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Two Effective Properties of ω-Rational Functions ω-有理函数的两个有效性质
Pub Date : 2021-09-06 DOI: 10.1142/s0129054121500283
O. Finkel
We prove two new effective properties of rational functions over infinite words which are realized by finite state Büchi transducers. Firstly, for each such function [Formula: see text], one can construct a deterministic Büchi automaton [Formula: see text] accepting a dense [Formula: see text]-subset of [Formula: see text] such that the restriction of [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text] is continuous. Secondly, we give a new proof of the decidability of the first Baire class for synchronous [Formula: see text]-rational functions from which we get an extension of this result involving the notion of Wadge classes of regular [Formula: see text]-languages.
证明了无限字上有理函数的两个新的有效性质,这两个性质是用有限态 chi换能器实现的。首先,对于每一个这样的函数[公式:见文],我们可以构造一个确定性的b自动机[公式:见文],它接受[公式:见文]的一个密集的[公式:见文]子集,使得[公式:见文]对[公式:见文]的限制是连续的。其次,我们给出了同步[公式:见文]-有理函数的第一个Baire类的可判定性的新证明,并由此得到了包含正则[公式:见文]-语言的Wadge类概念的扩展。
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引用次数: 0
Extremal Results on Vertex and Link Residual Closeness 顶点和链路残差接近的极值结果
Pub Date : 2021-09-06 DOI: 10.1142/s0129054121500295
Bo Zhou, Zhenan Li, Haiyan Guo
Robustness of the network topology is a key aspect in the design of computer networks. Vertex (Link, respectively) residual closeness is a new graph-theoretic concept defined as a measure of network robustness due to the failure of individual vertices (links, respectively). In this paper, we identify the trees and unicyclic graphs with the first a few smallest vertex residual closeness, and determine the graphs that minimize or maximize the vertex (link, respectively) residual closeness over some classes of graphs.
网络拓扑的鲁棒性是计算机网络设计的一个重要方面。顶点(分别为链接)残差接近度是一个新的图论概念,被定义为由于单个顶点(分别为链接)失效而导致的网络鲁棒性度量。在本文中,我们识别了具有前几个最小顶点残差接近度的树图和单环图,并确定了在某些图类上顶点残差接近度最小或最大的图(分别为链接)。
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引用次数: 8
Normalish Amenable Subgroups of the R. Thompson Groups 汤普森群的规范化可服从子群
Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.1142/s0129054121420089
C. Bleak
Results in [Formula: see text] algebras, of Matte Bon and Le Boudec, and of Haagerup and Olesen, apply to the R. Thompson groups [Formula: see text]. These results together show that [Formula: see text] is non-amenable if and only if [Formula: see text] has a simple reduced [Formula: see text]-algebra. In further investigations into the structure of [Formula: see text]-algebras, Breuillard, Kalantar, Kennedy, and Ozawa introduce the notion of a normalish subgroup of a group [Formula: see text]. They show that if a group [Formula: see text] admits no non-trivial finite normal subgroups and no normalish amenable subgroups then it has a simple reduced [Formula: see text]-algebra. Our chief result concerns the R. Thompson groups [Formula: see text]; we show that there is an elementary amenable group [Formula: see text] [where here, [Formula: see text]] with [Formula: see text] normalish in [Formula: see text]. The proof given uses a natural partial action of the group [Formula: see text] on a regular language determined by a synchronising automaton in order to verify a certain stability condition: once again highlighting the existence of interesting intersections of the theory of [Formula: see text] with various forms of formal language theory.
Matte Bon和Le Boudec以及Haagerup和Olesen代数中的结果适用于R. Thompson群[公式:见文本]。这些结果共同表明,当且仅当[公式:见文]具有简单简化的[公式:见文]-代数时,[公式:见文]是不可接受的。在对代数结构的进一步研究中,Breuillard, Kalantar, Kennedy和Ozawa引入了群的正规子群的概念[公式:见文本]。他们证明,如果一个群[公式:见文]不存在非平凡有限正规子群,也不存在正则化可服从的子群,那么它就有一个简单的简化[公式:见文]-代数。我们的主要结果与R. Thompson组有关[公式:见文本];我们证明存在一个基本可服从群[公式:见文][在这里,[公式:见文]]与[公式:见文]中的[公式:见文]正态化。给出的证明使用了群[公式:见文]在由同步自动机决定的规则语言上的自然部分作用,以验证一定的稳定性条件:再次突出了[公式:见文]理论与各种形式语言理论的有趣交集的存在。
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引用次数: 1
Extremal Binary PFAs with Small Number of States 具有小状态数的极值二元PFAs
Pub Date : 2021-08-25 DOI: 10.1142/S0129054122440038
Stijn Cambie, M. Bondt, H. Don
The largest known reset thresholds for DFAs are equal to [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is the number of states. This is conjectured to be the maximum possible. PFAs (with partial transition function) can have exponentially large reset thresholds. This is still true if we restrict to binary PFAs. However, asymptotics do not give conclusions for fixed [Formula: see text]. We prove that the maximal reset threshold for binary PFAs is strictly greater than [Formula: see text] if and only if [Formula: see text]. These results are mostly based on the analysis of synchronizing word lengths for a certain family of binary PFAs. This family has the following properties: it contains the well-known Černý automata; for [Formula: see text] it contains a binary PFA with maximal possible reset threshold; for all [Formula: see text] it contains a PFA with reset threshold larger than the maximum known for DFAs. Analysis of this family reveals remarkable patterns involving the Fibonacci numbers and related sequences such as the Padovan sequence. We derive explicit formulas for the reset thresholds in terms of these recurrent sequences. Asymptotically the Černý family gives reset thresholds of polynomial order. We prove that PFAs in the family are not extremal for [Formula: see text]. For that purpose, we present an improvement of Martyugin’s prime number construction of binary PFAs.
已知最大的dfa重置阈值等于[Formula: see text],其中[Formula: see text]是状态数。据推测这是可能的最大值。PFAs(具有部分转移函数)可以具有指数级大的重置阈值。如果我们限制为二进制pfa,这仍然是正确的。然而,对于固定的情况,渐近性不能给出结论[公式:见文本]。我们证明了二元PFAs的最大复位阈值严格大于[公式:见文]当且仅当[公式:见文]。这些结果主要是基于对某些二进制PFAs族的同步字长的分析。这个系列具有以下性质:它包含众所周知的Černý自动机;对于[公式:见文本],它包含一个具有最大可能复位阈值的二进制PFA;对于所有[公式:见文本],它包含一个重置阈值大于dfa已知最大值的PFA。对这个家族的分析揭示了涉及斐波那契数列和相关序列(如帕多万序列)的显著模式。我们根据这些循环序列推导出复位阈值的显式公式。渐近的Černý族给出了多项式阶的重置阈值。我们证明了家庭中的PFAs不是极端的[公式:见文本]。为此,我们提出了一种改进的martyyugin二元pfa素数构造方法。
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引用次数: 0
Alternate Lucas Cubes 交替卢卡斯方块
Pub Date : 2021-08-04 DOI: 10.1142/s0129054121500271
Ö. Eğecioğlu, Elif Saygı, Zülfükar Saygı
We introduce alternate Lucas cubes, a new family of graphs designed as an alternative for the well known Lucas cubes. These interconnection networks are subgraphs of Fibonacci cubes and have a useful fundamental decomposition similar to the one for Fibonacci cubes. The vertices of alternate Lucas cubes are constructed from binary strings that are encodings of Lucas representation of integers. As well as ordinary hypercubes, Fibonacci cubes and Lucas cubes, alternate Lucas cubes have several interesting structural and enumerative properties. In this paper we study some of these properties. Specifically, we give the fundamental decomposition giving the recursive structure, determine the number of edges, number of vertices by weight, the distribution of the degrees; as well as the properties of induced hypercubes, [Formula: see text]-cube polynomials and maximal hypercube polynomials. We also obtain the irregularity polynomials of this family of graphs, determine the conditions for Hamiltonicity, and calculate metric properties such as the radius, diameter, and the center.
我们介绍了备选卢卡斯立方体,这是一组新的图,被设计为众所周知的卢卡斯立方体的替代方案。这些互连网络是斐波那契立方体的子图,并且具有类似于斐波那契立方体的有用的基本分解。交替卢卡斯立方体的顶点由二进制字符串构成,二进制字符串是整数的卢卡斯表示的编码。除了普通的超立方体、斐波那契立方体和卢卡斯立方体之外,备选卢卡斯立方体还有一些有趣的结构和枚举性质。本文研究了其中的一些性质。具体来说,我们给出了基本的分解给出了递归结构,确定了边数、顶点数的权重、度的分布;以及诱导超立方体,[公式:见文本]-立方体多项式和极大超立方体多项式的性质。我们还得到了这类图的不规则多项式,确定了哈密性的条件,并计算了半径、直径和中心等度量性质。
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引用次数: 3
On the Construction of Multiply Constant-Weight Codes 关于多重等权码的构造
Pub Date : 2021-08-04 DOI: 10.1142/s012905412150026x
Jiejing Wen, Fang-Wei Fu
Multiply constant-weight codes (MCWCs) were introduced recently to improve the reliability of certain physically unclonable function response. In this paper, two methods of constructing MCWCs are presented following the concatenation methodology. In other words, MCWCs are constructed by concatenating approximate outer codes and inner codes. Besides, several classes of optimal MCWCs are derived from these methods. In the first method, the outer codes are [Formula: see text]-ary codes and the inner codes are constant-weight codes over [Formula: see text]. Furthermore, if the outer code achieves the Plotkin bound and the inner code achieves Johnson bound, then the resulting MCWC is optimal. In the second method, the outer codes are [Formula: see text]-ary codes and the inner codes are MCWCs. Furthermore, if the outer code achieves the Plotkin bound and the inner code achieves the Johnson bound, then the resulting MCWC is optimal.
为了提高某些物理上不可克隆的函数响应的可靠性,近年来引入了多重等权码(mcwc)。在本文中,提出了两种构建mcwc的方法。换句话说,mcwc是通过连接近似的外部代码和内部代码来构建的。此外,还推导出了几类最优mcwc。在第一种方法中,外部代码是[公式:见文]任意代码,内部代码是[公式:见文]上的等权代码。此外,如果外部代码达到Plotkin界,内部代码达到Johnson界,则得到的MCWC是最优的。在第二种方法中,外部代码为[公式:见文]- any代码,内部代码为mcwc。此外,如果外部代码达到Plotkin界,内部代码达到Johnson界,则得到的MCWC是最优的。
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引用次数: 0
Simplifications of Uniform Expressions Specified by Systems 系统指定的统一表达式的简化
Pub Date : 2021-07-14 DOI: 10.1142/S0129054121420065
F. Koechlin, C. Nicaud, P. Rotondo
In this article, we study the impact of applying simple reduction rules to random syntactic formulas encoded as trees. We assume that there is an operator that has an absorbing pattern and prove that if we use this property to simplify a uniform random expression with [Formula: see text] nodes, then the expected size of the result is bounded by a constant. The same holds for higher moments, establishing the lack of expressivity of uniform random expressions. Our framework is quite general as we consider expressions defined by systems of combinatorial equations. For our proofs, we rely on Drmota’s multidimensional theorem for systems of generating functions.
在本文中,我们研究了将简单约简规则应用于编码为树的随机语法公式的影响。我们假设存在一个具有吸收模式的算子,并证明如果我们利用这一性质简化具有[公式:见文本]节点的均匀随机表达式,则结果的期望大小以常数为界。这同样适用于更高的时刻,建立了统一随机表达式的缺乏表现力。当我们考虑由组合方程系统定义的表达式时,我们的框架是相当一般的。对于我们的证明,我们依赖于生成函数系统的Drmota的多维定理。
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引用次数: 2
Recognizing Lexicographically Smallest Words and Computing Successors in Regular Languages 在正则语言中识别字典最小词和计算后继词
Pub Date : 2021-06-05 DOI: 10.1142/S0129054121420028
Lukas Fleischer, J. Shallit
For a formal language [Formula: see text], the problem of language enumeration asks to compute the length-lexicographically smallest word in [Formula: see text] larger than a given input [Formula: see text] (henceforth called the [Formula: see text]-successor of [Formula: see text]). We investigate this problem for regular languages from a computational complexity and state complexity perspective. We first show that if [Formula: see text] is recognized by a DFA with [Formula: see text] states, then [Formula: see text] states are (in general) necessary and sufficient for an unambiguous finite-state transducer to compute [Formula: see text]-successors. As a byproduct, we obtain that if [Formula: see text] is recognized by a DFA with [Formula: see text] states, then [Formula: see text] states are sufficient for a DFA to recognize the subset [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] composed of its lexicographically smallest words. We give a matching lower bound that holds even if [Formula: see text] is represented as an NFA. It has been known that [Formula: see text]-successors can be computed in polynomial time, even if the regular language is given as part of the input (assuming a suitable representation of the language, such as a DFA). In this paper, we refine this result in multiple directions. We show that if the regular language is given as part of the input and encoded as a DFA, the problem is in [Formula: see text]. If the regular language [Formula: see text] is fixed, we prove that the enumeration problem of the language is reducible to deciding membership to the Myhill-Nerode equivalence classes of [Formula: see text] under [Formula: see text]-uniform [Formula: see text] reductions. In particular, this implies that fixed star-free languages can be enumerated in [Formula: see text], arbitrary fixed regular languages can be enumerated in [Formula: see text] and that there exist regular languages for which the problem is [Formula: see text]-complete.
对于一种形式语言[Formula: see text],语言枚举问题要求计算[Formula: see text]中比给定输入[Formula: see text](今后称为[Formula: see text]- [Formula: see text]的后继者)大的按字典顺序排列的最小单词的长度。我们从计算复杂性和状态复杂性的角度来研究正则语言的这个问题。我们首先表明,如果[Formula: see text]被具有[Formula: see text]状态的DFA识别,那么[Formula: see text]状态(通常)对于一个明确的有限状态传感器计算[Formula: see text]-后继器是必要和充分的。作为一个副产品,我们得到,如果[Formula: see text]被具有[Formula: see text]状态的DFA识别,那么[Formula: see text]状态就足以让DFA识别由字典上最小的单词组成的[Formula: see text]子集[Formula: see text]。我们给出了一个匹配的下界,即使[公式:见文本]被表示为NFA。众所周知,[公式:见文本]-继承者可以在多项式时间内计算,即使正则语言作为输入的一部分给出(假设语言的合适表示,例如DFA)。在本文中,我们从多个方向对这一结果进行了改进。我们表明,如果正则语言作为输入的一部分给出并编码为DFA,问题就在[公式:见文本]中。如果正则语言[公式:见文]是固定的,我们证明了该语言的枚举问题可约简为在[公式:见文]-一致[公式:见文]约简下决定[公式:见文]的Myhill-Nerode等价类的隶属关系。特别地,这意味着固定的无星型语言可以在[公式:见文本]中枚举,任意固定的正则语言可以在[公式:见文本]中枚举,并且存在问题为[公式:见文本]-complete的正则语言。
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引用次数: 2
The r-Extra Diagnosability of Hyper Petersen Graphs 超Petersen图的r-额外可诊断性
Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.1142/S0129054121500234
Shiying Wang
The diagnosability of a multiprocessor system or an interconnection network plays an important role in measuring the fault tolerance of the network. In 2016, Zhang et al. proposed a new measure for fault diagnosis of the system, namely, the [Formula: see text]-extra diagnosability, which restrains that every fault-free component has at least [Formula: see text] fault-free nodes. As a famous topology structure of interconnection networks, the hyper Petersen graph [Formula: see text] has many good properties. It is difficult to prove the [Formula: see text]-extra diagnosability of an interconnection network. In this paper, we show that the [Formula: see text]-extra diagnosability of [Formula: see text] is [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] in the PMC model and for [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] in the MM[Formula: see text] model.
多处理机系统或互连网络的可诊断性是衡量网络容错能力的重要指标。2016年,Zhang等人提出了一种新的系统故障诊断度量,即[公式:见文]-额外可诊断性,它约束每个无故障组件至少有[公式:见文]个无故障节点。超Petersen图[公式:见文]是著名的互连网络拓扑结构,具有许多优良的性质。互连网络的额外可诊断性是很难证明的。在本文中,我们证明了[公式:见文]-[公式:见文]的额外可诊断性对于PMC模型中的[公式:见文]和[公式:见文],以及对于MM[公式:见文]模型中的[公式:见文]和[公式:见文]是[公式:见文]。
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引用次数: 0
Definability Results for Top-Down Tree Transducers 自顶向下树形传感器的可定义性结果
Pub Date : 2021-05-31 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-81508-0_24
S. Maneth, H. Seidl, Martin Vu
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引用次数: 1
期刊
Int. J. Found. Comput. Sci.
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