Adrian Makowski, Michał Dąbrowski, Ivan Michel Antolovic, Claudio Bruschini, Hugo Defienne, Edoardo Charbon, Radek Lapkiewicz, and Sylvain Gigan
Reprogrammable integrated optics provides a natural platform for tunable quantum photonic circuits, but faces challenges when high dimensions and high connectivity are involved. Here, we implement high-dimensional linear transformations on spatial modes of photons using wavefront shaping together with mode mixing in a multimode fiber, and measure photon correlations using a time-tagging single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) array. Our demonstration of a generalization of a Hong-Ou-Mandel interference to 22 output ports shows the scalability potential of wavefront shaping in complex media in conjunction with SPAD arrays for implementing high-dimensional reconfigurable quantum circuits. Specifically, we achieved (80.5±6.8)% similarity for indistinguishable photon pairs and (84.9±7.0)% similarity for distinguishable photon pairs using 22 detectors and random circuits.
{"title":"Large reconfigurable quantum circuits with SPAD arrays and multimode fibers","authors":"Adrian Makowski, Michał Dąbrowski, Ivan Michel Antolovic, Claudio Bruschini, Hugo Defienne, Edoardo Charbon, Radek Lapkiewicz, and Sylvain Gigan","doi":"10.1364/optica.506943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/optica.506943","url":null,"abstract":"Reprogrammable integrated optics provides a natural platform for tunable quantum photonic circuits, but faces challenges when high dimensions and high connectivity are involved. Here, we implement high-dimensional linear transformations on spatial modes of photons using wavefront shaping together with mode mixing in a multimode fiber, and measure photon correlations using a time-tagging single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) array. Our demonstration of a generalization of a Hong-Ou-Mandel interference to 22 output ports shows the scalability potential of wavefront shaping in complex media in conjunction with SPAD arrays for implementing high-dimensional reconfigurable quantum circuits. Specifically, we achieved <span><span style=\"color: inherit;\"><span><span style=\"margin-left: 0em; margin-right: 0em;\">(</span><span>80.5</span><span style=\"margin-left: 0.267em; margin-right: 0.267em;\">±</span><span>6.8</span><span style=\"margin-left: 0em; margin-right: 0em;\">)</span><span>%</span></span></span><script type=\"math/tex\">(80.5 pm 6.8)%</script></span> similarity for indistinguishable photon pairs and <span><span style=\"color: inherit;\"><span><span style=\"margin-left: 0em; margin-right: 0em;\">(</span><span>84.9</span><span style=\"margin-left: 0.267em; margin-right: 0.267em;\">±</span><span>7.0</span><span style=\"margin-left: 0em; margin-right: 0em;\">)</span><span>%</span></span></span><script type=\"math/tex\">(84.9 pm 7.0)%</script></span> similarity for distinguishable photon pairs using 22 detectors and random circuits.","PeriodicalId":19515,"journal":{"name":"Optica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140015414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ryohei Morita, Takuya Inoue, Masahiro Yoshida, Kentaro Enoki, Menaka De Zoysa, Kenji Ishizaki, and Susumu Noda
Photonic-crystal surface-emitting lasers (PCSELs) are capable of single-mode, high-power lasing over a large resonator area owing to two-dimensional resonance at a singularity point of the photonic band structure. Since the number of photons in the lasing mode in PCSELs are much larger than those in conventional semiconductor lasers, PCSELs are in principle suitable for coherent operation with a narrow spectral linewidth. In this paper, we numerically and experimentally investigate intrinsic spectral linewidths of 1-mm-diameter PCSELs under continuous-wave (CW) operation, and we demonstrate CW operation with 1-kHz-class intrinsic linewidths and 5-W-class output power.
{"title":"Demonstration of high-power photonic-crystal surface-emitting lasers with 1-kHz-class intrinsic linewidths","authors":"Ryohei Morita, Takuya Inoue, Masahiro Yoshida, Kentaro Enoki, Menaka De Zoysa, Kenji Ishizaki, and Susumu Noda","doi":"10.1364/optica.505406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/optica.505406","url":null,"abstract":"Photonic-crystal surface-emitting lasers (PCSELs) are capable of single-mode, high-power lasing over a large resonator area owing to two-dimensional resonance at a singularity point of the photonic band structure. Since the number of photons in the lasing mode in PCSELs are much larger than those in conventional semiconductor lasers, PCSELs are in principle suitable for coherent operation with a narrow spectral linewidth. In this paper, we numerically and experimentally investigate intrinsic spectral linewidths of 1-mm-diameter PCSELs under continuous-wave (CW) operation, and we demonstrate CW operation with 1-kHz-class intrinsic linewidths and 5-W-class output power.","PeriodicalId":19515,"journal":{"name":"Optica","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139988505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sen Yang, Mingze He, Chuchuan Hong, Josh Nordlander, Jon-Paul Maria, Joshua D. Caldwell, and Justus C. Ndukaife
Wavelength-selective thermal emitters (WS-EMs) hold considerable appeal due to the scarcity of cost-effective, narrow-band sources in the mid-to-long-wave infrared spectrum. WS-EMs achieved via dielectric materials typically exhibit thermal emission peaks with high quality factors ({Q} factors), but their optical responses are prone to temperature fluctuations. Metallic EMs, on the other hand, show negligible drifts with temperature changes, but their {Q} factors usually hover around 10. In this study, we introduce and experimentally verify an EM grounded in plasmonic quasi-bound states in the continuum (BICs) within a mirror-coupled system. Our design numerically delivers an ultra-narrowband single peak with a {Q} factor of approximately 64 and near-unity absorptance that can be freely tuned within an expansive band of more than 10 µm. By introducing air slots symmetrically, the {Q} factor can be further augmented to around 100. Multipolar analysis and phase diagrams are presented to elucidate the operational principle. Importantly, our infrared spectral measurements affirm the remarkable resilience of our designs’ resonance frequency in the face of temperature fluctuations over 300°C. Additionally, we develop an effective impedance model based on the optical nanoantenna theory to understand how further tuning of the emission properties is achieved through precise engineering of the slot. This research thus heralds the potential of applying plasmonic quasi-BICs in designing ultra-narrowband, temperature-stable thermal emitters in the mid-infrared. Moreover, such a concept may be adaptable to other frequency ranges, such as near-infrared, terahertz, and gigahertz.
{"title":"Single-peak and narrow-band mid-infrared thermal emitters driven by mirror-coupled plasmonic quasi-BIC metasurfaces","authors":"Sen Yang, Mingze He, Chuchuan Hong, Josh Nordlander, Jon-Paul Maria, Joshua D. Caldwell, and Justus C. Ndukaife","doi":"10.1364/optica.514203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/optica.514203","url":null,"abstract":"Wavelength-selective thermal emitters (WS-EMs) hold considerable appeal due to the scarcity of cost-effective, narrow-band sources in the mid-to-long-wave infrared spectrum. WS-EMs achieved via dielectric materials typically exhibit thermal emission peaks with high quality factors (<span><span>{Q}</span><script type=\"math/tex\">{Q}</script></span> factors), but their optical responses are prone to temperature fluctuations. Metallic EMs, on the other hand, show negligible drifts with temperature changes, but their <span><span>{Q}</span><script type=\"math/tex\">{Q}</script></span> factors usually hover around 10. In this study, we introduce and experimentally verify an EM grounded in plasmonic quasi-bound states in the continuum (BICs) within a mirror-coupled system. Our design numerically delivers an ultra-narrowband single peak with a <span><span>{Q}</span><script type=\"math/tex\">{Q}</script></span> factor of approximately 64 and near-unity absorptance that can be freely tuned within an expansive band of more than 10 µm. By introducing air slots symmetrically, the <span><span>{Q}</span><script type=\"math/tex\">{Q}</script></span> factor can be further augmented to around 100. Multipolar analysis and phase diagrams are presented to elucidate the operational principle. Importantly, our infrared spectral measurements affirm the remarkable resilience of our designs’ resonance frequency in the face of temperature fluctuations over 300°C. Additionally, we develop an effective impedance model based on the optical nanoantenna theory to understand how further tuning of the emission properties is achieved through precise engineering of the slot. This research thus heralds the potential of applying plasmonic quasi-BICs in designing ultra-narrowband, temperature-stable thermal emitters in the mid-infrared. Moreover, such a concept may be adaptable to other frequency ranges, such as near-infrared, terahertz, and gigahertz.","PeriodicalId":19515,"journal":{"name":"Optica","volume":"2015 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139968959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tengfei Wu, Marc Guillon, Gilles Tessier, and Pascal Berto
In astronomy or biological imaging, refractive index inhomogeneities of, e.g., atmosphere or tissues, induce optical aberrations that degrade the desired information hidden behind the medium. A standard approach consists of measuring these aberrations with a wavefront sensor (e.g., Shack–Hartmann) located in the pupil plane, and compensating for them either digitally or by adaptive optics with a wavefront shaper. However, in its usual implementation this strategy can only extract aberrations within a single isoplanatic patch, i.e., a region where the aberrations remain correlated. This limitation severely reduces the effective field-of-view in which the correction can be performed. Here, we propose a wavefront sensing method capable of measuring, in a single shot, various pupil aberrations corresponding to multiple isoplanatic patches. The method, based on a thin diffuser (i.e., a random phase mask), exploits the dissimilarity between different speckle regions to multiplex several wavefronts incoming from various incidence angles. We present proof-of-concept experiments carried out in widefield fluorescence microscopy. A digital deconvolution procedure in each isoplanatic patch yields accurate aberration correction within an extended field-of-view. This approach is of interest for adaptive optics applications as well as diffractive optical tomography.
{"title":"Multiplexed wavefront sensing with a thin diffuser","authors":"Tengfei Wu, Marc Guillon, Gilles Tessier, and Pascal Berto","doi":"10.1364/optica.500780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/optica.500780","url":null,"abstract":"In astronomy or biological imaging, refractive index inhomogeneities of, e.g., atmosphere or tissues, induce optical aberrations that degrade the desired information hidden behind the medium. A standard approach consists of measuring these aberrations with a wavefront sensor (e.g., Shack–Hartmann) located in the pupil plane, and compensating for them either digitally or by adaptive optics with a wavefront shaper. However, in its usual implementation this strategy can only extract aberrations within a single isoplanatic patch, i.e., a region where the aberrations remain correlated. This limitation severely reduces the effective field-of-view in which the correction can be performed. Here, we propose a wavefront sensing method capable of measuring, in a single shot, various pupil aberrations corresponding to multiple isoplanatic patches. The method, based on a thin diffuser (i.e., a random phase mask), exploits the dissimilarity between different speckle regions to multiplex several wavefronts incoming from various incidence angles. We present proof-of-concept experiments carried out in widefield fluorescence microscopy. A digital deconvolution procedure in each isoplanatic patch yields accurate aberration correction within an extended field-of-view. This approach is of interest for adaptive optics applications as well as diffractive optical tomography.","PeriodicalId":19515,"journal":{"name":"Optica","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139750280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bichen Zhang, Pai Peng, Aditya Paul, and Jeff D. Thompson
Scalable classical controllers are a key component of future fault-tolerant quantum computers. Neutral atom quantum computers leverage commercially available optoelectronic devices for generating large-scale tweezer arrays and performing parallel readout, but implementing massively parallel, locally addressed gate operations is an open challenge. In this work, we demonstrate an optical modulator system based on off-the-shelf components, which can generate a two-dimensional array of over 10,000 focused spots with uniform frequency and amplitude, and switching them on and off individually in arbitrary configurations at rates of up to 43 kHz. Through careful control of aberrations, the modulator achieves an extinction ratio of 46 dB, and nearest-neighbor crosstalk of −44dB with a beam spacing of 4.6 waists. The underlying components can operate at wavelengths from the UV to the NIR, and sustain high laser intensities. This approach is suitable for local addressing of gates with low cross-talk error rates in any optically addressed qubit platform, including neutral atoms, trapped ions, or solid-state atomic defects.
{"title":"Scaled local gate controller for optically addressed qubits","authors":"Bichen Zhang, Pai Peng, Aditya Paul, and Jeff D. Thompson","doi":"10.1364/optica.512155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/optica.512155","url":null,"abstract":"Scalable classical controllers are a key component of future fault-tolerant quantum computers. Neutral atom quantum computers leverage commercially available optoelectronic devices for generating large-scale tweezer arrays and performing parallel readout, but implementing massively parallel, locally addressed gate operations is an open challenge. In this work, we demonstrate an optical modulator system based on off-the-shelf components, which can generate a two-dimensional array of over 10,000 focused spots with uniform frequency and amplitude, and switching them on and off individually in arbitrary configurations at rates of up to 43 kHz. Through careful control of aberrations, the modulator achieves an extinction ratio of 46 dB, and nearest-neighbor crosstalk of <span><span style=\"color: inherit;\"><span><span><span style=\"margin-left: 0.267em; margin-right: 0.267em;\">−</span></span><span><span><span>44</span></span></span><span style=\"width: 0.278em; height: 0em;\"></span><span><span><span>d</span><span>B</span></span></span></span></span><script type=\"math/tex\">{-}{{44}};{rm{dB}}</script></span> with a beam spacing of 4.6 waists. The underlying components can operate at wavelengths from the UV to the NIR, and sustain high laser intensities. This approach is suitable for local addressing of gates with low cross-talk error rates in any optically addressed qubit platform, including neutral atoms, trapped ions, or solid-state atomic defects.","PeriodicalId":19515,"journal":{"name":"Optica","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139720340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lars Pause, Lukas Sturm, Marcel Mittenbühler, Stephan Amann, Tilman Preuschoff, Dominik Schäffner, Malte Schlosser, and Gerhard Birkl
We report on the realization of a large-scale quantum-processing architecture surpassing the tier of 1000 atomic qubits. By tiling multiple microlens-generated tweezer arrays, each operated by an independent laser source, we can eliminate laser-power limitations in the number of allocatable qubits. Already with two separate arrays, we implement combined 2D configurations of 3000 qubit sites with a mean number of 1167(46) single-atom quantum systems. The transfer of atoms between the two arrays is achieved with high efficiency. Thus, supercharging one array designated as the quantum processing unit with atoms from the secondary array significantly increases the number of qubits and the initial filling fraction. This drastically enlarges attainable qubit cluster sizes and success probabilities allowing us to demonstrate the defect-free assembly of clusters of up to 441 qubits with persistent stabilization at a near-unity filling fraction over tens of detection cycles. The presented method substantiates neutral atom quantum information science by facilitating configurable geometries of highly scalable quantum registers with immediate application in Rydberg-state-mediated quantum simulation, fault-tolerant universal quantum computation, quantum sensing, and quantum metrology.
{"title":"Supercharged two-dimensional tweezer array with more than 1000 atomic qubits","authors":"Lars Pause, Lukas Sturm, Marcel Mittenbühler, Stephan Amann, Tilman Preuschoff, Dominik Schäffner, Malte Schlosser, and Gerhard Birkl","doi":"10.1364/optica.513551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/optica.513551","url":null,"abstract":"We report on the realization of a large-scale quantum-processing architecture surpassing the tier of 1000 atomic qubits. By tiling multiple microlens-generated tweezer arrays, each operated by an independent laser source, we can eliminate laser-power limitations in the number of allocatable qubits. Already with two separate arrays, we implement combined 2D configurations of 3000 qubit sites with a mean number of 1167(46) single-atom quantum systems. The transfer of atoms between the two arrays is achieved with high efficiency. Thus, supercharging one array designated as the quantum processing unit with atoms from the secondary array significantly increases the number of qubits and the initial filling fraction. This drastically enlarges attainable qubit cluster sizes and success probabilities allowing us to demonstrate the defect-free assembly of clusters of up to 441 qubits with persistent stabilization at a near-unity filling fraction over tens of detection cycles. The presented method substantiates neutral atom quantum information science by facilitating configurable geometries of highly scalable quantum registers with immediate application in Rydberg-state-mediated quantum simulation, fault-tolerant universal quantum computation, quantum sensing, and quantum metrology.","PeriodicalId":19515,"journal":{"name":"Optica","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139710833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. S. Jørgensen, L. Besley, A. M. Slyamov, A. Diaz, M. Guizar-Sicairos, M. Odstrčil, M. Holler, C. Silvestre, B. Chang, C. Detlefs, and J. W. Andreasen
The morphology and distribution of nanoscale structures, such as catalytic active nanoparticles and quantum dots on surfaces, have a significant impact on their function. Thus, the capability of monitoring these properties during manufacturing and operation is crucial for the development of devices that rely on such materials. We demonstrate a technique that allows highly surface-sensitive imaging of nanostructures on planar surfaces over large areas. The capabilities of hard x-ray grazing-incidence ptychography combine aspects from imaging, reflectometry, and grazing-incidence small angle scattering in providing images that cover a large field of view along the beam direction while providing high surface sensitivity. For homogeneous samples, it yields a surface profile sensitivity better than 1 nm normal to the surface, with a poorer resolution in the sample surface plane, (i.e., along the beam and transverse to the beam). Like other surface scattering methods, this technique facilitates the characterization of nanostructures across statistically significant surface areas or volumes but with additional spatial information. In this work, we present a reconstructed test object spanning 4.5mm×20µm with 20 nm high topology.
催化活性纳米粒子和量子点等表面纳米级结构的形态和分布对其功能有重大影响。因此，在制造和运行过程中监测这些特性的能力对于开发依赖于此类材料的设备至关重要。我们展示了一种可对平面上的纳米结构进行大面积高表面灵敏成像的技术。硬 X 射线掠入射层析成像的功能结合了成像、反射测量和掠入射小角散射等方面，可提供沿光束方向覆盖大视场的图像，同时提供高表面灵敏度。对于均质样品，其表面轮廓灵敏度优于表面法线 1 nm，而样品表面平面（即光束沿线和光束横向）的分辨率较低。与其他表面散射方法一样，该技术有助于表征具有统计意义的表面区域或体积上的纳米结构，同时还能提供额外的空间信息。在这项工作中，我们展示了一个跨度为4.5mm×20µm4.5rm mm/times 20,{unicode{x00B5}}rm m、拓扑结构高达20纳米的重构测试对象。
{"title":"Hard x-ray grazing-incidence ptychography: large field-of-view nanostructure imaging with ultra-high surface sensitivity","authors":"P. S. Jørgensen, L. Besley, A. M. Slyamov, A. Diaz, M. Guizar-Sicairos, M. Odstrčil, M. Holler, C. Silvestre, B. Chang, C. Detlefs, and J. W. Andreasen","doi":"10.1364/optica.505478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/optica.505478","url":null,"abstract":"The morphology and distribution of nanoscale structures, such as catalytic active nanoparticles and quantum dots on surfaces, have a significant impact on their function. Thus, the capability of monitoring these properties during manufacturing and operation is crucial for the development of devices that rely on such materials. We demonstrate a technique that allows highly surface-sensitive imaging of nanostructures on planar surfaces over large areas. The capabilities of hard x-ray grazing-incidence ptychography combine aspects from imaging, reflectometry, and grazing-incidence small angle scattering in providing images that cover a large field of view along the beam direction while providing high surface sensitivity. For homogeneous samples, it yields a surface profile sensitivity better than 1 nm normal to the surface, with a poorer resolution in the sample surface plane, (i.e., along the beam and transverse to the beam). Like other surface scattering methods, this technique facilitates the characterization of nanostructures across statistically significant surface areas or volumes but with additional spatial information. In this work, we present a reconstructed test object spanning <span><span style=\"color: inherit;\"><span><span>4.5</span><span style=\"width: 0.167em; height: 0em;\"></span><span style=\"width: 0.167em; height: 0em;\"></span><span>m</span><span>m</span><span style=\"margin-left: 0.267em; margin-right: 0.267em;\">×</span><span>20</span><span style=\"width: 0.167em; height: 0em;\"></span><span style=\"width: 0.167em; height: 0em;\"></span><span><span>µ</span></span><span>m</span></span></span><script type=\"math/tex\">4.5,,rm mmtimes 20,, {unicode{x00B5}}rm m</script></span> with 20 nm high topology.","PeriodicalId":19515,"journal":{"name":"Optica","volume":"305 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139688474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Liang Zhang, Chaohan Cui, Pao-Kang Chen, and Linran Fan
Acousto-optic modulation in piezoelectric materials offers the efficient method to bridge electrical and optical signals. It is widely used to control optical frequencies and intensities in modern optical systems including Q-switch lasers, ion traps, and optical tweezers. It is also critical for emerging applications such as quantum photonics and non-reciprocal optics. Acousto-optic devices have recently been demonstrated with promising performance on integrated platforms. However, the conversion efficiency of optical signals remains low in these integrated devices. This is attributed to the significant challenge in realizing large mode overlap, long interaction length, and high power robustness at the same time. Here, we develop acousto-optic devices with gallium nitride on a sapphire substrate. The unique capability to confine both optical and acoustic fields in sub-wavelength scales without suspended structures allows efficient acousto-optic interactions over long distances under high driving power. This leads to the complete optical conversion with integrated acousto-optic modulators. With the unidirectional phase matching, we also demonstrate the non-reciprocal propagation of optical fields with isolation ratios above 10 dB. This work provides a robust and efficient acousto-optic platform, opening new opportunities for optical signal processing, quantum transduction, and non-magnetic optical isolation.
压电材料中的声光调制提供了桥接电信号和光信号的有效方法。它被广泛用于控制现代光学系统（包括 QQ 开关激光器、离子阱和光学镊子）中的光学频率和强度。它对于量子光子学和非互易光学等新兴应用也至关重要。声光器件最近已在集成平台上展示出良好的性能。然而，这些集成器件的光信号转换效率仍然很低。这是由于同时实现大模式重叠、长交互长度和高功率鲁棒性所面临的巨大挑战。在此，我们在蓝宝石衬底上开发了氮化镓声光器件。在没有悬浮结构的情况下将光场和声场限制在亚波长尺度的独特能力，使声光器件能够在高驱动功率下进行长距离高效互动。这就实现了集成声光调制器的完全光学转换。通过单向相位匹配，我们还展示了隔离比超过 10 dB 的光场非互惠传播。这项工作提供了一个强大而高效的声光平台，为光信号处理、量子传导和非磁性光学隔离带来了新的机遇。
{"title":"Integrated-waveguide-based acousto-optic modulation with complete optical conversion","authors":"Liang Zhang, Chaohan Cui, Pao-Kang Chen, and Linran Fan","doi":"10.1364/optica.488271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/optica.488271","url":null,"abstract":"Acousto-optic modulation in piezoelectric materials offers the efficient method to bridge electrical and optical signals. It is widely used to control optical frequencies and intensities in modern optical systems including <span><span style=\"color: inherit;\"><span><span>Q</span></span></span><script type=\"math/tex\">Q</script></span>-switch lasers, ion traps, and optical tweezers. It is also critical for emerging applications such as quantum photonics and non-reciprocal optics. Acousto-optic devices have recently been demonstrated with promising performance on integrated platforms. However, the conversion efficiency of optical signals remains low in these integrated devices. This is attributed to the significant challenge in realizing large mode overlap, long interaction length, and high power robustness at the same time. Here, we develop acousto-optic devices with gallium nitride on a sapphire substrate. The unique capability to confine both optical and acoustic fields in sub-wavelength scales without suspended structures allows efficient acousto-optic interactions over long distances under high driving power. This leads to the complete optical conversion with integrated acousto-optic modulators. With the unidirectional phase matching, we also demonstrate the non-reciprocal propagation of optical fields with isolation ratios above 10 dB. This work provides a robust and efficient acousto-optic platform, opening new opportunities for optical signal processing, quantum transduction, and non-magnetic optical isolation.","PeriodicalId":19515,"journal":{"name":"Optica","volume":"290 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139655712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eduardo B. Molinero, Anushree Datta, M. J. Calderón, E. Bascones, and Rui E. F. Silva
If we stack up two layers of graphene while changing their respective orientation by some twisting angle, we end up with a strikingly different system when compared to single-layer graphene. For a very specific value of this twist angle, known as magic angle, twisted bilayer graphene displays a unique phase diagram that cannot be found in other systems. Recently, high-harmonic generation spectroscopy has been successfully applied to elucidate the electronic properties of quantum materials. The purpose of the present work is to exploit the nonlinear optical response of magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene to unveil its electronic properties. We show that the band structure of magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene is imprinted onto its high-harmonic spectrum. Specifically, we observe a drastic decrease of harmonic signal as we approach the magic angle. Our results show that high-harmonic generation can be used as a spectroscopy tool for measuring the twist angle and also the electronic properties of twisted bilayer graphene, paving the way for an all-optical characterization of moiré materials.
{"title":"High-harmonic generation with a twist: all-optical characterization of magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene","authors":"Eduardo B. Molinero, Anushree Datta, M. J. Calderón, E. Bascones, and Rui E. F. Silva","doi":"10.1364/optica.510789","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/optica.510789","url":null,"abstract":"If we stack up two layers of graphene while changing their respective orientation by some twisting angle, we end up with a strikingly different system when compared to single-layer graphene. For a very specific value of this twist angle, known as <i>magic angle</i>, twisted bilayer graphene displays a unique phase diagram that cannot be found in other systems. Recently, high-harmonic generation spectroscopy has been successfully applied to elucidate the electronic properties of quantum materials. The purpose of the present work is to exploit the nonlinear optical response of magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene to unveil its electronic properties. We show that the band structure of magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene is imprinted onto its high-harmonic spectrum. Specifically, we observe a drastic decrease of harmonic signal as we approach the magic angle. Our results show that high-harmonic generation can be used as a spectroscopy tool for measuring the twist angle and also the electronic properties of twisted bilayer graphene, paving the way for an all-optical characterization of moiré materials.","PeriodicalId":19515,"journal":{"name":"Optica","volume":"100 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139655710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xueji Wang, Ziyi Yang, Fanglin Bao, Tyler Sentz, and Zubin Jacob
Spectro-polarimetric imaging in the long-wave infrared (LWIR) region plays a crucial role in applications from night vision and machine perception to trace gas sensing and thermography. However, the current generation of spectro-polarimetric LWIR imagers suffers from limitations in size, spectral resolution, and field of view (FOV). While meta-optics-based strategies for spectro-polarimetric imaging have been explored in the visible spectrum, their potential for thermal imaging remains largely unexplored. In this work, we introduce an approach for spectro-polarimetric decomposition by combining large-area stacked meta-optical devices with advanced computational imaging algorithms. The co-design of a stack of spinning dispersive metasurfaces along with compressive sensing and dictionary learning algorithms allows simultaneous spectral and polarimetric resolution without the need for bulky filter wheels or interferometers. Our spinning-metasurface-based spectro-polarimetric stack is compact (<10×10×10cm) and robust, and it offers a wide field of view (20.5°). We show that the spectral resolving power of our system substantially enhances performance in machine learning tasks such as material classification, a challenge for conventional panchromatic thermal cameras. Our approach represents a significant advance in the field of thermal imaging for a wide range of applications including heat-assisted detection and ranging (HADAR).
长波红外（LWIR）区域的光谱偏振成像在夜视、机器感知、痕量气体传感和热成像等应用中发挥着至关重要的作用。然而，目前的光谱极坐标长波红外成像仪在尺寸、光谱分辨率和视场（FOV）方面受到限制。虽然基于元光学的光谱极坐标成像策略已在可见光谱中得到探索，但其在热成像方面的潜力在很大程度上仍未得到开发。在这项工作中，我们介绍了一种通过将大面积堆叠元光学器件与先进的计算成像算法相结合来进行光谱极坐标分解的方法。通过将旋转色散元表面堆叠与压缩传感和字典学习算法共同设计，可同时实现光谱和偏振分辨率，而无需使用笨重的滤光轮或干涉仪。我们基于旋转介质面的光谱-偏振堆栈结构紧凑（<10×10×10cm{lt};{10} times {10} times {10};{rm cm}）、坚固耐用，而且视场宽广（20.5°）。我们的研究表明，我们系统的光谱分辨能力大大提高了材料分类等机器学习任务的性能，这是传统全色红外热像仪所面临的挑战。我们的方法代表了热成像领域的一大进步，适用于包括热辅助探测和测距（HADAR）在内的广泛应用。
{"title":"Spinning metasurface stack for spectro-polarimetric thermal imaging","authors":"Xueji Wang, Ziyi Yang, Fanglin Bao, Tyler Sentz, and Zubin Jacob","doi":"10.1364/optica.506813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/optica.506813","url":null,"abstract":"Spectro-polarimetric imaging in the long-wave infrared (LWIR) region plays a crucial role in applications from night vision and machine perception to trace gas sensing and thermography. However, the current generation of spectro-polarimetric LWIR imagers suffers from limitations in size, spectral resolution, and field of view (FOV). While meta-optics-based strategies for spectro-polarimetric imaging have been explored in the visible spectrum, their potential for thermal imaging remains largely unexplored. In this work, we introduce an approach for spectro-polarimetric decomposition by combining large-area stacked meta-optical devices with advanced computational imaging algorithms. The co-design of a stack of spinning dispersive metasurfaces along with compressive sensing and dictionary learning algorithms allows simultaneous spectral and polarimetric resolution without the need for bulky filter wheels or interferometers. Our spinning-metasurface-based spectro-polarimetric stack is compact (<span><span style=\"color: inherit;\"><span><span><span style=\"margin-left: 0.333em; margin-right: 0.333em;\"><</span></span><span style=\"width: 0.278em; height: 0em;\"></span><span><span>10</span></span><span style=\"margin-left: 0.267em; margin-right: 0.267em;\">×</span><span><span>10</span></span><span style=\"margin-left: 0.267em; margin-right: 0.267em;\">×</span><span><span>10</span></span><span style=\"width: 0.278em; height: 0em;\"></span><span><span>c</span><span>m</span></span></span></span><script type=\"math/tex\">{lt};{10} times {10} times {10};{rm cm}</script></span>) and robust, and it offers a wide field of view (20.5°). We show that the spectral resolving power of our system substantially enhances performance in machine learning tasks such as material classification, a challenge for conventional panchromatic thermal cameras. Our approach represents a significant advance in the field of thermal imaging for a wide range of applications including heat-assisted detection and ranging (HADAR).","PeriodicalId":19515,"journal":{"name":"Optica","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139468516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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