{"title":"Working under the sun causes 1 in 3 deaths from non-melanoma skin cancer, say WHO AND ILO.","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19284,"journal":{"name":"Neurosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10827006/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139403757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objectives: To observe the accuracy of Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scans in evaluating neurological disorders.
Methods: This retrospective research used CT or MRI to diagnose and characterize brain disorders. Patients' records suffering from neurological disorders were considered eligible for inclusion, regardless of the time of appearance of symptoms, the severity of their symptoms, or their final clinical diagnosis. The exclusion criteria for this study involved patients who did not undergo either a CT or MRI scan. A chi-square test was performed to observe the association between the study variables. A total of 3155 cases were analyzed.
Results: The most prevalent comorbid was dyslipidemia 670 (21.6%) followed by hypertension 548 (17.6%). Overall brain disorders were confirmed in 2426 (77%) patients. It was observed that half of the patients 1543 (48.9%) were diagnosed with stroke. It was found that the accuracy of CT and MRI was 78% and 74% respectively. The association of modalities, patient type, and gender with the confirmation of diseases was not found significant (p=>0.05).
Conclusion: Our study revealed that CT and MRI were accurate by more than 75% and no difference was between both techniques to detect neurological disorders.
{"title":"Effectiveness of radiology modalities in diagnosing and characterizing brain disorders.","authors":"Sadeem Aljahdali, Ghofran Azim, Waad Zabani, Saeed Bafaraj, Jaber Alyami, Ahmed Abduljabbar","doi":"10.17712/nsj.2024.1.20230048","DOIUrl":"10.17712/nsj.2024.1.20230048","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To observe the accuracy of Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scans in evaluating neurological disorders.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective research used CT or MRI to diagnose and characterize brain disorders. Patients' records suffering from neurological disorders were considered eligible for inclusion, regardless of the time of appearance of symptoms, the severity of their symptoms, or their final clinical diagnosis. The exclusion criteria for this study involved patients who did not undergo either a CT or MRI scan. A chi-square test was performed to observe the association between the study variables. A total of 3155 cases were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The most prevalent comorbid was dyslipidemia 670 (21.6%) followed by hypertension 548 (17.6%). Overall brain disorders were confirmed in 2426 (77%) patients. It was observed that half of the patients 1543 (48.9%) were diagnosed with stroke. It was found that the accuracy of CT and MRI was 78% and 74% respectively. The association of modalities, patient type, and gender with the confirmation of diseases was not found significant (<i>p</i>=>0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study revealed that CT and MRI were accurate by more than 75% and no difference was between both techniques to detect neurological disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":19284,"journal":{"name":"Neurosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10827017/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139403749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.17712/nsj.2024.1.20230006
Khaled A Alshehri, Shaima H Abuhulayqah, Mohammed A Asiry, Suad A Alyamani
Objectives: To assess the frequency of adverse effects among pediatric and adult patients and the clinical variables associated with a higher probability of developing side effects.
Methods: This retrospective study enrolled pediatric and adult patients who underwent Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) implantation at our institution and had documented follow-up during clinic visits for at least 6 months after implantation. Data collected included demographic information, epilepsy diagnosis, and device data.
Results: A total of 43 patients with drug-resistant epilepsy who received a VNS device at our institution were enrolled. The median follow-up period was 12 months. Fourteen patients (32.55%) reported no side effects from VNS therapy. Side effects ranged from mild to severe, with significant side effects observed in 8 patients. Data on therapy efficacy were collected, and 10 patients (23.26%) reported no change in seizure frequency following device implantation.
Conclusion: This study demonstrates that VNS is an important adjunct treatment option for epilepsy patients. Dysphagia and dyspnea can be significant adverse effects leading to treatment discontinuation, aspiration pneumonia, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and prolonged hospital stay. These effects are more frequent in patients with symptomatic generalized epilepsy, global developmental delay at baseline, previous ICU admissions, abnormal brain magnetic resonance imaging findings, and seizures with multiple semiologies.
{"title":"Vagus nerve stimulation in medically refractory epilepsy: Adverse effects and clinical correlates.","authors":"Khaled A Alshehri, Shaima H Abuhulayqah, Mohammed A Asiry, Suad A Alyamani","doi":"10.17712/nsj.2024.1.20230006","DOIUrl":"10.17712/nsj.2024.1.20230006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To assess the frequency of adverse effects among pediatric and adult patients and the clinical variables associated with a higher probability of developing side effects.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study enrolled pediatric and adult patients who underwent Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) implantation at our institution and had documented follow-up during clinic visits for at least 6 months after implantation. Data collected included demographic information, epilepsy diagnosis, and device data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 43 patients with drug-resistant epilepsy who received a VNS device at our institution were enrolled. The median follow-up period was 12 months. Fourteen patients (32.55%) reported no side effects from VNS therapy. Side effects ranged from mild to severe, with significant side effects observed in 8 patients. Data on therapy efficacy were collected, and 10 patients (23.26%) reported no change in seizure frequency following device implantation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrates that VNS is an important adjunct treatment option for epilepsy patients. Dysphagia and dyspnea can be significant adverse effects leading to treatment discontinuation, aspiration pneumonia, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and prolonged hospital stay. These effects are more frequent in patients with symptomatic generalized epilepsy, global developmental delay at baseline, previous ICU admissions, abnormal brain magnetic resonance imaging findings, and seizures with multiple semiologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":19284,"journal":{"name":"Neurosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10827014/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139403756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.17712/nsj.2024.1.20230104
Sounira Mehri, Josef Finsterer, Vladimir S Jankovic
{"title":"Comment on: A relapse of Guillain-Barre syndrome caused by SARS-CoV-2 is not uncommon.","authors":"Sounira Mehri, Josef Finsterer, Vladimir S Jankovic","doi":"10.17712/nsj.2024.1.20230104","DOIUrl":"10.17712/nsj.2024.1.20230104","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19284,"journal":{"name":"Neurosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10827021/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139403745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.17712/nsj.2024.1.20230101
Josef Finsterer, Mohamed A Elkhalifa
{"title":"Comment on: Hydrodiscectomy is not indicated in patients with chronic radicular pain as long as all differentials have been ruled out.","authors":"Josef Finsterer, Mohamed A Elkhalifa","doi":"10.17712/nsj.2024.1.20230101","DOIUrl":"10.17712/nsj.2024.1.20230101","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19284,"journal":{"name":"Neurosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10827019/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139403746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.17712/nsj.2024.1.20230037
Faisal K Alfakeeh, Yazeed M Alghamdi, Bassam F Alharbi, Abdulaziz M Alotaibi, Khalid A Alsaleh, Abdullah M Alshubaili, Ryan H Mcrabi, Farhan K Alenazi, Awad Almuklass
Objectives: To determine the relationship between hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and different types of stroke, and how different comorbidities and risk factors are related to the occurrence of stroke in a Saudi Arabian tertiary care hospital.
Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The study included patients who experienced either hemorrhagic stroke (HS), ischemic stroke (IS), or transient ischemic attack (TIA) between 2015 and 2020.
Results: In total, 976 patients were included, of whom 670 were males (68.6%). The incidence of HS was significantly higher in males compared to females (14.2% vs. 6.9%), whereas the incidence of IS was higher in females (76.8% vs. 74.6%) (p=0.001). Ischemic stroke was significantly higher in the 65 years or older age group, whereas HS was comparatively higher among those aged <65 years. The means HbA1c levels in all three types of stroke were abnormally high. However, HbA1c levels were significantly higher in IS than in the other 2 stroke types (p=0.017). The HbA1c levels showed statistically significant differences between the different types of stroke, where the estimated marginal means were higher in patients with IS with a small effect size. Heart disease was also more prevalent in the IS group. Stroke-related mortality was reported in 16 patients and was significantly higher in the IS group than in the HS group.
Conclusion: The HbA1c levels were elevated in all types of stroke, significantly in IS. Controlling patients' HbA1c and other modifiable risk factors could significantly reduce the risk of stroke.
{"title":"HbA1c and risk factors' prevalence in patients with stroke: a retrospective study in a tertiary care hospital in Saudi Arabia.","authors":"Faisal K Alfakeeh, Yazeed M Alghamdi, Bassam F Alharbi, Abdulaziz M Alotaibi, Khalid A Alsaleh, Abdullah M Alshubaili, Ryan H Mcrabi, Farhan K Alenazi, Awad Almuklass","doi":"10.17712/nsj.2024.1.20230037","DOIUrl":"10.17712/nsj.2024.1.20230037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To determine the relationship between hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and different types of stroke, and how different comorbidities and risk factors are related to the occurrence of stroke in a Saudi Arabian tertiary care hospital.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study was conducted at King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The study included patients who experienced either hemorrhagic stroke (HS), ischemic stroke (IS), or transient ischemic attack (TIA) between 2015 and 2020.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 976 patients were included, of whom 670 were males (68.6%). The incidence of HS was significantly higher in males compared to females (14.2% vs. 6.9%), whereas the incidence of IS was higher in females (76.8% vs. 74.6%) (<i>p</i>=0.001). Ischemic stroke was significantly higher in the 65 years or older age group, whereas HS was comparatively higher among those aged <65 years. The means HbA1c levels in all three types of stroke were abnormally high. However, HbA1c levels were significantly higher in IS than in the other 2 stroke types (<i>p</i>=0.017). The HbA1c levels showed statistically significant differences between the different types of stroke, where the estimated marginal means were higher in patients with IS with a small effect size. Heart disease was also more prevalent in the IS group. Stroke-related mortality was reported in 16 patients and was significantly higher in the IS group than in the HS group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The HbA1c levels were elevated in all types of stroke, significantly in IS. Controlling patients' HbA1c and other modifiable risk factors could significantly reduce the risk of stroke.</p>","PeriodicalId":19284,"journal":{"name":"Neurosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10827011/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139403752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.17712/nsj.2024.1.20230043
Hala Azhari, Jonathan Hewitt, Alexander Smith, Martin O'Neill, Terence Quinn, Jesse Dawson
Objectives: To explore the barriers preventing pioglitazone use in stroke survivors and primary and secondary stroke care services.
Methods: A qualitative grounded theory approached design was used to assess post-stroke diabetes treatments and to assess clinical applicability of pioglitazone as a preventive treatment to minimize its side effects (SEs) associated. Three focus groups were established with 48 participants from Scotland and Wales health board centers during January 2019 to July 2022.
Results: A qualitative grounded theory approached design was used to assess post-stroke diabetes treatments and to assess clinical applicability of pioglitazone as a preventive treatment to minimize its SEs associated. Three focus groups were established with 48 participants from Scotland and Wales health board centers during January 2019 to July 2022.
Conclusion: These strategies might allow greater treatment adherence by stroke survivors and increased confidence of the health care professionals in their practice. The findings suggest that further research will be needed to facilitate wider usage of pioglitazone in treating people with stroke and health education is necessitate when using diabetes drugs post-stroke.
{"title":"Pioglitazone and barriers to effective post-stroke comorbidity management in stroke survivors with diabetes.","authors":"Hala Azhari, Jonathan Hewitt, Alexander Smith, Martin O'Neill, Terence Quinn, Jesse Dawson","doi":"10.17712/nsj.2024.1.20230043","DOIUrl":"10.17712/nsj.2024.1.20230043","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To explore the barriers preventing pioglitazone use in stroke survivors and primary and secondary stroke care services.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A qualitative grounded theory approached design was used to assess post-stroke diabetes treatments and to assess clinical applicability of pioglitazone as a preventive treatment to minimize its side effects (SEs) associated. Three focus groups were established with 48 participants from Scotland and Wales health board centers during January 2019 to July 2022.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A qualitative grounded theory approached design was used to assess post-stroke diabetes treatments and to assess clinical applicability of pioglitazone as a preventive treatment to minimize its SEs associated. Three focus groups were established with 48 participants from Scotland and Wales health board centers during January 2019 to July 2022.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These strategies might allow greater treatment adherence by stroke survivors and increased confidence of the health care professionals in their practice. The findings suggest that further research will be needed to facilitate wider usage of pioglitazone in treating people with stroke and health education is necessitate when using diabetes drugs post-stroke.</p>","PeriodicalId":19284,"journal":{"name":"Neurosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10827012/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139403754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Do allergic conditions increase the risk of developing Long-COVID after SARS-CoV-2 infection?","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19284,"journal":{"name":"Neurosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10827013/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139403747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Clinical trial in pregnant women addresses detection of heart disorder in the fetus.","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19284,"journal":{"name":"Neurosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10827009/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139403744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.17712/nsj.2024.1.20230057
Xinjing Yang
Objectives: To assess the effects of decompressive craniectomy combined with edaravone on the postoperative neurological functions and hemodynamics of patients with severe traumatic brain injury (STBI).
Methods: The subjects included totally 186 STBI patients admitted during January 2018 and January 2021. The random number table method was adopted to set an operation group (n=82) and a combined medication group (n=104) for the subjects. The changes of the clinical indicators were observed.
Results: Compared with the operation group, the combined medication group had higher Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Examination score, Barthel index score, total response rate and heart rate (p<0.05). Besides, by contrast to those of the operation group, the mean arterial pressure, myocardial zymogram indicators, postoperative neurological function indicators and total incidence rate of complications of the combined medication group were reduced (p<0.05). In comparison with the operation group, the combined medication group exhibited raised ipsilateral contralateral blood velocities (p<0.05). Furthermore, the combined medication group had a better postoperative 1-year prognosis than the operation group (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Edaravone in combination with decompressive craniectomy benefits the postoperative improvement of neurological functions of STBI patients, effectively stabilizes the hemodynamics, induces few complications and improves the prognosis.
{"title":"Effects of decompressive craniectomy combined with edaravone on postoperative neurological functions and hemodynamics of patients with severe traumatic brain injury.","authors":"Xinjing Yang","doi":"10.17712/nsj.2024.1.20230057","DOIUrl":"10.17712/nsj.2024.1.20230057","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To assess the effects of decompressive craniectomy combined with edaravone on the postoperative neurological functions and hemodynamics of patients with severe traumatic brain injury (STBI).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The subjects included totally 186 STBI patients admitted during January 2018 and January 2021. The random number table method was adopted to set an operation group (n=82) and a combined medication group (n=104) for the subjects. The changes of the clinical indicators were observed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with the operation group, the combined medication group had higher Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Examination score, Barthel index score, total response rate and heart rate (<i>p</i><0.05). Besides, by contrast to those of the operation group, the mean arterial pressure, myocardial zymogram indicators, postoperative neurological function indicators and total incidence rate of complications of the combined medication group were reduced (<i>p</i><0.05). In comparison with the operation group, the combined medication group exhibited raised ipsilateral contralateral blood velocities (<i>p</i><0.05). Furthermore, the combined medication group had a better postoperative 1-year prognosis than the operation group (<i>p</i><0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Edaravone in combination with decompressive craniectomy benefits the postoperative improvement of neurological functions of STBI patients, effectively stabilizes the hemodynamics, induces few complications and improves the prognosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":19284,"journal":{"name":"Neurosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10827015/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139403750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}