
Neurodegeneration is closely linked to neuroinflammation. It is often associated with oxidative stress and meaningful changes in cell energy metabolism. Neuroinflammation is due to non-neuronal cell activation (microglia, astrocytes, mast cells) activation and proliferation. Also, it is associated with pro-inflammatory substances release, able to modify synaptic plasticity. Microglia and astrocytes activation lead to toxic agent’s release (reactive oxygen species, inflammatory cytokines); however, the final target of this process is the cholinergic neuron. A number of substances can promote neuroprotection; recent scientific evidence focuses on the role of sirtuins. In particular, SIRT1 is activated by caloric restriction, NAD biosynthesis and different activators, called STACs (Sirtuin Activating Compounds). Citicoline is one of the most powerful STACs. It has been widely shown to possess neuroprotective action, and lots of studies strengthened its possible role.
{"title":"From Neuroinflammation to Neuroprotection: Focus on Potential New Therapeutic Targets in Cognitive Impairment","authors":"A. Cotroneo, P. Gareri, Valeria Graziella Laura Manfredi","doi":"10.31487/j.nnb.2020.02.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31487/j.nnb.2020.02.10","url":null,"abstract":"Neurodegeneration is closely linked to neuroinflammation. It is often associated with oxidative stress and\u0000meaningful changes in cell energy metabolism. Neuroinflammation is due to non-neuronal cell activation\u0000(microglia, astrocytes, mast cells) activation and proliferation. Also, it is associated with pro-inflammatory\u0000substances release, able to modify synaptic plasticity. Microglia and astrocytes activation lead to toxic\u0000agent’s release (reactive oxygen species, inflammatory cytokines); however, the final target of this process\u0000is the cholinergic neuron. A number of substances can promote neuroprotection; recent scientific evidence\u0000focuses on the role of sirtuins. In particular, SIRT1 is activated by caloric restriction, NAD biosynthesis and\u0000different activators, called STACs (Sirtuin Activating Compounds). Citicoline is one of the most powerful\u0000STACs. It has been widely shown to possess neuroprotective action, and lots of studies strengthened its\u0000possible role.","PeriodicalId":19179,"journal":{"name":"Neurology and Neurobiology","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78760120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-15DOI: 10.31487/j.nnb.2020.02.06
E. Sanzaro
Ischemic stroke during pregnancy occurs most often in the third trimester and is potentiated by an increased pro-coagulant state during pregnancy. Precisely this procoagulant state, associated with other thrombophilic phenomena and various risk factors for cardio- and cerebro-vascular pathologies, is the basis of a stroke in the elderly pregnant woman. A 43-year-old woman of 30 weeks pregnant presented within 120 minutes of the sudden onset of left side hemiparesis was given thrombolytic treatment with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator. The risk was extremely high since in the past she had a premature birth for unknown reasons. Our patient improved clinically with no residual deficits. But, being at risk, she was transferred to another hospital where she spontaneously gave birth, after a few days, to a healthy premature baby. It is reasonable to weigh in the benefit of alteplase vs. the risk in this patient group and give treatment for disabling stroke, particularly if there is no access to endovascular treatment.
{"title":"Thrombolytic Treatment in High-Risk Pregnancy: A Case Report","authors":"E. Sanzaro","doi":"10.31487/j.nnb.2020.02.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31487/j.nnb.2020.02.06","url":null,"abstract":"Ischemic stroke during pregnancy occurs most often in the third trimester and is potentiated by an increased\u0000pro-coagulant state during pregnancy. Precisely this procoagulant state, associated with other thrombophilic\u0000phenomena and various risk factors for cardio- and cerebro-vascular pathologies, is the basis of a stroke in\u0000the elderly pregnant woman. A 43-year-old woman of 30 weeks pregnant presented within 120 minutes of\u0000the sudden onset of left side hemiparesis was given thrombolytic treatment with recombinant tissue\u0000plasminogen activator. The risk was extremely high since in the past she had a premature birth for unknown\u0000reasons. Our patient improved clinically with no residual deficits. But, being at risk, she was transferred to\u0000another hospital where she spontaneously gave birth, after a few days, to a healthy premature baby. It is\u0000reasonable to weigh in the benefit of alteplase vs. the risk in this patient group and give treatment for\u0000disabling stroke, particularly if there is no access to endovascular treatment.\u0000","PeriodicalId":19179,"journal":{"name":"Neurology and Neurobiology","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88024448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-29DOI: 10.31487/j.nnb.2020.02.02
Alberico Marielisa, Bellizzi Annamaria, Benigni Giovanni, Botticella Filomena, C. Tammaro, Capaldo Guglielmo, Corbo Antonio, C. Giulia, D. Monica, D. Carmela, Ferrara Maurizio, Fiori Patrizia, G. Bellizzi, Gizzi Raffaele, Guerriero Barbara, I. Luigi, L. M. Giannetti, Manganelli Gianvito, Massarelli Marco, Mazza Emerico, Minichiello Stefania, Monaco Antonio, M. Alessandro, Pace Erminio, Pellecchia Vincenzo, Pelosi Chiara, Savino Patrizia
Introduction: The central nervous system is the generator of the dynamic balance between cholinergic and noradrenergic activity. Different behavioral tendencies are observed in subjects with prevalent parasympatic tone (defense strategy, energy sparing, dissociation) compared to those with sympathic one (relational interaction, high energy expenditure). These responses may influence susceptibility and vulnerability to diseases. The aim of our study was to examine cardiovascular function from the heart to the periphery by 24 hours detection of both heart and pulse rate in cerebrovascular conditions. Materials and Methods: We recruited 113 Acute Ischaemic Syndromes (AIS, age 73,43 sd 12,34), 32 Chronic Cerebro-Vascular Diseases (CCVD, age 75,95 sd 8,06), 30 Other Neurological Diseases (OND, age 50,09 sd 15,05). Cardiovascular reactivity (CR) was defined by beat indices, ratio (R) or difference (D) between higher maximal or minimal heart rate (HR) on higher maximal or minimal pulse rate (PR). A value < 1 or > 1 were considered as negative (NCR) or positive CR (PCR), respectively. Results: Max PR was significantly higher in CCVD and AIS compared to OND. Max CR was lower in CCVD and AIS compared to OND. Increased levels of glycosylated hemoglobin, cardiac biomarkers, abnormal findings at Holter ECG and Echocardiography were particularly observed in case of NCR. Conclusions: NCR may interfere with normal activity of daily living. Higher Hachinski ischaemic scores in these patients point out a higher ischaemic load. Moreover, NCR identified a category of acute patients with worst outcomes, requiring prompt intensive care because of higher risk of complications and mortality. Our observations may be useful for better choosing among therapeutical options, planning rehabilitation and health enhancing physical activity in aging. Moreover, they may reduce the risk of injuries for training overload in athletes.
{"title":"Central Genesis of Dysrhythmia","authors":"Alberico Marielisa, Bellizzi Annamaria, Benigni Giovanni, Botticella Filomena, C. Tammaro, Capaldo Guglielmo, Corbo Antonio, C. Giulia, D. Monica, D. Carmela, Ferrara Maurizio, Fiori Patrizia, G. Bellizzi, Gizzi Raffaele, Guerriero Barbara, I. Luigi, L. M. Giannetti, Manganelli Gianvito, Massarelli Marco, Mazza Emerico, Minichiello Stefania, Monaco Antonio, M. Alessandro, Pace Erminio, Pellecchia Vincenzo, Pelosi Chiara, Savino Patrizia","doi":"10.31487/j.nnb.2020.02.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31487/j.nnb.2020.02.02","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The central nervous system is the generator of the dynamic balance between cholinergic and\u0000noradrenergic activity. Different behavioral tendencies are observed in subjects with prevalent parasympatic\u0000tone (defense strategy, energy sparing, dissociation) compared to those with sympathic one (relational\u0000interaction, high energy expenditure). These responses may influence susceptibility and vulnerability to\u0000diseases. The aim of our study was to examine cardiovascular function from the heart to the periphery by\u000024 hours detection of both heart and pulse rate in cerebrovascular conditions.\u0000Materials and Methods: We recruited 113 Acute Ischaemic Syndromes (AIS, age 73,43 sd 12,34), 32\u0000Chronic Cerebro-Vascular Diseases (CCVD, age 75,95 sd 8,06), 30 Other Neurological Diseases (OND,\u0000age 50,09 sd 15,05). Cardiovascular reactivity (CR) was defined by beat indices, ratio (R) or difference (D)\u0000between higher maximal or minimal heart rate (HR) on higher maximal or minimal pulse rate (PR). A value\u0000< 1 or > 1 were considered as negative (NCR) or positive CR (PCR), respectively.\u0000Results: Max PR was significantly higher in CCVD and AIS compared to OND. Max CR was lower in\u0000CCVD and AIS compared to OND. Increased levels of glycosylated hemoglobin, cardiac biomarkers,\u0000abnormal findings at Holter ECG and Echocardiography were particularly observed in case of NCR.\u0000Conclusions: NCR may interfere with normal activity of daily living. Higher Hachinski ischaemic scores\u0000in these patients point out a higher ischaemic load. Moreover, NCR identified a category of acute patients\u0000with worst outcomes, requiring prompt intensive care because of higher risk of complications and mortality.\u0000Our observations may be useful for better choosing among therapeutical options, planning rehabilitation\u0000and health enhancing physical activity in aging. Moreover, they may reduce the risk of injuries for training\u0000overload in athletes.","PeriodicalId":19179,"journal":{"name":"Neurology and Neurobiology","volume":"159 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76097028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-03DOI: 10.31487/j.nnb.2020.01.05
C. Fisher
Behcet’s disease is a vasculitis, causing multisystem inflammation and resulting in oral and genital ulcers and eye and skin lesions. A proportion of suffers also have neurological involvement, termed neuro-Behcet’s disease. The purpose of this review was to investigate the psychological and neurocognitive sequelae associated with Behcet’s and neuro-Behcet’s disease and provide directions for future research. Depression and anxiety are the most researched psychological conditions in Behcet’s disease and appear to be the most consistently observed disorders across studies. Depression and anxiety severity is significantly higher relative to controls, and rates are similar across Behcet’s and neuro-Behcet’s cohorts. A systematic review would be helpful to fully determine the magnitude of these psychological disorders in Behcet’s disease and elucidate correlated clinical, regional and demographic factors. Further research is also needed into somatic and psychotic conditions as existing studies have yielded inconsistent results. Attenuations in neurocognitive functioning appear to be on a continuum. Reduced cognitive functioning is observed in Behcet’s disease relative to healthy controls; however, it is observed more frequently in neuro-Behcet’s disease, and in a broader range of neurocognitive domains (visual-spatial abilities, working memory, acquired knowledge, processing speed, long-term memory encoding and retrieval). Methodological limitations in existing studies, thus far, have not allowed for further synthesis of the data, such as through meta-analysis, and the field would benefit from several large-sample, multi-site studies using broad cognitive assessment batteries. Assessments of psychological functioning should be included as part of routine practice in clinics treating patients for Behcet’s disease. The potential for neurocognitive impairment should also be considered, particularly in those with neuro-Behcet’s. Appropriate referral pathways for psychiatric, psychological or neuropsychological intervention and treatment can then be offered, so that the psychological and neurocognitive needs in this patient cohort can be appropriately met.
{"title":"Psychological and Neurocognitive Impact of Behcet’s Disease","authors":"C. Fisher","doi":"10.31487/j.nnb.2020.01.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31487/j.nnb.2020.01.05","url":null,"abstract":"Behcet’s disease is a vasculitis, causing multisystem inflammation and resulting in oral and genital ulcers and eye and skin lesions. A proportion of suffers also have neurological involvement, termed neuro-Behcet’s disease. The purpose of this review was to investigate the psychological and neurocognitive sequelae associated with Behcet’s and neuro-Behcet’s disease and provide directions for future research. Depression and anxiety are the most researched psychological conditions in Behcet’s disease and appear to be the most consistently observed disorders across studies. Depression and anxiety severity is significantly higher relative to controls, and rates are similar across Behcet’s and neuro-Behcet’s cohorts. A systematic review would be helpful to fully determine the magnitude of these psychological disorders in Behcet’s disease and elucidate correlated clinical, regional and demographic factors. Further research is also needed into somatic and psychotic conditions as existing studies have yielded inconsistent results. Attenuations in neurocognitive functioning appear to be on a continuum. Reduced cognitive functioning is observed in Behcet’s disease relative to healthy controls; however, it is observed more frequently in neuro-Behcet’s disease, and in a broader range of neurocognitive domains (visual-spatial abilities, working memory, acquired knowledge, processing speed, long-term memory encoding and retrieval). Methodological limitations in existing studies, thus far, have not allowed for further synthesis of the data, such as through meta-analysis, and the field would benefit from several large-sample, multi-site studies using broad cognitive assessment batteries. Assessments of psychological functioning should be included as part of routine practice in clinics treating patients for Behcet’s disease. The potential for neurocognitive impairment should also be considered, particularly in those with neuro-Behcet’s. Appropriate referral pathways for psychiatric, psychological or neuropsychological intervention and treatment can then be offered, so that the psychological and neurocognitive needs in this patient cohort can be appropriately met.","PeriodicalId":19179,"journal":{"name":"Neurology and Neurobiology","volume":"99 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86904725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-30DOI: 10.31487/j.nnb.2020.01.02
S. Pridmore, W. Pridmore
Objective: Over the last century mental disorder has been promoted as the universal suicide trigger. This view has been discredited and other triggers are being considered. The aim is to determine whether different regions have sustained different suicide rates for the genders male and female. In the affirmative case, as gender roles are culturally determined, an impact of culture on suicidal behaviour would be confirmed. Method: The WHO Suicide Rates data by country (2016) was examined over a 17-year period. This was examined for details of countries which had demonstrated higher female than male suicide. 6 were located and an additional 6 countries were selected with similar total suicide rates and a higher male than female suicide rate. The stability of higher female or male suicide rates was explored. Results: The 6 countries with higher female suicide rates continued this pattern of behaviour over 17 years – and the countries with higher male suicide rates also continued the established pattern. Conclusions: The persistence of different gender suicide rates in 12 countries over 17 years confirmed that culture can strongly impact suicidal behaviour.
{"title":"Suicide is Impacted by Culture: Gender Suicide Rates","authors":"S. Pridmore, W. Pridmore","doi":"10.31487/j.nnb.2020.01.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31487/j.nnb.2020.01.02","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Over the last century mental disorder has been promoted as the universal suicide trigger. This\u0000view has been discredited and other triggers are being considered. The aim is to determine whether different\u0000regions have sustained different suicide rates for the genders male and female. In the affirmative case, as\u0000gender roles are culturally determined, an impact of culture on suicidal behaviour would be confirmed.\u0000Method: The WHO Suicide Rates data by country (2016) was examined over a 17-year period. This was\u0000examined for details of countries which had demonstrated higher female than male suicide. 6 were located\u0000and an additional 6 countries were selected with similar total suicide rates and a higher male than female\u0000suicide rate. The stability of higher female or male suicide rates was explored.\u0000Results: The 6 countries with higher female suicide rates continued this pattern of behaviour over 17 years\u0000– and the countries with higher male suicide rates also continued the established pattern.\u0000Conclusions: The persistence of different gender suicide rates in 12 countries over 17 years confirmed that\u0000culture can strongly impact suicidal behaviour.\u0000","PeriodicalId":19179,"journal":{"name":"Neurology and Neurobiology","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76796985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-17DOI: 10.31487/j.nnb.2019.04.03
Ameni Nsibi, H. Saoud, I. Messaoudi, N. Saidi, S. Mani
The present study was conducted to test the use of the hemiparkinsonian rat, obtained by the unilateral injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc), as a suitable model for the study of pain associated to Parkinson’s disease (PD). For this purpose, 14 days after unilateral injection of saline or 6-OHDA, rats were assessed for behavioral function in the cylinder test, and apomorphine-induced circling test. Thereafter, at 21st day after injection, mechanical nociceptive threshold was compared between 6-OHD-lesioned and sham-operated animals using electronic von Frey test. Our results showed that injection of 6-OHDA in the SNc induced alterations of behavioral motor as ascertained by predominant use of the ipsilateral forepaw in cylinder test and by the expression of contralateral turnings after subcutaneous injection of apomorphine. The mechanical nociceptive threshold was significantly decreased in 6-OHDA-lesioned rats compared to that of sham-operated rats (p <0.05). This response was reversed by apomorphine treatment. In conclusion, hemiparkinsonian rat, obtained by the unilateral injection of the 6-OHDA in the SNc, can be used to investigate pain symptoms and central pain processing mechanisms related to PD.
{"title":"Unilateral 6-Hydroxydopamine-Lesioned Rat as Relevant Model to Study the Pain Related to Parkinson’s Disease","authors":"Ameni Nsibi, H. Saoud, I. Messaoudi, N. Saidi, S. Mani","doi":"10.31487/j.nnb.2019.04.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31487/j.nnb.2019.04.03","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was conducted to test the use of the hemiparkinsonian rat, obtained by the unilateral\u0000injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc), as a suitable model\u0000for the study of pain associated to Parkinson’s disease (PD). For this purpose, 14 days after unilateral\u0000injection of saline or 6-OHDA, rats were assessed for behavioral function in the cylinder test, and\u0000apomorphine-induced circling test. Thereafter, at 21st day after injection, mechanical nociceptive threshold\u0000was compared between 6-OHD-lesioned and sham-operated animals using electronic von Frey test. Our\u0000results showed that injection of 6-OHDA in the SNc induced alterations of behavioral motor as ascertained\u0000by predominant use of the ipsilateral forepaw in cylinder test and by the expression of contralateral turnings\u0000after subcutaneous injection of apomorphine. The mechanical nociceptive threshold was significantly\u0000decreased in 6-OHDA-lesioned rats compared to that of sham-operated rats (p <0.05). This response was\u0000reversed by apomorphine treatment. In conclusion, hemiparkinsonian rat, obtained by the unilateral\u0000injection of the 6-OHDA in the SNc, can be used to investigate pain symptoms and central pain processing\u0000mechanisms related to PD.","PeriodicalId":19179,"journal":{"name":"Neurology and Neurobiology","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87142517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-20DOI: 10.31487/J.NNB.2019.02.02
Isah F.A, Muhammad U.A, Yusha u Yusuf
Working memory is a system that is responsible for transient holding and processing of new and already stored information. It also involves processing for reasoning, comprehension, learning and memory updating. Headphones are a pair of small loudspeakers that are designed to be held in place close to a user’s ear. They are electroacoustic transducers which convert electrical signals to a corresponding sound in the user’s ear. Several studies have recently shown a link between cognitive abilities and response to hearing aid and signal processing in the brain. Therefore, the relationship between headphone usage among healthy subjects become pertinent. This study is aimed at evaluating the effect of headphone on working memory using N-back task. One hundred (100) participants (55 headphone users and 45 non-headphone user’s) within the age range of 18-31 years were assessed. Participants were instructed to keep in memory, a series of letters and say “target” whenever there was a repetition of letter with exactly one intervening letter and to remain silent when any other letter appeared. The results of this study showed that there was no statistically significant difference in working memory between headphone and non-headphone users with p>0.05. In conclusion, this study revealed headphone use has no effect on working memory of the participants subjected to N–back test.
{"title":"Possible Effect of Headphone Usage on Working Memory Among Students in Faculty of Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria‒Nigeria","authors":"Isah F.A, Muhammad U.A, Yusha u Yusuf","doi":"10.31487/J.NNB.2019.02.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31487/J.NNB.2019.02.02","url":null,"abstract":"Working memory is a system that is responsible for transient holding and processing of new and already stored information. It also involves processing for reasoning, comprehension, learning and memory updating. Headphones are a pair of small loudspeakers that are designed to be held in place close to a user’s ear. They are electroacoustic transducers which convert electrical signals to a corresponding sound in the user’s ear. Several studies have recently shown a link between cognitive abilities and response to hearing aid and signal processing in the brain. Therefore, the relationship between headphone usage among healthy subjects become pertinent. This study is aimed at evaluating the effect of headphone on working memory using N-back task. One hundred (100) participants (55 headphone users and 45 non-headphone user’s) within the age range of 18-31 years were assessed. Participants were instructed to keep in memory, a series of letters and say “target” whenever there was a repetition of letter with exactly one intervening letter and to remain silent when any other letter appeared. The results of this study showed that there was no statistically significant difference in working memory between headphone and non-headphone users with p>0.05. In conclusion, this study revealed headphone use has no effect on working memory of the participants subjected to N–back test.","PeriodicalId":19179,"journal":{"name":"Neurology and Neurobiology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87561495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-31DOI: 10.31487/j.NNB.2018.10.006
D. Mark, K. Patrick, S. Subhash, N. Swathi, R. Sujata, Athena Kheibari, G. Victor
This project used a retrospective case series design to investigate factors associated with stroke in a rural area in Appalachian Kentucky. The south-eastern region of the U.S. is often referred to as the ‘stroke belt,’ and includes the Appalachian region of the state of Kentucky. Data were collected from medical records of patients from a neurology practice and regional hospital with a diagnosis of stroke from March 2012 through November 2015. Data were collected without personal identifiers and included demographic characteristics, stroke type, treatments received, and referrals for additional care including rehabilitation. Data from a total of 84 stroke cases diagnosed between March 2012 and November 2015 were included. Of the 84 cases, 46 (54.8%) were female and all but one was Caucasian. The distribution by race is consistent with the population of the region. The stroke cases ranged in age from 41 to 92 (M=66.3) and the age at stroke diagnosis ranged from 40 to 90 (M=65.7). Fourteen (16.7%) had evidence of a previous stroke at diagnosis. For smokers, the mean age at diagnosis was 62.7 for smokers while for non-smokers it was 67.5. The study reported smoking rates that were nearly three-times the national average, and the smokers in this study were found to have stroke onset approximately five-years earlier than non-smokers. The results from this case series support the need for further investigation on stroke prevalence and factors contributing to continued risk for stroke in Appalachia.
{"title":"Smoking and Stroke in Appalachian Kentucky","authors":"D. Mark, K. Patrick, S. Subhash, N. Swathi, R. Sujata, Athena Kheibari, G. Victor","doi":"10.31487/j.NNB.2018.10.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31487/j.NNB.2018.10.006","url":null,"abstract":"This project used a retrospective case series design to investigate factors associated with stroke in a rural\u0000area in Appalachian Kentucky. The south-eastern region of the U.S. is often referred to as the ‘stroke belt,’\u0000and includes the Appalachian region of the state of Kentucky. Data were collected from medical records of\u0000patients from a neurology practice and regional hospital with a diagnosis of stroke from March 2012 through\u0000November 2015. Data were collected without personal identifiers and included demographic characteristics,\u0000stroke type, treatments received, and referrals for additional care including rehabilitation. Data from a total\u0000of 84 stroke cases diagnosed between March 2012 and November 2015 were included. Of the 84 cases, 46\u0000(54.8%) were female and all but one was Caucasian. The distribution by race is consistent with the\u0000population of the region. The stroke cases ranged in age from 41 to 92 (M=66.3) and the age at stroke\u0000diagnosis ranged from 40 to 90 (M=65.7). Fourteen (16.7%) had evidence of a previous stroke at diagnosis.\u0000For smokers, the mean age at diagnosis was 62.7 for smokers while for non-smokers it was 67.5. The study\u0000reported smoking rates that were nearly three-times the national average, and the smokers in this study were\u0000found to have stroke onset approximately five-years earlier than non-smokers. The results from this case\u0000series support the need for further investigation on stroke prevalence and factors contributing to continued\u0000risk for stroke in Appalachia.","PeriodicalId":19179,"journal":{"name":"Neurology and Neurobiology","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73354677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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