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Correction to "Familial idiopathic basal ganglia calcification with a heterozygous missense variant (c.902C > T/p.P307L) in SLC20A2 showing widespread cerebrovascular lesions". 更正“具有杂合错义变体的家族性特发性基底节钙化(c.902C > T/p.P307L)显示广泛的脑血管病变”。
IF 2.3 4区 医学 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-25 DOI: 10.1111/neup.12945
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引用次数: 0
Pathology for severe inflammatory PML with PD1/PD-L1 expression of favorable prognosis: What's a prognostic factor for PML-IRIS? 重症炎性PML病理结果显示PD1/PD-L1表达预后良好:PML-IRIS的预后因素是什么?
IF 2.3 4区 医学 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Epub Date: 2023-07-09 DOI: 10.1111/neup.12929
Yukiko Shishido-Hara, Jiro Akimoto, Shinjiro Fukami, Michihiro Kohno, Jun Matsubayashi, Toshitaka Nagao

A 72-year-old woman with dermatomyositis (DM) developed neurological manifestation, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed multiple T2/fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR)-hyperintense lesions predominantly in the deep white matter of the cerebral hemisphere. Punctate or linear contrast enhancement was observed surrounding the T1-hypointense area. Multiple T2/FLAIR-hyperintense lesions were aligned along with the corona radiata. Malignant lymphoma was first suspected, and a brain biopsy was performed. Pathological investigation suggested the provisional diagnosis of "suspicious of malignant lymphoma." Owing to emergent clinical conditions, high-dose methotrexate (MTX) therapy was conducted, and then T2/FLAIR-hyperintense lesions were dramatically reduced. However, the diagnosis of malignant lymphoma was concerning since multiplex PCR demonstrated clonal restriction of the Ig H gene for B cells and TCR beta genes for T cells. Histopathology revealed the infiltration of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and the CD4+ /CD8+ ratio was 4.0. Moreover, prominent plasma cells were observed, in addition to CD20+ B cells. Atypical cells with enlarged nuclei were present, and they were not hematopoietic but found as glial cells. JC virus (JCV) infection was verified with both immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization; the final diagnosis was progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). The patient was treated with mefloquine and discharged. This case is informative in understanding the host anti-viral response. Variable inflammatory cells were observed, including CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, plasma cells, and a small amount of perivascular CD20+ B cells. PD-1 and PD-L1 expression was observed in lymphoid cells and macrophages, respectively. PML with inflammatory reactions was thought fatal, and autopsy cases of PML with immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) demonstrated excessive infiltration of only CD8+ T cells. However, this case revealed infiltration of variable inflammatory cells, and a favorable prognosis would be expected under PD-1/PD-L1 immune-checkpoint regulation.

一名72岁的皮肌炎(DM)女性患者出现了神经系统表现,磁共振成像(MRI)显示多发T2/流体增强反转恢复(FLAIR)高密度病变,主要位于大脑半球的深部白质。在T1高密度区周围观察到点状或线状对比增强。多个T2/FLAIR高密度病变与放射冠排列在一起。首先怀疑是恶性淋巴瘤,并进行了脑活检。病理检查提示临时诊断为 "疑似恶性淋巴瘤"。由于临床情况紧急,患者接受了大剂量甲氨蝶呤(MTX)治疗,T2/FLAIR高密度病灶明显缩小。然而,恶性淋巴瘤的诊断令人担忧,因为多重 PCR 显示 B 细胞的 Ig H 基因和 T 细胞的 TCR beta 基因存在克隆限制。组织病理学显示 CD4+ 和 CD8+ T 细胞均有浸润,CD4+/CD8+比率为 4.0。此外,除了 CD20+ B 细胞外,还观察到突出的浆细胞。出现了核增大的非典型细胞,它们不是造血细胞,而是胶质细胞。免疫组化和原位杂交验证了JC病毒(JCV)感染;最终诊断为进行性多灶性白质脑病(PML)。患者接受甲氟喹治疗后出院。该病例有助于了解宿主的抗病毒反应。观察到各种炎症细胞,包括 CD4+ 和 CD8+ T 细胞、浆细胞和少量血管周围 CD20+ B 细胞。在淋巴细胞和巨噬细胞中分别观察到 PD-1 和 PD-L1 的表达。伴有炎症反应的 PML 被认为是致命的,伴有免疫重建炎症综合征(IRIS)的 PML 尸检病例显示只有 CD8+ T 细胞过度浸润。然而,该病例显示了不同炎症细胞的浸润,在PD-1/PD-L1免疫检查点的调控下,预后良好。
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引用次数: 0
Pituitary apoplexy in endocrinologically silent adenoma during somatostatin analog administration for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor: A case report 在使用体生长抑素类似物治疗胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤期间,内分泌学上沉默的腺瘤出现垂体中风:病例报告
IF 2.3 4区 医学 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-12-15 DOI: 10.1111/neup.12959
Keitaro Shiraishi, Takuya Akai, Takahiro Tomita, Ryuji Hayashi, Takashi Minamisaka, Satoshi Kuroda
A dopamine agonist administered for prolactinoma treatment and pituitary stimulation tests are reported as risk factors for pituitary apoplexy. We report a case of an 82-year-old patient who suffered from pituitary apoplexy in an endocrinologically silent adenoma during lanreotide administration. The patient was diagnosed with a pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor with lymph node metastasis and treated with lanreotide for two years. An endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach was used for tumor and hematoma removal. The specimen showed growth hormone and prolactin positivity and was diagnosed as pit1-lineage plurihormonal adenoma. The tumor also showed positivity for somatostatin receptor 2. Thus, lanreotide treatment is a risk factor for pituitary apoplexy even in silent adenoma.
据报道,为治疗泌乳素瘤而使用的多巴胺激动剂和垂体刺激试验是垂体中风的危险因素。我们报告了一例 82 岁的患者在服用兰瑞奥肽期间因内分泌无症状腺瘤导致垂体中风的病例。患者被诊断为胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤并伴有淋巴结转移,接受了两年的兰瑞奥肽治疗。患者采用内镜下经鼻蝶窦方法切除肿瘤和血肿。标本显示生长激素和催乳素阳性,被诊断为pit1系多激素腺瘤。肿瘤还显示体生长抑素受体2阳性。因此,即使是无声腺瘤,兰瑞肽治疗也是垂体卒中的一个危险因素。
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引用次数: 0
Expression and distribution of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and vascular endothelial growth factor in comparison between radiation necrosis and tumor tissue in metastatic brain tumor: A case report 低氧诱导因子-1α和血管内皮生长因子在转移性脑肿瘤放射坏死组织和肿瘤组织中的表达和分布对比:病例报告
IF 2.3 4区 医学 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-12-08 DOI: 10.1111/neup.12958
Fugen Takagi, Motomasa Furuse, Hiroko Kuwabara, Akihiro Kambara, Naoki Omura, Shogo Tanabe, Ryokichi Yagi, Ryo Hiramatsu, Masahiro Kameda, Naosuke Nonoguchi, Shinji Kawabata, Toshihiro Takami, Shin-Ichi Miyatake, Masahiko Wanibuchi
We report the case of a 70-year-old woman with metastatic brain tumors who underwent surgical removal of the tumor and radiation necrosis. The patient had a history of colon cancer and had undergone surgical removal of a left occipital tumor. Histopathological evaluation revealed a metastatic brain tumor. The tumor recurred six months after surgical removal, followed by whole-brain radiotherapy, and the patient underwent stereotactic radiosurgery. Six months later, the perifocal edema had increased, and the patient became symptomatic. The diagnosis was radiation necrosis and corticosteroids were initially effective. However, radiation necrosis became uncontrollable, and the patient underwent removal of necrotic tissue two years after stereotactic radiosurgery. Pathological findings predominantly showed necrotic tissue with some tumor cells. Since the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) were expressed around the necrotic tissue, the main cause of the edema was determined as radiation necrosis. Differences in the expression levels and distribution of HIF-1α and VEGF were observed between treatment-naïve and recurrent tumor tissue and radiation necrosis. This difference suggests the possibility of different mechanisms for edema formation due to the tumor itself and radiation necrosis. Although distinguishing radiation necrosis from recurrent tumors using MRI remains challenging, the pathophysiological mechanism of perifocal edema might be crucial for differentiating radiation necrosis from recurrent tumors.
我们报告了一例 70 岁女性转移性脑肿瘤患者的病例,她接受了肿瘤手术切除和放射性坏死治疗。患者有结肠癌病史,曾接受过左枕部肿瘤的手术切除。组织病理学评估显示为转移性脑肿瘤。手术切除后六个月,肿瘤复发,随后进行了全脑放疗,患者接受了立体定向放射外科手术。六个月后,病灶周围水肿加重,患者出现症状。诊断结果为放射性坏死,皮质类固醇起初有效。然而,辐射坏死变得无法控制,患者在立体定向放射手术两年后接受了坏死组织切除手术。病理结果主要显示坏死组织和一些肿瘤细胞。由于坏死组织周围表达了血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)和缺氧诱导因子-1α(HIF-1α),水肿的主要原因被确定为辐射坏死。在未经治疗和复发的肿瘤组织与辐射坏死之间,HIF-1α和VEGF的表达水平和分布存在差异。这种差异表明,肿瘤本身和辐射坏死可能存在不同的水肿形成机制。尽管利用磁共振成像区分辐射坏死和复发性肿瘤仍具有挑战性,但病灶周围水肿的病理生理机制可能是区分辐射坏死和复发性肿瘤的关键。
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引用次数: 0
Polyglucosan body disease in an aged chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes). 老年黑猩猩(类人猿)多葡聚糖体疾病的研究。
IF 1.3 4区 医学 Q4 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-04-21 DOI: 10.1111/neup.12906
Sanjeev Gumber, Fawn Connor-Stroud, Dustin Howard, Xiaodong Zhang, Brenda J Bradley, Chet C Sherwood, Lary C Walker

A 57-year-old female chimpanzee presented with a brief history of increasing lethargy and rapidly progressive lower-limb weakness that culminated in loss of use. Postmortem examination revealed no significant gross lesions in the nervous system or other organ systems. Histological analysis revealed round, basophilic to amphophilic polyglucosan bodies (PGBs) in the white and gray matter of the cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and coccygeal regions of spinal cord. Only rare PGBs were observed in forebrain samples. The lesions in the spinal cord were polymorphic, and they were positively stained with hematoxylin, periodic acid Schiff, Alcian blue, toluidine blue, Bielschowsky silver, and Grocott-Gomori methenamine-silver methods, and they were negative for von Kossa and Congo Red stains. Immunohistochemical evaluation revealed reactivity with antibodies to ubiquitin, but they were negative for glial fibrillary acidic protein, neuron-specific enolase, neurofilaments, tau protein, and Aβ protein. Electron microscopy revealed non-membrane-bound deposits composed of densely packed filaments within axons and in the extracellular space. Intra-axonal PGBs were associated with disruption of the axonal fine structure and disintegration of the surrounding myelin sheath. These findings are the first description of PGBs linked to neurological dysfunction in a chimpanzee. Clinicopathologically, the disorder resembled adult PGB disease in humans.

一只57岁的雌性黑猩猩出现了短暂的嗜睡史和迅速进行性下肢无力,最终丧失使用能力。死后检查未发现神经系统或其他器官系统的明显损伤。组织学分析显示,在脊髓的颈、胸、腰椎和尾椎区域的白质和灰质中存在圆形的、嗜碱性到嗜两性的葡聚糖小体(PGBs)。仅在前脑样本中观察到罕见的PGBs。脊髓内病变呈多形性,苏木精染色、周期性酸希夫染色、阿利新蓝染色、甲苯胺蓝染色、Bielschowsky银染色、grocotto - gomori甲胺银染色呈阳性,von Kossa染色、刚果红染色呈阴性。免疫组化评价显示泛素抗体反应性,但胶质纤维酸性蛋白、神经元特异性烯醇化酶、神经丝、tau蛋白和Aβ蛋白均阴性。电镜显示,在轴突内和细胞外空间有由密集堆积的细丝组成的非膜结合沉积物。轴突内PGBs与轴突精细结构的破坏和周围髓鞘的解体有关。这些发现是对与黑猩猩神经功能障碍有关的PGBs的首次描述。临床病理上,该疾病类似于人类成人PGB病。
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引用次数: 0
Hyaline protoplasmic astrocytopathy in epilepsy. 癫痫的透明质星形细胞病。
IF 2.3 4区 医学 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-05-17 DOI: 10.1111/neup.12909
Shino Magaki, Mohammad Haeri, Linda J Szymanski, Zesheng Chen, Ramiro Diaz, Christopher K Williams, Julia W Chang, Yan Ao, Kathy L Newell, Negar Khanlou, William H Yong, Aria Fallah, Noriko Salamon, Tarek Daniel, Jennifer Cotter, Debra Hawes, Michael Sofroniew, Harry V Vinters

Hyaline protoplasmic astrocytopathy (HPA) describes a rare histologic finding of eosinophilic, hyaline cytoplasmic inclusions in astrocytes, predominantly in the cerebral cortex. It has mainly been observed in children and adults with a history of developmental delay and epilepsy, frequently with focal cortical dysplasia (FCD), but the nature and significance of these inclusions are unclear. In this study, we review the clinical and pathologic features of HPA and characterize the inclusions and brain tissue in which they are seen in surgical resection specimens from five patients with intractable epilepsy and HPA compared to five patients with intractable epilepsy without HPA using immunohistochemistry for filamin A, previously shown to label these inclusions, and a variety of astrocytic markers including aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member L1 (ALDH1L1), SRY-Box Transcription Factor 9 (SOX9), and glutamate transporter 1/excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (GLT-1/EAAT2) proteins. The inclusions were positive for ALDH1L1 with increased ALDH1L1 expression in areas of gliosis. SOX9 was also positive in the inclusions, although to a lesser intensity than the astrocyte nuclei. Filamin A labeled the inclusions but also labeled reactive astrocytes in a subset of patients. The immunoreactivity of the inclusions for various astrocytic markers and filamin A as well as the positivity of filamin A in reactive astrocytes raise the possibility that these astrocytic inclusions may be the result of an uncommon reactive or degenerative phenomenon.

透明质星形细胞病(HPA)描述了一种罕见的组织学发现,星形细胞中嗜酸性,透明质包涵体,主要发生在大脑皮层。它主要见于有发育迟缓和癫痫史的儿童和成人,经常伴有局灶性皮质发育不良(FCD),但这些包涵体的性质和意义尚不清楚。在本研究中,我们回顾了HPA的临床和病理特征,并对5例顽固性癫痫和HPA患者的手术切除标本中所见的包涵体和脑组织进行了表征,这些包涵体是用免疫组织化学方法检测丝蛋白A的,丝蛋白A先前被证明可以标记这些包涵体,以及各种星形细胞标记物,包括醛脱氢酶1家族成员L1 (ALDH1L1),SRY-Box转录因子9 (SOX9)和谷氨酸转运蛋白1/兴奋性氨基酸转运蛋白2 (GLT-1/EAAT2)蛋白。包涵体ALDH1L1阳性,在胶质细胞增生区域ALDH1L1表达增加。SOX9在包涵体中也呈阳性,但强度低于星形胶质细胞核。丝蛋白A标记包涵体,但也标记反应性星形胶质细胞的一部分患者。包涵体对各种星形细胞标志物和丝蛋白A的免疫反应性,以及反应性星形细胞中丝蛋白A的阳性,提高了这些星形细胞包涵体可能是一种不常见的反应性或退行性现象的结果的可能性。
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引用次数: 0
Japanese Society of Neuropathology Award 2023 日本神经病理学学会奖 2023
IF 2.3 4区 医学 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1111/neup.12950
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引用次数: 0
An autopsy case of variably protease-sensitive prionopathy with Met/Met homogeneity at codon 129. 在密码子129处具有Met/Met同质性的可变蛋白酶敏感性朊病的尸检病例。
IF 2.3 4区 医学 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-05-30 DOI: 10.1111/neup.12911
Akiko Uchino, Yuko Saito, Saori Oonuma, Shigeo Murayama, Saburo Yagishita, Tetsuyuki Kitamoto, Kazuko Hasegawa

The typical clinical manifestations of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD) are rapid-progressive dementia and myoclonus. However, the diagnosis of atypical sCJD can be challenging due to its wide phenotypic variations. We report an autopsy case of variably protease-sensitive prionopathy (VPSPr) with Met/Met homogeneity at codon 129. An 81-year-old woman presented with memory loss without motor symptoms. Seventeen months after the onset, her spontaneous language production almost disappeared. Diffusion-weighted images (DWI) showed hyperintensity in the cerebral cortex while electroencephalogram (EEG) showed nonspecific change. 14-3-3 protein and real-time qualing-induced conversion (RT-QuIC) of cerebrospinal fluid were negative. She died at age 85, 3.5 years after the onset. Pathological investigation revealed spongiform change, severe neuronal loss, and gliosis in the cerebral cortex. Mild to moderate neuronal loss and gliosis were observed in the basal ganglia. PrP immunostaining revealed plaque-like, dotlike, and synaptic structures in the cerebral cortex and small plaque-like structures in the molecular layer of the cerebellum. Analysis of PRNP showed no pathogenic mutations, and Western blot examination revealed the lack of a diglycosylated band consistent with VPSPr. The present case, which is the first report on a VPSPr case in Japan, supports previously published evidence that VPSPr cases can present variable and nonspecific clinical presentations. Because a small number of VPSPr cases can show typical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) change in sCJD. We should investigate the possibility of VPSPr in a differential diagnosis with atypical dementia that presented DWIs of high intensity in the cortex, even though 14-3-3 proteins and RT-QuIC are both negative. In addition, VPSPr cases can take a longer clinical course compared to that of sCJD, and long-term follow-up is important.

散发性克雅氏病(sCJD)的典型临床表现为快速进行性痴呆和肌阵挛。然而,由于其广泛的表型变异,非典型sCJD的诊断可能具有挑战性。我们报告一例在密码子129处具有Met/Met同质性的可变蛋白酶敏感性朊病(VPSPr)的尸检病例。81岁女性,无运动症状,表现为记忆丧失。发病17个月后,她的自发语言几乎消失了。弥散加权图像(DWI)显示大脑皮层高信号,脑电图(EEG)显示非特异性改变。脑脊液14-3-3蛋白和实时定量诱导转化(RT-QuIC)均为阴性。她在发病3.5年后,享年85岁。病理检查显示海绵状改变,严重的神经元丢失,大脑皮层胶质细胞增生。基底节区出现轻度至中度神经元丢失和神经胶质瘤。PrP免疫染色显示大脑皮层斑块样、点状和突触结构,小脑分子层小斑块样结构。PRNP分析未发现致病性突变,Western blot检测显示缺乏与VPSPr一致的二糖基化带。本病例是日本关于VPSPr病例的第一份报告,支持了先前发表的证据,即VPSPr病例可出现可变和非特异性临床表现。因为少数VPSPr病例可以在sCJD中表现出典型的磁共振成像(MRI)改变。即使14-3-3蛋白和RT-QuIC均为阴性,我们仍应探讨VPSPr在非典型痴呆鉴别诊断中的可能性。此外,与sCJD相比,VPSPr病例的临床病程更长,长期随访很重要。
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引用次数: 0
Granular cell tumor of the neurohypophysis presenting as a third ventricle mass. 神经垂体颗粒细胞瘤,表现为第三脑室肿块。
IF 2.3 4区 医学 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-05-05 DOI: 10.1111/neup.12907
Gianluca Lopez, Carlo Pescia, Carlo Galli, Manuela Bramerio, Antonella Tosoni, Manuela Nebuloni, Mariarosa Ferrara, Giulio Bertani, Luca Caschera, Fabio Maria Triulzi, Marco Locatelli, Silvia Tabano, Giorgio Alberto Croci

Granular cell tumors of the neurohypophysis (GCT) are rare benign neoplasms belonging, along with pituicytoma and spindle cell oncocytoma, to the family of TTF1-positive low-grade neoplasms of the posterior pituitary gland. GCT usually present as a solid sellar mass, slowly growing and causing compressive symptoms over time, occasionally with suprasellar extension. They comprise polygonal monomorphous cells with abundant granular cytoplasm, which is ultrastructurally filled with lysosomes. Here we report the case of a GCT presenting as a third ventricle mass, radiologically mimicking chordoid glioma, with aberrant expression of GFAP and Annexin-A, which lends itself as an example of an integrated diagnostic approach to sellar/suprasellar and third ventricle masses.

神经垂体颗粒细胞瘤(GCT)是一种罕见的良性肿瘤,与垂体瘤和梭形细胞癌一样,属于垂体后腺ttf1阳性的低级别肿瘤家族。GCT通常表现为坚实的鞍上肿块,缓慢生长,并随着时间的推移引起压迫症状,偶尔伴有鞍上延伸。它们由多边形单形细胞组成,具有丰富的颗粒状细胞质,在超微结构上充满溶酶体。在这里,我们报告一例GCT表现为第三脑室肿块,放射学上模仿脊索样胶质瘤,伴有GFAP和Annexin-A的异常表达,这使其成为鞍/鞍上和第三脑室肿块的综合诊断方法的一个例子。
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引用次数: 0
Comments on an autopsy case of progressive supranuclear palsy treated with monoclonal antibody against tau. 单克隆tau抗体治疗进行性核上性麻痹1例尸检报告。
IF 1.3 4区 医学 Q4 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-05-16 DOI: 10.1111/neup.12910
Shunsuke Koga, Dennis W Dickson, Zbigniew K Wszolek
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Neuropathology
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