Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.31487/j.nnb.2022.04.04
A. Koko, A. Lasseini
Objective: The objective of this paper was to highlight various neurosurgical presentations of patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 seen in our center. Design: This is retrospective analysis of all cases of neurofibromatosis type 1 seen in our neurosurgical center over five- year period. Data was extracted from case files retrieved from medical records department of the hospital. Biodemographic characteristics, clinical presentations, neuroimaging findings and treatment offered were noted. Setting: A single center report conducted at department of neurosurgery, regional neurosurgical center, Usmanu Danfodiyo university teaching Hospital Sokoto. Participants: All patients presenting to neurosurgery department with a diagnosis of neurofibromatosis type 1 over five-year period. Interventions: Among the patients seen, three had surgical intervention for disfiguring plexiform neurofibroma. While the remaining two patients refused any form of surgery. Cosmesis was main study outcome which was satisfactory to both the surgeons and the patients. Results: We found a total of five cases managed over the study period. Three males and two females, the youngest was 2 weeks old while the oldest was a 22-year-old man. Three patients had major cranial lesions while two presented with spinal/paraspinal lesions. Also, only three patients met NIH criteria for the diagnosis of NF-1, two presented with only plexiform neurofibromatosis. Two patients declined any form of surgical intervention. Cosmesis was the only reason for presenting to the hospital. Postoperative outcome was good for the three patients that accepted surgery. Conclusion: Neurofibromatosis type 1 occurs at a rate of one case per year in our setting. Various cranial and spinal/paraspinal manifestations were observed.
{"title":"Neurosurgical Presentations of Neurofibromatosis Type 1: Our Experience in a Regional Neurosurgical Centre, Sokoto, Nigeria","authors":"A. Koko, A. Lasseini","doi":"10.31487/j.nnb.2022.04.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31487/j.nnb.2022.04.04","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The objective of this paper was to highlight various neurosurgical presentations of patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 seen in our center.\u0000Design: This is retrospective analysis of all cases of neurofibromatosis type 1 seen in our neurosurgical center over five- year period. Data was extracted from case files retrieved from medical records department of the hospital. Biodemographic characteristics, clinical presentations, neuroimaging findings and treatment offered were noted.\u0000Setting: A single center report conducted at department of neurosurgery, regional neurosurgical center, Usmanu Danfodiyo university teaching Hospital Sokoto.\u0000Participants: All patients presenting to neurosurgery department with a diagnosis of neurofibromatosis type 1 over five-year period.\u0000Interventions: Among the patients seen, three had surgical intervention for disfiguring plexiform neurofibroma. While the remaining two patients refused any form of surgery. Cosmesis was main study outcome which was satisfactory to both the surgeons and the patients.\u0000Results: We found a total of five cases managed over the study period. Three males and two females, the youngest was 2 weeks old while the oldest was a 22-year-old man. Three patients had major cranial lesions while two presented with spinal/paraspinal lesions. Also, only three patients met NIH criteria for the diagnosis of NF-1, two presented with only plexiform neurofibromatosis. Two patients declined any form of surgical intervention. Cosmesis was the only reason for presenting to the hospital. Postoperative outcome was good for the three patients that accepted surgery.\u0000Conclusion: Neurofibromatosis type 1 occurs at a rate of one case per year in our setting. Various cranial and spinal/paraspinal manifestations were observed.","PeriodicalId":19179,"journal":{"name":"Neurology and Neurobiology","volume":"348 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82585861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-24DOI: 10.31487/j.nnb.2022.04.03
Berenika Maciejewicz
Background: It is uncommon for dreamers to be aware of their dreaming status while being inside their own dream. Yet, it is possible to become mindful and conscious of the fact that one is dreaming. This fairly rare phenomenon is called lucid dreaming. Cognitive functions are preserved while sleeping, and in the case of trained and experienced lucid dreamers, this also permits them to manage and influence their own dream environment, characters present, own actions, and the progression and plot of the dream itself. The neuroscience of lucid dreaming is novel but started to gain interest across a broad spectrum of interdisciplinary fields, including neurology, psychotherapy, philosophy, and sports sciences. Aim of the Study: To evaluate approaches currently practiced during dream lucidity sleep experiments, as well as to suggest new methodologies and protocols that can be adopted to detect the emergence of self-awareness during sleep. Materials and Methods: Analysis and evaluation of some of the existing methods was performed and combined with their own methodological and theoretical insights. Analysed were selected sleep studies and medical literature. Results: Neuroimaging employing electroencephalography, electrooculogram and sleep polysomnography simultaneously can be effective in objectively measuring and validating dream lucidity. Agreed-upon sequence patterns involving a left-right-left-right eye movement as a cue from a lucid dreamer signaling, they have entered an awareness state in parallel with polysomnography data can be effectively employed. Conclusion: Further studies are vital for investigating the clinical and non-clinical applications of lucid dreaming. Dream lucidity, becoming conscious of dreaming while dreaming, might be therapeutically beneficial in various biological and psychological applications, including as a therapy for nightmares or narcolepsy. Diagnostic indications of emerging self-awareness based on more accurate neuroimaging protocols could also be therapeutically applicable to conditions like anaesthesia awareness and locked-in syndrome.
{"title":"Cognitive Neuroscience of Conscious Dreaming: Investigating Methodological Approaches to Detect Dream Lucidity in Sleep Studies","authors":"Berenika Maciejewicz","doi":"10.31487/j.nnb.2022.04.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31487/j.nnb.2022.04.03","url":null,"abstract":"Background: It is uncommon for dreamers to be aware of their dreaming status while being inside their own dream. Yet, it is possible to become mindful and conscious of the fact that one is dreaming. This fairly rare phenomenon is called lucid dreaming. Cognitive functions are preserved while sleeping, and in the case of trained and experienced lucid dreamers, this also permits them to manage and influence their own dream environment, characters present, own actions, and the progression and plot of the dream itself. The neuroscience of lucid dreaming is novel but started to gain interest across a broad spectrum of interdisciplinary fields, including neurology, psychotherapy, philosophy, and sports sciences. \u0000Aim of the Study: To evaluate approaches currently practiced during dream lucidity sleep experiments, as well as to suggest new methodologies and protocols that can be adopted to detect the emergence of self-awareness during sleep.\u0000Materials and Methods: Analysis and evaluation of some of the existing methods was performed and combined with their own methodological and theoretical insights. Analysed were selected sleep studies and medical literature. \u0000Results: Neuroimaging employing electroencephalography, electrooculogram and sleep polysomnography simultaneously can be effective in objectively measuring and validating dream lucidity. Agreed-upon sequence patterns involving a left-right-left-right eye movement as a cue from a lucid dreamer signaling, they have entered an awareness state in parallel with polysomnography data can be effectively employed. \u0000Conclusion: Further studies are vital for investigating the clinical and non-clinical applications of lucid dreaming. Dream lucidity, becoming conscious of dreaming while dreaming, might be therapeutically beneficial in various biological and psychological applications, including as a therapy for nightmares or narcolepsy. Diagnostic indications of emerging self-awareness based on more accurate neuroimaging protocols could also be therapeutically applicable to conditions like anaesthesia awareness and locked-in syndrome.","PeriodicalId":19179,"journal":{"name":"Neurology and Neurobiology","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72889533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-24DOI: 10.31487/j.nnb.2022.03.01
Melissa Johnson, M. Teleb
Introduction: This review article outlines the clinical symptoms associated with isolated occlusions in the major branches of the anterior, middle, and posterior cerebral arteries. Methods: Review article Conclusion: A comprehensive understanding of isolated branch infarcts will deepen clinical acumen, aid in precise infarct localization, and optimize diagnostic management.
{"title":"Review Article: Clinical Symptoms and Structures Involved in Isolated Infarcts in the Branches of the Anterior, Middle, and Posterior Cerebral Arteries","authors":"Melissa Johnson, M. Teleb","doi":"10.31487/j.nnb.2022.03.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31487/j.nnb.2022.03.01","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: This review article outlines the clinical symptoms associated with isolated occlusions in the major branches of the anterior, middle, and posterior cerebral arteries. \u0000Methods: Review article\u0000Conclusion: A comprehensive understanding of isolated branch infarcts will deepen clinical acumen, aid in precise infarct localization, and optimize diagnostic management.","PeriodicalId":19179,"journal":{"name":"Neurology and Neurobiology","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74822965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-19DOI: 10.31487/j.nnb.2022.03.02
A. Larner
Functional amnesia, also known as dissociative amnesia, psychogenic amnesia, or mnestic block syndrome, is a rare disorder which, although clinically heterogeneous, is most often characterised by dense retrograde amnesia mainly affecting the episodic-autobiographical domain but with relative preservation of anterograde memory function, a pattern dissimilar to that seen in other amnesic disorders. The pathogenesis of functional amnesia remains unknown. Here, appeal is made to the study of artificial neural networks in the hope that, as in other mnestic disorders, this might give insight into the mechanisms underpinning functional amnesia. Specifically, the observation of catastrophic forgetting or catastrophic interference occurring in artificial neural networks, that is the abrupt and complete loss of previously learned information when learning new information, is extended to the human nervous system to develop a novel hypothesis: the Catastrophic Forgetting Hypothesis of functional amnesia.
{"title":"Towards a Neural Network Hypothesis for Functional (Dissociative) Amnesia: Catastrophic Forgetting","authors":"A. Larner","doi":"10.31487/j.nnb.2022.03.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31487/j.nnb.2022.03.02","url":null,"abstract":"Functional amnesia, also known as dissociative amnesia, psychogenic amnesia, or mnestic block syndrome, is a rare disorder which, although clinically heterogeneous, is most often characterised by dense retrograde amnesia mainly affecting the episodic-autobiographical domain but with relative preservation of anterograde memory function, a pattern dissimilar to that seen in other amnesic disorders. The pathogenesis of functional amnesia remains unknown. Here, appeal is made to the study of artificial neural networks in the hope that, as in other mnestic disorders, this might give insight into the mechanisms underpinning functional amnesia. Specifically, the observation of catastrophic forgetting or catastrophic interference occurring in artificial neural networks, that is the abrupt and complete loss of previously learned information when learning new information, is extended to the human nervous system to develop a novel hypothesis: the Catastrophic Forgetting Hypothesis of functional amnesia.","PeriodicalId":19179,"journal":{"name":"Neurology and Neurobiology","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74822774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-05DOI: 10.31487/j.nnb.2022.02.03
Dong Y. Han, M. Aulisio, S. Pasagic, Amanda C. Glueck, Timothy J. Ainger
A 53-year-old male with history of traumatic brain injury (TBI) presented with localized dissociative amnesia following a second head injury. While memory loss due to TBI is present in the literature, presentations of this type are very rare. Although fully independent in activities of daily living, this patient demonstrated severe deficits in visual memory and processing speed upon neurocognitive evaluation. Effort testing was unremarkable. Increased awareness and study of memory loss following TBI can contribute to enhanced understanding and improved care for patients experiencing these deficits. The authors present this unique case’s profile, clinical history, and discuss their findings.
{"title":"Repeat Traumatic Brain Injury Complications with Localized Dissociative Amnesia of Twenty-Two Years","authors":"Dong Y. Han, M. Aulisio, S. Pasagic, Amanda C. Glueck, Timothy J. Ainger","doi":"10.31487/j.nnb.2022.02.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31487/j.nnb.2022.02.03","url":null,"abstract":"A 53-year-old male with history of traumatic brain injury (TBI) presented with localized dissociative amnesia following a second head injury. While memory loss due to TBI is present in the literature, presentations of this type are very rare. Although fully independent in activities of daily living, this patient demonstrated severe deficits in visual memory and processing speed upon neurocognitive evaluation. Effort testing was unremarkable. Increased awareness and study of memory loss following TBI can contribute to enhanced understanding and improved care for patients experiencing these deficits. The authors present this unique case’s profile, clinical history, and discuss their findings.","PeriodicalId":19179,"journal":{"name":"Neurology and Neurobiology","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82142366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-11DOI: 10.31487/j.nnb.2022.02.02
R. Castillo, M.J. Encarnacion Ramirez, G. Musa, R. Nurmukhametov, Boris O. Igorevich
Background: ‘Brain tissue out’ (BTO) is used here to describe traumatic acute extracranial cerebral herniation, an extreme manifestation of severe TBIs. Case Description: We report a case of a 15-year-old victim of a severe head injury who was brought with acute extracranial cerebral herniation ‘brain tissue out’. We review the current literature and evidence of this exceedingly rare presentation. Conclusion: 'Brain tissue out' is a rare form of severe head injury with a very poor prognosis. The possible catastrophic short long-term effects of this injury warrant further attention to clarify the underlying mechanisms and to identify its management guidelines.
{"title":"‘Brain Tissue Out’ in a Train Struck Victim: A Case Report","authors":"R. Castillo, M.J. Encarnacion Ramirez, G. Musa, R. Nurmukhametov, Boris O. Igorevich","doi":"10.31487/j.nnb.2022.02.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31487/j.nnb.2022.02.02","url":null,"abstract":"Background: ‘Brain tissue out’ (BTO) is used here to describe traumatic acute extracranial cerebral herniation, an extreme manifestation of severe TBIs. \u0000Case Description: We report a case of a 15-year-old victim of a severe head injury who was brought with acute extracranial cerebral herniation ‘brain tissue out’. We review the current literature and evidence of this exceedingly rare presentation.\u0000Conclusion: 'Brain tissue out' is a rare form of severe head injury with a very poor prognosis. The possible catastrophic short long-term effects of this injury warrant further attention to clarify the underlying mechanisms and to identify its management guidelines.","PeriodicalId":19179,"journal":{"name":"Neurology and Neurobiology","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88459640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-02DOI: 10.31487/j.nnb.2022.02.01
T. Bowman, Monica R. Lininger, Amanda O. Esquivel, Katherine M. Breedlove
Neurocognitive changes have been found in participants of contact sports without documented concussions, raising concerns regarding the long-term consequences of subconcussive head impacts in sport. However, sex comparisons of neurocognitive change without reported concussions have not been completed for soccer or lacrosse athletes. Our purpose was to determine changes in clinical measures of cognitive function in uninjured collegiate lacrosse and soccer players. Men’s soccer (N=23), women’s soccer (N=36), men’s lacrosse (N=28) and women’s lacrosse (N=31) players wore xPatch head impact monitoring sensors for all practices and games. Sensors measured peak linear accelerations and peak rotational accelerations, allowing for daily density calculations. Participants completed the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 3 and Immediate Post-Concussion and Cognitive Testing at the beginning and end of the season. For women, multiple statistically significant relationships were identified [decreased reaction time with increased cumulative peak linear acceleration (rs=-0.30, P=0.03), peak linear acceleration daily density (rs=-0.31, P=0.04), and peak rotational acceleration daily density (rs=-0.31, P=0.03) and also Immediate Post-Concussion and Cognitive Testing symptom change increased with increased cumulative peak linear acceleration (rs=-0.38, P=0.008) and cumulative peak rotational acceleration (rs=-0.37, P=0.009)]. For men, cognitive change scores, specifically concentration, had the only statistically significant relationship with cumulative peak rotational acceleration (rs=0.32, P=0.02). Men had a greater number of changes over the course of the season compared to women; however, the changes did not appear related to head impact biomechanics. Women had many statistically significant correlations between head impacts and deterioration in some constructs, especially symptoms.
{"title":"The Effect of Soccer and Lacrosse Participation and Video Verified Head Impact Biomechanics on Clinical Concussion Measures","authors":"T. Bowman, Monica R. Lininger, Amanda O. Esquivel, Katherine M. Breedlove","doi":"10.31487/j.nnb.2022.02.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31487/j.nnb.2022.02.01","url":null,"abstract":"Neurocognitive changes have been found in participants of contact sports without documented concussions, raising concerns regarding the long-term consequences of subconcussive head impacts in sport. However, sex comparisons of neurocognitive change without reported concussions have not been completed for soccer or lacrosse athletes. Our purpose was to determine changes in clinical measures of cognitive function in uninjured collegiate lacrosse and soccer players. Men’s soccer (N=23), women’s soccer (N=36), men’s lacrosse (N=28) and women’s lacrosse (N=31) players wore xPatch head impact monitoring sensors for all practices and games. Sensors measured peak linear accelerations and peak rotational accelerations, allowing for daily density calculations. Participants completed the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 3 and Immediate Post-Concussion and Cognitive Testing at the beginning and end of the season. For women, multiple statistically significant relationships were identified [decreased reaction time with increased cumulative peak linear acceleration (rs=-0.30, P=0.03), peak linear acceleration daily density (rs=-0.31, P=0.04), and peak rotational acceleration daily density (rs=-0.31, P=0.03) and also Immediate Post-Concussion and Cognitive Testing symptom change increased with increased cumulative peak linear acceleration (rs=-0.38, P=0.008) and cumulative peak rotational acceleration (rs=-0.37, P=0.009)]. For men, cognitive change scores, specifically concentration, had the only statistically significant relationship with cumulative peak rotational acceleration (rs=0.32, P=0.02). Men had a greater number of changes over the course of the season compared to women; however, the changes did not appear related to head impact biomechanics. Women had many statistically significant correlations between head impacts and deterioration in some constructs, especially symptoms.","PeriodicalId":19179,"journal":{"name":"Neurology and Neurobiology","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86678693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Bell’s palsy is a widespread disease of the peripheral nervous system which causes not only physical disorders but also mental suffering as well. However, the etiological factor of Bell’s palsy is still unclear. The present study aimed to search for potential influencing factors by identifying the key genes and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) involved in patients with Bell’s palsy using RNA-Seq data based on bioinformatics tools. Methods: Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially expressed lncRNAs (DELs) in patients before and after therapy, and that in normal control group were identified. The competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) regulatory network was constructed by integrating lncRNA-mRNA pairs, miRNA-mRNA regulatory pairs, and miRNA-lncRNA pairs using Cytoscape. The Gene Ontology (GO) functions and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways analyses of DEGs and DELs were evaluated to explore their functions. The targeted corresponding genes and pathogens were verified by ELISA and q-PCR. Results: In the present study, hub proteins such as CXCR2 and IL1R1 in PPI network and 1039 lncRNA-mRNA co-expression pairs (eg., CYYR1-AS1-MDM2) were identified. 739 miRNA-mRNA pairs (eg., hsa-miR-147a-IL1R1), 255 miRNA-lncRNA pairs, and 363 mRNA-lncRNA co-expression pairs were included in ceRNA regulatory network. Meanwhile, CYYR1-AS1 was enriched into most pathways, including Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. Subsequently, validation of neuroinflammation relevant IL1R1 and EBV showed that IL1R1 was upregulated in the serum of patients with Bell’s palsy before therapy, while EBV was not found among them. Conclusion: We hypothesized that etiological factor of Bell's palsy correlate to complex miRNA-lncRNA-mRNA interacting networks and IL1 might be involved in inflammation and immune regulation in the onset of Bell's palsy.
{"title":"Bell’s Palsy May Associate with Increased IL1R1: A Pilot Novel Gene and lncRNA Study","authors":"Zhidan Liu, Xiaoyan Li, Ying Zhao, Chuang Zhao, Chunlan Chen, Zunyuan Li, Wenge Huo","doi":"10.31487/j.nnb.2022.01.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31487/j.nnb.2022.01.01","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Bell’s palsy is a widespread disease of the peripheral nervous system which causes not only physical disorders but also mental suffering as well. However, the etiological factor of Bell’s palsy is still unclear. The present study aimed to search for potential influencing factors by identifying the key genes and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) involved in patients with Bell’s palsy using RNA-Seq data based on bioinformatics tools.\u0000Methods: Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially expressed lncRNAs (DELs) in patients before and after therapy, and that in normal control group were identified. The competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) regulatory network was constructed by integrating lncRNA-mRNA pairs, miRNA-mRNA regulatory pairs, and miRNA-lncRNA pairs using Cytoscape. The Gene Ontology (GO) functions and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways analyses of DEGs and DELs were evaluated to explore their functions. The targeted corresponding genes and pathogens were verified by ELISA and q-PCR.\u0000Results: In the present study, hub proteins such as CXCR2 and IL1R1 in PPI network and 1039 lncRNA-mRNA co-expression pairs (eg., CYYR1-AS1-MDM2) were identified. 739 miRNA-mRNA pairs (eg., hsa-miR-147a-IL1R1), 255 miRNA-lncRNA pairs, and 363 mRNA-lncRNA co-expression pairs were included in ceRNA regulatory network. Meanwhile, CYYR1-AS1 was enriched into most pathways, including Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. Subsequently, validation of neuroinflammation relevant IL1R1 and EBV showed that IL1R1 was upregulated in the serum of patients with Bell’s palsy before therapy, while EBV was not found among them.\u0000Conclusion: We hypothesized that etiological factor of Bell's palsy correlate to complex miRNA-lncRNA-mRNA interacting networks and IL1 might be involved in inflammation and immune regulation in the onset of Bell's palsy.","PeriodicalId":19179,"journal":{"name":"Neurology and Neurobiology","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86241871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.31487/j.nnb.2021.04.02
D. Godar
Because the concordance rate between identical twins is only 88%, an environmental factor must cause autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Furthermore, when identical twins share ASD, it is to varying degrees suggesting different prenatal environments exist, which occurs when identical twins have separate placentas (~30% of the time). Placental inclusions are predictive of ASD along with excessive increases in extra-axial cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) detected by MRI in the brains of 6- and 12-month-old infants later diagnosed at 2 years with ASD. The human papillomavirus (HPV) can infect the trophoblast cells of placentas and transmit to the fetus where it infects the epithelial cells of the choroid plexus, a centrally located lining inside the brain responsible for producing CSF via the SLC4A10 gene product. HPV causes epigenetic changes, deletions, and duplications of genes, and besides its characteristic methylation patterns, the SLC4A10 gene was found to be increased in children with ASD. Moreover, male placentas implant close to the cervix (low-lying) three times more often than female placentas paralleling the ASD ratio of ~3:1 (boys to girls). Finally, the Australian HPV vaccination programme that began in 2007 might explain why the 0-4 yr. ASD incidence did not increase from 2010 to 2015.
{"title":"Overwhelming Evidence Transplacental Transmission of Human Papillomavirus Primarily Causes Autism","authors":"D. Godar","doi":"10.31487/j.nnb.2021.04.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31487/j.nnb.2021.04.02","url":null,"abstract":"Because the concordance rate between identical twins is only 88%, an environmental factor must cause autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Furthermore, when identical twins share ASD, it is to varying degrees suggesting different prenatal environments exist, which occurs when identical twins have separate placentas (~30% of the time). Placental inclusions are predictive of ASD along with excessive increases in extra-axial cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) detected by MRI in the brains of 6- and 12-month-old infants later diagnosed at 2 years with ASD. The human papillomavirus (HPV) can infect the trophoblast cells of placentas and transmit to the fetus where it infects the epithelial cells of the choroid plexus, a centrally located lining inside the brain responsible for producing CSF via the SLC4A10 gene product. HPV causes epigenetic changes, deletions, and duplications of genes, and besides its characteristic methylation patterns, the SLC4A10 gene was found to be increased in children with ASD. Moreover, male placentas implant close to the cervix (low-lying) three times more often than female placentas paralleling the ASD ratio of ~3:1 (boys to girls). Finally, the Australian HPV vaccination programme that began in 2007 might explain why the 0-4 yr. ASD incidence did not increase from 2010 to 2015.","PeriodicalId":19179,"journal":{"name":"Neurology and Neurobiology","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75696499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-02DOI: 10.31487/j.nnb.2021.04.01
R. Abdel-Kader, Engy A Fadel
Background: Mitochondrial biogenesis has been recently implicated to play an important role in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Recently it has been reported that brains of AD patients show reduced expression in major genes and proteins such as PGC-1α involved in mitochondrial biogenesis. This led to the idea that enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis in AD, might represent a plausible strategy for AD treatment. Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) has been recently implicated in enhancing cognitive functions during aging; however, its effect on mitochondrial biogenesis in neuroinflammatory AD mouse model was not previously examined. Objective: The aim of this project was to test the cognitive enhancement effect of PQQ in a neuroinflammatory mouse model mimicking AD, and whether PQQ is able to activate mitochondrial biogenesis in brains of our AD mouse model. Methods: Neuroinflammatory AD mouse model was developed by Lipopolysaccharide (250 g kg-1 body weight, i.p) injection for 7 days, followed by daily PQQ treatment (10 mg kg-1 body weight) on days 4-7. Cognitive functions were assessed using Y-Maze, Water-Maze and object recognition tests. Neurodegeneration was evaluated using H&E. Finally, mitochondrial proteins were measured using immunohistochemistry. Results: PQQ treatment improved spatial recognition and working memory. PQQ treated mice brains showed decreased levels of neurodegeneration. Moreover, their brains showed greater amounts of both PGC-1α and the mitochondrial-membrane-bound protein cytochrome-c, indicating enhancement of mitochondrial biogenesis. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the ability of PQQ to improve memory in neuroinflammatory AD model via enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis, which may represent an alternative mechanistic approach for treating AD.
{"title":"Pyrroloquinoline Quinone Enhances Cognition of Neuroinflammatory Alzheimer’s Disease Mouse Model via Mitochondrial Biogenesis Regulation","authors":"R. Abdel-Kader, Engy A Fadel","doi":"10.31487/j.nnb.2021.04.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31487/j.nnb.2021.04.01","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Mitochondrial biogenesis has been recently implicated to play an important role in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Recently it has been reported that brains of AD patients show reduced expression in major genes and proteins such as PGC-1α involved in mitochondrial biogenesis. This led to the idea that enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis in AD, might represent a plausible strategy for AD treatment. Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) has been recently implicated in enhancing cognitive functions during aging; however, its effect on mitochondrial biogenesis in neuroinflammatory AD mouse model was not previously examined. \u0000Objective: The aim of this project was to test the cognitive enhancement effect of PQQ in a neuroinflammatory mouse model mimicking AD, and whether PQQ is able to activate mitochondrial biogenesis in brains of our AD mouse model. \u0000Methods: Neuroinflammatory AD mouse model was developed by Lipopolysaccharide (250 g kg-1 body weight, i.p) injection for 7 days, followed by daily PQQ treatment (10 mg kg-1 body weight) on days 4-7. Cognitive functions were assessed using Y-Maze, Water-Maze and object recognition tests. Neurodegeneration was evaluated using H&E. Finally, mitochondrial proteins were measured using immunohistochemistry.\u0000Results: PQQ treatment improved spatial recognition and working memory. PQQ treated mice brains showed decreased levels of neurodegeneration. Moreover, their brains showed greater amounts of both PGC-1α and the mitochondrial-membrane-bound protein cytochrome-c, indicating enhancement of mitochondrial biogenesis. \u0000Conclusion: This study demonstrates the ability of PQQ to improve memory in neuroinflammatory AD model via enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis, which may represent an alternative mechanistic approach for treating AD.","PeriodicalId":19179,"journal":{"name":"Neurology and Neurobiology","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84316647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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