SUMMARYThis article presents a review of the productive and reproductive performances, egg-laying capability, egg quality, and carcass characteristics of indigenous, exotic, and crossbred chicken genotypes in Ethiopia. Indigenous chickens can reach sexual maturity in 193.5–238 days when raised under scavenging management systems, laying eggs that average 43.9 g. However, those reared intensively can attain sexual maturity in 156 days. Those chickens kept in scavenging management systems produced 49.4–54.6 eggs per hen per year. Fertility rates for indigenous chicken eggs range from 74.5% to 78.2%, while hatchability ranges from 84.1% to 91.5% under scavenging management, while under improved management, the fertility and hatchability percentages could be increased to 80% and 91.7%, respectively. The male exotic Novo colour chicken genotypes have the highest body weight (2934.4 g) and the lowest (better) feed conversion ratio (2.36) compared to the other. Several crosses, such as Dominant Red Bared crosses with Horro ecotype in the dam line, resulted in higher growth rates than purebred lines. The exotic chicken genotype had significantly superior egg weight, egg length and width, albumen weight, and huge unit compared to the indigenous and crossbred genotypes. Novo-colour chicken genotypes had the highest slaughter weight, while Kuroiler chickens had the highest dressing percentage (81%) compared to the other genotypes. The Sasso crossbred chicken had the highest slaughter weight (2403 g) compared to the indigenous chickens (1605 g) under scavenging management. Generally, this review presented that crossbreeding indigenous chicken with exotic breeds resulted in better performance traits than the indigenous chicken genotypes. Thus, for the crossbreeding programme selecting an appropriate exotic chicken genotype that performs better under various agroecological settings is crucial for sustainable utilisation and maintaining food security in Ethiopia.KEYWORDS: Crossbredcarcass qualityegg qualitygrowthexoticindigenous Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
{"title":"Productive and reproductive performances, egg quality, and carcass traits among indigenous, exotic and crossbred chickens in Ethiopia","authors":"Abiyu Tadele Alene, Gebreyohannes Berhane Mersha, Wondmeneh Esatu Woldegiorgis","doi":"10.1080/00439339.2023.2276735","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00439339.2023.2276735","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARYThis article presents a review of the productive and reproductive performances, egg-laying capability, egg quality, and carcass characteristics of indigenous, exotic, and crossbred chicken genotypes in Ethiopia. Indigenous chickens can reach sexual maturity in 193.5–238 days when raised under scavenging management systems, laying eggs that average 43.9 g. However, those reared intensively can attain sexual maturity in 156 days. Those chickens kept in scavenging management systems produced 49.4–54.6 eggs per hen per year. Fertility rates for indigenous chicken eggs range from 74.5% to 78.2%, while hatchability ranges from 84.1% to 91.5% under scavenging management, while under improved management, the fertility and hatchability percentages could be increased to 80% and 91.7%, respectively. The male exotic Novo colour chicken genotypes have the highest body weight (2934.4 g) and the lowest (better) feed conversion ratio (2.36) compared to the other. Several crosses, such as Dominant Red Bared crosses with Horro ecotype in the dam line, resulted in higher growth rates than purebred lines. The exotic chicken genotype had significantly superior egg weight, egg length and width, albumen weight, and huge unit compared to the indigenous and crossbred genotypes. Novo-colour chicken genotypes had the highest slaughter weight, while Kuroiler chickens had the highest dressing percentage (81%) compared to the other genotypes. The Sasso crossbred chicken had the highest slaughter weight (2403 g) compared to the indigenous chickens (1605 g) under scavenging management. Generally, this review presented that crossbreeding indigenous chicken with exotic breeds resulted in better performance traits than the indigenous chicken genotypes. Thus, for the crossbreeding programme selecting an appropriate exotic chicken genotype that performs better under various agroecological settings is crucial for sustainable utilisation and maintaining food security in Ethiopia.KEYWORDS: Crossbredcarcass qualityegg qualitygrowthexoticindigenous Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).","PeriodicalId":193140,"journal":{"name":"Worlds Poultry Science Journal","volume":"120 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135341748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.1080/00439339.2023.2273353
Sanjeevna K. Minhas, Parveen Kumar, Ritu Panghal, Raman Mehtani, Rekha Yadav, Sweety Kalonia, V. Gowthaman
SUMMARYAmong the genus Avipoxvirus (APV) of the family Poxviridae, Fowlpox virus (FWPV) is of the highest economic importance associated with a severe drop in egg production, retarded growth of younger birds, and sometimes heavy mortality. Despite its worldwide prevalence, the status of fowlpox infection varies in different geographical regions due to differences in climate, vector population, vaccination status, management, and employed hygienic practices. The disease is frequently seen in all production systems, ranging from backyard to commercial poultry flocks due to insufficient vaccination coverage, strain differences or the emergence of novel variants. FWPV can either produce cutaneous lesions (hypertrophy/hyperplasia of epidermal cells) or can affect mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract or digestive system (diphtheritic form). The host specificity has been considered broader than previously thought: (a) ‘fowlpox-like viruses’ being mainly isolated from Galliformes, (b) ‘canarypox-like viruses’ from Passeriformes and (c) viruses of Psittaciformes. Currently, fowlpox is considered an evolving disease in the poultry industry with several incidences documented in vaccinated chicken flocks worldwide. Limited reports are available on the antigenic, genetic, and biological characterisation of FWPV and other APVs. Complete genome sequencing of different APVs is necessary to understand its molecular epidemiology which would help to solve the complex paradigm of its host range. In the recent past, FWPV has been used as a vector to produce recombinant veterinary vaccines. This review has briefed the aetiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical signs, prevention, and control strategies related to fowlpox infection.KEYWORDS: FowlpoxAvipoxvirus (APV)vaccinevector Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Supplementary dataSupplemental data for this article can be accessed online at https://doi.org/10.1080/00439339.2023.2273353.
{"title":"Fowl pox virus: a minireview","authors":"Sanjeevna K. Minhas, Parveen Kumar, Ritu Panghal, Raman Mehtani, Rekha Yadav, Sweety Kalonia, V. Gowthaman","doi":"10.1080/00439339.2023.2273353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00439339.2023.2273353","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARYAmong the genus Avipoxvirus (APV) of the family Poxviridae, Fowlpox virus (FWPV) is of the highest economic importance associated with a severe drop in egg production, retarded growth of younger birds, and sometimes heavy mortality. Despite its worldwide prevalence, the status of fowlpox infection varies in different geographical regions due to differences in climate, vector population, vaccination status, management, and employed hygienic practices. The disease is frequently seen in all production systems, ranging from backyard to commercial poultry flocks due to insufficient vaccination coverage, strain differences or the emergence of novel variants. FWPV can either produce cutaneous lesions (hypertrophy/hyperplasia of epidermal cells) or can affect mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract or digestive system (diphtheritic form). The host specificity has been considered broader than previously thought: (a) ‘fowlpox-like viruses’ being mainly isolated from Galliformes, (b) ‘canarypox-like viruses’ from Passeriformes and (c) viruses of Psittaciformes. Currently, fowlpox is considered an evolving disease in the poultry industry with several incidences documented in vaccinated chicken flocks worldwide. Limited reports are available on the antigenic, genetic, and biological characterisation of FWPV and other APVs. Complete genome sequencing of different APVs is necessary to understand its molecular epidemiology which would help to solve the complex paradigm of its host range. In the recent past, FWPV has been used as a vector to produce recombinant veterinary vaccines. This review has briefed the aetiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical signs, prevention, and control strategies related to fowlpox infection.KEYWORDS: FowlpoxAvipoxvirus (APV)vaccinevector Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Supplementary dataSupplemental data for this article can be accessed online at https://doi.org/10.1080/00439339.2023.2273353.","PeriodicalId":193140,"journal":{"name":"Worlds Poultry Science Journal","volume":"82 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135221612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-30DOI: 10.1080/00439339.2023.2271886
Mahmoud Alagawany, Shaaban S. Elnesr, Ahmed A. Saleh, Nahed Ahmed El-Shall, Mahmoud M. Azzam, Kuldeep Dhama, Mayada R. Farag
{"title":"An updated review of azolla in poultry diets","authors":"Mahmoud Alagawany, Shaaban S. Elnesr, Ahmed A. Saleh, Nahed Ahmed El-Shall, Mahmoud M. Azzam, Kuldeep Dhama, Mayada R. Farag","doi":"10.1080/00439339.2023.2271886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00439339.2023.2271886","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":193140,"journal":{"name":"Worlds Poultry Science Journal","volume":"148 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136103574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-30DOI: 10.1080/00439339.2023.2270952
Yelsi Listiana Dewi, Ahmad Sofyan, Hendra Herdian, Awistaros Angger Sakti, Agung Irawan, Jasmadi Jasmadi, Ayu Septi Anggraeni, Efri Mardawati, Agus Adriyanto, Maria Endo Mahata, Ulvi Fitri Handayani, Daniel Candido Da Costa Soares, Gomera Bouk, Maria Kristina Sinabang, Harmiansyah Harmiansyah
SUMMARYSeaweed is chemically and phytochemically one of the most diverse marine species that has received special interest as a feed ingredient, supplement, and additive for poultry. The abundant biomass production in the tropics and their bio-active compounds profile such as alginate, fucoidan, fucoxanthin, phlorotannin, laminarin, and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) possess many biological roles as antioxidant, antimicrobials, and immunomodulatory effects that are beneficial to improve gut health and performance of poultry. However, seaweeds use as a poultry feed ingredient is limited by their high content of salt (NaCl), anti-nutritional factors, indigestible nutrients, and low energy content. High NaCl content in poultry rations can lead to diarrhoea and high mortality. On the other hand, seaweed carbohydrates can inhibit nutrient absorption in the poultry digestive tract. In this review, we discuss the recent updates on the use of seaweed in poultry feeding, the impacts of various processing methods to eliminate antinutritional factors, and future directions of processing technology that need to be developed to optimise the use of seaweeds in poultry. This includes biological, chemical, and physical approaches to reduce seaweed NaCl, optimise bioactive compounds extraction and purification, reduce anti-nutrition content, and decompose seaweed indigestible carbohydrates before being mixed as a poultry feed ingredient. In the production and health aspects of poultry, bioactive constituents extracted from seaweed possess antimicrobial and immunomodulatory effects that have positive associations with the improvement of production performance.KEYWORDS: AlginateNaClpoultry feedprocessingseaweed AcknowledgementsThe work was supported by the Post-Doctoral Program of the Research Centre for Animal Husbandry, the National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) and the Indonesian Defense University.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
{"title":"Processing technology to improve seaweed nutritional quality as a feed for poultry: a review and its implementation","authors":"Yelsi Listiana Dewi, Ahmad Sofyan, Hendra Herdian, Awistaros Angger Sakti, Agung Irawan, Jasmadi Jasmadi, Ayu Septi Anggraeni, Efri Mardawati, Agus Adriyanto, Maria Endo Mahata, Ulvi Fitri Handayani, Daniel Candido Da Costa Soares, Gomera Bouk, Maria Kristina Sinabang, Harmiansyah Harmiansyah","doi":"10.1080/00439339.2023.2270952","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00439339.2023.2270952","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARYSeaweed is chemically and phytochemically one of the most diverse marine species that has received special interest as a feed ingredient, supplement, and additive for poultry. The abundant biomass production in the tropics and their bio-active compounds profile such as alginate, fucoidan, fucoxanthin, phlorotannin, laminarin, and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) possess many biological roles as antioxidant, antimicrobials, and immunomodulatory effects that are beneficial to improve gut health and performance of poultry. However, seaweeds use as a poultry feed ingredient is limited by their high content of salt (NaCl), anti-nutritional factors, indigestible nutrients, and low energy content. High NaCl content in poultry rations can lead to diarrhoea and high mortality. On the other hand, seaweed carbohydrates can inhibit nutrient absorption in the poultry digestive tract. In this review, we discuss the recent updates on the use of seaweed in poultry feeding, the impacts of various processing methods to eliminate antinutritional factors, and future directions of processing technology that need to be developed to optimise the use of seaweeds in poultry. This includes biological, chemical, and physical approaches to reduce seaweed NaCl, optimise bioactive compounds extraction and purification, reduce anti-nutrition content, and decompose seaweed indigestible carbohydrates before being mixed as a poultry feed ingredient. In the production and health aspects of poultry, bioactive constituents extracted from seaweed possess antimicrobial and immunomodulatory effects that have positive associations with the improvement of production performance.KEYWORDS: AlginateNaClpoultry feedprocessingseaweed AcknowledgementsThe work was supported by the Post-Doctoral Program of the Research Centre for Animal Husbandry, the National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) and the Indonesian Defense University.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).","PeriodicalId":193140,"journal":{"name":"Worlds Poultry Science Journal","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136067700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-23DOI: 10.1080/00439339.2023.2268584
Aftab Ullah, Imran Sarwar, Imran Suheryani, Sajjad Ahmad, Shaista Andlib, Jameel Ahmed Buzdar, Mohib Ullah Kakar, Muhammad Asif Arain
SUMMARYAdvancements in science and technology have resulted in a noteworthy improvement in the productive performance of poultry birds. This improvement has been achieved using balanced nutritional practices, the use of feed additives that enhance growth and effective disease prevention or control. Emulsifiers are frequently used food additives in animal and poultry feed to improve growth performance and overall health. One of the benefits of emulsifiers is aiding in the mixing and stabilisation of fats and oils in feed, which can enhance the digestibility and absorption of nutrients. Emulsifiers commonly used in avian feed include bile salt, soy-lecithin, lysophatidyl choline, lecithin, Gglycerol polyethylene glycol ricinolate (E 484), and sodium stearoyl-2-lactylate (SSL). These emulsifiers are used to enhance fat digestibility and enhance productivity performance. Lecithin has recently gained interest as a possible fat emulsifier because of its several health benefits. Lecithin, derived from plants, is widely used as an emulsifier in the livestock and poultry feed industry. It comprises over 45 naturally occurring lipids, half of which are phospholipids. The addition of lecithin to the diet has demonstrated eenhanced effects on production performance and nutrient digestibility in avian birds, apart from improving their health status and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) activity. Research has demonstrated that lecithin increases lipid metabolism and alleviates the negative effects of fatty liver haemorrhagic syndrome (FLHS) in laying birds. Feeding broilers, a diet containing 2% lecithin significantly reduces their blood cholesterol levels and improves their growth performance. This review offers an overview of lecithin’s practical usefulness in poultry feed formulation and provides insight into its feasibility and efficacy with respect to fat digestion in poultry birds.KEYWORDS: Emulsifierfat metabolismlecithinproduction performancepoultry AcknowledgementsAll the authors of the manuscript thank and acknowledge their respective universities and institutes.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
{"title":"Role of dietary lecithin as an emulsifying agent in poultry nutrition: efficacy and feasibility","authors":"Aftab Ullah, Imran Sarwar, Imran Suheryani, Sajjad Ahmad, Shaista Andlib, Jameel Ahmed Buzdar, Mohib Ullah Kakar, Muhammad Asif Arain","doi":"10.1080/00439339.2023.2268584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00439339.2023.2268584","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARYAdvancements in science and technology have resulted in a noteworthy improvement in the productive performance of poultry birds. This improvement has been achieved using balanced nutritional practices, the use of feed additives that enhance growth and effective disease prevention or control. Emulsifiers are frequently used food additives in animal and poultry feed to improve growth performance and overall health. One of the benefits of emulsifiers is aiding in the mixing and stabilisation of fats and oils in feed, which can enhance the digestibility and absorption of nutrients. Emulsifiers commonly used in avian feed include bile salt, soy-lecithin, lysophatidyl choline, lecithin, Gglycerol polyethylene glycol ricinolate (E 484), and sodium stearoyl-2-lactylate (SSL). These emulsifiers are used to enhance fat digestibility and enhance productivity performance. Lecithin has recently gained interest as a possible fat emulsifier because of its several health benefits. Lecithin, derived from plants, is widely used as an emulsifier in the livestock and poultry feed industry. It comprises over 45 naturally occurring lipids, half of which are phospholipids. The addition of lecithin to the diet has demonstrated eenhanced effects on production performance and nutrient digestibility in avian birds, apart from improving their health status and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) activity. Research has demonstrated that lecithin increases lipid metabolism and alleviates the negative effects of fatty liver haemorrhagic syndrome (FLHS) in laying birds. Feeding broilers, a diet containing 2% lecithin significantly reduces their blood cholesterol levels and improves their growth performance. This review offers an overview of lecithin’s practical usefulness in poultry feed formulation and provides insight into its feasibility and efficacy with respect to fat digestion in poultry birds.KEYWORDS: Emulsifierfat metabolismlecithinproduction performancepoultry AcknowledgementsAll the authors of the manuscript thank and acknowledge their respective universities and institutes.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).","PeriodicalId":193140,"journal":{"name":"Worlds Poultry Science Journal","volume":"SE-12 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135405045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-17DOI: 10.1080/00439339.2023.2264824
Cara Helena Wilcox, Victoria Sandilands, Novi Mayasari, Indrawati Yudha Asmara, Asep Anang
Literature surrounding key aspects of broiler chicken husbandry and its relation to animal welfare are reviewed, for the context of broiler chicken farming in Indonesia. This review focuses on husbandry of commercially grown broiler chickens on farm, including light systems, litter substrates, lameness, contact dermatitis, heat stress and climate control. Common assessment methods of broiler chicken welfare are also reviewed. Key broiler welfare issues in Indonesia are likely to be heat stress, lameness, and contact dermatitis, and these may result in reduced productivity. Considering photoperiod and reviewing litter substrate management could be economical and practical ways to improve welfare. Footpad dermatitis and lameness are useful indicators of broiler welfare, and the high market demand for chicken feet in Asia could serve as an incentive to improve broiler welfare and chicken foot quality in the region.
{"title":"A literature review of broiler chicken welfare, husbandry, and assessment","authors":"Cara Helena Wilcox, Victoria Sandilands, Novi Mayasari, Indrawati Yudha Asmara, Asep Anang","doi":"10.1080/00439339.2023.2264824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00439339.2023.2264824","url":null,"abstract":"Literature surrounding key aspects of broiler chicken husbandry and its relation to animal welfare are reviewed, for the context of broiler chicken farming in Indonesia. This review focuses on husbandry of commercially grown broiler chickens on farm, including light systems, litter substrates, lameness, contact dermatitis, heat stress and climate control. Common assessment methods of broiler chicken welfare are also reviewed. Key broiler welfare issues in Indonesia are likely to be heat stress, lameness, and contact dermatitis, and these may result in reduced productivity. Considering photoperiod and reviewing litter substrate management could be economical and practical ways to improve welfare. Footpad dermatitis and lameness are useful indicators of broiler welfare, and the high market demand for chicken feet in Asia could serve as an incentive to improve broiler welfare and chicken foot quality in the region.","PeriodicalId":193140,"journal":{"name":"Worlds Poultry Science Journal","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136033284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-11DOI: 10.1080/00439339.2023.2255575
Maria Jamil, Aisha Khatoon, Muhammad Kashif Saleemi, Zain Ul Abidin, Rao Zahid Abbas, Zahoor Ul-Hassan, Sheraz Ahmed Bhatti, Hamid Irshad, Muhammad Imran, Qasim Saleem Raza
SUMMARYMycotoxins are the secondary fungal metabolites produced by various toxigenic fungal species and are found in several feedstuffs, particularly in plants during pre- and post-harvesting conditions, like processing, transportation and storage. They can cause disease in both humans and animals. The occurrence of mycotoxins is of high concern to food safety and security due to their negative health and economic effects. Consequently, the control of mycotoxin adulteration is a major goal of the food and agriculture industries. Therefore it is need of time to express the new approaches which may alleviate the economic and health implications linked with mycotoxins adulteration of food and feed ingredients having negative effects on public health and global trade. Several approaches have been assumed to alleviate mycotoxin adulteration but often fall short of the requisite efficiency. One of the auspicious strategies is the usage of bioactive plant metabolites or components synergistically with mycotoxin-adsorbing compounds for limiting the exposure of these mycotoxins and their adverse health effects. Several studies have proven that plant extracts have a variety of bioactive components which may prevent mould growth. The metabolites formed by plants are a promising substitute because plants produce a huge variety of compounds, either as a part of their growth or in response to stress or pathogen attack. The purpose of this review is to discuss the potential for control of fungal growth in food commodities by using plant-derived products or phytochemicals.KEYWORDS: Mycotoxinsmedicinal plantsphytochemicalfood safety Disclosure statementThe authors of this manuscript declare there is no conflict of interest.
{"title":"Use of phytochemicals to control the Mycotoxicosis in poultry","authors":"Maria Jamil, Aisha Khatoon, Muhammad Kashif Saleemi, Zain Ul Abidin, Rao Zahid Abbas, Zahoor Ul-Hassan, Sheraz Ahmed Bhatti, Hamid Irshad, Muhammad Imran, Qasim Saleem Raza","doi":"10.1080/00439339.2023.2255575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00439339.2023.2255575","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARYMycotoxins are the secondary fungal metabolites produced by various toxigenic fungal species and are found in several feedstuffs, particularly in plants during pre- and post-harvesting conditions, like processing, transportation and storage. They can cause disease in both humans and animals. The occurrence of mycotoxins is of high concern to food safety and security due to their negative health and economic effects. Consequently, the control of mycotoxin adulteration is a major goal of the food and agriculture industries. Therefore it is need of time to express the new approaches which may alleviate the economic and health implications linked with mycotoxins adulteration of food and feed ingredients having negative effects on public health and global trade. Several approaches have been assumed to alleviate mycotoxin adulteration but often fall short of the requisite efficiency. One of the auspicious strategies is the usage of bioactive plant metabolites or components synergistically with mycotoxin-adsorbing compounds for limiting the exposure of these mycotoxins and their adverse health effects. Several studies have proven that plant extracts have a variety of bioactive components which may prevent mould growth. The metabolites formed by plants are a promising substitute because plants produce a huge variety of compounds, either as a part of their growth or in response to stress or pathogen attack. The purpose of this review is to discuss the potential for control of fungal growth in food commodities by using plant-derived products or phytochemicals.KEYWORDS: Mycotoxinsmedicinal plantsphytochemicalfood safety Disclosure statementThe authors of this manuscript declare there is no conflict of interest.","PeriodicalId":193140,"journal":{"name":"Worlds Poultry Science Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136210649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-09DOI: 10.1080/00439339.2023.2262436
Tassew Mohammed Ali
SUMMARYThis review aims to suggest sustainable and conservation-based genetic improvement approaches by analysing the genetic diversity erosion in Ethiopia's local chicken gene pool. Ethiopia has ample chicken genetic resources with 10 different chicken ecotypes. Indigenous chickens are excellent in adaptive traits and are highly variable in performance and morphological characteristics. They have comparable and promising potential for production if they are given improved nutrition, housing and health care. They are the primary protein sources for rural and urban societies and play a significant role in food security. However, the genetic diversities of the chicken have now been seriously threatened in the past six decades by indiscriminate crossbreeding, production-derived breed reference, changes in the production system and an unbalanced extension system. About 20 different improved exotic chicken breeds were imported to Ethiopia via government and non-government organisations from 1953 onwards. No previous efforts have been made to conserve and improve the local chickens, but successful selective breeding has been carried out in indigenous Tilili, Horro and Debre Zeit White chickens. Selective breeding resulted in significant improvement in egg number, body weight, egg weight, age at first and survival in all chicken populations, particularly in Horro chicken. These situations call for conservation-based genetic improvement, focusing on the utilisation of within-breed selection and the unique features of the chicken. Community-based selective breeding complemented with an improved chicken management package may be the primary strategy to preserve and improve the local chickens. The government and other bodies should plan important activities encouraging farmers to keep and improve indigenous chickens. The review could also serve as baseline information for policymakers, researchers, agricultural offices and students to take necessary actions on chicken genetic improvement, conservation and management and undertake further studies.KEYWORDS: Genetic diversityperformanceconservationbreedingindigenous chicken Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingNot applicable but the author uses the facilities of Woldia University to write the manuscript.
{"title":"A review of genetic diversity erosion in Ethiopia's local chicken gene pool: implications on determination of suitable breeding and conservation strategies","authors":"Tassew Mohammed Ali","doi":"10.1080/00439339.2023.2262436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00439339.2023.2262436","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARYThis review aims to suggest sustainable and conservation-based genetic improvement approaches by analysing the genetic diversity erosion in Ethiopia's local chicken gene pool. Ethiopia has ample chicken genetic resources with 10 different chicken ecotypes. Indigenous chickens are excellent in adaptive traits and are highly variable in performance and morphological characteristics. They have comparable and promising potential for production if they are given improved nutrition, housing and health care. They are the primary protein sources for rural and urban societies and play a significant role in food security. However, the genetic diversities of the chicken have now been seriously threatened in the past six decades by indiscriminate crossbreeding, production-derived breed reference, changes in the production system and an unbalanced extension system. About 20 different improved exotic chicken breeds were imported to Ethiopia via government and non-government organisations from 1953 onwards. No previous efforts have been made to conserve and improve the local chickens, but successful selective breeding has been carried out in indigenous Tilili, Horro and Debre Zeit White chickens. Selective breeding resulted in significant improvement in egg number, body weight, egg weight, age at first and survival in all chicken populations, particularly in Horro chicken. These situations call for conservation-based genetic improvement, focusing on the utilisation of within-breed selection and the unique features of the chicken. Community-based selective breeding complemented with an improved chicken management package may be the primary strategy to preserve and improve the local chickens. The government and other bodies should plan important activities encouraging farmers to keep and improve indigenous chickens. The review could also serve as baseline information for policymakers, researchers, agricultural offices and students to take necessary actions on chicken genetic improvement, conservation and management and undertake further studies.KEYWORDS: Genetic diversityperformanceconservationbreedingindigenous chicken Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingNot applicable but the author uses the facilities of Woldia University to write the manuscript.","PeriodicalId":193140,"journal":{"name":"Worlds Poultry Science Journal","volume":"286 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135093824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-04DOI: 10.1080/00439339.2023.2262435
Hongxu Du, Imran Sarwar, Sajjad Ahmad, Imran Suheryani, Sohail Anjum, Shaista Andlib, Mohib Ullah Kakar, Muhammad Asif Arain
SUMMARYThe discovery of antibiotics has been one of the greatest milestones in the field of medical science that has played a pivotal role in advancing the progress and performance of the livestock and poultry sector. Antibiotics have been used in poultry diets at sub-therapeutic doses for growth promotion and at therapeutic levels for disease treatment. Inappropriate and indiscriminate use of antimicrobials leads to antibiotic resistance and transmission of resistant genes either directly or through bacteria from animal feed, or the environment. In fact, numerous feed supplements have been proposed over the years as antibiotic alternatives, to improve the health status, welfare and productive performance of poultry birds. However, organic acids (OA) have emerged as a potential antibiotic replacement due to their antimicrobial nature. Although, OA are abundant in nature as conventional components of animal and plant tissues, whereas, few of them are produced by microbial fermentation in the hindgut of animals. Interestingly, supplementation of several types of OA such as formic acid, lactic acid, fumaric acid, butyric acid, citric acid and tartaric acid have been shown to significantly improve the health status and production performance of poultry birds. At the same time, OA have also been investigated for their multiple therapeutic effects on pathological disorders, as antimicrobial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, and anticoccidial agents. In addition, OA provide protection by improving the immune system, physiology and morphology of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). The prime objective of the present review is to highlight the therapeutic potential and beneficial uses of OA as an alternative to antibiotics in the poultry industry.KEYWORDS: Antibiotic substituteorganic acidgrowth promotertherapeutic effectshealth benefitspoultry AcknowledgementsAll the authors of this manuscript earnestly acknowledged from the support of respective Universities and Institutes.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Authors’ contributionsAll authors were equal contributors in writing this review article.Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing, China [CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX0470] and the Open Project Program of Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine at Beijing University of Agriculture [BUAPSP202205].
{"title":"Organic acids in poultry industry: a review of nutritional advancements and health benefits","authors":"Hongxu Du, Imran Sarwar, Sajjad Ahmad, Imran Suheryani, Sohail Anjum, Shaista Andlib, Mohib Ullah Kakar, Muhammad Asif Arain","doi":"10.1080/00439339.2023.2262435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00439339.2023.2262435","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARYThe discovery of antibiotics has been one of the greatest milestones in the field of medical science that has played a pivotal role in advancing the progress and performance of the livestock and poultry sector. Antibiotics have been used in poultry diets at sub-therapeutic doses for growth promotion and at therapeutic levels for disease treatment. Inappropriate and indiscriminate use of antimicrobials leads to antibiotic resistance and transmission of resistant genes either directly or through bacteria from animal feed, or the environment. In fact, numerous feed supplements have been proposed over the years as antibiotic alternatives, to improve the health status, welfare and productive performance of poultry birds. However, organic acids (OA) have emerged as a potential antibiotic replacement due to their antimicrobial nature. Although, OA are abundant in nature as conventional components of animal and plant tissues, whereas, few of them are produced by microbial fermentation in the hindgut of animals. Interestingly, supplementation of several types of OA such as formic acid, lactic acid, fumaric acid, butyric acid, citric acid and tartaric acid have been shown to significantly improve the health status and production performance of poultry birds. At the same time, OA have also been investigated for their multiple therapeutic effects on pathological disorders, as antimicrobial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, and anticoccidial agents. In addition, OA provide protection by improving the immune system, physiology and morphology of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). The prime objective of the present review is to highlight the therapeutic potential and beneficial uses of OA as an alternative to antibiotics in the poultry industry.KEYWORDS: Antibiotic substituteorganic acidgrowth promotertherapeutic effectshealth benefitspoultry AcknowledgementsAll the authors of this manuscript earnestly acknowledged from the support of respective Universities and Institutes.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Authors’ contributionsAll authors were equal contributors in writing this review article.Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing, China [CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX0470] and the Open Project Program of Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine at Beijing University of Agriculture [BUAPSP202205].","PeriodicalId":193140,"journal":{"name":"Worlds Poultry Science Journal","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135590977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-03DOI: 10.1080/00439339.2023.2262443
Nafisa A. Abd El- Azeem, Mahmoud Madkour, Nesrein M. Hashem, Mahmoud Alagawany
SUMMARYThe final phase of embryonic development and the immediate period after hatching are pivotal moments in the life of broiler chickens. The lack of food for newly hatched chicks leads to decreased body weight. Under commercial conditions, the hatched eggs placed on the same hatching shelves are usually hatched within a period of 24-36 hours, which results in the early hatched chicks falling under harsh conditions of prolonged fasting period, and other periods are added to this period including determining sex, sorting, vaccination, and transporting to the farm, these factors directly contribute to the delay in growth. In addition, this period is very important, as the body weight increases during the first week 3-4 times, and the accompanying clear development in the digestive system, a negative impact on the immune ability of hatched chicks was observed as a consequence of the delay in obtaining food and thus become more sensitive to disease and thus the increase in mortality rates. To maximize the use of nutrients and the growth of chicks, early growth and development of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) are crucial. It is possible to increase the rates of body growth and improve the gut development rate and thus increase the chicken’s productive performance by conducting some strategies during the early stages of age, such as feeding the embryo by injecting eggs with nutrients or directly after the hatch, feeding newly hatched chicks immediately after pipping the eggs results in improved growth, increased the efficiency and development of digestive functions. This review discusses the early nutrition of various nutrients and their impacts on gut health, histomorphology, microbiology, and immunology. Additionally, it will shed light on the future vision of early nutrition as a strategy to modify gut health, promoting broiler chicks' health status and production.KEYWORDS: Early feedingin ovonutritionperformancebroiler Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
{"title":"Early nutrition as a tool to improve the productive performance of broiler chickens","authors":"Nafisa A. Abd El- Azeem, Mahmoud Madkour, Nesrein M. Hashem, Mahmoud Alagawany","doi":"10.1080/00439339.2023.2262443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00439339.2023.2262443","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARYThe final phase of embryonic development and the immediate period after hatching are pivotal moments in the life of broiler chickens. The lack of food for newly hatched chicks leads to decreased body weight. Under commercial conditions, the hatched eggs placed on the same hatching shelves are usually hatched within a period of 24-36 hours, which results in the early hatched chicks falling under harsh conditions of prolonged fasting period, and other periods are added to this period including determining sex, sorting, vaccination, and transporting to the farm, these factors directly contribute to the delay in growth. In addition, this period is very important, as the body weight increases during the first week 3-4 times, and the accompanying clear development in the digestive system, a negative impact on the immune ability of hatched chicks was observed as a consequence of the delay in obtaining food and thus become more sensitive to disease and thus the increase in mortality rates. To maximize the use of nutrients and the growth of chicks, early growth and development of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) are crucial. It is possible to increase the rates of body growth and improve the gut development rate and thus increase the chicken’s productive performance by conducting some strategies during the early stages of age, such as feeding the embryo by injecting eggs with nutrients or directly after the hatch, feeding newly hatched chicks immediately after pipping the eggs results in improved growth, increased the efficiency and development of digestive functions. This review discusses the early nutrition of various nutrients and their impacts on gut health, histomorphology, microbiology, and immunology. Additionally, it will shed light on the future vision of early nutrition as a strategy to modify gut health, promoting broiler chicks' health status and production.KEYWORDS: Early feedingin ovonutritionperformancebroiler Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).","PeriodicalId":193140,"journal":{"name":"Worlds Poultry Science Journal","volume":"2014 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135696147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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