D. C. Guzmán, N. O. Brizuela, G. B. Mejía, H. Olguín, L. S. Reyes, Armando Valenzuela Pereza, N. L. Ruíz, D. S. Angel
Background: Cardioxane has been probed in patients with advanced malignancies to protect the heart. Selenium, an essential micronutrient exerts varieties of functions such as antioxidant. The aim of this study was to test if cardioxane (CDX) and selenium (Se) have additive antioxidant protective effect on brain and heart, and their relation with dopamine levels. Methods: Thirty-six male Wistar rats divided in groups of 6 animals each, were treated as follows: G1, saline solution 0.9% (control); G2, 100 mg/kg of CDX; G3, 60 μg/kg of Se; G4, 20 mg/kg of 3-nitropropionic acid (3NP); G5, 3NP + CDX and G6, 3NP + Se. 3NP was used as an oxidative stress inducer. Drugs were administered intraperitoneally for 5 days. The animals were sacrificed on the last day of treatment and the brain and heart were extracted and used to measure lipid peroxidation, dopamine, glutathione (GSH), ATPase, calcium, and H2O2. Results: In G2 and G5, dopamine decreased in cortex and striatum while GSH increased in heart, cortex and cerebellum/medulla oblongata. ATPase activity increased in heart and cortex of groups 2, 3, 5 and 6. Lipoperoxidation and H2O2 increased in cortex of animals treated with 3NP. Conclusion: These results suggest that CDX increases antioxidant capacity in the brain and heart while selenium promotes alteration in dopamine metabolism in view of the capacity of 3NP to generate free radicals.
{"title":"Effect of Cardioxane and Selenium on Lipoperoxidation and Levels of Dopamine in Rat Brain and Heart","authors":"D. C. Guzmán, N. O. Brizuela, G. B. Mejía, H. Olguín, L. S. Reyes, Armando Valenzuela Pereza, N. L. Ruíz, D. S. Angel","doi":"10.4236/nm.2019.104026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/nm.2019.104026","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cardioxane has been probed in patients with advanced malignancies to protect the heart. Selenium, an essential micronutrient exerts varieties of functions such as antioxidant. The aim of this study was to test if cardioxane (CDX) and selenium (Se) have additive antioxidant protective effect on brain and heart, and their relation with dopamine levels. Methods: Thirty-six male Wistar rats divided in groups of 6 animals each, were treated as follows: G1, saline solution 0.9% (control); G2, 100 mg/kg of CDX; G3, 60 μg/kg of Se; G4, 20 mg/kg of 3-nitropropionic acid (3NP); G5, 3NP + CDX and G6, 3NP + Se. 3NP was used as an oxidative stress inducer. Drugs were administered intraperitoneally for 5 days. The animals were sacrificed on the last day of treatment and the brain and heart were extracted and used to measure lipid peroxidation, dopamine, glutathione (GSH), ATPase, calcium, and H2O2. Results: In G2 and G5, dopamine decreased in cortex and striatum while GSH increased in heart, cortex and cerebellum/medulla oblongata. ATPase activity increased in heart and cortex of groups 2, 3, 5 and 6. Lipoperoxidation and H2O2 increased in cortex of animals treated with 3NP. Conclusion: These results suggest that CDX increases antioxidant capacity in the brain and heart while selenium promotes alteration in dopamine metabolism in view of the capacity of 3NP to generate free radicals.","PeriodicalId":19381,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience and Medicine","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83427815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Bell, Jordan Whitney, T. Deiss, Тatiana Tatarinova, Lorri Franckle, Susan Beaven, Jeffrey Davis
Introduction: The MNRI (Masgutova Neurosensorimotor Reflex Integration) method was developed in 1989 in Russia and has spread world-wide to treat individuals with certain types reflex development deficits, behavior disorders, disorders of speech or language development, and learning disabilities. MNRI is based on techniques called “repatterning” or remodulation, meaning re-education, recoding the reflex nerve pathways specific for dynamic and postural reflex schemes. Objectives: Repatterning activates the extra pyramidal nervous system responsible for automatic mechanisms and processes, the extension of links between neurons, the growth of neural nets, myelination, and the creation of new nerve routing. This potential result was tested utilizing urinary measurements of the following neurotransmitters: epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine, DOPAC, serotonin, 5-HIAA, glycine, taurine, GABA, glutamate, PEA, and histamine. Methods: Neurological impact of the Masgutova Neurosensorimotor Reflex Method on the magnitude of changes in neurotransmitters was assessed by an external controlled and double-blind method using patients from one of the four diagnosis groups: 1) global developmental disorders; 2) cerebral palsy, Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI), Acute Brain Injury (ABI), and seizures; 3) ADD/ADHD; and 4) anxiety disorders. Results: The post-MNRI results in participants show a tendency for regulation of the above neurotransmitters resulting in their calming down, decrease of hypervigilance, stress resilience increase, improvements in behavioral and emotional regulation, positive emotions, and cognitive processes control. Conclusion: The application of the Masgutova Neurosensorimotor Reflex Method as a therapy modality offers a novelty paradigm for the treatment using neuro- and immune-modulation technologies presenting a non-pharmaceutical approach, based on use of neurosensorimotor reflex circuit concept.
{"title":"The Effect of the MNRI Method on Neurotransmitter Biomarkers of Individuals with Neurodevelopmental Disorders","authors":"C. Bell, Jordan Whitney, T. Deiss, Тatiana Tatarinova, Lorri Franckle, Susan Beaven, Jeffrey Davis","doi":"10.4236/nm.2019.103022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/nm.2019.103022","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The MNRI (Masgutova Neurosensorimotor Reflex Integration) method was developed in 1989 in Russia and has spread world-wide to treat individuals with certain types reflex development deficits, behavior disorders, disorders of speech or language development, and learning disabilities. MNRI is based on techniques called “repatterning” or remodulation, meaning re-education, recoding the reflex nerve pathways specific for dynamic and postural reflex schemes. Objectives: Repatterning activates the extra pyramidal nervous system responsible for automatic mechanisms and processes, the extension of links between neurons, the growth of neural nets, myelination, and the creation of new nerve routing. This potential result was tested utilizing urinary measurements of the following neurotransmitters: epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine, DOPAC, serotonin, 5-HIAA, glycine, taurine, GABA, glutamate, PEA, and histamine. Methods: Neurological impact of the Masgutova Neurosensorimotor Reflex Method on the magnitude of changes in neurotransmitters was assessed by an external controlled and double-blind method using patients from one of the four diagnosis groups: 1) global developmental disorders; 2) cerebral palsy, Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI), Acute Brain Injury (ABI), and seizures; 3) ADD/ADHD; and 4) anxiety disorders. Results: The post-MNRI results in participants show a tendency for regulation of the above neurotransmitters resulting in their calming down, decrease of hypervigilance, stress resilience increase, improvements in behavioral and emotional regulation, positive emotions, and cognitive processes control. Conclusion: The application of the Masgutova Neurosensorimotor Reflex Method as a therapy modality offers a novelty paradigm for the treatment using neuro- and immune-modulation technologies presenting a non-pharmaceutical approach, based on use of neurosensorimotor reflex circuit concept.","PeriodicalId":19381,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience and Medicine","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80970858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
OMGKRP is one of various Karuho poison mysteriously used by unscrupulous individuals to kill people during conflict and animals in Goma City, in DRC. The symptoms and signs of most cases are usually confused with many chronic diseases like tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS; with renal, hepatic and cardiac manifestations as well as blood chemistry changes. The study investigated the toxic effect of OMGKRP poison on blood chemistry, serum enzymes and organ toxicity including the kidney, lung, liver and heart of Wistar albino rats. A laboratory-based experimental study was conducted. Fifty animals in 5 groups each with 10 animals were dosed daily for 28 days with 1.0 mg, 5.0 mg, 20.0 mg and 5000.0 mg/Kg body weight of OMGKRP and normal saline as control group. International standard guidelines, OECD 407 and NIH 2011 were followed during the study period. The blood chemistry analysis, relative organ weight and histopathological changes in the kidney, lung, liver and heart were performed. The findings showed that OMGKRP was associated with increased blood chemistry parameters including total proteins, creatinine, urea, K+ levels, direct albumin levels, a decrease in Cl− levels and albumin levels. Histopathological findings showed an increased relative weight and tissue damages of the lung, kidney, liver and heart. Therefore, OMGKRP Karuho poison caused toxicity on blood chemistry, serum enzymes as well as histopathological changes in the lung, renal, hepatic and cardiac tissue damages in Wistar albino rats.
{"title":"Blood Chemistry and Major Body Organ Induced-Toxicity by Locally-Made Traditional OMGKRP Karuho Poison in Wistar Albino Rats","authors":"Samuel Kule Kyolo, J. Odda, A. Lubega, G. Bbosa","doi":"10.4236/nm.2019.103021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/nm.2019.103021","url":null,"abstract":"OMGKRP is one of various Karuho poison mysteriously used by unscrupulous individuals to kill people during conflict and animals in Goma City, in DRC. The symptoms and signs of most cases are usually confused with many chronic diseases like tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS; with renal, hepatic and cardiac manifestations as well as blood chemistry changes. The study investigated the toxic effect of OMGKRP poison on blood chemistry, serum enzymes and organ toxicity including the kidney, lung, liver and heart of Wistar albino rats. A laboratory-based experimental study was conducted. Fifty animals in 5 groups each with 10 animals were dosed daily for 28 days with 1.0 mg, 5.0 mg, 20.0 mg and 5000.0 mg/Kg body weight of OMGKRP and normal saline as control group. International standard guidelines, OECD 407 and NIH 2011 were followed during the study period. The blood chemistry analysis, relative organ weight and histopathological changes in the kidney, lung, liver and heart were performed. The findings showed that OMGKRP was associated with increased blood chemistry parameters including total proteins, creatinine, urea, K+ levels, direct albumin levels, a decrease in Cl− levels and albumin levels. Histopathological findings showed an increased relative weight and tissue damages of the lung, kidney, liver and heart. Therefore, OMGKRP Karuho poison caused toxicity on blood chemistry, serum enzymes as well as histopathological changes in the lung, renal, hepatic and cardiac tissue damages in Wistar albino rats.","PeriodicalId":19381,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience and Medicine","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82475303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Alloush, N. Fahmy, M. Fouad, H. O. Albaroudy, M. Hamdy, H. H. Salem
Study Objectives: Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) is an acute-onset, monophasic immune-mediated disorder of the peripheral nervous system that often follows an infection. The outcome and prognosis of GBS depend on many factors such as the etiology, clinical features, neurophysiology and immunological parameters. The aim of this study was to assess the factors (clinical, investigatory tools, and therapies) that may affect the outcome of patients with GBS. Patients and methods: this was an analytical observational study that was conducted at Ain Shams university hospitals and Kobri Elkoba Military Hospital including twenty patients with the diagnosis of Guillain Barre Syndrome in the duration from 2016 to 2018. This study included twenty patients with the diagnosis of GBS within two weeks from onset of neurologic symptoms, whom their diagnosis based on the established clinical criteria and verified by investigations. Patients were selected from both genders and aged from 18 to 65 years old. Nerve conduction studies and electromyography were performed within two weeks from admission. Various lines of treatment such as plasma exchange (PE), intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG) or both were used during the period of admission in hospital. Outcome was assessed by the Hughes functional score (F-score), that was applied to the patients on admission, at end of 4 weeks from onset of neuropathy and at the end of 8 weeks. The final outcome at the end of 8 weeks was classified as follow: Group I: good prognosis (0 - 2) on the Hughes functional score (15 patients) and Group II: poor prognosis (3 - 6) on the Hughes functional score (5 patients). Results: the age of the study population ranged from 18 to 65 years with mean of 36.10 ± 16.08 years. Fifteen (75%) patients were males and 5 (25%) patients were females. There was no statistically significant difference found between poor and good prognosis regarding gender. The most common electrophysiological subtype was demyelinating followed by axonal neuropathy. Most patients (75%) had a good outcome at end of study period. It was found that the different line of treatment administered (plasma exchange or IVIG or both) was not associated with poor or good outcome. The patients who needed mechanical ventilation had significantly poor prognosis. Conclusion: the most common electrophysiological subtype was demyelinating followed by axonal neuropathy. Ascending pattern of weakness was more common than descending pattern in this study population and was not related to prognosis. High Hughes score at admission was associated with poor outcome at 8 weeks.
{"title":"Prediction of Outcome in Patients with Guillain Barre Syndrome—An Egyptian Study","authors":"T. Alloush, N. Fahmy, M. Fouad, H. O. Albaroudy, M. Hamdy, H. H. Salem","doi":"10.4236/NM.2019.103018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/NM.2019.103018","url":null,"abstract":"Study Objectives: Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) is an acute-onset, monophasic immune-mediated disorder of the peripheral nervous system that often follows an infection. The outcome and prognosis of GBS depend on many factors such as the etiology, clinical features, neurophysiology and immunological parameters. The aim of this study was to assess the factors (clinical, investigatory tools, and therapies) that may affect the outcome of patients with GBS. Patients and methods: this was an analytical observational study that was conducted at Ain Shams university hospitals and Kobri Elkoba Military Hospital including twenty patients with the diagnosis of Guillain Barre Syndrome in the duration from 2016 to 2018. This study included twenty patients with the diagnosis of GBS within two weeks from onset of neurologic symptoms, whom their diagnosis based on the established clinical criteria and verified by investigations. Patients were selected from both genders and aged from 18 to 65 years old. Nerve conduction studies and electromyography were performed within two weeks from admission. Various lines of treatment such as plasma exchange (PE), intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG) or both were used during the period of admission in hospital. Outcome was assessed by the Hughes functional score (F-score), that was applied to the patients on admission, at end of 4 weeks from onset of neuropathy and at the end of 8 weeks. The final outcome at the end of 8 weeks was classified as follow: Group I: good prognosis (0 - 2) on the Hughes functional score (15 patients) and Group II: poor prognosis (3 - 6) on the Hughes functional score (5 patients). Results: the age of the study population ranged from 18 to 65 years with mean of 36.10 ± 16.08 years. Fifteen (75%) patients were males and 5 (25%) patients were females. There was no statistically significant difference found between poor and good prognosis regarding gender. The most common electrophysiological subtype was demyelinating followed by axonal neuropathy. Most patients (75%) had a good outcome at end of study period. It was found that the different line of treatment administered (plasma exchange or IVIG or both) was not associated with poor or good outcome. The patients who needed mechanical ventilation had significantly poor prognosis. Conclusion: the most common electrophysiological subtype was demyelinating followed by axonal neuropathy. Ascending pattern of weakness was more common than descending pattern in this study population and was not related to prognosis. High Hughes score at admission was associated with poor outcome at 8 weeks.","PeriodicalId":19381,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience and Medicine","volume":"342 1","pages":"232-246"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77318073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thomas Besios, A. Nikolaos, Gourgoulis Vassilios, Mauromatis Giorgos
Background: In recent years, many tests have been developed to evaluate the mobility and functional capacity of people with neurological disorders (Hemiplegia, MS). The purpose of this study was to test the reliability and additionally to determine the measurement error of Modified Ashworth Scale and BBS in adults with neurological disorders (hemiplegia, MS). Methods: In the study of tests 20 adults (11 with multiple sclerosis and 9 with hemiplegia) who were retrospectively registered, participated. The average age of adults was 38.7 ± 13.9 years old and their average body mass was 65.1 ± 13.1 kgr. The Greek version of the tests and a Nikon 5300 digital camera for video recording were used for data collection. ICC was calculated, by means of a two-way ANOVA model. Results: The results showed that there were no statistically significant differences between the two independent evaluators and that the BBS (ICC > 0.989) had strong reliability. The reliability of Modified Ashworth Scale has been found to be average: K = 0.502, (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Overall, the results of the present investigation provided considerable evidence suggesting that the test BBS and MAS are reliable and can be used to evaluate kinetic and balance disorders. Therefore, it was concluded that the tests should be applied in order to reliably estimate the mobility and functional ability of adults with neurological disorders. More research shall be carried out in the future on other patients in order to evaluate the reliability of the above tests.
{"title":"Comparative Reliability of Berg Balance Scale and MAS Tests in People with Neurological Disorders","authors":"Thomas Besios, A. Nikolaos, Gourgoulis Vassilios, Mauromatis Giorgos","doi":"10.4236/NM.2019.103017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/NM.2019.103017","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In recent years, many tests have been developed to evaluate the mobility and functional capacity of people with neurological disorders (Hemiplegia, MS). The purpose of this study was to test the reliability and additionally to determine the measurement error of Modified Ashworth Scale and BBS in adults with neurological disorders (hemiplegia, MS). Methods: In the study of tests 20 adults (11 with multiple sclerosis and 9 with hemiplegia) who were retrospectively registered, participated. The average age of adults was 38.7 ± 13.9 years old and their average body mass was 65.1 ± 13.1 kgr. The Greek version of the tests and a Nikon 5300 digital camera for video recording were used for data collection. ICC was calculated, by means of a two-way ANOVA model. Results: The results showed that there were no statistically significant differences between the two independent evaluators and that the BBS (ICC > 0.989) had strong reliability. The reliability of Modified Ashworth Scale has been found to be average: K = 0.502, (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Overall, the results of the present investigation provided considerable evidence suggesting that the test BBS and MAS are reliable and can be used to evaluate kinetic and balance disorders. Therefore, it was concluded that the tests should be applied in order to reliably estimate the mobility and functional ability of adults with neurological disorders. More research shall be carried out in the future on other patients in order to evaluate the reliability of the above tests.","PeriodicalId":19381,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience and Medicine","volume":"29 1","pages":"224-231"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81385447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Thierry, Agbétou Mendinatou, Dassi Gbénou Jolianelle, Ahanhanzo Rhonel, Kpangon Arsene, Kossi Oyéné, Agballa Gottfried, D. Albert, Houinato Dismand
Objective: To study the frequency of neurological disorders associated to HIV infection. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out from 16th June to 16th September 2014 and included all 289 HIV-outpatients admitted to the Parakou University hospital. All data were recorded, physical examination was performed and the medical sheet of each patient was assessed. The diagnosis of neurological disorder (central and peripheral) was based on clinical features, past medical history, biological test and CT-scan data after multidisciplinary staff. Epi-data and Epi-Info 6.04C were used to perform analysis. Results: They were 73 (25.3%) male with a mean age of 38.0 years +/− 10.1 years. The mean duration of disease was 48.5 months +/− 37.1 months. 150 (51.9%) of them were at Stage 3 of the disease. All patients (99.7%) were infected by HIV1, 188 (76.1%) had CD4 cells at the onset of the follow-up less than 350 cells/mm3 and 260 (90.0%) were on ART. Among the 289 patients, 110 had at least one neurological disorder, the frequency of neurological disorders was 38.1%. The main neurological disorders were peripheral neuropathy (34.3%), isolated headache (5.2%), stroke (0.7%), cerebral toxoplasmosis (0.7%) and one case of dementia (0.7%). The main associated factors were the age of patient and exposure on neurotoxic drug, especially ART. Conclusion: The neurological disorders were more frequent among HIV patients with a high frequency of peripheral neuropathy probably due to ART.
{"title":"Neurological Disorders among the Outpatients Living with Human Immuno Deficiency Virus (HIV) Following at the Parakou Hospital in 2014","authors":"A. Thierry, Agbétou Mendinatou, Dassi Gbénou Jolianelle, Ahanhanzo Rhonel, Kpangon Arsene, Kossi Oyéné, Agballa Gottfried, D. Albert, Houinato Dismand","doi":"10.4236/nm.2019.103014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/nm.2019.103014","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To study the frequency of neurological disorders associated to HIV infection. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out from 16th June to 16th September 2014 and included all 289 HIV-outpatients admitted to the Parakou University hospital. All data were recorded, physical examination was performed and the medical sheet of each patient was assessed. The diagnosis of neurological disorder (central and peripheral) was based on clinical features, past medical history, biological test and CT-scan data after multidisciplinary staff. Epi-data and Epi-Info 6.04C were used to perform analysis. Results: They were 73 (25.3%) male with a mean age of 38.0 years +/− 10.1 years. The mean duration of disease was 48.5 months +/− 37.1 months. 150 (51.9%) of them were at Stage 3 of the disease. All patients (99.7%) were infected by HIV1, 188 (76.1%) had CD4 cells at the onset of the follow-up less than 350 cells/mm3 and 260 (90.0%) were on ART. Among the 289 patients, 110 had at least one neurological disorder, the frequency of neurological disorders was 38.1%. The main neurological disorders were peripheral neuropathy (34.3%), isolated headache (5.2%), stroke (0.7%), cerebral toxoplasmosis (0.7%) and one case of dementia (0.7%). The main associated factors were the age of patient and exposure on neurotoxic drug, especially ART. Conclusion: The neurological disorders were more frequent among HIV patients with a high frequency of peripheral neuropathy probably due to ART.","PeriodicalId":19381,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience and Medicine","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78542794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Soukho, D. Traoré, A. Keita, D. Sy, G. Landouré, S. Diallo, Y. Fofana, Kaly Keita, M. Mallé, I. Dembélé, D. Sangaré, M. Cissoko, B. B. Sangaré, M. Dembélé, A. Traoré, H. Traoré
Introduction: Myasthenia is a rare and disabling autoimmune disease. Few studies were devoted to this pathology. We report a clinical case of myasthenia in the Department of Internal Medicine at the Point G University Teaching Hospital. Observation: This is a 41-year-old patient of Malian origin, a trader with a history of hemorrhoidectomy in 2011 and familial hypertension, was admitted on August 19, 2014, for muscle weakness, dysphonia, and dysphagia. The disease started 1 year before admission at the department with progressive muscle weakness of the upper limbs aggravated by repetitive movements and spreading to the head “drooping head” and inferior limbs, associated with general fatigue, dysphonia and selective dysphagia for solid foods. The diagnosis of myasthenia was maintained based on the clinical signs such as ptosis, bilateral diplopia, and weakness with lower limbs muscle strength rated at 3/5, and confirmed with confirmatory exams; a positive anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody (RIA), the post-synaptic neuromuscular conduction block at ENMG and the positive neostigmine pharmacological test. The patient received Neostigmine (prostagmine) 0.5 mg one ampoule in IM/day and Prednisone at a dosage of 1 mg/kg/day. The evolution was marked by a moderate improvement of the symptomatology afterward the patient was evacuated to Tunisia on family request where he received a course of immunoglobulin 2 g/kg in 2 days. The evolution in Tunisia was favorable. The patient returned in Mali and death occurred after 2 months in a context of respiratory distress. Conclusion: Myasthenia is a rare but serious disease requiring careful management and monitoring to reduce respiratory complications.
{"title":"Serious Myasthenia at the Department of Internal Medicine of Point G University Teaching Hospital: A Clinical Case","authors":"A. Soukho, D. Traoré, A. Keita, D. Sy, G. Landouré, S. Diallo, Y. Fofana, Kaly Keita, M. Mallé, I. Dembélé, D. Sangaré, M. Cissoko, B. B. Sangaré, M. Dembélé, A. Traoré, H. Traoré","doi":"10.4236/nm.2019.103015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/nm.2019.103015","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Myasthenia is a rare and disabling autoimmune disease. Few studies were devoted to this pathology. We report a clinical case of myasthenia in the Department of Internal Medicine at the Point G University Teaching Hospital. Observation: This is a 41-year-old patient of Malian origin, a trader with a history of hemorrhoidectomy in 2011 and familial hypertension, was admitted on August 19, 2014, for muscle weakness, dysphonia, and dysphagia. The disease started 1 year before admission at the department with progressive muscle weakness of the upper limbs aggravated by repetitive movements and spreading to the head “drooping head” and inferior limbs, associated with general fatigue, dysphonia and selective dysphagia for solid foods. The diagnosis of myasthenia was maintained based on the clinical signs such as ptosis, bilateral diplopia, and weakness with lower limbs muscle strength rated at 3/5, and confirmed with confirmatory exams; a positive anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody (RIA), the post-synaptic neuromuscular conduction block at ENMG and the positive neostigmine pharmacological test. The patient received Neostigmine (prostagmine) 0.5 mg one ampoule in IM/day and Prednisone at a dosage of 1 mg/kg/day. The evolution was marked by a moderate improvement of the symptomatology afterward the patient was evacuated to Tunisia on family request where he received a course of immunoglobulin 2 g/kg in 2 days. The evolution in Tunisia was favorable. The patient returned in Mali and death occurred after 2 months in a context of respiratory distress. Conclusion: Myasthenia is a rare but serious disease requiring careful management and monitoring to reduce respiratory complications.","PeriodicalId":19381,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience and Medicine","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75493157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Neuza Soares, E. Dias, M. Formigo, P. Torres-Ramalho, Luís Braz, Reina-Couto Marta
Introduction: Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is an important cause of encephalitis worldwide. While some cases are associated with neoplasms, in the remaining cases the etiology is unclear. Recent literature suggests that viral brain infections, mainly of the herpesviridae family, may be associated and/or trigger NMDAR encephalitis. Case Report: A 34-year-old woman with a 1-month-long history of progressive behavioral and language deterioration came to emergency department after a first unprovoked seizure followed by a focal status epilepticus. Brain computerized tomography was normal, but electroencephalography showed epileptiform activity over the left fronto-temporal region. She was admitted to the intensive care unit. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed subtle T2 hypersignal in the parietal, fronto-opercular and insular regions. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was positive for Epstein Barr virus (EBV) DNA whilst anti-NMDA antibodies were identified both in the CSF and blood. No tumors were detected after thorough investigation. Following intravenous steroids, plasma exchange and rituximab treatment she slowly improved being discharged home and at a 3-month follow-up she was sequels free. Conclusion: Despite the clear association between herpes virus simplex and NMDAR encephalitis, no such unequivocal relation has been reported for other virus, namely EBV. We report a case of NMDAR encephalitis which might be associated and triggered by EBV infection, identified by polymerase chain reaction.
抗n -甲基- d -天冬氨酸受体(NMDAR)脑炎是世界范围内脑炎的重要病因。虽然有些病例与肿瘤有关，但其余病例的病因尚不清楚。最近的文献表明，病毒性脑感染，主要是疱疹病毒科，可能与NMDAR脑炎相关和/或引发NMDAR脑炎。病例报告:一名34岁的女性，有1个月的进行性行为和语言恶化史，在第一次无端癫痫发作后，继发局灶性癫痫持续状态，来到急诊室。脑部电脑断层扫描正常，但脑电图显示左侧额颞区有癫痫样活动。她被送进了重症监护室。脑磁共振成像在顶叶区、额眼区和岛区显示微弱的T2高信号。脑脊液(CSF) eb病毒(EBV) DNA阳性，脑脊液和血液中均检测到抗nmda抗体。彻底检查后未发现肿瘤。经静脉注射类固醇、血浆置换和利妥昔单抗治疗后，患者病情逐渐好转，出院回家，随访3个月，无后遗症。结论:尽管单纯疱疹病毒与NMDAR脑炎之间有明确的联系，但其他病毒(即EBV)没有明确的关系。我们报告一例NMDAR脑炎，可能与EBV感染相关并引发，经聚合酶链反应鉴定。
{"title":"Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis with Concomitant Detection of Epstein-Barr Virus","authors":"Neuza Soares, E. Dias, M. Formigo, P. Torres-Ramalho, Luís Braz, Reina-Couto Marta","doi":"10.4236/nm.2019.103013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/nm.2019.103013","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is an important cause of encephalitis worldwide. While some cases are associated with neoplasms, in the remaining cases the etiology is unclear. Recent literature suggests that viral brain infections, mainly of the herpesviridae family, may be associated and/or trigger NMDAR encephalitis. Case Report: A 34-year-old woman with a 1-month-long history of progressive behavioral and language deterioration came to emergency department after a first unprovoked seizure followed by a focal status epilepticus. Brain computerized tomography was normal, but electroencephalography showed epileptiform activity over the left fronto-temporal region. She was admitted to the intensive care unit. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed subtle T2 hypersignal in the parietal, fronto-opercular and insular regions. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was positive for Epstein Barr virus (EBV) DNA whilst anti-NMDA antibodies were identified both in the CSF and blood. No tumors were detected after thorough investigation. Following intravenous steroids, plasma exchange and rituximab treatment she slowly improved being discharged home and at a 3-month follow-up she was sequels free. Conclusion: Despite the clear association between herpes virus simplex and NMDAR encephalitis, no such unequivocal relation has been reported for other virus, namely EBV. We report a case of NMDAR encephalitis which might be associated and triggered by EBV infection, identified by polymerase chain reaction.","PeriodicalId":19381,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience and Medicine","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87099684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Loyce Nakalembe, J. Kasolo, E. Nyatia, A. Lubega, G. Bbosa
Background: Pain is a common problem encountered in daily life among humans and animal and it is commonly managed conventionally using modern medicines and traditionally by use of medicinal plants. Phytolacca dodecandra is a common herb in Uganda, used traditionally to alleviate pain and inflammatory conditions. However, its activity in alleviating pain and inflammatory diseases has not been fully scientifically evaluated. Aim of Study: To evaluate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of total crude leaf extracts of P. dodecandra in Wistar albino rats. Materials and Methods: It was a laboratory-based experimental study. Acetic acid-induced writhing test was used to determine the analgesic activity and the histamine-induced paw edema formation for anti-inflammatory activity of the extract. Twenty eight animals were divided into 7 groups each with 4 rats and two (2) sets of data were obtained from each animal per group as per guidance of the refinement rule of 3Rs. For analgesic activity, Group I was dosed with 1.0ml of normal saline (negative control), group II, III, IV, V, VI were dosed with 1000.0, 600.0, 150.0, 40.0 and 5.0 mg/kg bwt of extract respectively. Group VII was dosed 10.0 mg/kg bwt diclofenac sodium (Na) drug (positive control). For anti-inflammatory activity, Group I was dosed with 1.0ml of normal saline (negative control), Group II, III, IV, V, VI were dosed with 1000.0, 600.0, 300.0, 40.0 and 5.0 mg/kg bwt of extract respectively. Group VII was dosed 10.0 mg/kg bwt diclofenac Na. The percentage mean paw volume inhibition and percentage writhing protection were determined. Results: The mean percentage paw volume inhibitions were 29.1%, 74.2% and 32.3% at doses of 5.0, 40.0 mg/kg bwt and 10.0 mg/kg bwt diclofenac Na respectively. The mean percentage writhing protection was 8.9%, 10.4%, 78.5% and 98.7% at doses of 150.0, 600.0, 1000.0 mg/kg of extract and 10.0 mg/kg bwt diclofenac Na respectively. Conclusions: Total crude leaf extracts of P. dodecandra has analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity that may be attributed to the presence of polyphenolic, saponins and many others phytochemicals that are present in the plant.
{"title":"Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Total Crude Leaf Extract of Phytolacca dodecandra in Wistar Albino Rats","authors":"Loyce Nakalembe, J. Kasolo, E. Nyatia, A. Lubega, G. Bbosa","doi":"10.4236/nm.2019.103020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/nm.2019.103020","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Pain is a common problem encountered in daily life among humans and animal and it is commonly managed conventionally using modern medicines and traditionally by use of medicinal plants. Phytolacca dodecandra is a common herb in Uganda, used traditionally to alleviate pain and inflammatory conditions. However, its activity in alleviating pain and inflammatory diseases has not been fully scientifically evaluated. Aim of Study: To evaluate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of total crude leaf extracts of P. dodecandra in Wistar albino rats. Materials and Methods: It was a laboratory-based experimental study. Acetic acid-induced writhing test was used to determine the analgesic activity and the histamine-induced paw edema formation for anti-inflammatory activity of the extract. Twenty eight animals were divided into 7 groups each with 4 rats and two (2) sets of data were obtained from each animal per group as per guidance of the refinement rule of 3Rs. For analgesic activity, Group I was dosed with 1.0ml of normal saline (negative control), group II, III, IV, V, VI were dosed with 1000.0, 600.0, 150.0, 40.0 and 5.0 mg/kg bwt of extract respectively. Group VII was dosed 10.0 mg/kg bwt diclofenac sodium (Na) drug (positive control). For anti-inflammatory activity, Group I was dosed with 1.0ml of normal saline (negative control), Group II, III, IV, V, VI were dosed with 1000.0, 600.0, 300.0, 40.0 and 5.0 mg/kg bwt of extract respectively. Group VII was dosed 10.0 mg/kg bwt diclofenac Na. The percentage mean paw volume inhibition and percentage writhing protection were determined. Results: The mean percentage paw volume inhibitions were 29.1%, 74.2% and 32.3% at doses of 5.0, 40.0 mg/kg bwt and 10.0 mg/kg bwt diclofenac Na respectively. The mean percentage writhing protection was 8.9%, 10.4%, 78.5% and 98.7% at doses of 150.0, 600.0, 1000.0 mg/kg of extract and 10.0 mg/kg bwt diclofenac Na respectively. Conclusions: Total crude leaf extracts of P. dodecandra has analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity that may be attributed to the presence of polyphenolic, saponins and many others phytochemicals that are present in the plant.","PeriodicalId":19381,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience and Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89589018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Olakunle Olutoye Osinubi, S. Onwuka, J. Olopade, A. Olude
There are conflicting reports on the effect of Cannabis on brain cells, some reports support damage to brain cells while others do not. This work was carried out at the neuroscience unit of the Department of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Ibadan Oyo State, Nigeria. It investigated the neurodegenerative effect of extract of Cannabis sativa plant on brain regions in newborn Wistar rats exposed to Cannabis in utero and also combining the antioxidant and cell proliferative properties of folic acid to reverse these changes particularly in the Purkinje layer of the cerebellum in the group that received folic acid and cannabis. Four groups of pregnant Wistar rats were treated from Day 5 to 20 of pregnancy as follows: group A received 2ml of normal saline solution per os, group B received 2.0 mg /kg body weight of ethanolic extract of Cannabis sativa plant dissolved in normal saline per os, group C received 2.0 mg /kg body weight of Cannabis sativa extract and 40 mg/kg body weight of folic acid tablets (Emzor®) and group D received 2 mg/kg body weight of folic acid per os. The rat pups from group B showed deficit in locomotor function with spongiosis and astrogliosis in the corpus callosum, cerebellum and hippocampal regions of the brain. While pups from group A showed normal locomotor activities with no visible lesions in regions of the brain such as the cerebrum, cerebellum and the hippocampus. Group C pups were presented with normal locomotor activities with congestion of vessels in cerebrum and meninges and scattered areas of cell loss in the cerebrum, cerebellum hippocampus and corpus callosum and group D pups showed normal locomotor function, with vascular congestion in the meninges and cerebrum. We, therefore, concluded that folic acid which is a crucial factor in cell division, neurotransmitter production and an antioxidant in the nervous system could have a reversal of behavioural and locomotor deficits on nervous tissues exposed to Cannabis sativa extract by reducing the rate of cell death and increasing cellular stability and integrity in brain.
{"title":"Folic Acid Reverses the Effects of Cannabis on the Brain of New Born Wistar Rats","authors":"Olakunle Olutoye Osinubi, S. Onwuka, J. Olopade, A. Olude","doi":"10.4236/nm.2019.103016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/nm.2019.103016","url":null,"abstract":"There are conflicting reports on the effect of Cannabis on brain cells, some reports support damage to brain cells while others do not. This work was carried out at the neuroscience unit of the Department of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Ibadan Oyo State, Nigeria. It investigated the neurodegenerative effect of extract of Cannabis sativa plant on brain regions in newborn Wistar rats exposed to Cannabis in utero and also combining the antioxidant and cell proliferative properties of folic acid to reverse these changes particularly in the Purkinje layer of the cerebellum in the group that received folic acid and cannabis. Four groups of pregnant Wistar rats were treated from Day 5 to 20 of pregnancy as follows: group A received 2ml of normal saline solution per os, group B received 2.0 mg /kg body weight of ethanolic extract of Cannabis sativa plant dissolved in normal saline per os, group C received 2.0 mg /kg body weight of Cannabis sativa extract and 40 mg/kg body weight of folic acid tablets (Emzor®) and group D received 2 mg/kg body weight of folic acid per os. The rat pups from group B showed deficit in locomotor function with spongiosis and astrogliosis in the corpus callosum, cerebellum and hippocampal regions of the brain. While pups from group A showed normal locomotor activities with no visible lesions in regions of the brain such as the cerebrum, cerebellum and the hippocampus. Group C pups were presented with normal locomotor activities with congestion of vessels in cerebrum and meninges and scattered areas of cell loss in the cerebrum, cerebellum hippocampus and corpus callosum and group D pups showed normal locomotor function, with vascular congestion in the meninges and cerebrum. We, therefore, concluded that folic acid which is a crucial factor in cell division, neurotransmitter production and an antioxidant in the nervous system could have a reversal of behavioural and locomotor deficits on nervous tissues exposed to Cannabis sativa extract by reducing the rate of cell death and increasing cellular stability and integrity in brain.","PeriodicalId":19381,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience and Medicine","volume":"113 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80518501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：