Pub Date : 2024-07-02DOI: 10.1038/s41545-024-00346-1
Weiliang Bai, Ruizhe Xu, Mircea Podar, Cynthia M. Swift, Navid B. Saleh, Frank E. Löffler, Pedro J. J. Alvarez, Manish Kumar
Municipal drinking water distribution systems (DWDSs) and associated premise plumbing (PP) systems are vulnerable to proliferation of opportunistic pathogens, even when chemical disinfection residuals are present, thus presenting a public health risk. Monitoring the structure of microbial communities of drinking water is challenging because of limited continuous access to faucets, pipes, and storage tanks. We propose a scalable household sampling method, which uses spent activated carbon and reverse osmosis (RO) membrane point-of-use (POU) filters to evaluate mid- to long-term occurrence of microorganisms in PP systems that are relevant to consumer exposure. As a proof of concept, POU filter microbiomes were collected from four different locations and analyzed with 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. The analyses revealed distinct microbial communities, with occasional detection of potential pathogens. The findings highlight the importance of local, and if possible, continuous monitoring within and across distribution systems. The continuous operation of POU filters offers an advantage in capturing species that may be missed by instantaneous sampling methods. We suggest that water utilities, public institutions, and regulatory agencies take advantage of end-of-life POU filters for microbial monitoring. This approach can be easily implemented to ensure drinking water safety, especially from microbes of emerging concerns; e.g., pathogenic Legionella and Mycobacterium species.
市政饮用水输配系统 (DWDS) 和相关的场所管道系统 (PP) 很容易受到机会性病原体扩散的影响，即使在存在化学消毒残留物的情况下也是如此，从而带来了公共卫生风险。由于连续接触水龙头、管道和储水箱的机会有限，因此监测饮用水微生物群落结构具有挑战性。我们提出了一种可扩展的家庭采样方法，该方法使用废活性炭和反渗透膜使用点过滤器（POU）来评估与消费者接触有关的中长期水处理系统中微生物的发生情况。作为概念验证，从四个不同地点收集了 POU 过滤器微生物组，并用 16S rRNA 基因扩增子测序法进行了分析。分析结果显示了不同的微生物群落，偶尔还能检测到潜在的病原体。这些发现强调了在本地以及在可能的情况下对输水系统内部和整个输水系统进行连续监测的重要性。POU 过滤器的连续运行在捕捉瞬时采样方法可能遗漏的物种方面具有优势。我们建议供水公司、公共机构和监管机构利用报废的 POU 过滤器进行微生物监测。这种方法易于实施，可确保饮用水安全，尤其是新出现的微生物，如致病性军团菌和分枝杆菌。
{"title":"Point-of-use filtration units as drinking water distribution system sentinels","authors":"Weiliang Bai, Ruizhe Xu, Mircea Podar, Cynthia M. Swift, Navid B. Saleh, Frank E. Löffler, Pedro J. J. Alvarez, Manish Kumar","doi":"10.1038/s41545-024-00346-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41545-024-00346-1","url":null,"abstract":"Municipal drinking water distribution systems (DWDSs) and associated premise plumbing (PP) systems are vulnerable to proliferation of opportunistic pathogens, even when chemical disinfection residuals are present, thus presenting a public health risk. Monitoring the structure of microbial communities of drinking water is challenging because of limited continuous access to faucets, pipes, and storage tanks. We propose a scalable household sampling method, which uses spent activated carbon and reverse osmosis (RO) membrane point-of-use (POU) filters to evaluate mid- to long-term occurrence of microorganisms in PP systems that are relevant to consumer exposure. As a proof of concept, POU filter microbiomes were collected from four different locations and analyzed with 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. The analyses revealed distinct microbial communities, with occasional detection of potential pathogens. The findings highlight the importance of local, and if possible, continuous monitoring within and across distribution systems. The continuous operation of POU filters offers an advantage in capturing species that may be missed by instantaneous sampling methods. We suggest that water utilities, public institutions, and regulatory agencies take advantage of end-of-life POU filters for microbial monitoring. This approach can be easily implemented to ensure drinking water safety, especially from microbes of emerging concerns; e.g., pathogenic Legionella and Mycobacterium species.","PeriodicalId":19375,"journal":{"name":"npj Clean Water","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":10.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41545-024-00346-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141489605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-28DOI: 10.1038/s41545-024-00350-5
Anna Salvian, Daniel Farkas, Marina Ramirez-Moreno, Daniela Torruella-Salas, Antonio Berná, Claudio Avignone-Rossa, John R. Varcoe, Abraham Esteve-Núñez, Siddharth Gadkari
Efficient wastewater treatment monitoring is vital for addressing water scarcity. Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) have emerged as real-time biosensors for biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) in urban wastewater. Discrepancies in signal generation may arise due to changes in the composition and metabolism of mixed-culture electroactive biofilms stemming from different wastewater compositions. In this study, 3D-printed MFC-based biosensors were employed to assess the BOD of sterile complex artificial wastewater and untreated urban wastewater. Alterations in the microbial composition of the anode were evaluated using 16S rRNA sequencing and metagenomics analysis. Results show that MFC-based biosensors can be effectively recalibrated for diverse types of wastewater, maintaining consistent sensitivity (0.64 ± 0.10 mA L mg−1 m−2 with synthetic wastewater and 0.78 ± 0.13 mA L mg−1 m−2 with urban wastewater) and limit of detection (49 ± 8 mg L−1 for synthetic wastewater and 44 ± 7 mg L−1 for urban wastewater). Crucially, pre-sterilization, conductivity adjustments, and nitrogen purging of wastewater are not required before its introduction into the biosensor. However, the presence of native aerobic microorganisms in the wastewater might affect the current output. Metagenomics and taxonomic analyses revealed that the alterations in biofilm composition are predominantly in response to the varied chemical and microbiological compositions of different substrates. Despite variations in anodic biofilm composition, the MFC-based biosensor maintains a relative error comparable to the standard BOD test. This highlights the resilience and flexibility of the biosensor when directly used with a variety of wastewater types before full biofilm adjustment.
高效的废水处理监测对于解决水资源短缺问题至关重要。微生物燃料电池（MFC）已成为城市污水生化需氧量（BOD）的实时生物传感器。由于废水成分不同，混合培养的电活性生物膜的组成和新陈代谢可能会发生变化，从而导致信号产生的差异。本研究采用基于三维打印 MFC 的生物传感器来评估无菌复合人工废水和未经处理的城市污水的生化需氧量。使用 16S rRNA 测序和元基因组学分析评估了阳极微生物组成的变化。结果表明，基于 MFC 的生物传感器可针对不同类型的废水进行有效的重新校准，并保持一致的灵敏度（合成废水为 0.64 ± 0.10 mA L mg-1 m-2，城市污水为 0.78 ± 0.13 mA L mg-1 m-2）和检测限（合成废水为 49 ± 8 mg L-1，城市污水为 44 ± 7 mg L-1）。最重要的是，在将废水引入生物传感器之前，无需对废水进行预灭菌、电导率调整和氮气净化。不过，废水中存在的原生好氧微生物可能会影响电流输出。元基因组学和分类学分析表明，生物膜组成的变化主要是对不同基质的不同化学和微生物组成的反应。尽管阳极生物膜的组成发生了变化，但基于 MFC 的生物传感器仍能保持与标准 BOD 测试相当的相对误差。这突出表明，在生物膜完全调整之前，生物传感器可直接用于各种废水类型，具有很强的适应性和灵活性。
{"title":"Resilience of anodic biofilm in microbial fuel cell biosensor for BOD monitoring of urban wastewater","authors":"Anna Salvian, Daniel Farkas, Marina Ramirez-Moreno, Daniela Torruella-Salas, Antonio Berná, Claudio Avignone-Rossa, John R. Varcoe, Abraham Esteve-Núñez, Siddharth Gadkari","doi":"10.1038/s41545-024-00350-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41545-024-00350-5","url":null,"abstract":"Efficient wastewater treatment monitoring is vital for addressing water scarcity. Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) have emerged as real-time biosensors for biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) in urban wastewater. Discrepancies in signal generation may arise due to changes in the composition and metabolism of mixed-culture electroactive biofilms stemming from different wastewater compositions. In this study, 3D-printed MFC-based biosensors were employed to assess the BOD of sterile complex artificial wastewater and untreated urban wastewater. Alterations in the microbial composition of the anode were evaluated using 16S rRNA sequencing and metagenomics analysis. Results show that MFC-based biosensors can be effectively recalibrated for diverse types of wastewater, maintaining consistent sensitivity (0.64 ± 0.10 mA L mg−1 m−2 with synthetic wastewater and 0.78 ± 0.13 mA L mg−1 m−2 with urban wastewater) and limit of detection (49 ± 8 mg L−1 for synthetic wastewater and 44 ± 7 mg L−1 for urban wastewater). Crucially, pre-sterilization, conductivity adjustments, and nitrogen purging of wastewater are not required before its introduction into the biosensor. However, the presence of native aerobic microorganisms in the wastewater might affect the current output. Metagenomics and taxonomic analyses revealed that the alterations in biofilm composition are predominantly in response to the varied chemical and microbiological compositions of different substrates. Despite variations in anodic biofilm composition, the MFC-based biosensor maintains a relative error comparable to the standard BOD test. This highlights the resilience and flexibility of the biosensor when directly used with a variety of wastewater types before full biofilm adjustment.","PeriodicalId":19375,"journal":{"name":"npj Clean Water","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":10.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41545-024-00350-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141462559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-25DOI: 10.1038/s41545-024-00348-z
Qidong Yin, Kai He, Gavin Collins, Jo De Vrieze, Guangxue Wu
Microbial metabolism upholds a fundamental role in the sustainability of water ecosystems. However, how microorganisms surviving in low-concentration substrate water environments, including the existence of emerging compounds of interest, remains unclear. In this review, microbial strategies for concentrating, utilizing, and metabolizing of low concentration substrates were summarized. Microorganisms develop substrate-concentrating strategies at both the cell and aggregate levels in substrate-limited settings. Following, microbial uptake and transport of low-concentration substrates are facilitated by adjusting physiological characteristics and shifting substrate affinities. Finally, metabolic pathways, such as mixed-substrate utilization, syntrophic metabolism, dynamic response to nutrient variation, and population density-based mechanisms allow microorganisms to efficiently utilize low-concentration substrates and to adapt to challenging oligotrophic environments. All these microbial strategies will underpin devising new approaches to tackle environmental challenges and drive the sustainability of water ecosystems, particularly in managing low-concentration contaminants (i.e., micropollutants).
{"title":"Microbial strategies driving low concentration substrate degradation for sustainable remediation solutions","authors":"Qidong Yin, Kai He, Gavin Collins, Jo De Vrieze, Guangxue Wu","doi":"10.1038/s41545-024-00348-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41545-024-00348-z","url":null,"abstract":"Microbial metabolism upholds a fundamental role in the sustainability of water ecosystems. However, how microorganisms surviving in low-concentration substrate water environments, including the existence of emerging compounds of interest, remains unclear. In this review, microbial strategies for concentrating, utilizing, and metabolizing of low concentration substrates were summarized. Microorganisms develop substrate-concentrating strategies at both the cell and aggregate levels in substrate-limited settings. Following, microbial uptake and transport of low-concentration substrates are facilitated by adjusting physiological characteristics and shifting substrate affinities. Finally, metabolic pathways, such as mixed-substrate utilization, syntrophic metabolism, dynamic response to nutrient variation, and population density-based mechanisms allow microorganisms to efficiently utilize low-concentration substrates and to adapt to challenging oligotrophic environments. All these microbial strategies will underpin devising new approaches to tackle environmental challenges and drive the sustainability of water ecosystems, particularly in managing low-concentration contaminants (i.e., micropollutants).","PeriodicalId":19375,"journal":{"name":"npj Clean Water","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":10.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41545-024-00348-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141452747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-24DOI: 10.1038/s41545-024-00342-5
Zhuobin Wu, Ke Zheng, Guichang Zhang, Longwei Huang, Shaoqi Zhou
Membrane distillation is an emerging wastewater treatment technology that harnesses low-grade heat as an energy source and exhibits potential for complete desalination. Nonetheless, two notable challenges hinder the practical application of this technology: membrane wetting and fouling. To counter these challenges, an innovative anti-fouling Janus membrane with asymmetric wettability was developed through electrospinning. The hydrophobic layer was formed using tetraethyl orthosilicate/polysulfone (PSF), and the superhydrophilic layer was created using polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)/PSF. A sensitive adhesion probe was used to assess the anti-fouling performance of the Janus membrane against oil. Molecular dynamics simulation suggested that PVP reduced the adsorption tendency of the membrane for humic acid (HA). Under experimental conditions involving saline water with HA and a saline oil–water emulsion, the non-Janus membrane suffered severe fouling, resulting in rapid water permeate flux decline. However, the Janus membrane demonstrated consistent permeate flux (26.84 LMH and 24.92 LMH) and an impressive salt rejection rate (> 99.99%). This study suggests that the Janus membrane, with its high permeate fluxes and remarkable resistance to fouling and wetting, could be an effective solution for wastewater treatment, with considerable potential for future application.
{"title":"Preparation of polysulfone-based nanofiber Janus membrane for membrane distillation containing organic pollutants","authors":"Zhuobin Wu, Ke Zheng, Guichang Zhang, Longwei Huang, Shaoqi Zhou","doi":"10.1038/s41545-024-00342-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41545-024-00342-5","url":null,"abstract":"Membrane distillation is an emerging wastewater treatment technology that harnesses low-grade heat as an energy source and exhibits potential for complete desalination. Nonetheless, two notable challenges hinder the practical application of this technology: membrane wetting and fouling. To counter these challenges, an innovative anti-fouling Janus membrane with asymmetric wettability was developed through electrospinning. The hydrophobic layer was formed using tetraethyl orthosilicate/polysulfone (PSF), and the superhydrophilic layer was created using polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)/PSF. A sensitive adhesion probe was used to assess the anti-fouling performance of the Janus membrane against oil. Molecular dynamics simulation suggested that PVP reduced the adsorption tendency of the membrane for humic acid (HA). Under experimental conditions involving saline water with HA and a saline oil–water emulsion, the non-Janus membrane suffered severe fouling, resulting in rapid water permeate flux decline. However, the Janus membrane demonstrated consistent permeate flux (26.84 LMH and 24.92 LMH) and an impressive salt rejection rate (> 99.99%). This study suggests that the Janus membrane, with its high permeate fluxes and remarkable resistance to fouling and wetting, could be an effective solution for wastewater treatment, with considerable potential for future application.","PeriodicalId":19375,"journal":{"name":"npj Clean Water","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":10.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41545-024-00342-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141448071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-18DOI: 10.1038/s41545-024-00347-0
Menghan Hu, Na Xie, Yujia Huang, Yikai Yu
It was observed that a super-efficient gel adsorbent system (RRQG@CDC) could be obtained when a matrix material of polyquaternium gel with a flat distribution (RRQG) was loaded onto a skeleton material of cyclodextrin carbide (CDC). The results showed that the adsorption capacity of RRQG@CDC towards dyes was 1250 times higher than that of commonly used activated carbon, enabling highly efficient purification of dyeing wastewater through superior adsorption. In addition, RRQG@CDC demonstrated adaptability to a range of different pH values and salinity conditions, showing super-efficient adsorption abilities towards various types of dyes. Moreover, simulated scale-up tests confirmed the feasibility of this super-efficient adsorbent for practical engineering applications. An enhanced quasi-planar electrostatic adsorption mechanism model was established, which has changed the traditional understanding of adsorption mechanisms. Furthermore, the waste residues of RRQG@CDC, after dye adsorption, can be directly utilized as high-calorific fuels, showcasing the resourcefulness of these residues while eliminating the risk of secondary pollution. In conclusion, this study achieved a remarkably efficient and resource-based purification of dyeing wastewater by developing a highly effective adsorbent system.
{"title":"A super-efficient gel adsorbent with over 1000 times the adsorption capacity of activated carbon","authors":"Menghan Hu, Na Xie, Yujia Huang, Yikai Yu","doi":"10.1038/s41545-024-00347-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41545-024-00347-0","url":null,"abstract":"It was observed that a super-efficient gel adsorbent system (RRQG@CDC) could be obtained when a matrix material of polyquaternium gel with a flat distribution (RRQG) was loaded onto a skeleton material of cyclodextrin carbide (CDC). The results showed that the adsorption capacity of RRQG@CDC towards dyes was 1250 times higher than that of commonly used activated carbon, enabling highly efficient purification of dyeing wastewater through superior adsorption. In addition, RRQG@CDC demonstrated adaptability to a range of different pH values and salinity conditions, showing super-efficient adsorption abilities towards various types of dyes. Moreover, simulated scale-up tests confirmed the feasibility of this super-efficient adsorbent for practical engineering applications. An enhanced quasi-planar electrostatic adsorption mechanism model was established, which has changed the traditional understanding of adsorption mechanisms. Furthermore, the waste residues of RRQG@CDC, after dye adsorption, can be directly utilized as high-calorific fuels, showcasing the resourcefulness of these residues while eliminating the risk of secondary pollution. In conclusion, this study achieved a remarkably efficient and resource-based purification of dyeing wastewater by developing a highly effective adsorbent system.","PeriodicalId":19375,"journal":{"name":"npj Clean Water","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41545-024-00347-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141425151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the path of walking on the road of sustainable and eco-friendly production methods for manufacturing nanomaterials and utilizing them in environmental applications, this article deals with the prosperous synthesis of a biogenic cyclam-functionalized homologous SBA-15 (BCFH-SBA-15). For this purpose, the agricultural waste of the extensively consumed sorghum was used as a rich source of silica in the preparation of BCFH-SBA-15 with a bimodal micro-mesoporous architecture and a substantial surface area of 325 m2 g–1 through a simple one-pot environmentally friendly approach. The material was structurally characterized through the use of different instrumental analyses such as XRD, FTIR, FESEM, TEM, and nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms. BCFH-SBA-15 proved to be highly efficient in adsorbing Ni(II) in aqueous solutions, as confirmed by the most reliable classical models utilized for determining isotherm, thermodynamic, and kinetic adsorption parameters. The Langmuir isotherm model provided the most accurate representation of the experimental results, and it was used to calculate the maximum adsorption capacity of BCFH-SBA-15 under optimal conditions (pH = 6.0, adsorbent dose = 3.00 mg, contact time = 20 min). The maximum adsorption capacity at four temperatures of 298, 303, 308, and 313 K was estimated to be 243.36, 253.87, 260.95, and 266.28 mg g–1, respectively; surpassing most previously reported adsorbents for Ni(II) adsorption. The thermodynamic data of Ni(II) adsorption on the BCFH-SBA-15 indicated a strong chemisorption ( $${triangle H}_{{rm{ads}}.}^{circ }$$ = +122.61 kJ mol–1) and spontaneous process ( $${triangle G}_{{rm{ads}}.}^{circ }$$ .= −29.161 to −36.801 kJ mol–1) with a low degree of randomness ( $${triangle S}_{{rm{ads}}.}^{circ }$$ . = 0.5093 kJ mol–1 K–1).
{"title":"Bio-originated mesosilicate SBA-15: synthesis, characterization, and application for heavy metal removal","authors":"Wensheng Yang, Saeed Shirazian, Roozbeh Soltani, Masoud Habibi Zare","doi":"10.1038/s41545-024-00340-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41545-024-00340-7","url":null,"abstract":"In the path of walking on the road of sustainable and eco-friendly production methods for manufacturing nanomaterials and utilizing them in environmental applications, this article deals with the prosperous synthesis of a biogenic cyclam-functionalized homologous SBA-15 (BCFH-SBA-15). For this purpose, the agricultural waste of the extensively consumed sorghum was used as a rich source of silica in the preparation of BCFH-SBA-15 with a bimodal micro-mesoporous architecture and a substantial surface area of 325 m2 g–1 through a simple one-pot environmentally friendly approach. The material was structurally characterized through the use of different instrumental analyses such as XRD, FTIR, FESEM, TEM, and nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms. BCFH-SBA-15 proved to be highly efficient in adsorbing Ni(II) in aqueous solutions, as confirmed by the most reliable classical models utilized for determining isotherm, thermodynamic, and kinetic adsorption parameters. The Langmuir isotherm model provided the most accurate representation of the experimental results, and it was used to calculate the maximum adsorption capacity of BCFH-SBA-15 under optimal conditions (pH = 6.0, adsorbent dose = 3.00 mg, contact time = 20 min). The maximum adsorption capacity at four temperatures of 298, 303, 308, and 313 K was estimated to be 243.36, 253.87, 260.95, and 266.28 mg g–1, respectively; surpassing most previously reported adsorbents for Ni(II) adsorption. The thermodynamic data of Ni(II) adsorption on the BCFH-SBA-15 indicated a strong chemisorption ( $${triangle H}_{{rm{ads}}.}^{circ }$$ = +122.61 kJ mol–1) and spontaneous process ( $${triangle G}_{{rm{ads}}.}^{circ }$$ .= −29.161 to −36.801 kJ mol–1) with a low degree of randomness ( $${triangle S}_{{rm{ads}}.}^{circ }$$ . = 0.5093 kJ mol–1 K–1).","PeriodicalId":19375,"journal":{"name":"npj Clean Water","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41545-024-00340-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141329459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-14DOI: 10.1038/s41545-024-00345-2
Saeed Shirazian, Sameer Alshehri, Mohammad A. Khasawneh, Masoud Habibi Zare, Arjomand Mehrabani-Zeinabad
In this research, the generation of nanobubbles was carried out using a structure of vortex pump based on the relative blockage of flow (without the use of venturi and orifices, which consume a lot of energy to generate nanobubbles), which has made this process economical and commercial. In addition, the use of advanced synthesized nanoreactors with the Yolk@Shell structure, which forms a photoanode by coating the anode electrode and can operate in the visible light range, has highlighted this research work. An in-depth study of the synergistic effect of advanced photoelectrofenton oxidation methods in addition to the hydrodynamic reactor has shown that the intelligent selection of these three types of advanced oxidation methods together has improved the performance of each other and solved their negative aspects, including the use of hydrogen peroxide, divalent iron ion, and the removal of sludge generated by the electrofenton method. The use of hollow cylindrical electrodes allowed adequate loading of the advanced synthesized nanoreactors with Yolk@Shell structure. The investigation of the effects of micro (advanced synthesized nanoreactors with Yolk@Shell structure) and macro (vortex structure based on relative blockage of the flow) processes on the degradation of pharmaceutical pollutants, both separately and in combination, is a focus of this work. At the end, the energy consumption for each of these processes and this system in general was studied, which showed that the operating cost of this combined system according to the energy consumption requirements for the almost complete removal of the pollutant naproxen and the 90% reduction of its chemical oxygen demand is 6530 Rials/L.h (or 0.15525 USD/L.h), which presents this system as an economical method with industrialization capability. The degradability index (DI) of the introduced system under optimal operating conditions was 3.38, which shows that the development of the system based on the combination of advanced oxidation methods is a suitable method used in this research work due to its environmental friendliness, absence of side effluent production, efficiency and high degradation performance, ability to recover the nanocatalyst and consequently economic efficiency.
{"title":"Economic nanobubbles by RFB and promoted PEF with yolk@double-shell structural photocatalyst for degradation of pharmaceutical pollutants","authors":"Saeed Shirazian, Sameer Alshehri, Mohammad A. Khasawneh, Masoud Habibi Zare, Arjomand Mehrabani-Zeinabad","doi":"10.1038/s41545-024-00345-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41545-024-00345-2","url":null,"abstract":"In this research, the generation of nanobubbles was carried out using a structure of vortex pump based on the relative blockage of flow (without the use of venturi and orifices, which consume a lot of energy to generate nanobubbles), which has made this process economical and commercial. In addition, the use of advanced synthesized nanoreactors with the Yolk@Shell structure, which forms a photoanode by coating the anode electrode and can operate in the visible light range, has highlighted this research work. An in-depth study of the synergistic effect of advanced photoelectrofenton oxidation methods in addition to the hydrodynamic reactor has shown that the intelligent selection of these three types of advanced oxidation methods together has improved the performance of each other and solved their negative aspects, including the use of hydrogen peroxide, divalent iron ion, and the removal of sludge generated by the electrofenton method. The use of hollow cylindrical electrodes allowed adequate loading of the advanced synthesized nanoreactors with Yolk@Shell structure. The investigation of the effects of micro (advanced synthesized nanoreactors with Yolk@Shell structure) and macro (vortex structure based on relative blockage of the flow) processes on the degradation of pharmaceutical pollutants, both separately and in combination, is a focus of this work. At the end, the energy consumption for each of these processes and this system in general was studied, which showed that the operating cost of this combined system according to the energy consumption requirements for the almost complete removal of the pollutant naproxen and the 90% reduction of its chemical oxygen demand is 6530 Rials/L.h (or 0.15525 USD/L.h), which presents this system as an economical method with industrialization capability. The degradability index (DI) of the introduced system under optimal operating conditions was 3.38, which shows that the development of the system based on the combination of advanced oxidation methods is a suitable method used in this research work due to its environmental friendliness, absence of side effluent production, efficiency and high degradation performance, ability to recover the nanocatalyst and consequently economic efficiency.","PeriodicalId":19375,"journal":{"name":"npj Clean Water","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41545-024-00345-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141326811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-10DOI: 10.1038/s41545-024-00344-3
Kai Sun, Ziyan Niu, Shenghua Xiao, Xuemin Qi, Shunyao Li, Meihua Chen, Lingzhi Dai, Youbin Si
Humic substances (HSs), as the “black gold” of global agriculture, have a crucial environmental significance in cleaning harmful compounds, maintaining carbon mass balance, and increasing crop productivity. Unfortunately, the resources of HSs extracted from nature are insufficient, causing the supply, demand, and budget of the humus market to gradually increase. Given the analogous architectures of lignin and HSs, artificially regulated humification (ARH) has a great potential for directionally controlling the oxidative cleavage of lignin and/or the radical copolymerization of lignin precursors, to produce reassembled oligomers and/or polymers that can compare favorably with the function and efficacy of HSs. Herein, different ARH strategies are innovatively proposed to tackle hazardous chemicals and create humic-like biostimulators (H-LBs). We briefly describe the characteristics and functionalities of natural HSs, and summarize the latest approaches and mechanisms of lignin and its precursor-based ARH. In particular, the ARH routes of bio-composting, laccase catalysis, white-rot fungal degradation, Fenton-based advanced oxidation, and hydrothermal humification are comparatively highlighted to govern harmful substrates, enhance carbon sequestration, generate H-LBs, and practice sustainable agriculture. Furthermore, the mechanisms for promoting crop growth of H-LBs are also illustrated. Advances in modulating humification pathways may solve the technological bottlenecks of ARH in-situ and ex-situ by well-stocked lignin and its small derivatives, which are important for decontaminating contaminants, reducing CO2 emissions, and enriching H-LBs in agroecosystems.
{"title":"Artificially regulated humification in creating humic-like biostimulators","authors":"Kai Sun, Ziyan Niu, Shenghua Xiao, Xuemin Qi, Shunyao Li, Meihua Chen, Lingzhi Dai, Youbin Si","doi":"10.1038/s41545-024-00344-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41545-024-00344-3","url":null,"abstract":"Humic substances (HSs), as the “black gold” of global agriculture, have a crucial environmental significance in cleaning harmful compounds, maintaining carbon mass balance, and increasing crop productivity. Unfortunately, the resources of HSs extracted from nature are insufficient, causing the supply, demand, and budget of the humus market to gradually increase. Given the analogous architectures of lignin and HSs, artificially regulated humification (ARH) has a great potential for directionally controlling the oxidative cleavage of lignin and/or the radical copolymerization of lignin precursors, to produce reassembled oligomers and/or polymers that can compare favorably with the function and efficacy of HSs. Herein, different ARH strategies are innovatively proposed to tackle hazardous chemicals and create humic-like biostimulators (H-LBs). We briefly describe the characteristics and functionalities of natural HSs, and summarize the latest approaches and mechanisms of lignin and its precursor-based ARH. In particular, the ARH routes of bio-composting, laccase catalysis, white-rot fungal degradation, Fenton-based advanced oxidation, and hydrothermal humification are comparatively highlighted to govern harmful substrates, enhance carbon sequestration, generate H-LBs, and practice sustainable agriculture. Furthermore, the mechanisms for promoting crop growth of H-LBs are also illustrated. Advances in modulating humification pathways may solve the technological bottlenecks of ARH in-situ and ex-situ by well-stocked lignin and its small derivatives, which are important for decontaminating contaminants, reducing CO2 emissions, and enriching H-LBs in agroecosystems.","PeriodicalId":19375,"journal":{"name":"npj Clean Water","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41545-024-00344-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141304303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-10DOI: 10.1038/s41545-024-00343-4
María Molinos-Senante, Manel Poch, Diego Rosso, Manel Garrido-Baserba
Current wastewater management practices underutilize wastewater as a valuable source of water, energy, and essential plant nutrients. A new paradigm shift is needed, one that integrates the water-energy-food nexus into wastewater management. Decentralized wastewater management has the power to redefine not only the urban water cycle but also reshape society towards a more economic and environmentally sustainable future.
{"title":"From wastewater treatment plants to decentralized resource factories","authors":"María Molinos-Senante, Manel Poch, Diego Rosso, Manel Garrido-Baserba","doi":"10.1038/s41545-024-00343-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41545-024-00343-4","url":null,"abstract":"Current wastewater management practices underutilize wastewater as a valuable source of water, energy, and essential plant nutrients. A new paradigm shift is needed, one that integrates the water-energy-food nexus into wastewater management. Decentralized wastewater management has the power to redefine not only the urban water cycle but also reshape society towards a more economic and environmentally sustainable future.","PeriodicalId":19375,"journal":{"name":"npj Clean Water","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41545-024-00343-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141304302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The global wastewater surge demands constructed wetlands (CWs) to achieve the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDG); yet the pollutant removal interactions and global sustainability of small CWs are unclear. This study synthesizes small CW data from 364 sites worldwide. The removal efficiency of organic matter and nutrient pollutants of small CWs had a 75th percentile of 68.8–84.0%. Bivariate analysis found consistent synergies between pollutant removals, lasting 3–12 years. The optimal thresholds for maintaining the synergistic effects were as follows: area size—17587 m2, hydraulic loading rate—0.45 m/d, hydraulic retention time—8.2 days, and temperature—20.2 °C. When considering the co-benefits and sustainability of small CWs for multi-pollutants control, promoting small-scale CWs could be an effective and sustainable solution for managing diverse wastewater pollutants while simultaneously minimizing land requirements. This solution holds the potential to address the challenges posed by global water scarcity resulting from wastewater discharge and water pollution.
{"title":"Sustainability of global small-scale constructed wetlands for multiple pollutant control","authors":"Guogui Chen, Yuanyuan Mo, Xuan Gu, Erik Jeppesen, Tian Xie, Zhonghua Ning, Yina Li, Dongxue Li, Cong Chen, Baoshan Cui, Haiming Wu","doi":"10.1038/s41545-024-00336-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41545-024-00336-3","url":null,"abstract":"The global wastewater surge demands constructed wetlands (CWs) to achieve the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDG); yet the pollutant removal interactions and global sustainability of small CWs are unclear. This study synthesizes small CW data from 364 sites worldwide. The removal efficiency of organic matter and nutrient pollutants of small CWs had a 75th percentile of 68.8–84.0%. Bivariate analysis found consistent synergies between pollutant removals, lasting 3–12 years. The optimal thresholds for maintaining the synergistic effects were as follows: area size—17587 m2, hydraulic loading rate—0.45 m/d, hydraulic retention time—8.2 days, and temperature—20.2 °C. When considering the co-benefits and sustainability of small CWs for multi-pollutants control, promoting small-scale CWs could be an effective and sustainable solution for managing diverse wastewater pollutants while simultaneously minimizing land requirements. This solution holds the potential to address the challenges posed by global water scarcity resulting from wastewater discharge and water pollution.","PeriodicalId":19375,"journal":{"name":"npj Clean Water","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41545-024-00336-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141287138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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