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Multi-experiment assessment of soil nitrous oxide emissions in sugarcane 甘蔗种植过程中土壤氧化亚氮排放的多试验评价
3区 农林科学 Q2 SOIL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2023-10-21 DOI: 10.1007/s10705-023-10321-w
M. V. Galdos, J. R. Soares, K. S. Lourenço, P. Harris, M. Zeri, G. Cunha-Zeri, V. P. Vargas, I. A. M. Degaspari, H. Cantarella
Abstract Soil nitrous oxide (N 2 O) fluxes comprise a significant part of the greenhouse gas emissions of agricultural products but are spatially and temporally variable, due to complex interactions between climate, soil and management variables. This study aimed to identify the main factors that affect N 2 O emissions under sugarcane, using a multi-site database from field experiments. Greenhouse gas fluxes, soil, climate, and management data were obtained from 13 field trials spanning the 2011–2017 period. We conducted exploratory, descriptive and inferential data analyses in experiments with varying fertiliser and stillage (vinasse) type and rate, and crop residue rates. The most relevant period of high N 2 O fluxes was the first 46 days after fertiliser application. The results indicate a strong positive correlation of cumulative N 2 O with nitrogen (N) fertiliser rate, soil fungi community (18S rRNA gene), soil ammonium (NH 4 + ) and nitrate (NO 3 − ); and a moderate negative correlation with amoA genes of ammonia-oxidising archaea (AOA) and soil organic matter content. The regression analysis revealed that easily routinely measured climate and management-related variables explained over 50% of the variation in cumulative N 2 O emissions, and that additional soil chemical and physical parameters improved the regression fit with an R 2 = 0.65. Cross-wavelet analysis indicated significant correlations of N 2 O fluxes with rainfall and air temperature up to 64 days, associated with temporal lags of 2 to 4 days in some experiments, and presenting a good environmental control over fluxes in general. The nitrogen fertiliser mean emission factors ranged from 0.03 to 1.17% of N applied, with urea and ammonium nitrate plus vinasse producing high emissions, while ammonium sulphate, ammonium nitrate without vinasse, calcium nitrate, and mitigation alternatives (nitrification inhibitors and timing of vinasse application) producing low N 2 O-EFs. Measurements from multiple sites spanning several cropping seasons were useful for exploring the influence of environmental and management-related variables on soil N 2 O emissions in sugarcane production, providing support for global warming mitigation strategies, nitrogen management policies, and increased agricultural input efficiency.
土壤氧化亚氮(n2o)通量是农产品温室气体排放的重要组成部分,但由于气候、土壤和管理变量之间复杂的相互作用,其在空间和时间上都是可变的。本研究旨在利用田间试验的多站点数据库,确定影响甘蔗氮氧化物排放的主要因素。从2011-2017年期间的13个田间试验中获得了温室气体通量、土壤、气候和管理数据。我们在不同肥料和蒸馏物(酒糟)类型和比例以及作物残留物率的实验中进行了探索性、描述性和推断性数据分析。氮氧通量最高的时期是施肥后的前46天。结果表明,累积氮氧与氮肥施用量、土壤真菌群落(18S rRNA基因)、土壤铵态氮(nh4 +)和硝态氮(no3−)呈极显著正相关;氨氧化古菌(AOA)的amoA基因与土壤有机质含量呈中度负相关。回归分析表明,易于常规测量的气候和管理相关变量解释了50%以上的累积n2o排放变化,并且额外的土壤化学和物理参数改善了回归拟合,r2 = 0.65。交叉小波分析表明,在长达64天的时间内,氮氧通量与降雨量和气温存在显著的相关关系,在一些实验中存在2 ~ 4天的时间滞后,总体上表现出良好的环境控制通量。氮肥的平均排放因子范围为施氮量的0.03 ~ 1.17%,尿素和硝酸铵加酒糟产生高排放,而硫酸铵、不加酒糟的硝酸铵、硝酸钙和缓解替代品(硝化抑制剂和酒糟施用时间)产生低氮肥O-EFs。来自多个地点、跨越多个种植季节的测量结果有助于探索环境和管理相关变量对甘蔗生产过程中土壤氮素排放的影响,为减缓全球变暖战略、氮素管理政策和提高农业投入效率提供支持。
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引用次数: 0
Nitrogen fertigation affects crop yield, nitrogen loss and gaseous emissions: a meta-analysis 氮肥影响作物产量、氮损失和气体排放:一项荟萃分析
3区 农林科学 Q2 SOIL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2023-10-17 DOI: 10.1007/s10705-023-10318-5
Yuanpeng Zhu, Houping Zhang, Rongcheng Li, Wendong Zhu, Yaohu Kang
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引用次数: 0
Nitrogen fertilizer replacement values of organic amendments: determination and prediction 有机改良剂氮肥替代值的测定与预测
3区 农林科学 Q2 SOIL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2023-10-13 DOI: 10.1007/s10705-023-10316-7
Dorien Westerik, Ellis Hoffland, Renske Hijbeek
Abstract The nitrogen fertilizer replacement value (NFRV) quantifies the value of organic amendments as a nitrogen (N) fertilizer, and is commonly defined as the extent to which organic fertilizer N can replace mineral fertilizer N. NFRVs can be calculated by comparing the crop N uptake from equal N application rates of mineral and organic fertilizer, or by comparing the N rates of both fertilizers needed to obtain equal crop N uptake. Currently, NFRVs are mainly known for animal manure, whereas other organic waste products may become available as fertilizer products in the future. In this study, a pot experiment with spring wheat was performed to (1) assess NFRVs of a range of organic amendments; (2) compare NFRVs based on equal N application with NFRVs based on equal N uptake; and (3) assess which product characteristics explain observed variation. Observed NFRVs varied between 6.2 and 78.8%, with the lowest value for raw food waste and the highest for fishmeal. NFRVs were overestimated when calculated based on equal N application rate (with on average 6.9% point), and more so at high N application rate (9.0% point). NFRVs should therefore be calculated based on equal N uptake from organic and mineral fertilizers. Nitrogen concentration of the organic fertilizer provided the best explanation of variation observed in NFRVs (R 2 = 0.86). These findings give valuable insights into the large variation in value of organic waste streams as organic fertilizer and can support decisions on sustainable N application rates, to increase crop N uptake and reduce N losses to the environment.
氮肥替代值(NFRV)量化了有机改进剂作为氮肥的价值,通常定义为有机肥N替代矿肥N的程度。NFRV可以通过比较矿肥和有机肥在相同施氮量下作物对氮的吸收,或者通过比较两种肥料获得相同作物氮吸收所需的施氮量来计算。目前,nfrv主要用于动物粪便,而其他有机废物产品可能在未来成为肥料产品。本研究以春小麦为研究对象,通过盆栽试验(1)评估不同有机改进剂的NFRVs;(2)比较等量施氮和等量吸收氮的NFRVs;(3)评估哪些产品特性可以解释观察到的变化。观察到的NFRVs在6.2至78.8%之间变化,生食物垃圾的NFRVs值最低,鱼粉的NFRVs值最高。在等量施氮条件下(平均为6.9%点),nfrv被高估,在高施氮条件下(9.0%点),nfrv被高估。因此,NFRVs应根据从有机和矿物肥料中吸收相等的氮来计算。有机肥氮浓度最能解释nfrv的变异(r2 = 0.86)。这些发现为有机废物流作为有机肥料价值的巨大变化提供了有价值的见解,并可以支持可持续施氮率的决策,以增加作物对氮的吸收并减少对环境的氮损失。
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引用次数: 0
End-of-life stage of renewable growing media with biochar versus spent peat or mineral wool 使用生物炭与废泥炭或矿棉的可再生培养基的寿命结束阶段
3区 农林科学 Q2 SOIL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2023-10-12 DOI: 10.1007/s10705-023-10315-8
Bart Vandecasteele, Lotte Similon, Julie Moelants, Maarten Hofkens, Rianne Visser, Peter Melis
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引用次数: 0
Soil respiration under different N fertilization and irrigation regimes in Bengaluru, S-India 印度南部班加罗尔不同氮肥和灌溉制度下的土壤呼吸
3区 农林科学 Q2 SOIL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2023-09-15 DOI: 10.1007/s10705-023-10311-y
Suman Kumar Sourav, C. T. Subbarayappa, D C. Hanumanthappa, None Mudalagiriyappa, Prem Jose Vazhacharickal, Andrea Mock, Mariko Ingold, Andreas Buerkert
Abstract Rapid urbanization in many countries of the Global South has led to intensification of urban and peri-urban agriculture (UPA) whose effects on the soils’ physical, chemical, and microbial properties have been hardly studied. We therefore investigated the effects of different intensity levels, exemplified by three rates of mineral nitrogen (N) addition and irrigation on CO 2 emissions in typical crops during the wet ( Kharif ) and dry ( Rabi ) season on a Nitisol in Bengaluru, S-India. Respiration data were collected from 2017 to 2021 in two two-factorial split-plot experiments conducted under rainfed and irrigated conditions. Test crops were maize ( Zea mays L.), finger millet ( Eleusine coracana Gaertn.), and lablab ( Lablab purpureus L. Sweet) under rainfed and irrigated conditions, as well as the vegetables cabbage ( Brassica oleracea var. capitata ), eggplant ( Solanum melongena L.), and tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L.) or chili ( Capsicum annuum L.). Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions were determined using a Los Gatos Research (LGR) multi-gas analyzer whereby under our study conditions CH 4 , NH 3 and N 2 O were negligible. Measurements were conducted from 7:00 am to 11:30 am and repeated from 12:30 pm to 6:00 pm. Irrespective of irrigation, season, crops and N fertilizer level, CO 2 emission rates during afternoon hours were significantly higher (2–128%) than during morning hours. In the irrigated field diurnal emission differences between afternoon and morning hours ranged from 0.04 to 1.61 kg CO 2 -C ha −1 h −1 while in the rainfed field they averaged 0.20–1.78 kg CO 2 -C ha −1 h −1 . Irrespective of crops, in the rainfed field CO 2 emissions in high N plots were 56.4% larger than in low N plots whereas in the irrigated field they were only 12.1% larger. The results of a linear mixed model analysis indicated that N fertilization enhanced CO 2 emissions whereby these effects were highest in rainfed crops. Soil moisture enhanced emissions in rainfed crops but decreased them under irrigation where crop-specific CO 2 emissions within a season were independent of N application. Soil temperature at 5 cm depth enhanced CO 2 emissions in both fields. Overall, higher N and soil temperature enhanced CO 2 fluxes whereas effects of soil moisture depended on irrigation.
全球南方许多国家的快速城市化导致城市和城郊农业(UPA)的加剧,其对土壤物理、化学和微生物特性的影响几乎没有研究。因此,我们研究了不同强度水平对CO 2排放的影响,以三种矿物氮(N)添加率和灌溉对湿(Kharif)和干(Rabi)季节典型作物CO 2排放的影响为例。2017 - 2021年,在旱作和灌溉条件下进行两项双因子分畦试验,收集呼吸数据。试验作物是在旱作和灌溉条件下的玉米(Zea mays L.)、小米(Eleusine coracana Gaertn.)和lablab (lablab purpureus L. Sweet),以及蔬菜白菜(Brassica oleracea var. capitata)、茄子(Solanum melongena L.)、番茄(Solanum lycopersicum L.)或辣椒(Capsicum annuum L.)。二氧化碳(CO 2)排放量是用Los Gatos Research (LGR)多气体分析仪测定的,在我们的研究条件下,ch4、nh3和n2o可以忽略不计。测量于上午7:00至11:30进行,并于下午12:30至6:00重复。无论灌溉、季节、作物和氮肥水平如何,午后co2排放率显著高于上午(2 - 128%)。在灌溉田,下午和上午的日排放差异为0.04 ~ 1.61 kg CO 2 -C ha−1 h−1,而在雨养田,日排放差异为0.20 ~ 1.78 kg CO 2 -C ha−1 h−1。无论何种作物,在旱作田中,高氮田的co2排放量比低氮田高56.4%,而灌溉田的co2排放量仅比低氮田高12.1%。线性混合模型分析结果表明,氮肥增加了co2排放,其中旱作作物的这种效应最大。土壤湿度增加了旱作作物的排放,但在灌溉条件下减少了排放,在灌溉条件下,作物在一个季节内的特定二氧化碳排放与施氮无关。5厘米深度的土壤温度增加了两个地区的二氧化碳排放。总体而言,较高的氮和土壤温度增加了co2通量,而土壤湿度的影响主要取决于灌溉。
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引用次数: 0
Ruzigrass as cover crop improves the potassium partial balance and use by subsequent cotton 覆盖作物紫穗草改善了钾肥部分平衡和后续棉花的利用
3区 农林科学 Q2 SOIL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2023-09-14 DOI: 10.1007/s10705-023-10312-x
Fábio Rafael Echer, Marcelo Raphael Volf, Vinícius José Souza Peres, Jaqueline Angelotti Hafemann, Gustavo Ricardo Aguiar Silva, Ciro Antonio Rosolem
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引用次数: 0
Fertilization strategies to reduce yield-scaled N2O emissions based on the use of biochar and biochar-based fertilizers 基于使用生物炭和生物炭基肥料的减少产量比例的一氧化二氮排放的施肥策略
3区 农林科学 Q2 SOIL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2023-09-09 DOI: 10.1007/s10705-023-10313-w
Raúl Castejón-del Pino, Miguel A. Sánchez-Monedero, María Sánchez-García, María L. Cayuela
Abstract Novel fertilization strategies, such as the use of biochar-based fertilizers (BBFs) and the co-application of biochar with mineral fertilizers, have shown promising results for mitigating nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions and reducing N losses in agroecosystems. Two greenhouse experiments were performed with radish to evaluate: (1) the mitigation of yield-scaled N 2 O emissions using BBFs, produced at either 400 or 800 °C and enriched with urea, compared to the co-application of raw biochars with urea; and (2) the N 2 O mitigation potential of low rates of raw biochars, equivalent to those used with BBFs fertilization, co-applied with low and high N rates (90 and 180 kg N ha −1 ). BBF produced at 800 °C reduced yield-scaled N 2 O emissions by 32% as compared to the urea treatment, and by 60%, as compared to the combination of raw biochar with urea. This reduction was attributed to the slow rate of N release in BBF. On the contrary, the co-application of low rates of biochar with urea increased yield-scaled N 2 O emissions as compared to the fertilization with urea alone. Low rates of biochar (1.4–3.1 t ha −1 ) reduced yield-scaled N 2 O emissions only with a high rate of N fertilization. High-pyrolysis-temperature biochar, co-applied with synthetic fertilizer, or used to produce BBFs, demonstrated lower yield-scaled N 2 O emissions than biochar produced at a lower pyrolysis temperature. This study showed that BBFs are a promising fertilization strategy as compared to the co-application of biochar with synthetic fertilizers.
新型施肥策略,如使用生物炭基肥料(BBFs)和生物炭与矿物肥料共施,在减少农业生态系统中氧化亚氮(n2o)排放和减少氮损失方面显示出良好的效果。用萝卜进行了两项温室试验,以评估:(1)与原料生物炭与尿素共施相比,使用400°C或800°C生产并富集尿素的BBFs减轻了产量比例的一氧化氮排放;(2)与低氮和高氮(90和180 kg N ha - 1)共施的低剂量生生物炭,相当于与bbf施肥所使用的生物炭,减缓氮氧化物的潜力。与尿素处理相比,在800°C下生产的BBF减少了32%的氮排放量,与原料生物炭与尿素的组合相比,减少了60%。这种减少归因于BBF中N释放速度缓慢。相反,与单独施用尿素相比,低剂量生物炭与尿素联合施用增加了产量比例的氮氧化物排放。低剂量的生物炭(1.4-3.1 t hm - 1)只有在高施氮量的情况下才能降低按产量比例计算的氮氧化物排放。高热解温度的生物炭,与合成肥料共同施用,或用于生产bbf,显示出比在较低热解温度下生产的生物炭更低的产量比例的氮排放。本研究表明,与生物炭与合成肥料共施相比,bbf是一种很有前途的施肥策略。
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引用次数: 0
Elevated CO2 concentrations increase carbon sinks in paddy fields: an in situ four-year field experiment 二氧化碳浓度升高增加稻田碳汇:一项为期四年的现场试验
IF 3.1 3区 农林科学 Q2 SOIL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2023-09-08 DOI: 10.1007/s10705-023-10308-7
Zhurong Wu, Yuanyuan Wang, Chao Liu, Zhenghua Hu, Nan Yin, Zhaowei Wei, A. R. M. Towfiqul Islam, Qi Li, Shutao Chen
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引用次数: 0
Controlled-release potassium blended fertilizer mitigates greenhouse gas emissions in paddy fields 控释钾混肥缓解稻田温室气体排放
IF 3.1 3区 农林科学 Q2 SOIL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2023-09-07 DOI: 10.1007/s10705-023-10309-6
Sajjad Ahmad, Shen Gao, Quanxin Li, Muhammad Yousaf Nadeem, Weike Tao, Fei Yang, Yanfeng Ding, Zhenghui Liu, Ganghua Li
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引用次数: 0
A soil carbon sequestration bible 土壤碳封存宝典
3区 农林科学 Q2 SOIL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1007/s10705-023-10314-9
Else K. Bünemann, Markus Steffens
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems
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