Pub Date : 2001-09-01DOI: 10.1016/S0950-6098(01)00067-1
J. Ricciardone
{"title":"OPTIMISING LIFE OF MINE PRODUCTION SCHEDULES IN MULTIPLE OPEN PIT MINING OPERATIONS: A STUDY OF EFFECTS OF PRODUCTION CONSTRAINTS ON NPV","authors":"J. Ricciardone","doi":"10.1016/S0950-6098(01)00067-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0950-6098(01)00067-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":195550,"journal":{"name":"Mineral Resources Engineering","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127892389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-06-01DOI: 10.1142/S0950609801000646
Yaodong Jiang
{"title":"29th INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON APPLICATION OF COMPUTERS IN THE MINERAL INDUSTRIES, APCOM2001","authors":"Yaodong Jiang","doi":"10.1142/S0950609801000646","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S0950609801000646","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":195550,"journal":{"name":"Mineral Resources Engineering","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131355996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-06-01DOI: 10.1142/S0950609801000622
A. Kahriman
Environmental problems arising from ground vibration and air blast have been faced and discussed in various industries such as mining, construction, quarry, pipe line etc. where blasting is unavoidable and the solution methods have been sought in order to make the problems as small as possible. With increasing environmental constraints on the levels of disturbance induced by blasting operations nearby residents, there is a growing need to be able to design in cautious blasting with greater precision. Therefore, the determination of maximum amount of explosive per delay for a certain distance especially in large blasts is of great importance for the minimisation of these environmental problems, as well as the estimation of particle velocity. This paper presents the result of ground vibration measurements induced by bench blasting performed during excavation activity for construction of an organised industrial region located close to Istanbul. Within the scope of this study, in order to predict peak particle velocity level for this site that granite encountered as major rock unit, bench blasting operations were carried out and ground vibration components were measured for all blasting events. During the study 149 ground vibration data with varying blast design and charging pattern were generated. At the end of a statistical analysis of 149 data sets, an empirical relationship between peak particle velocity and scaled distance, which gives the 50% line and the upper bound 95% prediction limit, was established with reasonable correlation coefficient and suggested to evaluate the vibration impact both past term and future blasting operations for the current site.
{"title":"PREDICTION OF PARTICLE VELOCITY CAUSED BY BLASTING FOR AN INFRASTRUCTURE EXCAVATION COVERING GRANITE BEDROCK","authors":"A. Kahriman","doi":"10.1142/S0950609801000622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S0950609801000622","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental problems arising from ground vibration and air blast have been faced and discussed in various industries such as mining, construction, quarry, pipe line etc. where blasting is unavoidable and the solution methods have been sought in order to make the problems as small as possible. With increasing environmental constraints on the levels of disturbance induced by blasting operations nearby residents, there is a growing need to be able to design in cautious blasting with greater precision. Therefore, the determination of maximum amount of explosive per delay for a certain distance especially in large blasts is of great importance for the minimisation of these environmental problems, as well as the estimation of particle velocity. This paper presents the result of ground vibration measurements induced by bench blasting performed during excavation activity for construction of an organised industrial region located close to Istanbul. Within the scope of this study, in order to predict peak particle velocity level for this site that granite encountered as major rock unit, bench blasting operations were carried out and ground vibration components were measured for all blasting events. During the study 149 ground vibration data with varying blast design and charging pattern were generated. At the end of a statistical analysis of 149 data sets, an empirical relationship between peak particle velocity and scaled distance, which gives the 50% line and the upper bound 95% prediction limit, was established with reasonable correlation coefficient and suggested to evaluate the vibration impact both past term and future blasting operations for the current site.","PeriodicalId":195550,"journal":{"name":"Mineral Resources Engineering","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123878447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-06-01DOI: 10.1142/S0950609801000609
S. Frimpong, Eric Asa, R. Suglo
Surface mine production systems involve complex, multi-faceted and costly sequence of processes that must be planned, designed and evaluated to promote well-conditioned decision processes. Strategic and tactical mine plans are used to provide a long-term production vision and the resource requirements for meeting specific periodic mine and plant capacities. The schedule and sequence of material movement must respond quickly to changing technical, safety and economic constraints within the surface mining environment. Many production planning, scheduling and resource allocation methods are based on simplistic methodologies without rigorous technical and economic basis. These methods fail to consider the random processes governing critical production variables. With increasing demand for efficient schedules for low-cost bulk production requirements, the need for efficient tools is critical. In this study, the authors develop an innovative pit shell simulator to address these problems. Rigorous geometric formulations of the ellipsoidal approximations of the pit shells geometry, their planar expansions and vertical interactions are modeled to mimic material displacement dynamics in an open pit operation. Numerical simulation techniques are used to provide solutions to the time-dependent geometric models in random multivariate states. The pit shell simulator is used to solve the Pine Valley open pit mine production schedule for the first three years of production. The simulator provides the schedule and sequence of all the cuts from various quadrants in the four pit shells within the optimised pit layout. The simulator results show that, in order to maximize the mine value, the mine must produce 304,000, 180,000 and 140,000 tonnes of ore respectively for years 1, 2 and 3. The total materials within this period also include 72,000, 80,000 and 190,000 tonnes of stockpiles and 30,000, 80,000 and 30,000 tonnes of waste materials respectively for years 1, 2 and 3. This results in a maximum NPV of $27,000 at a discount rate of 12 percent over the 3-year duration.
{"title":"NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF SURFACE MINE PRODUCTION SYSTEM USING PIT SHELL SIMULATOR","authors":"S. Frimpong, Eric Asa, R. Suglo","doi":"10.1142/S0950609801000609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S0950609801000609","url":null,"abstract":"Surface mine production systems involve complex, multi-faceted and costly sequence of processes that must be planned, designed and evaluated to promote well-conditioned decision processes. Strategic and tactical mine plans are used to provide a long-term production vision and the resource requirements for meeting specific periodic mine and plant capacities. The schedule and sequence of material movement must respond quickly to changing technical, safety and economic constraints within the surface mining environment. Many production planning, scheduling and resource allocation methods are based on simplistic methodologies without rigorous technical and economic basis. These methods fail to consider the random processes governing critical production variables. With increasing demand for efficient schedules for low-cost bulk production requirements, the need for efficient tools is critical. In this study, the authors develop an innovative pit shell simulator to address these problems. Rigorous geometric formulations of the ellipsoidal approximations of the pit shells geometry, their planar expansions and vertical interactions are modeled to mimic material displacement dynamics in an open pit operation. Numerical simulation techniques are used to provide solutions to the time-dependent geometric models in random multivariate states. The pit shell simulator is used to solve the Pine Valley open pit mine production schedule for the first three years of production. The simulator provides the schedule and sequence of all the cuts from various quadrants in the four pit shells within the optimised pit layout. The simulator results show that, in order to maximize the mine value, the mine must produce 304,000, 180,000 and 140,000 tonnes of ore respectively for years 1, 2 and 3. The total materials within this period also include 72,000, 80,000 and 190,000 tonnes of stockpiles and 30,000, 80,000 and 30,000 tonnes of waste materials respectively for years 1, 2 and 3. This results in a maximum NPV of $27,000 at a discount rate of 12 percent over the 3-year duration.","PeriodicalId":195550,"journal":{"name":"Mineral Resources Engineering","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125284357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-06-01DOI: 10.1142/S0950609801000580
M. Bhattacharyya, P. Singh, R. Singh
A study into the toxic fumes generation by C–H–N–O explosives was undertaken in a cylindrical steel chamber in the laboratory. A single component explosive, PETN and two composite commercial explosives of permitted group P5 belonging to both NG-based and slurry type, were studied under four different confinement conditions. Instrumental analysis of carbon monoxide (CO) and oxides of nitrogen (NOx), major toxic components in the post detonation products were carried out. Subsequent data analysis by applying statistical methods led to the development of an ideal method under which detonating explosives generate least fumes and another method, providing the worst detonating condition for the explosives producing maximum fumes, suitable for assessment of toxic fume level in the laboratory.
{"title":"Laboratory Methodology for Assessment of Toxic Fumes in Post Detonation Gases from Explosives","authors":"M. Bhattacharyya, P. Singh, R. Singh","doi":"10.1142/S0950609801000580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S0950609801000580","url":null,"abstract":"A study into the toxic fumes generation by C–H–N–O explosives was undertaken in a cylindrical steel chamber in the laboratory. A single component explosive, PETN and two composite commercial explosives of permitted group P5 belonging to both NG-based and slurry type, were studied under four different confinement conditions. Instrumental analysis of carbon monoxide (CO) and oxides of nitrogen (NOx), major toxic components in the post detonation products were carried out. Subsequent data analysis by applying statistical methods led to the development of an ideal method under which detonating explosives generate least fumes and another method, providing the worst detonating condition for the explosives producing maximum fumes, suitable for assessment of toxic fume level in the laboratory.","PeriodicalId":195550,"journal":{"name":"Mineral Resources Engineering","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123814035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-06-01DOI: 10.1142/S0950609801000610
B. Samanta, B. Sarkar, S. K. Mukherjee
Performance of a mining machine depends on reliability of the equipment used and other factors. Now the machine reliability is not only considered to be a major performance barometer but also an integral part of an engineering design. So machine reliability study is necessary for equipment design and modification. In this paper, shovel machine has been divided into six subsystems. Trend test and serial correlation test have been done for three shovel and their subsystems from failure data. The parameters of three idealised probability distributions, namely exponential, lognormal, Weibull distribution have been estimated. An investigation has also been made to determine which of these distributions do best fit for characterising failure pattern of shovels and their subsystems. Reliability of a shovel and its subsystems have been estimated at different mission time with taking their best fit distribution. Non-independently and identically distributed (non-iid) data set have been treated by power law process. Some aspects of failure behaviour of machine are analysed briefly for ongoing machine improvement.
{"title":"RELIABILITY ANALYSIS OF SHOVEL MACHINES USED IN AN OPEN CAST COAL MINE","authors":"B. Samanta, B. Sarkar, S. K. Mukherjee","doi":"10.1142/S0950609801000610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S0950609801000610","url":null,"abstract":"Performance of a mining machine depends on reliability of the equipment used and other factors. Now the machine reliability is not only considered to be a major performance barometer but also an integral part of an engineering design. So machine reliability study is necessary for equipment design and modification. In this paper, shovel machine has been divided into six subsystems. Trend test and serial correlation test have been done for three shovel and their subsystems from failure data. The parameters of three idealised probability distributions, namely exponential, lognormal, Weibull distribution have been estimated. An investigation has also been made to determine which of these distributions do best fit for characterising failure pattern of shovels and their subsystems. Reliability of a shovel and its subsystems have been estimated at different mission time with taking their best fit distribution. Non-independently and identically distributed (non-iid) data set have been treated by power law process. Some aspects of failure behaviour of machine are analysed briefly for ongoing machine improvement.","PeriodicalId":195550,"journal":{"name":"Mineral Resources Engineering","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115238718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-03-01DOI: 10.1142/S0950609801000415
R. Aston
{"title":"MINING AND \"ENVIROMINING\" LAW SECTION: FOREWORD BY THE MINING LAW EDITOR","authors":"R. Aston","doi":"10.1142/S0950609801000415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S0950609801000415","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":195550,"journal":{"name":"Mineral Resources Engineering","volume":"2006 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128832009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-03-01DOI: 10.1142/S0950609801000452
E. Baliktsis, D. Kaliampakos, D. Damigos
Human response to blast vibrations is an important problem for mine and construction managers. On many occasions, people residing in the vicinity of a blasting operation become so annoyed that they resort to drastic means in order to halt the project, especially when it lasts for a long time. Hence, a vibration control study, performed in mines, quarries or other construction activities, should provide an answer to the following basic question: "What is the allowable limit of peak particle velocity (PPV) caused by blasting in the area?". In many projects located in urban areas the vibration thresholds should be based more on human response than on the probability of structural damage or harmful effects. The human response, however, depends on several natural factors and population characteristics unrelated to the vibration intensity and frequency. A set of the most important factors affecting human behaviour towards blasting events, deduced from several case studies, is presented in this paper. These factors should be taken into consideration when determining the specific vibration level for a particular project.
{"title":"BLASTING VIBRATION LIMITS TO PREVENT HUMAN ANNOYANCE REMARKS FROM SOME CASE STUDIES","authors":"E. Baliktsis, D. Kaliampakos, D. Damigos","doi":"10.1142/S0950609801000452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S0950609801000452","url":null,"abstract":"Human response to blast vibrations is an important problem for mine and construction managers. On many occasions, people residing in the vicinity of a blasting operation become so annoyed that they resort to drastic means in order to halt the project, especially when it lasts for a long time. Hence, a vibration control study, performed in mines, quarries or other construction activities, should provide an answer to the following basic question: \"What is the allowable limit of peak particle velocity (PPV) caused by blasting in the area?\". In many projects located in urban areas the vibration thresholds should be based more on human response than on the probability of structural damage or harmful effects. The human response, however, depends on several natural factors and population characteristics unrelated to the vibration intensity and frequency. A set of the most important factors affecting human behaviour towards blasting events, deduced from several case studies, is presented in this paper. These factors should be taken into consideration when determining the specific vibration level for a particular project.","PeriodicalId":195550,"journal":{"name":"Mineral Resources Engineering","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124113475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-03-01DOI: 10.1142/S0950609801000464
B. Samanta, A. Bhattacherjee
An application of the Shewhart control charts for quality monitoring and control requires an assumption that observations are independent and normally distributed. An assumption of independence of quality related data in mining operations is questionable, as autocorrelation amongst the observations becomes an inherent characteristic in mineral deposits where ore grades are spatially distributed. This phenomenon led to an examination of other types of control charts namely modified Shewhart chart, special cause control chart, and common cause control chart to capture the autocorrelation among observations while constructing control charts. An investigation of these charts was conducted in an iron ore mine and the behaviour of the charts was studied on three quality characteristics namely, Fe%, SiO2% and Al2O3%. The results suggest that the serial correlation of the observations has substantial effect on the performance of the conventional Shewhart chart. The effectiveness of the control charts was compared using the sliding simulation approach. It was revealed that the modified Shewhart chart and the special cause control chart provided a higher probability of coverage than the conventional Shewhart chart. Therefore, it was inferred that the conventional Shewhart chart generated false alarm of out of control situation, which in turn revealed that the modified Shewhart chart and special cause control chart are more appropriate in a correlated environment. For the case study mine, it was also revealed that the modified Shewhart chart and special cause control chart behaved in a similar way.
{"title":"AN INVESTIGATION OF QUALITY CONTROL CHARTS FOR AUTOCORRELATED DATA","authors":"B. Samanta, A. Bhattacherjee","doi":"10.1142/S0950609801000464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S0950609801000464","url":null,"abstract":"An application of the Shewhart control charts for quality monitoring and control requires an assumption that observations are independent and normally distributed. An assumption of independence of quality related data in mining operations is questionable, as autocorrelation amongst the observations becomes an inherent characteristic in mineral deposits where ore grades are spatially distributed. This phenomenon led to an examination of other types of control charts namely modified Shewhart chart, special cause control chart, and common cause control chart to capture the autocorrelation among observations while constructing control charts. An investigation of these charts was conducted in an iron ore mine and the behaviour of the charts was studied on three quality characteristics namely, Fe%, SiO2% and Al2O3%. The results suggest that the serial correlation of the observations has substantial effect on the performance of the conventional Shewhart chart. The effectiveness of the control charts was compared using the sliding simulation approach. It was revealed that the modified Shewhart chart and the special cause control chart provided a higher probability of coverage than the conventional Shewhart chart. Therefore, it was inferred that the conventional Shewhart chart generated false alarm of out of control situation, which in turn revealed that the modified Shewhart chart and special cause control chart are more appropriate in a correlated environment. For the case study mine, it was also revealed that the modified Shewhart chart and special cause control chart behaved in a similar way.","PeriodicalId":195550,"journal":{"name":"Mineral Resources Engineering","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115113593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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