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Structural Synthesis of PLC Program for Real-Time Specification Patterns 实时规格模式PLC程序结构综合
Pub Date : 2022-08-31 DOI: 10.1142/s0129054122420217
Kai Xie, Zijian Wei, Kang Yin, Songsong Li, Xinyan Yao, Xiaoyu Zhou
Among all the reactive synthesis methods, the results of the structural synthesis have the best interpretability and traceability. However, existing structural synthesis method cannot deal with real-time specifications and specifications with circular dependencies. A structural synthesis method for Programmable Logic Controller programs is proposed. First, a real-time specification pattern language, RTSPS4Syn, is proposed. Under the condition that there is no circular dependency between the specification items, the implementations of a specification item are assembled structurally from the implementation of its scope and property expression; and the programs for the specification items are concatenated according to the order of priority and dependency to obtain the synthesized program. This paper presents a method to eliminate the circular dependence of specifications, such that the synthesis approach can be applied to specifications with circular dependency. Furthermore, this paper presents an approach for setting the preset values of timers when considering tolerance on the duration of the delay. The synthesis method does not need to check the conflict and determine the nondeterministic part of the specifications. These problems are solved in existing research by constraint solving in PSPACE.
在所有的反应性合成方法中,结构合成的结果具有最好的可解释性和可追溯性。然而,现有的结构综合方法无法处理实时规格和具有循环依赖关系的规格。提出了一种可编程逻辑控制器程序的结构综合方法。首先,提出了实时规范模式语言RTSPS4Syn。在规范项之间不存在循环依赖的情况下,规范项的实现从其作用域和属性表达式的实现进行结构组装;将各规范项的程序按照优先级和依赖关系的顺序进行串联,得到综合程序。本文提出了一种消除规范循环依赖的方法,使综合方法可以应用于具有循环依赖的规范。在此基础上,提出了一种考虑时延公差的定时器预设值的设置方法。综合方法不需要检查规范的冲突和确定规范的不确定性部分。这些问题在现有的PSPACE研究中都是通过约束求解来解决的。
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引用次数: 0
Improving the Quality of Service (QoS) and Resource Allocation in Vehicular Platoon Using Meta-Heuristic Optimization Algorithm 利用元启发式优化算法提高车辆队列的服务质量和资源分配
Pub Date : 2022-08-30 DOI: 10.1142/s0129054122420072
R. Priya, N. Sivakumar
The concept of vehicular platooning is emerging due to its self-driving capability, whereas a set of cars are arranged closely and that can drive safely even in high speed. Moreover the communication can also takes place between two platoons and hence the platoon leader can control the speed and direction. Traffic difficulties, like as collisions and delay at road junctions, need the use of platoon mechanisms. The most efficient vehicle traffic management in platoons is acknowledged in Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) for improving energy efficiency, road capacity, and road safety. Essentially, it is critical to analyse the connection characteristic of any two platoons in order to improve connectivity. As a result, under bi-directional platoon architecture, the possibility of connectivity between platoon members and Road Side Units (RSUs) is generated. Providing Quality of Service (QoS) to automotive network is difficult issue because elements such as asynchronous transmission or high mobility, crowded and fragmented channels, hardware defects, and various vehicular gadgets. As a result, it is extremely desired to utilize and distribute resources efficiently. Despite the existence of other bio-inspired meta-heuristic optimization methods, the Bacterial Foraging Algorithm has the benefit of simplicity and efficiency, and so may be used to a wide range of engineering applications. However, in the event of sophisticated analysis, the constraint is a lower convergence rate. To improve resource allocation, this study employs the Improved Bacterial Foraging Optimization based Channel Allocation (IBFOCA) technique. Set of channels allocated to platoon members are signified as bacteria’s position. By using latency, Signal-to-Interference Ratio (SINR) and Quality of Service (QoS), available channel is initially determined. This approach is used to find a channel that is acceptable for platoon members. Simulation results are used to examine the presentation of multi-channel distributions in platoons utilizing suggested optimization strategy. Signal-to-interference ratio is lowered by 29 decibel, throughput is raised by 69 kilobits per second, collision probability is reduced by 21.4 percent, and average batch size is 57 percent with a delay of 49 milliseconds.
车辆排成一排的概念之所以出现,是因为它具有自动驾驶的能力,而一组车紧密排列在一起,即使在高速行驶中也能安全行驶。此外,通信也可以在两个排之间进行,因此排长可以控制速度和方向。交通困难,比如在路口的碰撞和延误,需要使用排排机制。在智能交通系统(ITS)中,最有效的车辆交通管理被公认为提高能源效率,道路容量和道路安全。从本质上讲,分析任意两个排的连接特性是提高连通性的关键。因此,在双向组队架构下,组队成员与路旁单位(Road Side Units, rsu)之间产生了连接的可能性。由于异步传输或高移动性、拥挤和分散的信道、硬件缺陷和各种车载设备等因素,向汽车网络提供服务质量(QoS)是一个难题。因此,有效地利用和分配资源是非常需要的。尽管存在其他启发生物的元启发式优化方法,但细菌觅食算法具有简单和高效的优点,因此可以用于广泛的工程应用。然而,在复杂分析的情况下,约束是较低的收敛速率。为了提高资源分配效率,本研究采用了基于改进细菌觅食优化的通道分配(IBFOCA)技术。分配给排成员的通道集表示为细菌的位置。通过使用延迟、信干扰比(SINR)和服务质量(QoS),初步确定可用信道。这种方法用于寻找排成员可以接受的通道。仿真结果被用来检验多通道分布的表现在排利用建议的优化策略。信干扰比降低了29分贝,吞吐量提高了69千比特/秒,碰撞概率降低了21.4%,平均批大小减少了57%,延迟为49毫秒。
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引用次数: 0
Hybrid Enhanced Binary Honey Badger Algorithm with Quadratic Programming for Cardinality Constrained Portfolio Optimization 基于二次规划的混合增强二元蜜獾算法用于基数约束投资组合优化
Pub Date : 2022-08-30 DOI: 10.1142/s0129054122420151
Bai-Pin Ni, Ying Wang, Jingfu Huang, Guocheng Li
A portfolio selection problem with cardinality constraints has been proved to be an NP-hard problem, and it is difficult to solve by the traditional optimization methods. This study considers it to be a hybrid of a classical feature selection problem and a standard mean-variance (MV) portfolio selection model. In particular, we propose a new hybrid meta-heuristic algorithm that combines an enhanced binary honey badger algorithm (EBHBA) with quadratic programming to address this issue. First, we employ the proposed EBHBA algorithm to select a portfolio of [Formula: see text] stocks from [Formula: see text] candidate stocks. Second, based on its choice we transform the problem into a mean-variance model, whose objective function could be defined as the fitness function of EBHBA. Finally, the optimal solution to the model could be found with the quadratic programming method. We also test our approach using the benchmark data sets available at the OR-Library involving real capital markets, where indices are derived from major stock markets around the world. Computational results demonstrate that the proposed method can achieve a satisfactory result for portfolio selection with cardinality constraints and perform well in searching non-dominated portfolios with high expected returns.
具有基数约束的投资组合选择问题是一个np困难问题,传统的优化方法难以求解。本研究将其视为经典特征选择问题与标准均值-方差(MV)投资组合选择模型的混合。特别地,我们提出了一种新的混合元启发式算法,该算法将增强型二元蜜獾算法(EBHBA)与二次规划相结合来解决这一问题。首先,我们采用提出的EBHBA算法从[公式:见文]候选股票中选择[公式:见文]股票组合。其次,根据其选择将问题转化为均值-方差模型,其目标函数可定义为EBHBA的适应度函数。最后,利用二次规划方法求出模型的最优解。我们还使用OR-Library中涉及真实资本市场的基准数据集来测试我们的方法,其中的指数来自世界各地的主要股票市场。计算结果表明,该方法在具有基数约束的组合选择中取得了满意的结果,在搜索具有高期望收益的非主导组合方面表现良好。
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引用次数: 0
Recomputation of Public Capital Based on PIM and the Effect on China Regional Economic Growth 基于PIM的公共资本再计算及其对中国区域经济增长的影响
Pub Date : 2022-08-19 DOI: 10.1142/s0129054122420126
Zeqiang Ni, Lei Zhang, Jun He
This paper first reestimates the public capital stock of each China province from 1994 to 2019 by improving the computing method of the components of the perpetual inventory method (PIM). Then, it brings the public investment and public capital into the extended Cobb-Douglas production function and explores the mechanism of public investment affecting economic growth from the regional perspective. Furthermore, through the analysis of the Local Government Financing Vehicles (LGFVs) as the major investor of local public investment during the last two decades, This paper confirms the importance of complementary factors such as institutional innovation and effective management of the public infrastructure in making public investment an “effective catalyst for growth” (Kessides, 1993).
本文首先通过改进永续盘存法(PIM)各组成部分的计算方法,对1994 - 2019年中国各省的公共资本存量进行了重新估计。然后,将公共投资和公共资本纳入扩展的柯布-道格拉斯生产函数,从区域视角探讨公共投资对经济增长的影响机制。此外,通过对地方政府融资平台(lgfv)在过去二十年中作为地方公共投资的主要投资者的分析,本文证实了制度创新和公共基础设施的有效管理等互补因素在使公共投资成为“有效的增长催化剂”方面的重要性(Kessides, 1993)。
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引用次数: 0
New Bounds for Some Topological Indices 一些拓扑指标的新界
Pub Date : 2022-08-19 DOI: 10.1142/s0129054122420230
Havva Kirgiz, A. D. Maden
The biological, chemical, and structural properties of molecular graphs can be predicted by using topological indices. The lower and upper bounds of fundamental topological indices are well-studied. In this paper, by using comparison theorem for integrals, we obtain new bounds for some topological indices namely, Randić index, Sombor index, harmonic index and forgotten index.
分子图的生物、化学和结构性质可以用拓扑指数来预测。基本拓扑指标的下界和上界得到了很好的研究。本文利用积分的比较定理,得到了一些拓扑指标即randiovic指标、Sombor指标、调和指标和遗忘指标的新界。
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引用次数: 0
Identifying the Configurations to Operating Efficiency in China's Life Insurance Industry Using Fuzzy-Set Qualitative Comparative Analysis 运用模糊集定性比较分析法确定中国寿险行业经营效率的配置
Pub Date : 2022-08-19 DOI: 10.1142/s0129054122420187
Wei Zhang, Zhiguang Li
This paper aims to measure the operating efficiency of 22 Chinese domestic and foreign-funded life insurance companies from 2013 to 2017 and outline the path to achieve high-quality development. The DEA-Malmquist was used to evaluate the total factor productivity on the sample of 22 Chinese domestic and foreign-funded life insurance companies. A fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) was also used to analyze the configuration of determinants affecting technical efficiency. The results show that the overall operating efficiency of life insurance companies in China is relatively satisfying. The changes in total factor productivity are mainly caused by changes in technical efficiency and changes in efficiency. However, changes in scale efficiency have little effect on Chinese domestic and foreign-funded life insurance companies. There is a significant difference in the operating efficiency between Chinese domestic and foreign-funded life insurance companies. In contrast, the operating efficiency is slightly higher than that of foreign-funded life insurance companies, which is mainly reflected in the difference in pure technical efficiency. The realization path of a life insurance company’s operating efficiency is primarily composed of high employee education and low overclosing ratio, high employee education and low reinsurance ratio, and all-factor positive investment. The weak employee quality and excessive overclosing are the main reasons for the low operating efficiency of some enterprises. This paper systematically analyzes the impact of the organization’s internal structure on the operating efficiency of life insurance companies. Finally, based on the configuration perspective, we explain the internal logic and path of achieving better operating efficiency. In the end, we also provide decision-making references for further improving the efficient operation of life insurance companies in China.
本文旨在对2013年至2017年22家中国内外资寿险公司的经营效率进行测度,勾勒出实现高质量发展的路径。采用DEA-Malmquist对22家中外合资寿险公司的全要素生产率进行了评价。采用模糊集定性比较分析法(fsQCA)对影响技术效率的决定因素进行了分析。结果表明,中国寿险公司的整体经营效率是比较令人满意的。全要素生产率的变化主要是由技术效率的变化和效率的变化引起的。然而,规模效率的变化对中国境内和外资寿险公司的影响不大。中国内资和外资寿险公司的经营效率存在显著差异。相比之下,经营效率略高于外资寿险公司,这主要体现在纯技术效率上的差异。寿险公司经营效率的实现路径主要由高员工教育低过盈率、高员工教育低再保率和全因素正投资构成。员工素质薄弱、过度封闭是部分企业经营效率低下的主要原因。本文系统地分析了组织内部结构对寿险公司经营效率的影响。最后,从配置的角度解释了实现更高运行效率的内在逻辑和路径。最后,为进一步提高中国寿险公司的高效运营提供决策参考。
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引用次数: 1
Special Aquatic Products Supply Chain Coordination Considering Bilateral Green Input in the Context of High-Quality Development 高质量发展背景下考虑双边绿色投入的特种水产品供应链协调
Pub Date : 2022-08-12 DOI: 10.1142/s0129054122420175
Liting Yu, Dongyan Liu, Nai-Ru Xu
The high-quality development of fishery puts forward two requirements for the supply of Aquatic Products(AP): The first is to increase the supply of high-quality, high-end and safe AP based on market demand;The second is to promote green aquaculture. Under this background, Special aquatic products (SAP) have become the main force of green aquaculture due to their higher nutritional value and good quality, the green development of Special aquatic products supply chain (SAPSC) can solve the urgent needs of consumers for “quality and healthy” AP. Combining with the characteristics that SAP farming is dominated by producers, we construct the Stackelberg Model of producer-dominated SAP, and analyze the different operation results of SAP in traditional aquaculture model(TAM) and green aquaculture model(GAM). Furthermore, the paper studies the optimal decision-making of supply chain based on the bilateral green input of producers and retailers, and designs a revenue-sharing contract(RSC) to coordinate the SAPSC. The main results are as follows: Compared with TAM, the demand for products under GAM is greater. And the producers and retailers are more profitable. The basic greenness and marketing level of the products have a driving effect on green development of SAPSC. The RSC is conducive to encouraging supply chain members to make green inputs. Finally, by analyzing the contract parameters and supply chain parameters, the validity of the contract and the correctness of the conclusion are verified.
渔业的高质量发展对水产品的供给提出了两个要求:一是立足市场需求,增加优质、高端、安全的水产品供给;二是推进绿色养殖。在此背景下,特种水产品(Special aquatic products, SAP)以其较高的营养价值和良好的品质成为绿色养殖的主力军,特种水产品供应链(Special aquatic products, SAPSC)的绿色发展可以解决消费者对“优质健康”特种水产品的迫切需求。结合特种水产品养殖以生产者为主的特点,我们构建了生产者主导的特种水产品(Special aquatic products, SAP)的Stackelberg模型。分析SAP在传统养殖模式(TAM)和绿色养殖模式(GAM)下的不同运行结果。在此基础上,研究了基于生产者和零售商双边绿色投入的供应链最优决策,并设计了一种收益共享契约(RSC)来协调生产者和零售商的绿色投入。主要结果如下:与TAM相比,GAM下的产品需求更大。生产商和零售商也更有利可图。产品的基本绿色度和营销水平对公司的绿色发展具有驱动作用。RSC有利于鼓励供应链成员进行绿色投入。最后,通过对合同参数和供应链参数的分析,验证了合同的有效性和结论的正确性。
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引用次数: 2
Research on Prediction of Housing Prices Based on GA-PSO-BP Neural Network Model: Evidence from Chongqing, China 基于GA-PSO-BP神经网络模型的房价预测研究——以重庆市为例
Pub Date : 2022-08-12 DOI: 10.1142/s0129054122420163
Ziyi Sun, Jing Zhang
Since 2000, the real estate industry has experienced rapid development, and at the same time, it has driven the rapid growth of housing prices, and the trend of housing prices has attracted attention. This paper integrates genetic algorithm and particle swarm algorithm to optimize BP neural network, and establishes a housing price prediction model based on mixed genetic particle swarm BP neural network. The average data of housing prices in Chongqing, China from 2000 to 2020 and several main factors affecting the trend of housing prices were selected as experimental data. Through the training and simulation prediction based on the mixed particle swarm BP neural network, the error between the predicted value and the actual value was within 0.5%, the validity and accuracy of the model are proved. At the same time, this paper predicts the average price of residential commercial housing in Chongqing in 2021, which provides a reference for the government’s macro-control and sellers to carry out residential commercial housing.
2000年以来,房地产业经历了高速发展的同时,带动了房价的快速增长,房价走势备受关注。结合遗传算法和粒子群算法对BP神经网络进行优化,建立了基于混合遗传粒子群BP神经网络的房价预测模型。选取2000 - 2020年中国重庆房价平均数据及影响房价走势的几个主要因素作为实验数据。通过基于混合粒子群BP神经网络的训练和仿真预测,预测值与实际值的误差在0.5%以内,证明了模型的有效性和准确性。同时,本文对2021年重庆市住宅商品房均价进行预测,为政府宏观调控和卖家开展住宅商品房提供参考。
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引用次数: 3
Sensitivity Analysis Contact Reliability of VH-CATT Cylindrical Gear and Its Reliability with Material Strength Degradation VH-CATT圆柱齿轮接触可靠性及其材料强度退化的灵敏度分析
Pub Date : 2022-08-12 DOI: 10.1142/s0129054122420102
Qi Zhang, Guang Wen, Zhixin Chen, Qin Zhou, Guoqi Xiang, Guangchun Yang, Zhang Xuegang
VH-CATT cylindrical gear is a new transmission mechanism. In order to study the influence of design parameters and material strength degradation of the VH-CATT cylindrical gear on its transmission reliability. The Kriging surrogate model based on improved quantum particle swarm optimization (QPSO) algorithm was used to establish the limit state equation of contact stress for the VH-CATT cylindrical gear based on the stress-strength interference theory. The state equation of contact stress of the VH-CATT cylindrical gear was obtained with higher precision. Also, the strength degradation model with gamma distribution was established by using the P-S-N curve to estimate the parameters of the strength degradation model with gamma distribution. The reliability sensitivity of the VH-CATT cylindrical gear was analyzed by improved first order second moment method (AFOSM) based on the limit state equation of contact stress of the VH-CATT cylindrical gear, the reliability of gear considering strength degradation was studied by using the improved first order second moment method (AFOSM). The analysis results show that the failure rate decreases with the increase of pressure Angle, tooth width, modulus and tooth radius. The failure rate increases with increasing torque. Strength degradation has a certain influence on the reliability of gear and opinion. And the reliability of the gear is lower than that of the opinion, Strength degradation has a greater influence on the failure probability of gear, at the same time, the reliability of the gear pair decreases with the strength degradation. After 15000 hours of operation, the reliability of the gear pair is only 0.63155.
VH-CATT圆柱齿轮是一种新型的传动机构。为了研究VH-CATT圆柱齿轮的设计参数和材料强度退化对其传动可靠性的影响。采用基于改进量子粒子群优化(QPSO)算法的Kriging代理模型,建立了基于应力-强度干涉理论的VH-CATT圆柱齿轮接触应力极限状态方程。得到了VH-CATT圆柱齿轮接触应力的状态方程,精度较高。并利用P-S-N曲线建立了具有gamma分布的强度退化模型,对具有gamma分布的强度退化模型参数进行了估计。基于VH-CATT圆柱齿轮接触应力极限状态方程,采用改进的一阶二阶矩法(AFOSM)分析了VH-CATT圆柱齿轮的可靠性灵敏度,采用改进的一阶二阶矩法(AFOSM)研究了考虑强度退化的齿轮的可靠性。分析结果表明:随着压力角、齿宽、模量和齿半径的增大,故障率降低;故障率随转矩的增大而增大。强度退化对齿轮的可靠性有一定的影响。齿轮的可靠性低于预期值,强度退化对齿轮失效概率的影响较大,同时齿轮副的可靠性随强度退化而降低。经过15000小时的运行,齿轮副的可靠性仅为0.63155。
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引用次数: 1
Sentiment Analysis of Chinese Reviews Based on BiTCN-Attention Model 基于bitcn -注意力模型的中文评论情感分析
Pub Date : 2022-08-11 DOI: 10.1142/s0129054122420138
Jiajing Zhang, Tingting Zhang, Jinlan Chen
It is of great significance for individuals, enterprises, and government departments to analyze and excavate the sentiment in the comments. Many deep learning models are used for text sentiment analysis, and the BiTCN model has good efficacy on sentiment analysis. However, in the actual semantic expression, the contribution of each word to the sentiment tendency is different, BiTCN treats it fairly and does not pay more attention to the key sentiment words. For this problem, a sentiment analysis model based on the BiTCN-Attention is proposed in this paper. The Self-Attention mechanism and Multi-Head Self-Attention mechanism are added to BiTCN respectively to form BiTCN-SA and BiTCN-MHSA, which improve the weight of sentiment words and the accuracy of feature extraction, to increase the effect of sentiment analysis. The experimental results show that the model accuracies of BiTCN-SA and BiTCN-MHSA in the JingDong commodity review data set are 3.96% and 2.41% higher than that of BiTCN, respectively. In the comment data set of DianPing, the accuracy of BiTCN-SA and BiTCN-MHSA improved by 4.62% and 3.49%, respectively, compared with that of BiTCN.
对于个人、企业和政府部门来说,分析和挖掘评论中的情绪都具有重要意义。许多深度学习模型被用于文本情感分析,BiTCN模型在情感分析上有很好的效果。然而,在实际的语义表达中,每个词对情感倾向的贡献是不同的,BiTCN对其对待比较公平,并没有对关键的情感词给予更多的关注。针对这一问题,本文提出了一种基于BiTCN-Attention的情感分析模型。在BiTCN中分别加入自注意机制和多头自注意机制,形成BiTCN- sa和BiTCN- mhsa,提高了情感词的权重和特征提取的准确性,提高了情感分析的效果。实验结果表明,在京东商品评论数据集中,BiTCN- sa和BiTCN- mhsa的模型准确率分别比BiTCN高3.96%和2.41%。在大众点评的评论数据集中,BiTCN- sa和BiTCN- mhsa的准确率比BiTCN分别提高了4.62%和3.49%。
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引用次数: 2
期刊
Int. J. Found. Comput. Sci.
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