Pub Date : 2024-11-28DOI: 10.1038/s41545-024-00421-7
Suvidha Gupta, Jorge M. Marchetti
The study examined the feasibility of co-culturing high-value microalgae sp. (Chlorella vulgaris (C.), and Scenedesmus (S.)) with filamentous microalgae sp. (Tribonema (T.) and Lyngbya (L.)) to remediate dairy wastewater (DW) and enhance biomass production and harvesting. The results showed that biomass productivity increased by 12‒174% compared to monocultures, and the best consortium was S:T. This consortium achieved the highest biomass productivity of 84.25 mg L−1 d−1 while removing 86.7% of chemical oxygen demand (COD), >88.7% of NO3−-N and >98.5% of PO43–-P. The study also tested the effect of harvesting time on the accumulation of biochemical components and found the optimal harvesting times of day 9 and day 11 to achieve maximum carbohydrate and lipid productivity, respectively. Additionally, the microalgae consortium S:T achieved a high biomass recovery of 78.5%, compared to 32.4% obtained for S. alone, highlighting its potential for efficient DW remediation and resource recovery.
{"title":"Co-cultivation of high-value microalgae species with filamentous microalgae for dairy wastewater treatment","authors":"Suvidha Gupta, Jorge M. Marchetti","doi":"10.1038/s41545-024-00421-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41545-024-00421-7","url":null,"abstract":"The study examined the feasibility of co-culturing high-value microalgae sp. (Chlorella vulgaris (C.), and Scenedesmus (S.)) with filamentous microalgae sp. (Tribonema (T.) and Lyngbya (L.)) to remediate dairy wastewater (DW) and enhance biomass production and harvesting. The results showed that biomass productivity increased by 12‒174% compared to monocultures, and the best consortium was S:T. This consortium achieved the highest biomass productivity of 84.25 mg L−1 d−1 while removing 86.7% of chemical oxygen demand (COD), >88.7% of NO3−-N and >98.5% of PO43–-P. The study also tested the effect of harvesting time on the accumulation of biochemical components and found the optimal harvesting times of day 9 and day 11 to achieve maximum carbohydrate and lipid productivity, respectively. Additionally, the microalgae consortium S:T achieved a high biomass recovery of 78.5%, compared to 32.4% obtained for S. alone, highlighting its potential for efficient DW remediation and resource recovery.","PeriodicalId":19375,"journal":{"name":"npj Clean Water","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":10.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41545-024-00421-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142753771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-28DOI: 10.1038/s41545-024-00420-8
Alexandros Maziotis, Ramon Sala-Garrido, Manuel Mocholi-Arce, Maria Molinos-Senante
Understanding the water-energy-carbon nexus in water supply is essential for water regulators and utilities. This study employs a non-radial Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model to assess eco-productivity (ecoP) change, a synthetic indicator that integrates carbon emissions, energy costs, and water delivered. It also evaluates its components—eco-efficiency change and eco-technological change—across water companies in England and Wales from 2011 to 2018. The analysis reveals an annual improvement in ecoP of 1.1%, driven by a 2.1% gain in eco-efficiency but offset by a 1.0% decline in technological advancement. The reduction in GHG emissions emerged as the most significant positive contributor, enhancing ecoP by 3.22% annually, while energy costs detracted ecoP by –0.09%. The results underscore the negative impacts of increased water delivery (–1.74%) and the number of connected properties (–1.27%) on ecoP, highlighting the need for demand management policies.
{"title":"Understanding water-energy-carbon nexus in English and Welsh water industry by assessing eco-productivity of water companies","authors":"Alexandros Maziotis, Ramon Sala-Garrido, Manuel Mocholi-Arce, Maria Molinos-Senante","doi":"10.1038/s41545-024-00420-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41545-024-00420-8","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding the water-energy-carbon nexus in water supply is essential for water regulators and utilities. This study employs a non-radial Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model to assess eco-productivity (ecoP) change, a synthetic indicator that integrates carbon emissions, energy costs, and water delivered. It also evaluates its components—eco-efficiency change and eco-technological change—across water companies in England and Wales from 2011 to 2018. The analysis reveals an annual improvement in ecoP of 1.1%, driven by a 2.1% gain in eco-efficiency but offset by a 1.0% decline in technological advancement. The reduction in GHG emissions emerged as the most significant positive contributor, enhancing ecoP by 3.22% annually, while energy costs detracted ecoP by –0.09%. The results underscore the negative impacts of increased water delivery (–1.74%) and the number of connected properties (–1.27%) on ecoP, highlighting the need for demand management policies.","PeriodicalId":19375,"journal":{"name":"npj Clean Water","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":10.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41545-024-00420-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142753767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-27DOI: 10.1038/s41545-024-00406-6
Rongsheng Liu, Tarek Zayed, Rui Xiao
Detecting and mitigating leaks in water distribution networks are vital for water conservation. Machine-learning-based (ML) acoustic leak detection models were introduced as effective alternatives for leak management. However, ML model training requires sufficient labeled data, which hinders related development. To address this challenge, this study employed contrastive learning (CL) for leak detection using limited labeled signals. Experimental results indicate that flip-x and amplitude scaling are optimal combinations for contrastive learning. Besides, ablation and t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) results reveal that increasing the model depth does not always yield performance improvement, and five convolutional blocks are more suitable for the leak detection problem in this study. Comparison experiments demonstrate that contrastive learning outperforms supervised learning (SL) when trained with insufficient labeled data. The out-of-sample validation results indicate that the proposed leak detection model is robust and effective in unexplored pipelines. The proposed framework significantly advances ML-based leak detection research and supports sustainable water management practices.
{"title":"Contrastive learning method for leak detection in water distribution networks","authors":"Rongsheng Liu, Tarek Zayed, Rui Xiao","doi":"10.1038/s41545-024-00406-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41545-024-00406-6","url":null,"abstract":"Detecting and mitigating leaks in water distribution networks are vital for water conservation. Machine-learning-based (ML) acoustic leak detection models were introduced as effective alternatives for leak management. However, ML model training requires sufficient labeled data, which hinders related development. To address this challenge, this study employed contrastive learning (CL) for leak detection using limited labeled signals. Experimental results indicate that flip-x and amplitude scaling are optimal combinations for contrastive learning. Besides, ablation and t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) results reveal that increasing the model depth does not always yield performance improvement, and five convolutional blocks are more suitable for the leak detection problem in this study. Comparison experiments demonstrate that contrastive learning outperforms supervised learning (SL) when trained with insufficient labeled data. The out-of-sample validation results indicate that the proposed leak detection model is robust and effective in unexplored pipelines. The proposed framework significantly advances ML-based leak detection research and supports sustainable water management practices.","PeriodicalId":19375,"journal":{"name":"npj Clean Water","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":10.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41545-024-00406-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142753776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-26DOI: 10.1038/s41545-024-00412-8
Siyang Xing, Congle Li, Jialin Wang, Mengmeng Sun, Yingying Zhao, Yixing Gou, Panpan Zhang, Jingtao Bi
Adsorption capacity is a critical indicator of adsorbent performance, its assessment often requires precise but complicated measurements of adsorbate concentration in the liquid phase. This study presents a colorimetric sensing method based on a fabricated model for directly assessing the adsorption capacity of colored cations through the absorbance of the adsorbent. The exceptional analytical capability of the proposed method was demonstrated by the rapid determination of colored cation adsorption capacity in single-cation (Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), and U(VI)) systems, mixed-cation systems, and real wastewater samples. Additionally, a series of colorimetric cards have been developed to enable rapid and effective real-time monitoring of adsorption capacity in industrial production, resource extraction, wastewater treatment, and other applications. This research is expected to significantly enhance the methods available for adsorption capacity measurement.
{"title":"A colorimetric sensing method for direct determination of the adsorption capacity of colored cations in adsorbents","authors":"Siyang Xing, Congle Li, Jialin Wang, Mengmeng Sun, Yingying Zhao, Yixing Gou, Panpan Zhang, Jingtao Bi","doi":"10.1038/s41545-024-00412-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41545-024-00412-8","url":null,"abstract":"Adsorption capacity is a critical indicator of adsorbent performance, its assessment often requires precise but complicated measurements of adsorbate concentration in the liquid phase. This study presents a colorimetric sensing method based on a fabricated model for directly assessing the adsorption capacity of colored cations through the absorbance of the adsorbent. The exceptional analytical capability of the proposed method was demonstrated by the rapid determination of colored cation adsorption capacity in single-cation (Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), and U(VI)) systems, mixed-cation systems, and real wastewater samples. Additionally, a series of colorimetric cards have been developed to enable rapid and effective real-time monitoring of adsorption capacity in industrial production, resource extraction, wastewater treatment, and other applications. This research is expected to significantly enhance the methods available for adsorption capacity measurement.","PeriodicalId":19375,"journal":{"name":"npj Clean Water","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":10.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41545-024-00412-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142714710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amidst the global sanitation challenges of water pollution, waterborne diseases, and the alarming presence of pathogens in disinfected water, microalgal technology has emerged as a viable alternative for wastewater treatment. Recently, the ability of microalgae to remove pathogens from wastewater has been highlighted. However, a critical knowledge gap exists regarding microalgae-mediated pathogen removal mechanisms. The present study uncovers the intricate mechanisms of Chlorella pyrenoidosa-mediated Escherichia coli removal from sewage. Microalgae-induced pH increase was identified as the most crucial mechanism, followed by photooxidation and attachment, mediated by the hydroxyl group. Longer photoperiods or ultraviolet irradiation produced high oxidative stress, promoting microalgal exopolysaccharides’ production and increasing pathogen entrapment. The knowledge of crucial removal mechanisms can be harnessed for the development of more efficient, innovative, and scalable microalgal systems. Such improved systems offer a sustainable solution to address water-related issues by improving wastewater treatment, increasing access to clean water, and reducing the transmission risk of waterborne diseases.
{"title":"Unveiling mechanistic intricacies of Chlorella pyrenoidosa-mediated pathogen removal from sewage","authors":"Ankita Bhatt, Pratham Arora, Sanjeev Kumar Prajapati","doi":"10.1038/s41545-024-00411-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41545-024-00411-9","url":null,"abstract":"Amidst the global sanitation challenges of water pollution, waterborne diseases, and the alarming presence of pathogens in disinfected water, microalgal technology has emerged as a viable alternative for wastewater treatment. Recently, the ability of microalgae to remove pathogens from wastewater has been highlighted. However, a critical knowledge gap exists regarding microalgae-mediated pathogen removal mechanisms. The present study uncovers the intricate mechanisms of Chlorella pyrenoidosa-mediated Escherichia coli removal from sewage. Microalgae-induced pH increase was identified as the most crucial mechanism, followed by photooxidation and attachment, mediated by the hydroxyl group. Longer photoperiods or ultraviolet irradiation produced high oxidative stress, promoting microalgal exopolysaccharides’ production and increasing pathogen entrapment. The knowledge of crucial removal mechanisms can be harnessed for the development of more efficient, innovative, and scalable microalgal systems. Such improved systems offer a sustainable solution to address water-related issues by improving wastewater treatment, increasing access to clean water, and reducing the transmission risk of waterborne diseases.","PeriodicalId":19375,"journal":{"name":"npj Clean Water","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":10.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41545-024-00411-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142690873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-20DOI: 10.1038/s41545-024-00414-6
Chang Ying Shi, Gang Chen, Ludovic F. Dumée
A significant yet largely untapped reservoir of polluted water arises from groundwater, where the diffusion of PFAS has been shown to be alarmingly on the rise, driven by prolonged accumulation and restricted avenues for degradation. Direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) was used to concentrate and remove perfluorooctanoic acid compounds from contaminated groundwater for the first time using commercially available poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) and poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) membranes. The temporal membrane fouling propensity over the DCMD test was assessed by analysing the morphological and chemical structural changes of the pristine and used membranes. Over 120 h of test using 10 mg/L PFOA-contaminated model groundwater as feed, the PVDF membrane exhibited a lower extent of flux decline of 15% compared to that 43% obtained by PTFE membrane using feed temperature of 60 oC. This study provides a practical route to pre-concentrate the amphiphilic PFAS contaminants from groundwater.
{"title":"Perfluoroalkyl substances concentration from groundwater via direct contact membrane distillation","authors":"Chang Ying Shi, Gang Chen, Ludovic F. Dumée","doi":"10.1038/s41545-024-00414-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41545-024-00414-6","url":null,"abstract":"A significant yet largely untapped reservoir of polluted water arises from groundwater, where the diffusion of PFAS has been shown to be alarmingly on the rise, driven by prolonged accumulation and restricted avenues for degradation. Direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) was used to concentrate and remove perfluorooctanoic acid compounds from contaminated groundwater for the first time using commercially available poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) and poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) membranes. The temporal membrane fouling propensity over the DCMD test was assessed by analysing the morphological and chemical structural changes of the pristine and used membranes. Over 120 h of test using 10 mg/L PFOA-contaminated model groundwater as feed, the PVDF membrane exhibited a lower extent of flux decline of 15% compared to that 43% obtained by PTFE membrane using feed temperature of 60 oC. This study provides a practical route to pre-concentrate the amphiphilic PFAS contaminants from groundwater.","PeriodicalId":19375,"journal":{"name":"npj Clean Water","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":10.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41545-024-00414-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142678549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-17DOI: 10.1038/s41545-024-00410-w
Sisi Pu, Hooralain Bushnaq, Catherine Munro, Yann Gibert, Radhey Sharma, Vandana Mishra, Ludovic F. Dumée
This perspective will focus for the first time on the occurrence and potential transport pathways of MPs within the MENA region. The delivery mechanism of MPs and characteristics of ocean currents and air patterns are discussed in detail within the Arabian Gulf -Gulf of Oman complex, the Red Sea-Gulf of Aden complex, the southern Arabian margin, and non-MENA region to the south, as well as the Mediterranean Sea respectively. Significant variable dissemination and seasonal delivery across different locations in the MENA regions are revealed from this analysis. The review provides guidance for researchers and government authorities in conducting MPs research and proposing actionable measures to mitigate risks associated with chemical and biological contamination.
{"title":"Perspectives on transport pathways of microplastics across the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region","authors":"Sisi Pu, Hooralain Bushnaq, Catherine Munro, Yann Gibert, Radhey Sharma, Vandana Mishra, Ludovic F. Dumée","doi":"10.1038/s41545-024-00410-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41545-024-00410-w","url":null,"abstract":"This perspective will focus for the first time on the occurrence and potential transport pathways of MPs within the MENA region. The delivery mechanism of MPs and characteristics of ocean currents and air patterns are discussed in detail within the Arabian Gulf -Gulf of Oman complex, the Red Sea-Gulf of Aden complex, the southern Arabian margin, and non-MENA region to the south, as well as the Mediterranean Sea respectively. Significant variable dissemination and seasonal delivery across different locations in the MENA regions are revealed from this analysis. The review provides guidance for researchers and government authorities in conducting MPs research and proposing actionable measures to mitigate risks associated with chemical and biological contamination.","PeriodicalId":19375,"journal":{"name":"npj Clean Water","volume":" ","pages":"1-23"},"PeriodicalIF":10.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41545-024-00410-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142645890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As the urban population increases, the consumption of water resources is also increasing. Safely and effectively supplying water to cities has become an issue that urgently needs to be addressed. The purpose of this research is to substantially reduce the number of contaminants in water distribution networks (WDNs) by using valve control, ensuring that the water infrastructure is not impacted by the adverse effects of wastewater. In addition, an improved parallel binary gannet algorithm (IPBGOA) is proposed and combined with this approach to solve the optimization problem of WDN contamination efficiently. The proposed method is compared with the gannet optimization algorithm (GOA), particle swarm optimization (PSO), differential evolution (DE), the grey wolf optimization (GWO), and the genetic algorithm (GA) on synthetic benchmark networks in simulation experiments. The evidence from the study indicates that the algorithm proposed in this paper is significantly more efficient and reliable than the comparison methods.
{"title":"Optimization of valve switch control for contamination detection in water distribution network","authors":"Jeng-Shyang Pan, Hao Shu, Qingyong Yang, Yu-Chung Huang, Shu-Chuan Chu","doi":"10.1038/s41545-024-00407-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41545-024-00407-5","url":null,"abstract":"As the urban population increases, the consumption of water resources is also increasing. Safely and effectively supplying water to cities has become an issue that urgently needs to be addressed. The purpose of this research is to substantially reduce the number of contaminants in water distribution networks (WDNs) by using valve control, ensuring that the water infrastructure is not impacted by the adverse effects of wastewater. In addition, an improved parallel binary gannet algorithm (IPBGOA) is proposed and combined with this approach to solve the optimization problem of WDN contamination efficiently. The proposed method is compared with the gannet optimization algorithm (GOA), particle swarm optimization (PSO), differential evolution (DE), the grey wolf optimization (GWO), and the genetic algorithm (GA) on synthetic benchmark networks in simulation experiments. The evidence from the study indicates that the algorithm proposed in this paper is significantly more efficient and reliable than the comparison methods.","PeriodicalId":19375,"journal":{"name":"npj Clean Water","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":10.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41545-024-00407-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142601331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-09DOI: 10.1038/s41545-024-00404-8
Enrica Fontananova, Elvira Pantuso, Laura Donato, Elisa Esposito, Rosanna Rizzi, Rocco Caliandro, Gianluca Di Profio
The discharge of wastewater from the mining industry has a critical ecological impact, potentially endangering both soil and marine ecosystems. Alternatively, recovering pure water and valuable materials from these hypersaline streams through a technologically efficient process, would help reduce the ecological impact of the waste, while providing a viable supply chain for raw materials such as magnesium, potassium and others, considered critical to the economy. In this context, this work aimed to simultaneously recover pure water and mineral salts from mine wastewater by membrane-assisted crystallization (MAC). A prior theoretical study based on thermodynamic parameters attempted to predict salts precipitation at different temperatures. MAC tests were then performed at specific thermal gradients and feed pretreatment conditions, achieving preferential precipitation of solids products of different composition containing large quantities of Ca or Mg/K minerals from the real mine tailing wastewater. The experiments also demonstrated the central impact of heterogeneous nucleation effects.
采矿业排放的废水对生态环境造成严重影响，可能危及土壤和海洋生态系统。或者，通过技术上高效的工艺从这些超高盐水流中回收纯水和有价值的材料，将有助于减少废物对生态的影响，同时为镁、钾等对经济至关重要的原材料提供可行的供应链。在此背景下，这项工作旨在通过膜辅助结晶（MAC）同时回收矿山废水中的纯水和矿物盐。之前基于热力学参数的理论研究试图预测盐在不同温度下的沉淀情况。然后，在特定的热梯度和进料预处理条件下进行了 MAC 试验，从实际矿山尾矿废水中优先析出了含有大量 Ca 或 Mg/K 矿物质的不同成分的固体产品。实验还证明了异质成核效应的核心影响。
{"title":"Turning mine-tailing streams into sources of water and mineral salts in a membrane-sustained circular scenario","authors":"Enrica Fontananova, Elvira Pantuso, Laura Donato, Elisa Esposito, Rosanna Rizzi, Rocco Caliandro, Gianluca Di Profio","doi":"10.1038/s41545-024-00404-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41545-024-00404-8","url":null,"abstract":"The discharge of wastewater from the mining industry has a critical ecological impact, potentially endangering both soil and marine ecosystems. Alternatively, recovering pure water and valuable materials from these hypersaline streams through a technologically efficient process, would help reduce the ecological impact of the waste, while providing a viable supply chain for raw materials such as magnesium, potassium and others, considered critical to the economy. In this context, this work aimed to simultaneously recover pure water and mineral salts from mine wastewater by membrane-assisted crystallization (MAC). A prior theoretical study based on thermodynamic parameters attempted to predict salts precipitation at different temperatures. MAC tests were then performed at specific thermal gradients and feed pretreatment conditions, achieving preferential precipitation of solids products of different composition containing large quantities of Ca or Mg/K minerals from the real mine tailing wastewater. The experiments also demonstrated the central impact of heterogeneous nucleation effects.","PeriodicalId":19375,"journal":{"name":"npj Clean Water","volume":" ","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":10.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41545-024-00404-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142597615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-25DOI: 10.1038/s41545-024-00403-9
Ishfaq Showket Mir, Ali Riaz, Julie Fréchette, Joy Sankar Roy, James Mcelhinney, Sisi Pu, Hari Kalathil Balakrishnan, Jesse Greener, Ludovic F. Dumée, Younès Messaddeq
Bacterial cellulose composites hold promise as renewable bioinspired materials for industrial and environmental applications. However, their use as free-standing water filtration membranes is hindered by low compressive strength, fouling, and poor contaminant selectivity. This study investigates the potential of bacterial cellulose-graphene oxide composites membranes for fouling resistance in pressure-driven filtration. Graphene oxide dispersed in poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG-400) is incorporated as a reinforcing filler into 3D network of bacterial cellulose using an in-situ synthesis method. The effect of graphene oxide on in situ fermentation yield and the formation of percolated-network in the composites shows that the optimal membrane properties are reached at a graphene oxide loading of 2 mg/mL. The two-dimensional graphene oxide nanosheets uniformly dispersed into the matrix of bacterial cellulose nanofibers via hydrogen-bonded interactions demonstrated nearly twofold higher water flux (380 L m−2 h−1) with a molecular weight cut-off ranging between 100–200 KDa and a sixfold increase in wet compression strength than pristine BC. When exposed to synthetic organic foulants and bacterial rich feed solutions, the composite membranes showed more than 95% flux recovery. Additionally, the membranes achieved over 95% rejection of synthetic natural organic matter and bacterial rich solutions, showcasing their enhanced fouling resistance and selectivity.
细菌纤维素复合材料有望成为工业和环境应用领域的可再生生物启发材料。然而，由于抗压强度低、易结垢和污染物选择性差，它们在用作独立式水过滤膜时受到了阻碍。本研究探讨了细菌纤维素-氧化石墨烯复合膜在压力驱动过滤中抗污垢的潜力。采用原位合成法将分散在聚乙二醇（PEG-400）中的氧化石墨烯作为增强填料加入到细菌纤维素的三维网络中。氧化石墨烯对原位发酵产量和复合材料中渗滤网形成的影响表明，氧化石墨烯负载量为 2 毫克/毫升时，膜性能达到最佳。通过氢键相互作用将二维氧化石墨烯纳米片均匀分散到细菌纤维素纳米纤维的基质中，在分子量截止范围为 100-200 KDa 时，水通量（380 L m-2 h-1）比原始 BC 高出近两倍，湿压缩强度增加了六倍。当暴露于合成有机污物和富含细菌的进料溶液时，复合膜的通量恢复率超过 95%。此外，膜对合成天然有机物和富含细菌的溶液的排斥率超过 95%，显示出其增强的抗污垢能力和选择性。
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