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Boosting named data networking for efficient packet forwarding in urban VANET scenarios 促进命名数据网络在城市VANET场景中高效的数据包转发
Pub Date : 2015-04-22 DOI: 10.1109/LANMAN.2015.7114718
ChaoYi Bian, Tong Zhao, Xiaoming Li, W. Yan
Named Data Networking (NDN) is a data-centric architecture designed for the future Internet. Existing works show that NDN brings significant performance improvement for typical content-centric applications, and can also fit the mobile environment well. However, directly applying NDN to Vehicular Ad hoc NETworks (VANETs) is confronted with great challenges due to the high mobility of vehicles. Most applications in VANETs are relied on data dissemination mechanisms. Therefore, we aim to improve the performance of NDN packet forwarding for the efficient content delivery in urban VANET scenarios. Specifically, we introduce the geo-location information to the NDN forwarding plane, and propose a geo-based forwarding strategy to make NDN fit the urban VANETs. Simulation results show our strategy can achieve 27% ~ 75% higher request success ratio, and 40% ~ 80% lower delay compared with the default NDN strategy in urban scenarios with different vehicle densities.
命名数据网络(NDN)是为未来互联网设计的以数据为中心的架构。现有的研究表明,NDN为典型的以内容为中心的应用带来了显著的性能提升,并且可以很好地适应移动环境。然而,由于车辆的高移动性,将NDN直接应用于车辆自组织网络(vanet)面临着巨大的挑战。VANETs中的大多数应用都依赖于数据传播机制。因此,我们的目标是提高NDN数据包转发的性能,以实现城市VANET场景下的高效内容分发。具体来说,我们将地理位置信息引入NDN转发平面,并提出了一种基于地理位置的NDN转发策略,使其适应城市vanet。仿真结果表明,在不同车辆密度的城市场景下,与默认NDN策略相比,该策略的请求成功率提高27% ~ 75%,延迟降低40% ~ 80%。
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引用次数: 35
High performance table-based architecture for parallel CRC calculation 基于表的高性能并行CRC计算架构
Pub Date : 2015-04-22 DOI: 10.1109/LANMAN.2015.7114717
Yuanhong Huo, Xiaoyang Li, Wei Wang, Dake Liu
A high performance table-based architecture implementation for CRC (cyclic redundancy check) algorithms is proposed. The architecture is designed based on a highly parallel CRC algorithm. The algorithm first divides a given message with any length into bytes. Then it performs CRC computation using lookup tables among the divided bytes in parallel. At last, the results are XORed to obtain the CRC value of the given message. The algorithm is table-based and can accelerate different CRC algorithms. Based on the algorithm, the architecture is designed to accelerate CRC algorithms with high parallelism and flexibility. The architecture is configurable and can support CRC algorithms such as CRC32, CRC24, CRC-CCITT, CRC16, CRC8. CRC value of 128-bit input data can be generated in one cycle. Our method also allows calculation over data that is less than 128-bit wide without increasing hardware cost. With 128-bit input each clock cycle, the throughput of the proposed architecture reaches up to 100 Gbps by utilizing 16 KB SRAM (Static Random Access Memory) with about 12% area reduction compared with previous work.
提出了一种基于表的CRC(循环冗余校验)算法的高性能架构实现。该架构是基于高度并行的CRC算法设计的。该算法首先将任意长度的给定消息分成字节。然后在分割的字节之间并行使用查找表执行CRC计算。最后对结果进行xor,得到给定报文的CRC值。该算法是基于表的,可以加速不同的CRC算法。在此基础上,设计了具有高并行性和灵活性的加速CRC算法的架构。该架构可配置,支持CRC32、CRC24、CRC- ccitt、CRC16、CRC8等CRC算法。一个周期可生成128位输入数据的CRC值。我们的方法还允许对小于128位宽的数据进行计算,而不会增加硬件成本。在每个时钟周期128位输入的情况下,通过使用16 KB的SRAM(静态随机存取存储器),所提出的架构的吞吐量达到100 Gbps,与以前的工作相比,面积减少了约12%。
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引用次数: 21
Improved PCFICH decoding in LTE systems 改进LTE系统中的PCFICH解码
Pub Date : 2015-04-22 DOI: 10.1109/LANMAN.2015.7114739
Saheed A. Adegbite, S. McMeekin, B. Stewart
This paper studies control format indicator (CFI) estimation methods in 4G-LTE communication systems. CFI is an essential control signal in LTE, and must be correctly detected at the receiver to avoid degraded system performance. The standard method of CFI detection involves the use of the Maximum Likelihood (ML) estimation criterion. Unfortunately, ML decoding performance relies on accurate channel estimation, and as a consequence may result in poor CFI decoding when channel estimates are poor. To improve CFI detection in severe fading channel conditions, a time-domain decision rule that requires no channel estimation, is proposed. Results show that when compared with the ML approach, the proposed method reduces the probability of CFI estimation error in the form of reduced block error rate.
研究了4G-LTE通信系统中控制格式指示器(CFI)的估计方法。CFI是LTE中必不可少的控制信号,必须在接收端正确检测CFI以避免降低系统性能。CFI检测的标准方法包括使用最大似然(ML)估计准则。不幸的是,ML解码性能依赖于准确的信道估计,因此当信道估计较差时,可能导致较差的CFI解码。为了提高严重衰落信道条件下CFI检测的性能,提出了一种不需要信道估计的时域决策规则。结果表明,与ML方法相比,该方法以降低块错误率的形式降低了CFI估计误差的概率。
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引用次数: 4
Prolate-binary sequences for SLM based papr reduction in OFDM systems OFDM系统中基于SLM的减纸延时二进制序列
Pub Date : 2015-04-22 DOI: 10.1109/LANMAN.2015.7114732
Saheed A. Adegbite, S. McMeekin, B. Stewart
To reduce the occurrence of high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR), this paper introduces prolate-binary sequences, and their application in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems that implement selected mapping (SLM). Through computer simulation, it is shown that the proposed prolate-binary sequences offer combined improved PAPR reduction performance, and reduced computational complexity compared with Riemann-binary sequences.
为了降低峰值平均功率比(PAPR)的出现,本文介绍了长二进制序列及其在实现选择映射(SLM)的正交频分复用(OFDM)系统中的应用。计算机仿真结果表明,与Riemann-binary序列相比,所提出的proplate -binary序列具有更好的PAPR约简性能,并且降低了计算复杂度。
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引用次数: 3
MMSE-based lattice-reduction-aided fixed-complexity sphere decoder for low-complexity near-ML MIMO detection 基于mmse的栅格约简辅助固定复杂度球面解码器,用于低复杂度近ml MIMO检测
Pub Date : 2015-04-22 DOI: 10.1109/LANMAN.2015.7114716
Hyunsub Kim, Hyukyeon Lee, Jaeseok Kim
In this paper, we propose a minimum-mean-squared-error (MMSE)-based lattice-reduction (LR)-aided fixed-complexity sphere decoder (FSD) for low-complexity near-maximum-likelihood (near-ML) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) detection. In order for the FSD to achieve optimal performance, the number of full expansion (FE) stages should be sufficient, which is the major cause of the increase in the computational complexity when either a large signal constellation or a large number of antennas are adopted. However, the proposed algorithm maintains the near-ML performance with the aid of the MMSE-based LR algorithm while reducing the number of FE stages. Although there exists the increase in the computational complexity for the application of the additional processing elements, the decrease in the number of FE stages results in the lower computational complexity of the overall algorithm. The numerical analysis demonstrates that there is a considerable decrease in the computational complexity while the performance degradation is negligible, compared to the optimal FSD.
在本文中,我们提出了一种基于最小均方误差(MMSE)的栅格缩减(LR)辅助固定复杂度球体解码器(FSD),用于低复杂度近最大似然(近ml)多输入多输出(MIMO)检测。为了使FSD达到最优的性能,充分展开(FE)级的数量必须足够,这是在采用大信号星座或大量天线时计算复杂度增加的主要原因。然而,该算法在基于mmse的LR算法的帮助下保持了接近ml的性能,同时减少了FE阶段的数量。虽然应用额外的处理元素会增加计算复杂度,但FE阶段数量的减少会导致整体算法的计算复杂度降低。数值分析表明,与最优FSD相比,计算复杂度显著降低,而性能下降可以忽略不计。
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引用次数: 6
Superpoint-based detection against distributed denial of service (DDoS) flooding attacks 基于超级点的分布式拒绝服务(DDoS)洪水攻击检测
Pub Date : 2015-04-22 DOI: 10.1109/LANMAN.2015.7114724
Hong Jiang, Shuqiao Chen, Hong-chao Hu, Mingming Zhang
DDoS flooding attack is a critical threat to the normal operation of network. However, current feature-based detection methods are cheated by hackers easily and most of these mechanisms do not differentiate between DDoS flooding attacks and legitimate random flash crowds with feature independent and location extended. To address the challenges, we propose a two-stage detection strategy by combining superpoints and flow similarity measurement. To locate the suspicious flows, polymerization degree of destination superpoints is introduced in a moving time window mechanism. Based on the suspicious flows, a sliding-detection algorithm is presented for distinguishing flooding attacks from flash crowds with similarity metrics. Computer simulation results indicate that our detection approach can detect DDoS flooding attacks efficiently and Total Variation Distance (TVD) is the most suitable metric for discriminating DDoS flooding attack flows from flash crowds. Built on flow arrivals, the proposed mechanism is practical for the attack detection on high speed links.
DDoS洪水攻击对网络的正常运行构成了严重威胁。然而,现有的基于特征的检测方法很容易被黑客欺骗,并且大多数机制无法区分DDoS洪水攻击和具有特征独立和位置扩展的合法随机闪群攻击。为了解决这些问题,我们提出了一种结合叠加点和流量相似度测量的两阶段检测策略。为了定位可疑流,在移动时间窗口机制中引入了目标叠加点的聚合度。在可疑流量的基础上,提出了一种滑动检测算法,利用相似度度量来区分洪水攻击和闪电人群攻击。计算机仿真结果表明,该方法能够有效地检测出DDoS洪水攻击,总变异距离(Total Variation Distance, TVD)是区分DDoS洪水攻击流和闪电人群的最合适指标。该机制基于流量到达,对高速链路上的攻击检测具有实用性。
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引用次数: 9
Virtual-single-cell wireless networks with 3G-LTE-based protocol and PON for backhaul network 基于3g - lte协议的虚拟单蜂窝无线网络和回程网络的PON
Pub Date : 2015-04-22 DOI: 10.1109/LANMAN.2015.7114721
Takahiko Yamada, Toshikazu Nishimura
This paper presents possibility of dense small cell network for local areas from a view of network control considering two types of applications; one is 100m cells for a major road supporting vehicles' mobility and another one is 10m cells for campuses supporting walking mobility. They adopt 3GLTE protocol after slight modification. Handover is directly triggered from a UE (User Equipment) to a target BS (base station) to shorten the handover period though it is relayed on a serving BS in conventional systems while drawing large latency due to backhaul communications. The direct request uses SR (Schedule Request) signal on PUCCH (Physical Uplink Control Channel) of 3G-LTE protocol. This can be allowed by short propagating delay in a small cell and synchronous operation of all BSs under clock of PON (Passive Optical Network) used for the backhaul network. Handover resources like SR codes, downward frames, and terminal ID are reserved among the target UE and a group of BSs next to one serving the target UE before handover. Cells surrounding the target UE follow the move of the UE always confining the target UE in the cells with the reserved handover resources.
本文从网络控制的角度考虑了两类应用,提出了局部密集小蜂窝网络的可能性;一个是100米的单元用于支持主要道路车辆的机动性,另一个是10米的单元用于支持校园步行的机动性。他们在稍作修改后采用了3GLTE协议。切换从UE(用户设备)直接触发到目标BS(基站),以缩短切换周期,尽管在传统系统中它是在服务BS上中继的,但由于回程通信而产生很大的延迟。直接请求使用3G-LTE协议PUCCH (Physical Uplink Control Channel)上的SR (Schedule request)信号。这可以通过在一个小小区内的短传播延迟和在回程网络使用的PON(无源光网络)时钟下所有BSs的同步操作来实现。SR码、下行帧、终端标识码等切换资源在切换前在目标终端和服务目标终端的一组BSs之间保留。围绕目标终端的单元遵循终端的移动,始终将目标终端限制在具有保留切换资源的单元中。
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引用次数: 0
Scalable mobile backhauling via information-centric networking 通过以信息为中心的网络进行可扩展的移动回运
Pub Date : 2015-04-22 DOI: 10.1109/LANMAN.2015.7114719
G. Carofiglio, Massimo Gallo, L. Muscariello, Diego Perino
The rapid traffic growth fueled by mobile devices spread and high speed network access calls for substantial innovation at network layer. The content-centric nature of Internet usage highlights the limitations of the host-centric model in coping with dynamic content-to-location binding, mobility, multicast, multi-homing, etc. If transmission capacity speedups in the backhaul may hide inefficiencies in the short term, the hostcentric communication model needs to be revisited to sustain future mobile demand. In this paper, we first identify and quantify the opportunities for backhaul evolution by analyzing a large set of traffic measurements collected between mobile core and backhaul of Orange France. The analysis reveals that 50% of HTTP requests are cacheable and traffic can be reduced from 60% to 95% during the peak hour by using 350GBs to 1TB of memory overall. Motivated by such significant opportunities for latency reduction and network cost savings, we present a solution based on Information-Centric Networking (ICN). First results of a large scale experimentation with 100 Linux servers and customized software, in a realistic network setting, provide a glimpse into ICN gains even under naive caching: a factor three reduction in delivery time and almost 40% bandwidth savings, when compared to existing alternatives.
移动设备的普及和高速网络接入推动了流量的快速增长,要求在网络层进行大量创新。Internet使用的以内容为中心的特性突出了以主机为中心的模型在处理动态内容到位置绑定、移动性、多播、多宿主等方面的局限性。如果回程中的传输容量加速可能会在短期内隐藏低效率,则需要重新审视以主机为中心的通信模型,以维持未来的移动需求。在本文中,我们首先通过分析Orange France移动核心和回程之间收集的大量流量测量数据来确定和量化回程演进的机会。分析显示,50%的HTTP请求是可缓存的,在高峰时段,通过使用350gb到1TB的内存,流量可以从60%减少到95%。在减少延迟和节省网络成本的重要机会的激励下,我们提出了一种基于信息中心网络(ICN)的解决方案。在一个现实的网络环境中,对100台Linux服务器和定制软件进行大规模实验的第一个结果,让我们看到了ICN在初始缓存下的收益:与现有的替代方案相比,交付时间减少了三分之一,带宽节省了近40%。
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引用次数: 26
A novel energy efficient cooperative spectrum sensing scheme for cognitive radio sensor network based on evolutionary game 一种基于进化博弈的认知无线电传感器网络高效节能协同频谱感知方案
Pub Date : 2015-04-22 DOI: 10.1109/LANMAN.2015.7114726
Xiaolong Ma, Fanzi Zeng, Jisheng Xu
In this paper, we focused on how to get CRs collaborate effectively as well as maximize energy savings in cognitive radio sensor network. We have established a model of evolutionary game between a cognitive sensors. In order to let cognitive sensors sense spectrum effectively, we designed a contribution-punishment mechanism, which can stimulate high SNR sensors to participate in spectrum sensing. Additionally, in order to reduce the wasted energy of sensors in idle, we introduced periodic sleep-listen mechanism. Finally, we simulated behavior dynamics for a 6-player polymorphic population game and compared our proposed scheme with non-periodic sleep-listen mechanism scheme. Result shows that our proposed scheme can stimulate high SNR sensors to participate in spectrum sensing effectively and can make the system more energy efficient.
本文主要研究认知无线电传感器网络中,如何使cr有效协作并最大限度地节约能源。我们建立了一个认知传感器之间的进化博弈模型。为了让认知传感器有效地感知频谱,我们设计了一种贡献-惩罚机制,刺激高信噪比传感器参与频谱感知。此外,为了减少传感器在空闲时的能量浪费,我们引入了周期性睡眠-聆听机制。最后,我们模拟了一个6人多态群体博弈的行为动力学,并将我们提出的机制与非周期性睡眠-聆听机制进行了比较。结果表明,该方案能够有效地激发高信噪比传感器参与频谱感知,提高了系统的能效。
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引用次数: 9
Analyzing streaming performance in crowdsourcing-based video service systems 基于众包的视频服务系统流媒体性能分析
Pub Date : 2015-04-22 DOI: 10.1109/LANMAN.2015.7114727
Yipeng Zhou, Liang Chen, Mi Jing, Zhong Ming, D. Chiu
Crowdsourcing-based video service systems, e.g., Thunder Crystal, are novel content distribution platforms composed by a large number of agent devices, acting like miniservers. Most agents are normal Internet users who would like to earn rewarded cash by uploading content through their devices. Compared with CDN, the bandwidth cost is much cheaper; while compared with Peer-to-Peer(P2P), the bandwidth supply is more stable. In this work, we create a stochastic model to analyze the live and VoD streaming performance in such crowdsourcingbased video service systems. Simulation is conducted to validate the accuracy of our analytical results.
基于众包的视频服务系统,如迅雷水晶,是由大量代理设备组成的新型内容分发平台,其作用类似于微型服务器。大多数代理都是普通的互联网用户,他们希望通过自己的设备上传内容来赚取现金奖励。与CDN相比,带宽成本便宜得多;与P2P (Peer-to-Peer)相比,带宽供应更加稳定。在这项工作中,我们创建了一个随机模型来分析这种基于众包的视频服务系统中的直播和点播流的性能。通过仿真验证了分析结果的准确性。
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引用次数: 3
期刊
The 21st IEEE International Workshop on Local and Metropolitan Area Networks
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