Pub Date : 2002-06-01DOI: 10.1142/S0950609802000926
S. Jung, K. Biswas
Backfilling techniques are widely used in large-scale underground mines. Massive pillars, which have been left in place for stability, limit mining activity. Backfilling allows for safe recovery of the ore remaining in pillars and assures long-term stability. The high rock stresses which result from deep mining operations can be relieved by backfilling. Initially, waste rock was used to fill the openings left by mining operations, though with mixed results. The need to improve safety and reduce costs has prompted the mining industry to investigate alternative backfill methods. Hydraulic filling with Portland cement has shown considerable promise, but little has been done to define the parameters for an effective design. The objective of this paper is to enhance the understanding of current paste backfill practice. Sixty to seventy weight-percent solids-cemented backfill slurries are currently being used in the mining industry (as a matter of practicality). However, deficiencies in this particular ratio need to be examined. Physical properties of mine tailings are unique based on their geology and the milling process. Flaws in the cemented backfill slurries are usually a result of poor hydration and slime build-up to levels that cause additional dewatering, high equipment/operating costs, and work delays. Furthermore, the required strength and quality of the fill may be affected by high water-cement ratios, as well as by its consolidation time, permeability, and volume changes.
{"title":"REVIEW OF CURRENT HIGH DENSITY PASTE FILL AND ITS TECHNOLOGY","authors":"S. Jung, K. Biswas","doi":"10.1142/S0950609802000926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S0950609802000926","url":null,"abstract":"Backfilling techniques are widely used in large-scale underground mines. Massive pillars, which have been left in place for stability, limit mining activity. Backfilling allows for safe recovery of the ore remaining in pillars and assures long-term stability. The high rock stresses which result from deep mining operations can be relieved by backfilling. Initially, waste rock was used to fill the openings left by mining operations, though with mixed results. The need to improve safety and reduce costs has prompted the mining industry to investigate alternative backfill methods. Hydraulic filling with Portland cement has shown considerable promise, but little has been done to define the parameters for an effective design. The objective of this paper is to enhance the understanding of current paste backfill practice. Sixty to seventy weight-percent solids-cemented backfill slurries are currently being used in the mining industry (as a matter of practicality). However, deficiencies in this particular ratio need to be examined. Physical properties of mine tailings are unique based on their geology and the milling process. Flaws in the cemented backfill slurries are usually a result of poor hydration and slime build-up to levels that cause additional dewatering, high equipment/operating costs, and work delays. Furthermore, the required strength and quality of the fill may be affected by high water-cement ratios, as well as by its consolidation time, permeability, and volume changes.","PeriodicalId":195550,"journal":{"name":"Mineral Resources Engineering","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129134873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-06-01DOI: 10.1142/S0950609802000902
A. Jewbali, P. Mousset-Jones
The survey was sent to 50 surface gold mines in the USA, Canada and Australia and contained questions on borehole spacing, sampling and resource/reserve estimation practices in both the exploration and production stages. Only 10 responded, with 3 from Australia and 7 from the USA One of the responses was from an underground mine, and relevant portions were included in the results. In summary, it was found that inverse distance and geostatistical methods were used the most in calculating resources and reserves in the exploration stage. This was usually done by a team consisting of a geologist, a mining engineer and a metallurgist/geotechnical engineer. In some cases, an outside consultant reviewed the calculated resources/reserves. During production, the polygonal method was most widely used, followed by geostatistical methods. Most mines indicated that duplicate samples were assayed and that statistical analysis was done to check the validity of the sampling and assaying practices during both the exploration and the production stage. The majority of the mines surveyed indicated that a gold content versus particle size distribution study was carried out on the blast hole cuttings.
{"title":"A SURVEY OF SAMPLING AND RESOURCE/RESERVE ESTIMATION PRACTICES IN THE SURFACE GOLD MINING INDUSTRY","authors":"A. Jewbali, P. Mousset-Jones","doi":"10.1142/S0950609802000902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S0950609802000902","url":null,"abstract":"The survey was sent to 50 surface gold mines in the USA, Canada and Australia and contained questions on borehole spacing, sampling and resource/reserve estimation practices in both the exploration and production stages. Only 10 responded, with 3 from Australia and 7 from the USA One of the responses was from an underground mine, and relevant portions were included in the results. In summary, it was found that inverse distance and geostatistical methods were used the most in calculating resources and reserves in the exploration stage. This was usually done by a team consisting of a geologist, a mining engineer and a metallurgist/geotechnical engineer. In some cases, an outside consultant reviewed the calculated resources/reserves. During production, the polygonal method was most widely used, followed by geostatistical methods. Most mines indicated that duplicate samples were assayed and that statistical analysis was done to check the validity of the sampling and assaying practices during both the exploration and the production stage. The majority of the mines surveyed indicated that a gold content versus particle size distribution study was carried out on the blast hole cuttings.","PeriodicalId":195550,"journal":{"name":"Mineral Resources Engineering","volume":"200 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114656719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-03-01DOI: 10.1142/S0950609802000835
A. Kesimal, A. Bascetin
This paper presents a fuzzy multiple attribute decision making as an innovative tool for criteria aggregation in mining decision problems. So far, various types of formulations or solution methods have been proposed with mining systems, but most of them exclusively considered linear functions as objective functions. Real world study is decision making under subjective constraints of different importance, after using uncertain data (linguistic variables), where compromises between competing criteria are allowed. It seems however that this technique is still very little known in mining. It is one of the aims of this case study to disseminate this technology in many mining fields. The paper is divided into four sections. The first section provides an overview of the underlying concepts and theories of multiple attribute decision making in a fuzzy environment and the scope of this type of search. The second section introduces few applications of fuzzy set theory to mining industry problems reported in the literature. Some of these applications are briefly reviewed. The third section presents two case studies which illustrate the application of the system for equipment selection in surface mining and method selection in underground mining in a fuzzy environment, and highlight the flexible nature of the approach. Details of alternative systems and their criterion of each operation are given. And finally the fourth section presents the concluding remarks.
{"title":"APPLICATION OF FUZZY MULTIPLE ATTRIBUTE DECISION MAKING IN MINING OPERATIONS","authors":"A. Kesimal, A. Bascetin","doi":"10.1142/S0950609802000835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S0950609802000835","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a fuzzy multiple attribute decision making as an innovative tool for criteria aggregation in mining decision problems. So far, various types of formulations or solution methods have been proposed with mining systems, but most of them exclusively considered linear functions as objective functions. Real world study is decision making under subjective constraints of different importance, after using uncertain data (linguistic variables), where compromises between competing criteria are allowed. It seems however that this technique is still very little known in mining. It is one of the aims of this case study to disseminate this technology in many mining fields. The paper is divided into four sections. The first section provides an overview of the underlying concepts and theories of multiple attribute decision making in a fuzzy environment and the scope of this type of search. The second section introduces few applications of fuzzy set theory to mining industry problems reported in the literature. Some of these applications are briefly reviewed. The third section presents two case studies which illustrate the application of the system for equipment selection in surface mining and method selection in underground mining in a fuzzy environment, and highlight the flexible nature of the approach. Details of alternative systems and their criterion of each operation are given. And finally the fourth section presents the concluding remarks.","PeriodicalId":195550,"journal":{"name":"Mineral Resources Engineering","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134010985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-03-01DOI: 10.1142/S0950609802000859
B. Erdem, Z. Duran, N. Celebi
This study presents the results of a computer-based model developed for analysing the pit geometry formed when a dragline operates in pullback mode. Basically, three spoiling procedures are modelled for a flat or an inclined coal seam. The normal operation model explores the conditions for dragline employment with a flat coal seam. Inclined model on the other hand, is divided into two parts: the uphill operation model where the dragline spoils uphill and the downhill model where the dragline spoils downhill. Two spoiling arrangements are embedded into pullback model: waste is placed into the room near the set on which the dragline is located (DNS arrangement) or into the room near the set the dragline excavates (DND arrangement). Waste dug from key cut is placed on three main points: at the toe of previous spoil pile (distant), at the toe of coal seam (near) and within adjacent empty pit (middle). The pullback model also studies geometrical requirements on the spoil side. The model primarily indicates tha...
{"title":"PULLBACK MODE DRAGLINE STRIPPING IN DIPPING COAL SEAM","authors":"B. Erdem, Z. Duran, N. Celebi","doi":"10.1142/S0950609802000859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S0950609802000859","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents the results of a computer-based model developed for analysing the pit geometry formed when a dragline operates in pullback mode. Basically, three spoiling procedures are modelled for a flat or an inclined coal seam. The normal operation model explores the conditions for dragline employment with a flat coal seam. Inclined model on the other hand, is divided into two parts: the uphill operation model where the dragline spoils uphill and the downhill model where the dragline spoils downhill. Two spoiling arrangements are embedded into pullback model: waste is placed into the room near the set on which the dragline is located (DNS arrangement) or into the room near the set the dragline excavates (DND arrangement). Waste dug from key cut is placed on three main points: at the toe of previous spoil pile (distant), at the toe of coal seam (near) and within adjacent empty pit (middle). The pullback model also studies geometrical requirements on the spoil side. The model primarily indicates tha...","PeriodicalId":195550,"journal":{"name":"Mineral Resources Engineering","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133036042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-03-01DOI: 10.1142/S0950609802000811
A. Basu, R. Ganguli, J. Sturgul
Mining engineering education is multidisciplinary and requires the learning of operational practices for engineering design, production planning and maintenance, in addition to the theoretical knowledge required in these areas. Moreover, the world-class operations are located in North America, Australia, South America and South Africa. The availability and development of current telecommunication technology merging internet, video-conferencing, and visualisation tools provide a great opportunity to implement these tools in the learning and teaching environment at Imperial College for teaching the best practice in mining engineering operations on a global scale.
{"title":"TECHNOLOGY IMPLEMENTATION IN LEARNING AND TEACHING (TILT)","authors":"A. Basu, R. Ganguli, J. Sturgul","doi":"10.1142/S0950609802000811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S0950609802000811","url":null,"abstract":"Mining engineering education is multidisciplinary and requires the learning of operational practices for engineering design, production planning and maintenance, in addition to the theoretical knowledge required in these areas. Moreover, the world-class operations are located in North America, Australia, South America and South Africa. The availability and development of current telecommunication technology merging internet, video-conferencing, and visualisation tools provide a great opportunity to implement these tools in the learning and teaching environment at Imperial College for teaching the best practice in mining engineering operations on a global scale.","PeriodicalId":195550,"journal":{"name":"Mineral Resources Engineering","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115272304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-03-01DOI: 10.1142/S0950609802000860
V. Konyukh
The deterioration of mining conditions, the rising cost of labor, the limited potential of both humans and traditional mining machines and the lack of skilled workers are some of the reasons to consider robots in mining. The history of mining robotics since 1967 is analysed. Six criteria for using robots are presented and evaluated. Three possible shapes for mining robotics are presented. Several examples of robotics-based mining are suggested. Functional modelling and Petri nets are used in order to simulate mining robotic systems. To evaluate a profitability of robotics for mining, a simple method using both direct and indirect sources of robotics efficiency is proposed.
{"title":"ROBOTICS FOR MINING","authors":"V. Konyukh","doi":"10.1142/S0950609802000860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S0950609802000860","url":null,"abstract":"The deterioration of mining conditions, the rising cost of labor, the limited potential of both humans and traditional mining machines and the lack of skilled workers are some of the reasons to consider robots in mining. The history of mining robotics since 1967 is analysed. Six criteria for using robots are presented and evaluated. Three possible shapes for mining robotics are presented. Several examples of robotics-based mining are suggested. Functional modelling and Petri nets are used in order to simulate mining robotic systems. To evaluate a profitability of robotics for mining, a simple method using both direct and indirect sources of robotics efficiency is proposed.","PeriodicalId":195550,"journal":{"name":"Mineral Resources Engineering","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125732163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-03-01DOI: 10.1142/S0950609802000823
V. Kazakidis, M. Scoble
Ground-related problems represent a significant source of operating risk and justify particular attention in proactive mine planning and design. This paper presents a new approach to quantify the impact of such problems in underground hardrock mining and considers the links between mine planning and ground-related problems. A classification of the various types of potential problems is presented, based on a review of case studies and the surveillance of ground failures in several mines in Ontario, Canada. Despite serious efforts to advance the effectiveness of design in such underground mines, ground-related problems still cannot be totally avoided. A time-dependent internal risk model was established to quantify the impact of ground-related problems in mine production systems. Subjective probabilities provide the input for a reliability analysis, which derives the required input parameters for production simulation. Reliability analyses that are currently used to calculate the reliability of mine equipment were applied for the case of mine subsystems with ground-related problems. A cost impact model is presented that is dependent on the parameters determined in a reliability analysis.
{"title":"ACCOUNTING FOR GROUND-RELATED PROBLEMS IN MINE PRODUCTION SYSTEMS PLANNING","authors":"V. Kazakidis, M. Scoble","doi":"10.1142/S0950609802000823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S0950609802000823","url":null,"abstract":"Ground-related problems represent a significant source of operating risk and justify particular attention in proactive mine planning and design. This paper presents a new approach to quantify the impact of such problems in underground hardrock mining and considers the links between mine planning and ground-related problems. A classification of the various types of potential problems is presented, based on a review of case studies and the surveillance of ground failures in several mines in Ontario, Canada. Despite serious efforts to advance the effectiveness of design in such underground mines, ground-related problems still cannot be totally avoided. A time-dependent internal risk model was established to quantify the impact of ground-related problems in mine production systems. Subjective probabilities provide the input for a reliability analysis, which derives the required input parameters for production simulation. Reliability analyses that are currently used to calculate the reliability of mine equipment were applied for the case of mine subsystems with ground-related problems. A cost impact model is presented that is dependent on the parameters determined in a reliability analysis.","PeriodicalId":195550,"journal":{"name":"Mineral Resources Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128702593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-03-01DOI: 10.1142/S0950609802000847
T. Golosinski
The paper reviews the status of online education in general, discusses current status of online education related to mining, and reports on the online Master of Engineering program in Mining Engineering that is offered by the University of Missouri-Rolla.
{"title":"Online Mining Education: A Reality","authors":"T. Golosinski","doi":"10.1142/S0950609802000847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S0950609802000847","url":null,"abstract":"The paper reviews the status of online education in general, discusses current status of online education related to mining, and reports on the online Master of Engineering program in Mining Engineering that is offered by the University of Missouri-Rolla.","PeriodicalId":195550,"journal":{"name":"Mineral Resources Engineering","volume":"19 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120873409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-12-01DOI: 10.1016/S0950-6098(01)00072-5
G. Hilson
{"title":"PUTTING THEORY INTO PRACTICE: HOW HAS THE GOLD MINING INDUSTRY INTERPRETED THE CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT?","authors":"G. Hilson","doi":"10.1016/S0950-6098(01)00072-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0950-6098(01)00072-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":195550,"journal":{"name":"Mineral Resources Engineering","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129688223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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