Neuronal intranuclear inclusions (NIIs) are common key structures in polyglutamine (polyQ) diseases such as Huntington disease (HD), spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1), and SCA3. Marinesco bodies (MBs) of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra are also intranuclear structures and are frequently seen in normal elderly people. Ribosomal dysfunction is closely related to two differential processes; therefore, we aimed to identify the pathological characteristics of ribosomal protein SA (RPSA), a ribosomal protein, in both states. To this end, we evaluated the autopsy findings in four patients with HD, two SCA3, and five normal elderly cases (NCs). Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that both NIIs and MBs contain RPSA. In polyQ diseases, RPSA was co-localized with polyQ aggregations, and 3D-reconstructed images revealed their mosaic-like distribution. Assessments of the organization of RPSA and p62 in NIIs showed that RPSA was more localized toward the center than p62 and that this unique organization was more evident in the MBs. Immunoblotting of the temporal cortices revealed that the nuclear fraction of HD patients contained more RPSA than that of NCs. In conclusion, our study revealed that RPSA is a common component of both NIIs and MBs, indicating that a similar mechanism contributes to the formation of polyQ NIIs and MBs.
{"title":"Ribosomal protein SA is a common component of neuronal intranuclear inclusions in polyglutamine diseases and Marinesco bodies.","authors":"Kaoru Yagita, Shoko Sadashima, Sachiko Koyama, Hideko Noguchi, Hideomi Hamasaki, Naokazu Sasagasako, Hiroyuki Honda","doi":"10.1111/neup.12927","DOIUrl":"10.1111/neup.12927","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neuronal intranuclear inclusions (NIIs) are common key structures in polyglutamine (polyQ) diseases such as Huntington disease (HD), spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1), and SCA3. Marinesco bodies (MBs) of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra are also intranuclear structures and are frequently seen in normal elderly people. Ribosomal dysfunction is closely related to two differential processes; therefore, we aimed to identify the pathological characteristics of ribosomal protein SA (RPSA), a ribosomal protein, in both states. To this end, we evaluated the autopsy findings in four patients with HD, two SCA3, and five normal elderly cases (NCs). Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that both NIIs and MBs contain RPSA. In polyQ diseases, RPSA was co-localized with polyQ aggregations, and 3D-reconstructed images revealed their mosaic-like distribution. Assessments of the organization of RPSA and p62 in NIIs showed that RPSA was more localized toward the center than p62 and that this unique organization was more evident in the MBs. Immunoblotting of the temporal cortices revealed that the nuclear fraction of HD patients contained more RPSA than that of NCs. In conclusion, our study revealed that RPSA is a common component of both NIIs and MBs, indicating that a similar mechanism contributes to the formation of polyQ NIIs and MBs.</p>","PeriodicalId":19204,"journal":{"name":"Neuropathology","volume":" ","pages":"31-40"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9672980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The endogenous regenerative capacity of the brain is quite weak; however, a regenerative reaction, the production of new neurons (neurogenesis), has been reported to occur in brain lesions. In addition, leukocytes are well known to infiltrate brain lesions. Therefore, leukocytes would also have a link with regenerative neurogenesis; however, their role has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated leukocyte infiltration and its influence on brain tissue regeneration in a trimethyltin (TMT)-injected mouse model of hippocampal regeneration. Immunohistochemically, CD3-positive T lymphocytes were found in the hippocampal lesion of TMT-injected mice. Prednisolone (PSL) treatment inhibited T lymphocyte infiltration and increased neuronal nuclei (NeuN)-positive mature neurons and doublecortin (DCX)-positive immature neurons in the hippocampus. Investigation of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)-labeled newborn cells revealed the percentage of BrdU/NeuN- and BrdU/DCX-positive cells increased by PSL treatment. These results indicate that infiltrated T lymphocytes prevent brain tissue regeneration by inhibiting hippocampal neurogenesis.
大脑的内源性再生能力很弱,但有报道称,在大脑病变部位会出现再生反应,即产生新的神经元(神经发生)。此外,众所周知,白细胞会浸润脑损伤部位。因此,白细胞也与再生神经元的产生有关,但其作用尚未完全阐明。在本研究中,我们在注射三甲基锡(TMT)的小鼠海马再生模型中研究了白细胞浸润及其对脑组织再生的影响。免疫组化结果显示,在注射三甲基锡的小鼠海马病灶中发现了 CD3 阳性的 T 淋巴细胞。泼尼松龙(PSL)治疗抑制了T淋巴细胞的浸润,并增加了海马中神经元核(NeuN)阳性的成熟神经元和双皮质素(DCX)阳性的未成熟神经元。对溴脱氧尿苷(BrdU)标记的新生细胞进行的调查显示,PSL 处理后,BrdU/NeuN 和 BrdU/DCX 阳性细胞的百分比有所增加。这些结果表明,浸润的 T 淋巴细胞通过抑制海马神经发生来阻止脑组织再生。
{"title":"Prednisolone improves hippocampal regeneration after trimethyltin-induced neurodegeneration in association with prevention of T lymphocyte infiltration.","authors":"Masashi Sakurai, Miki Takenaka, Yuki Mitsui, Yusuke Sakai, Masahiro Morimoto","doi":"10.1111/neup.12926","DOIUrl":"10.1111/neup.12926","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The endogenous regenerative capacity of the brain is quite weak; however, a regenerative reaction, the production of new neurons (neurogenesis), has been reported to occur in brain lesions. In addition, leukocytes are well known to infiltrate brain lesions. Therefore, leukocytes would also have a link with regenerative neurogenesis; however, their role has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated leukocyte infiltration and its influence on brain tissue regeneration in a trimethyltin (TMT)-injected mouse model of hippocampal regeneration. Immunohistochemically, CD3-positive T lymphocytes were found in the hippocampal lesion of TMT-injected mice. Prednisolone (PSL) treatment inhibited T lymphocyte infiltration and increased neuronal nuclei (NeuN)-positive mature neurons and doublecortin (DCX)-positive immature neurons in the hippocampus. Investigation of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)-labeled newborn cells revealed the percentage of BrdU/NeuN- and BrdU/DCX-positive cells increased by PSL treatment. These results indicate that infiltrated T lymphocytes prevent brain tissue regeneration by inhibiting hippocampal neurogenesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":19204,"journal":{"name":"Neuropathology","volume":" ","pages":"21-30"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9948260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A 72-year-old woman with dermatomyositis (DM) developed neurological manifestation, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed multiple T2/fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR)-hyperintense lesions predominantly in the deep white matter of the cerebral hemisphere. Punctate or linear contrast enhancement was observed surrounding the T1-hypointense area. Multiple T2/FLAIR-hyperintense lesions were aligned along with the corona radiata. Malignant lymphoma was first suspected, and a brain biopsy was performed. Pathological investigation suggested the provisional diagnosis of "suspicious of malignant lymphoma." Owing to emergent clinical conditions, high-dose methotrexate (MTX) therapy was conducted, and then T2/FLAIR-hyperintense lesions were dramatically reduced. However, the diagnosis of malignant lymphoma was concerning since multiplex PCR demonstrated clonal restriction of the Ig H gene for B cells and TCR beta genes for T cells. Histopathology revealed the infiltration of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and the CD4+ /CD8+ ratio was 4.0. Moreover, prominent plasma cells were observed, in addition to CD20+ B cells. Atypical cells with enlarged nuclei were present, and they were not hematopoietic but found as glial cells. JC virus (JCV) infection was verified with both immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization; the final diagnosis was progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). The patient was treated with mefloquine and discharged. This case is informative in understanding the host anti-viral response. Variable inflammatory cells were observed, including CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, plasma cells, and a small amount of perivascular CD20+ B cells. PD-1 and PD-L1 expression was observed in lymphoid cells and macrophages, respectively. PML with inflammatory reactions was thought fatal, and autopsy cases of PML with immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) demonstrated excessive infiltration of only CD8+ T cells. However, this case revealed infiltration of variable inflammatory cells, and a favorable prognosis would be expected under PD-1/PD-L1 immune-checkpoint regulation.
一名72岁的皮肌炎(DM)女性患者出现了神经系统表现,磁共振成像(MRI)显示多发T2/流体增强反转恢复(FLAIR)高密度病变,主要位于大脑半球的深部白质。在T1高密度区周围观察到点状或线状对比增强。多个T2/FLAIR高密度病变与放射冠排列在一起。首先怀疑是恶性淋巴瘤,并进行了脑活检。病理检查提示临时诊断为 "疑似恶性淋巴瘤"。由于临床情况紧急,患者接受了大剂量甲氨蝶呤(MTX)治疗,T2/FLAIR高密度病灶明显缩小。然而,恶性淋巴瘤的诊断令人担忧,因为多重 PCR 显示 B 细胞的 Ig H 基因和 T 细胞的 TCR beta 基因存在克隆限制。组织病理学显示 CD4+ 和 CD8+ T 细胞均有浸润,CD4+/CD8+比率为 4.0。此外,除了 CD20+ B 细胞外,还观察到突出的浆细胞。出现了核增大的非典型细胞,它们不是造血细胞,而是胶质细胞。免疫组化和原位杂交验证了JC病毒(JCV)感染;最终诊断为进行性多灶性白质脑病(PML)。患者接受甲氟喹治疗后出院。该病例有助于了解宿主的抗病毒反应。观察到各种炎症细胞,包括 CD4+ 和 CD8+ T 细胞、浆细胞和少量血管周围 CD20+ B 细胞。在淋巴细胞和巨噬细胞中分别观察到 PD-1 和 PD-L1 的表达。伴有炎症反应的 PML 被认为是致命的,伴有免疫重建炎症综合征(IRIS)的 PML 尸检病例显示只有 CD8+ T 细胞过度浸润。然而,该病例显示了不同炎症细胞的浸润,在PD-1/PD-L1免疫检查点的调控下,预后良好。
{"title":"Pathology for severe inflammatory PML with PD1/PD-L1 expression of favorable prognosis: What's a prognostic factor for PML-IRIS?","authors":"Yukiko Shishido-Hara, Jiro Akimoto, Shinjiro Fukami, Michihiro Kohno, Jun Matsubayashi, Toshitaka Nagao","doi":"10.1111/neup.12929","DOIUrl":"10.1111/neup.12929","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 72-year-old woman with dermatomyositis (DM) developed neurological manifestation, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed multiple T2/fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR)-hyperintense lesions predominantly in the deep white matter of the cerebral hemisphere. Punctate or linear contrast enhancement was observed surrounding the T1-hypointense area. Multiple T2/FLAIR-hyperintense lesions were aligned along with the corona radiata. Malignant lymphoma was first suspected, and a brain biopsy was performed. Pathological investigation suggested the provisional diagnosis of \"suspicious of malignant lymphoma.\" Owing to emergent clinical conditions, high-dose methotrexate (MTX) therapy was conducted, and then T2/FLAIR-hyperintense lesions were dramatically reduced. However, the diagnosis of malignant lymphoma was concerning since multiplex PCR demonstrated clonal restriction of the Ig H gene for B cells and TCR beta genes for T cells. Histopathology revealed the infiltration of both CD4<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells, and the CD4<sup>+</sup> /CD8<sup>+</sup> ratio was 4.0. Moreover, prominent plasma cells were observed, in addition to CD20<sup>+</sup> B cells. Atypical cells with enlarged nuclei were present, and they were not hematopoietic but found as glial cells. JC virus (JCV) infection was verified with both immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization; the final diagnosis was progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). The patient was treated with mefloquine and discharged. This case is informative in understanding the host anti-viral response. Variable inflammatory cells were observed, including CD4<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells, plasma cells, and a small amount of perivascular CD20<sup>+</sup> B cells. PD-1 and PD-L1 expression was observed in lymphoid cells and macrophages, respectively. PML with inflammatory reactions was thought fatal, and autopsy cases of PML with immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) demonstrated excessive infiltration of only CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells. However, this case revealed infiltration of variable inflammatory cells, and a favorable prognosis would be expected under PD-1/PD-L1 immune-checkpoint regulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19204,"journal":{"name":"Neuropathology","volume":" ","pages":"47-58"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9761087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A dopamine agonist administered for prolactinoma treatment and pituitary stimulation tests are reported as risk factors for pituitary apoplexy. We report a case of an 82-year-old patient who suffered from pituitary apoplexy in an endocrinologically silent adenoma during lanreotide administration. The patient was diagnosed with a pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor with lymph node metastasis and treated with lanreotide for two years. An endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach was used for tumor and hematoma removal. The specimen showed growth hormone and prolactin positivity and was diagnosed as pit1-lineage plurihormonal adenoma. The tumor also showed positivity for somatostatin receptor 2. Thus, lanreotide treatment is a risk factor for pituitary apoplexy even in silent adenoma.
{"title":"Pituitary apoplexy in endocrinologically silent adenoma during somatostatin analog administration for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor: A case report","authors":"Keitaro Shiraishi, Takuya Akai, Takahiro Tomita, Ryuji Hayashi, Takashi Minamisaka, Satoshi Kuroda","doi":"10.1111/neup.12959","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/neup.12959","url":null,"abstract":"A dopamine agonist administered for prolactinoma treatment and pituitary stimulation tests are reported as risk factors for pituitary apoplexy. We report a case of an 82-year-old patient who suffered from pituitary apoplexy in an endocrinologically silent adenoma during lanreotide administration. The patient was diagnosed with a pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor with lymph node metastasis and treated with lanreotide for two years. An endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach was used for tumor and hematoma removal. The specimen showed growth hormone and prolactin positivity and was diagnosed as pit1-lineage plurihormonal adenoma. The tumor also showed positivity for somatostatin receptor 2. Thus, lanreotide treatment is a risk factor for pituitary apoplexy even in silent adenoma.","PeriodicalId":19204,"journal":{"name":"Neuropathology","volume":"100 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138692302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We report the case of a 70-year-old woman with metastatic brain tumors who underwent surgical removal of the tumor and radiation necrosis. The patient had a history of colon cancer and had undergone surgical removal of a left occipital tumor. Histopathological evaluation revealed a metastatic brain tumor. The tumor recurred six months after surgical removal, followed by whole-brain radiotherapy, and the patient underwent stereotactic radiosurgery. Six months later, the perifocal edema had increased, and the patient became symptomatic. The diagnosis was radiation necrosis and corticosteroids were initially effective. However, radiation necrosis became uncontrollable, and the patient underwent removal of necrotic tissue two years after stereotactic radiosurgery. Pathological findings predominantly showed necrotic tissue with some tumor cells. Since the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) were expressed around the necrotic tissue, the main cause of the edema was determined as radiation necrosis. Differences in the expression levels and distribution of HIF-1α and VEGF were observed between treatment-naïve and recurrent tumor tissue and radiation necrosis. This difference suggests the possibility of different mechanisms for edema formation due to the tumor itself and radiation necrosis. Although distinguishing radiation necrosis from recurrent tumors using MRI remains challenging, the pathophysiological mechanism of perifocal edema might be crucial for differentiating radiation necrosis from recurrent tumors.
{"title":"Expression and distribution of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and vascular endothelial growth factor in comparison between radiation necrosis and tumor tissue in metastatic brain tumor: A case report","authors":"Fugen Takagi, Motomasa Furuse, Hiroko Kuwabara, Akihiro Kambara, Naoki Omura, Shogo Tanabe, Ryokichi Yagi, Ryo Hiramatsu, Masahiro Kameda, Naosuke Nonoguchi, Shinji Kawabata, Toshihiro Takami, Shin-Ichi Miyatake, Masahiko Wanibuchi","doi":"10.1111/neup.12958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/neup.12958","url":null,"abstract":"We report the case of a 70-year-old woman with metastatic brain tumors who underwent surgical removal of the tumor and radiation necrosis. The patient had a history of colon cancer and had undergone surgical removal of a left occipital tumor. Histopathological evaluation revealed a metastatic brain tumor. The tumor recurred six months after surgical removal, followed by whole-brain radiotherapy, and the patient underwent stereotactic radiosurgery. Six months later, the perifocal edema had increased, and the patient became symptomatic. The diagnosis was radiation necrosis and corticosteroids were initially effective. However, radiation necrosis became uncontrollable, and the patient underwent removal of necrotic tissue two years after stereotactic radiosurgery. Pathological findings predominantly showed necrotic tissue with some tumor cells. Since the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) were expressed around the necrotic tissue, the main cause of the edema was determined as radiation necrosis. Differences in the expression levels and distribution of HIF-1α and VEGF were observed between treatment-naïve and recurrent tumor tissue and radiation necrosis. This difference suggests the possibility of different mechanisms for edema formation due to the tumor itself and radiation necrosis. Although distinguishing radiation necrosis from recurrent tumors using MRI remains challenging, the pathophysiological mechanism of perifocal edema might be crucial for differentiating radiation necrosis from recurrent tumors.","PeriodicalId":19204,"journal":{"name":"Neuropathology","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138560358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01Epub Date: 2023-04-21DOI: 10.1111/neup.12906
Sanjeev Gumber, Fawn Connor-Stroud, Dustin Howard, Xiaodong Zhang, Brenda J Bradley, Chet C Sherwood, Lary C Walker
A 57-year-old female chimpanzee presented with a brief history of increasing lethargy and rapidly progressive lower-limb weakness that culminated in loss of use. Postmortem examination revealed no significant gross lesions in the nervous system or other organ systems. Histological analysis revealed round, basophilic to amphophilic polyglucosan bodies (PGBs) in the white and gray matter of the cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and coccygeal regions of spinal cord. Only rare PGBs were observed in forebrain samples. The lesions in the spinal cord were polymorphic, and they were positively stained with hematoxylin, periodic acid Schiff, Alcian blue, toluidine blue, Bielschowsky silver, and Grocott-Gomori methenamine-silver methods, and they were negative for von Kossa and Congo Red stains. Immunohistochemical evaluation revealed reactivity with antibodies to ubiquitin, but they were negative for glial fibrillary acidic protein, neuron-specific enolase, neurofilaments, tau protein, and Aβ protein. Electron microscopy revealed non-membrane-bound deposits composed of densely packed filaments within axons and in the extracellular space. Intra-axonal PGBs were associated with disruption of the axonal fine structure and disintegration of the surrounding myelin sheath. These findings are the first description of PGBs linked to neurological dysfunction in a chimpanzee. Clinicopathologically, the disorder resembled adult PGB disease in humans.
{"title":"Polyglucosan body disease in an aged chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes).","authors":"Sanjeev Gumber, Fawn Connor-Stroud, Dustin Howard, Xiaodong Zhang, Brenda J Bradley, Chet C Sherwood, Lary C Walker","doi":"10.1111/neup.12906","DOIUrl":"10.1111/neup.12906","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 57-year-old female chimpanzee presented with a brief history of increasing lethargy and rapidly progressive lower-limb weakness that culminated in loss of use. Postmortem examination revealed no significant gross lesions in the nervous system or other organ systems. Histological analysis revealed round, basophilic to amphophilic polyglucosan bodies (PGBs) in the white and gray matter of the cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and coccygeal regions of spinal cord. Only rare PGBs were observed in forebrain samples. The lesions in the spinal cord were polymorphic, and they were positively stained with hematoxylin, periodic acid Schiff, Alcian blue, toluidine blue, Bielschowsky silver, and Grocott-Gomori methenamine-silver methods, and they were negative for von Kossa and Congo Red stains. Immunohistochemical evaluation revealed reactivity with antibodies to ubiquitin, but they were negative for glial fibrillary acidic protein, neuron-specific enolase, neurofilaments, tau protein, and Aβ protein. Electron microscopy revealed non-membrane-bound deposits composed of densely packed filaments within axons and in the extracellular space. Intra-axonal PGBs were associated with disruption of the axonal fine structure and disintegration of the surrounding myelin sheath. These findings are the first description of PGBs linked to neurological dysfunction in a chimpanzee. Clinicopathologically, the disorder resembled adult PGB disease in humans.</p>","PeriodicalId":19204,"journal":{"name":"Neuropathology","volume":" ","pages":"463-471"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10642523/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9443235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01Epub Date: 2023-05-17DOI: 10.1111/neup.12909
Shino Magaki, Mohammad Haeri, Linda J Szymanski, Zesheng Chen, Ramiro Diaz, Christopher K Williams, Julia W Chang, Yan Ao, Kathy L Newell, Negar Khanlou, William H Yong, Aria Fallah, Noriko Salamon, Tarek Daniel, Jennifer Cotter, Debra Hawes, Michael Sofroniew, Harry V Vinters
Hyaline protoplasmic astrocytopathy (HPA) describes a rare histologic finding of eosinophilic, hyaline cytoplasmic inclusions in astrocytes, predominantly in the cerebral cortex. It has mainly been observed in children and adults with a history of developmental delay and epilepsy, frequently with focal cortical dysplasia (FCD), but the nature and significance of these inclusions are unclear. In this study, we review the clinical and pathologic features of HPA and characterize the inclusions and brain tissue in which they are seen in surgical resection specimens from five patients with intractable epilepsy and HPA compared to five patients with intractable epilepsy without HPA using immunohistochemistry for filamin A, previously shown to label these inclusions, and a variety of astrocytic markers including aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member L1 (ALDH1L1), SRY-Box Transcription Factor 9 (SOX9), and glutamate transporter 1/excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (GLT-1/EAAT2) proteins. The inclusions were positive for ALDH1L1 with increased ALDH1L1 expression in areas of gliosis. SOX9 was also positive in the inclusions, although to a lesser intensity than the astrocyte nuclei. Filamin A labeled the inclusions but also labeled reactive astrocytes in a subset of patients. The immunoreactivity of the inclusions for various astrocytic markers and filamin A as well as the positivity of filamin A in reactive astrocytes raise the possibility that these astrocytic inclusions may be the result of an uncommon reactive or degenerative phenomenon.
{"title":"Hyaline protoplasmic astrocytopathy in epilepsy.","authors":"Shino Magaki, Mohammad Haeri, Linda J Szymanski, Zesheng Chen, Ramiro Diaz, Christopher K Williams, Julia W Chang, Yan Ao, Kathy L Newell, Negar Khanlou, William H Yong, Aria Fallah, Noriko Salamon, Tarek Daniel, Jennifer Cotter, Debra Hawes, Michael Sofroniew, Harry V Vinters","doi":"10.1111/neup.12909","DOIUrl":"10.1111/neup.12909","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hyaline protoplasmic astrocytopathy (HPA) describes a rare histologic finding of eosinophilic, hyaline cytoplasmic inclusions in astrocytes, predominantly in the cerebral cortex. It has mainly been observed in children and adults with a history of developmental delay and epilepsy, frequently with focal cortical dysplasia (FCD), but the nature and significance of these inclusions are unclear. In this study, we review the clinical and pathologic features of HPA and characterize the inclusions and brain tissue in which they are seen in surgical resection specimens from five patients with intractable epilepsy and HPA compared to five patients with intractable epilepsy without HPA using immunohistochemistry for filamin A, previously shown to label these inclusions, and a variety of astrocytic markers including aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member L1 (ALDH1L1), SRY-Box Transcription Factor 9 (SOX9), and glutamate transporter 1/excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (GLT-1/EAAT2) proteins. The inclusions were positive for ALDH1L1 with increased ALDH1L1 expression in areas of gliosis. SOX9 was also positive in the inclusions, although to a lesser intensity than the astrocyte nuclei. Filamin A labeled the inclusions but also labeled reactive astrocytes in a subset of patients. The immunoreactivity of the inclusions for various astrocytic markers and filamin A as well as the positivity of filamin A in reactive astrocytes raise the possibility that these astrocytic inclusions may be the result of an uncommon reactive or degenerative phenomenon.</p>","PeriodicalId":19204,"journal":{"name":"Neuropathology","volume":" ","pages":"441-456"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9851332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Japanese Society of Neuropathology Award 2023","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/neup.12950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/neup.12950","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19204,"journal":{"name":"Neuropathology","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138623589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The typical clinical manifestations of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD) are rapid-progressive dementia and myoclonus. However, the diagnosis of atypical sCJD can be challenging due to its wide phenotypic variations. We report an autopsy case of variably protease-sensitive prionopathy (VPSPr) with Met/Met homogeneity at codon 129. An 81-year-old woman presented with memory loss without motor symptoms. Seventeen months after the onset, her spontaneous language production almost disappeared. Diffusion-weighted images (DWI) showed hyperintensity in the cerebral cortex while electroencephalogram (EEG) showed nonspecific change. 14-3-3 protein and real-time qualing-induced conversion (RT-QuIC) of cerebrospinal fluid were negative. She died at age 85, 3.5 years after the onset. Pathological investigation revealed spongiform change, severe neuronal loss, and gliosis in the cerebral cortex. Mild to moderate neuronal loss and gliosis were observed in the basal ganglia. PrP immunostaining revealed plaque-like, dotlike, and synaptic structures in the cerebral cortex and small plaque-like structures in the molecular layer of the cerebellum. Analysis of PRNP showed no pathogenic mutations, and Western blot examination revealed the lack of a diglycosylated band consistent with VPSPr. The present case, which is the first report on a VPSPr case in Japan, supports previously published evidence that VPSPr cases can present variable and nonspecific clinical presentations. Because a small number of VPSPr cases can show typical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) change in sCJD. We should investigate the possibility of VPSPr in a differential diagnosis with atypical dementia that presented DWIs of high intensity in the cortex, even though 14-3-3 proteins and RT-QuIC are both negative. In addition, VPSPr cases can take a longer clinical course compared to that of sCJD, and long-term follow-up is important.
{"title":"An autopsy case of variably protease-sensitive prionopathy with Met/Met homogeneity at codon 129.","authors":"Akiko Uchino, Yuko Saito, Saori Oonuma, Shigeo Murayama, Saburo Yagishita, Tetsuyuki Kitamoto, Kazuko Hasegawa","doi":"10.1111/neup.12911","DOIUrl":"10.1111/neup.12911","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The typical clinical manifestations of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD) are rapid-progressive dementia and myoclonus. However, the diagnosis of atypical sCJD can be challenging due to its wide phenotypic variations. We report an autopsy case of variably protease-sensitive prionopathy (VPSPr) with Met/Met homogeneity at codon 129. An 81-year-old woman presented with memory loss without motor symptoms. Seventeen months after the onset, her spontaneous language production almost disappeared. Diffusion-weighted images (DWI) showed hyperintensity in the cerebral cortex while electroencephalogram (EEG) showed nonspecific change. 14-3-3 protein and real-time qualing-induced conversion (RT-QuIC) of cerebrospinal fluid were negative. She died at age 85, 3.5 years after the onset. Pathological investigation revealed spongiform change, severe neuronal loss, and gliosis in the cerebral cortex. Mild to moderate neuronal loss and gliosis were observed in the basal ganglia. PrP immunostaining revealed plaque-like, dotlike, and synaptic structures in the cerebral cortex and small plaque-like structures in the molecular layer of the cerebellum. Analysis of PRNP showed no pathogenic mutations, and Western blot examination revealed the lack of a diglycosylated band consistent with VPSPr. The present case, which is the first report on a VPSPr case in Japan, supports previously published evidence that VPSPr cases can present variable and nonspecific clinical presentations. Because a small number of VPSPr cases can show typical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) change in sCJD. We should investigate the possibility of VPSPr in a differential diagnosis with atypical dementia that presented DWIs of high intensity in the cortex, even though 14-3-3 proteins and RT-QuIC are both negative. In addition, VPSPr cases can take a longer clinical course compared to that of sCJD, and long-term follow-up is important.</p>","PeriodicalId":19204,"journal":{"name":"Neuropathology","volume":" ","pages":"486-495"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9551503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}