Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.5455/oams.20200105102508
K. Chai, Tong Liu, Weimeng Tian, Wanrong Zhu, Jiefu Yang, Jianping Cai, Hua Wang
Background: The level of RNA oxidation in patients with heart failure (HF) and its effect have not been well established. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between urinary 8-oxo-7, 8-dihydroguanosine (8-oxo-Gsn), a marker for oxidative stress to RNA and HF. Methods: A total of 191 HF patients from March 2014 to March 2018 and 155 healthy controls were included in this study, and their morning urine was collected. The level of urinary 8-oxo-Gsn was measured by ultra high-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry and adjusted by urinary creatinine. Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) was defined as left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) <40%. Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) was defined as LVEF ≥50% with diastolic dysfunction. Results: 8-oxo-Gsn in HF patients was significantly increased compared with age- and sexmatched healthy control subjects [4.20 (3.09–5.77) vs. 2.75 (2.59–2.85), p < 0.001]. The level of 8-oxo-Gsn was positively correlated with age (r = 0.257, p = 0.001) and N-terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide (r = 0.257, p < 0.001) and negatively correlated with diastolic blood pressure (r = −0.147, p = 0.049), hemoglobin (r = −0.181, p = 0.013), and creatinine clearance rate (r = −0.215, p = 0.004). Patients with HFrEF and HFpEF exhibited both the higher levels of 8-oxo-Gsn than control subjects (all p < 0.001) while there was no difference between HFrEF and HFpEF [4.44 (3.12–7.12) vs. 4.02 (3.10–5.67), p = 0.406]. Conclusions: The level of urinary 8-oxo-Gsn is increased in patients with HF, indicating that HF may be associated with increased oxidative damage to RNA, and urinary 8-oxoGsn be useful in the diagnosis and evaluation of HF.
背景:心力衰竭(HF)患者的RNA氧化水平及其影响尚未得到很好的确定。本研究旨在探讨尿8-氧- 7,8 -二氢鸟苷(8-氧- gsn)与RNA和HF氧化应激的关系。方法:选取2014年3月~ 2018年3月收治的191例HF患者和155名健康对照者，收集其晨尿。采用超高效液相色谱-质谱/质谱法测定尿8-氧- gsn水平，尿肌酐调节尿8-氧- gsn水平。心力衰竭伴射血分数降低(HFrEF)定义为左室射血分数(LVEF) <40%。心力衰竭伴保留射血分数(HFpEF)定义为LVEF≥50%伴舒张功能障碍。结果:与年龄和性别匹配的健康对照组相比，HF患者8-oxo-Gsn显著升高[4.20(3.09-5.77)比2.75 (2.59-2.85)，p < 0.001]。8-oxo-Gsn水平与年龄(r = 0.257, p = 0.001)、脑利钠肽n端前体(r = 0.257, p < 0.001)呈正相关，与舒张压(r = - 0.147, p = 0.049)、血红蛋白(r = - 0.181, p = 0.013)、肌酐清除率(r = - 0.215, p = 0.004)呈负相关。HFrEF和HFpEF患者的8-oxo-Gsn水平均高于对照组(均p < 0.001)，而HFrEF和HFpEF之间无差异[4.44(3.12-7.12)比4.02 (3.10-5.67)，p = 0.406]。结论:HF患者尿8-oxo-Gsn水平升高，提示HF可能与RNA氧化损伤增加有关，尿8-oxoGsn可用于HF的诊断和评价。
{"title":"Increased level of Urinary 8-oxo-Gsn in Patients with Heart Failure","authors":"K. Chai, Tong Liu, Weimeng Tian, Wanrong Zhu, Jiefu Yang, Jianping Cai, Hua Wang","doi":"10.5455/oams.20200105102508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/oams.20200105102508","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The level of RNA oxidation in patients with heart failure (HF) and its effect have not been well established. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between urinary 8-oxo-7, 8-dihydroguanosine (8-oxo-Gsn), a marker for oxidative stress to RNA and HF. Methods: A total of 191 HF patients from March 2014 to March 2018 and 155 healthy controls were included in this study, and their morning urine was collected. The level of urinary 8-oxo-Gsn was measured by ultra high-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry and adjusted by urinary creatinine. Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) was defined as left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) <40%. Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) was defined as LVEF ≥50% with diastolic dysfunction. Results: 8-oxo-Gsn in HF patients was significantly increased compared with age- and sexmatched healthy control subjects [4.20 (3.09–5.77) vs. 2.75 (2.59–2.85), p < 0.001]. The level of 8-oxo-Gsn was positively correlated with age (r = 0.257, p = 0.001) and N-terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide (r = 0.257, p < 0.001) and negatively correlated with diastolic blood pressure (r = −0.147, p = 0.049), hemoglobin (r = −0.181, p = 0.013), and creatinine clearance rate (r = −0.215, p = 0.004). Patients with HFrEF and HFpEF exhibited both the higher levels of 8-oxo-Gsn than control subjects (all p < 0.001) while there was no difference between HFrEF and HFpEF [4.44 (3.12–7.12) vs. 4.02 (3.10–5.67), p = 0.406]. Conclusions: The level of urinary 8-oxo-Gsn is increased in patients with HF, indicating that HF may be associated with increased oxidative damage to RNA, and urinary 8-oxoGsn be useful in the diagnosis and evaluation of HF.","PeriodicalId":19575,"journal":{"name":"Oxidants and Antioxidants in Medical Science","volume":"15 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75384034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.5455/oams.20180925083907
G. Bekyarova, M. Hristova, M. Tzaneva, A. Kotzev
Abstract Objective: Burn- induced acute hepatic injury due to increased production of lipid peroxides and increased cellular apoptosis. The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway is essential for cytoprotection against oxidative stress. We hypothesized that melatonin by activation of Nrf2 may shift Bax/Bcl-2 ratio to protect rat hepatocytes against apoptosis and progressive liver injury. The aim of this experimental study was to investigate the protective effects of melatonin against burn-induced apoptotic injury and the relationship between lipid peroxides expression of transcription factor Nrf2 and apoptotic protein in burn rat model. Methods: Melatonin was applied immediately after the burn. The expression of hepatic 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), as a marker of liver peroxidative injury, Nrf2, as a marker of antioxidant defense and apoptosis-related genes Bcl-2 and Bax were evaluated using light immunоhistochemistry. Results: Burns caused an increased expression of 4-HNE, Bax and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and induced apoptosis of sinusoidal endothelial cells (SECs) in liver tissue. Melatonin treatment augmented the increase in Nrf2 expression, decreased both burn-induced peroxidative damage and hepatic apoptosis as evidenced by reduced expression of Bax, enhanced expression of Bcl-2. In conclusion, our data suggest that activation of transcription factor Nrf2 by melatonin is protective against oxidative stress, apoptosis and hepatic injury in burns. The available information by melatonin`s effect on the redox sensing transcription factor Nrf2, as a regulator of antioxidant enzymes, antioxidants and antioxidant protection of the liver is limited. Melatonin activates the Nrf2/signaling pathway and acts as a natural inducer of anti-apoptotic and antioxidant protection under condition of burn-induced oxidative stress. This is a new cellular mechanism for protection against progressive burn-induced liver damage not only in animals but also in humans.
{"title":"Hepatoprotective effect of melatonin via activation of Nrf2 and anti-apoptotic proteins in burn rats","authors":"G. Bekyarova, M. Hristova, M. Tzaneva, A. Kotzev","doi":"10.5455/oams.20180925083907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/oams.20180925083907","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objective: Burn- induced acute hepatic injury due to increased production of lipid peroxides and increased cellular apoptosis. The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway is essential for cytoprotection against oxidative stress. We hypothesized that melatonin by activation of Nrf2 may shift Bax/Bcl-2 ratio to protect rat hepatocytes against apoptosis and progressive liver injury. The aim of this experimental study was to investigate the protective effects of melatonin against burn-induced apoptotic injury and the relationship between lipid peroxides expression of transcription factor Nrf2 and apoptotic protein in burn rat model. Methods: Melatonin was applied immediately after the burn. The expression of hepatic 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), as a marker of liver peroxidative injury, Nrf2, as a marker of antioxidant defense and apoptosis-related genes Bcl-2 and Bax were evaluated using light immunоhistochemistry. Results: Burns caused an increased expression of 4-HNE, Bax and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and induced apoptosis of sinusoidal endothelial cells (SECs) in liver tissue. Melatonin treatment augmented the increase in Nrf2 expression, decreased both burn-induced peroxidative damage and hepatic apoptosis as evidenced by reduced expression of Bax, enhanced expression of Bcl-2. In conclusion, our data suggest that activation of transcription factor Nrf2 by melatonin is protective against oxidative stress, apoptosis and hepatic injury in burns. The available information by melatonin`s effect on the redox sensing transcription factor Nrf2, as a regulator of antioxidant enzymes, antioxidants and antioxidant protection of the liver is limited. Melatonin activates the Nrf2/signaling pathway and acts as a natural inducer of anti-apoptotic and antioxidant protection under condition of burn-induced oxidative stress. This is a new cellular mechanism for protection against progressive burn-induced liver damage not only in animals but also in humans.","PeriodicalId":19575,"journal":{"name":"Oxidants and Antioxidants in Medical Science","volume":"38 1","pages":"11-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84225190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.5455/oams.20180810025301
T. Okoko, Solomon A. Ndoni
Kolaviron is an important bi-flavonoid complex isolated from Garcinia kola seeds which has been reported to possess significant bioactivities. Cisplatin is an antineoplastic drug but tissue damage is a limiting factor to its chemotherapy. The effect of kolaviron on cisplatin-induced alterations of some biochemical parameters in rats was investigated. The study included a control group (group I) that received neither cisplatin nor kolaviron while group II received only kolaviron (100 mg/kg/day) orally for the duration of the experiment. Rats in group III were given cisplatin (10 mg/kg/day) for three consecutive days intraperitoneally. In addition to the injection of cisplatin, rats in group IV were orally given kolaviron at 100 mg/kg/day for six consecutive days prior to the treatment with cisplatin, and for three days simultaneously with cisplatin. However animals in group V were given kolaviron at 200 mg/kg/day for six consecutive days prior to the treatment with cisplatin, and for three days simultaneously with cisplatin. Thereafter, rats were anaesthesized, dissected, serum and tissues were collected and analyzed. The intrapetitoneal-adminstration of cisplatin (10 mg/kg) caused a significant increase in the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (ASP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), blood urea nitrogen (Urea) and creatinine indicative of liver and kidney damage. Cisplatin also increased the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-AE’A‘), interleukin-6 (IL-6) while significantly reducing the expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in both liver and kidney. However, oral administration of kolaviron (100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg) for six days prior and three days co-treatment with cisplatin significantly reversed the cisplatin-induced alterations close to control levels. Apart from the expression of SOD and CAT in liver, the effect of kolaviron was dose-dependent (p < 0.05). Treating the rats with kolaviron (100 mg/kg) alone only significantly enhanced the expression of SOD and CAT in liver over control (p < 0.05). The results reveal kolaviron as an effective chemoprotective agent against cisplatin-induced tissue damage in rats which can be exploited pharmacologically.
{"title":"Kolaviron protects against cisplatin-induced hepatic and renal oxidative damage in rats -","authors":"T. Okoko, Solomon A. Ndoni","doi":"10.5455/oams.20180810025301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/oams.20180810025301","url":null,"abstract":"Kolaviron is an important bi-flavonoid complex isolated from Garcinia kola seeds which has been reported to possess significant bioactivities. Cisplatin is an antineoplastic drug but tissue damage is a limiting factor to its chemotherapy. The effect of kolaviron on cisplatin-induced alterations of some biochemical parameters in rats was investigated. The study included a control group (group I) that received neither cisplatin nor kolaviron while group II received only kolaviron (100 mg/kg/day) orally for the duration of the experiment. Rats in group III were given cisplatin (10 mg/kg/day) for three consecutive days intraperitoneally. In addition to the injection of cisplatin, rats in group IV were orally given kolaviron at 100 mg/kg/day for six consecutive days prior to the treatment with cisplatin, and for three days simultaneously with cisplatin. However animals in group V were given kolaviron at 200 mg/kg/day for six consecutive days prior to the treatment with cisplatin, and for three days simultaneously with cisplatin. Thereafter, rats were anaesthesized, dissected, serum and tissues were collected and analyzed. The intrapetitoneal-adminstration of cisplatin (10 mg/kg) caused a significant increase in the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (ASP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), blood urea nitrogen (Urea) and creatinine indicative of liver and kidney damage. Cisplatin also increased the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-AE’A‘), interleukin-6 (IL-6) while significantly reducing the expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in both liver and kidney. However, oral administration of kolaviron (100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg) for six days prior and three days co-treatment with cisplatin significantly reversed the cisplatin-induced alterations close to control levels. Apart from the expression of SOD and CAT in liver, the effect of kolaviron was dose-dependent (p < 0.05). Treating the rats with kolaviron (100 mg/kg) alone only significantly enhanced the expression of SOD and CAT in liver over control (p < 0.05). The results reveal kolaviron as an effective chemoprotective agent against cisplatin-induced tissue damage in rats which can be exploited pharmacologically.","PeriodicalId":19575,"journal":{"name":"Oxidants and Antioxidants in Medical Science","volume":"27 1","pages":"34-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88755916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.5455/oams.20180315075538
Lawson Ekpe, K. Inaku, E. Eyam, V. Ekpe
Background: Astaxanthin, a potent antioxidant carotenoid has been found to be highly effective in mopping up free radicals as it possesses anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and other beneficial pharmacological properties. Many chemical reactions produce free radicals which are injurious to body cells, as they are the causes of many diseases, disabilities, and death. Antioxidants suppress and mop up these circulating free radicals. Method: This review was done by a comprehensive literature search using internet search engines linked to academics such as EBSCO, PubMed, Google Scholar, etc. They were assessed on topics related to astaxanthin. Articles related and linked to studies involving astaxanthin were thoroughly searched and the references of such articles were also searched for information about astaxanthin in relation to the medical application. Results: In various studies, astaxanthin has been found to be a potent carotenoid as an antioxidant thereby protective to the body as it prevents cancer, enhances eye health, suppresses lipid peroxidation and atherosclerosis, enhances skin and brain health, and suppresses the formation of complications of diabetes mellitus. Conclusion: Astaxanthin, a highly potent xanthophylls carotenoid has multiple pharmacological properties, and oral supplements of this anti-oxidant are protective against a wide range of diseases. ARTICLE HISTORY
{"title":"ANTIOXIDANT EFFECTS OF ASTAXANTHIN IN VARIOUS DISEASES - A REVIEW.","authors":"Lawson Ekpe, K. Inaku, E. Eyam, V. Ekpe","doi":"10.5455/oams.20180315075538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/oams.20180315075538","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Astaxanthin, a potent antioxidant carotenoid has been found to be highly effective in mopping up free radicals as it possesses anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and other beneficial pharmacological properties. Many chemical reactions produce free radicals which are injurious to body cells, as they are the causes of many diseases, disabilities, and death. Antioxidants suppress and mop up these circulating free radicals. Method: This review was done by a comprehensive literature search using internet search engines linked to academics such as EBSCO, PubMed, Google Scholar, etc. They were assessed on topics related to astaxanthin. Articles related and linked to studies involving astaxanthin were thoroughly searched and the references of such articles were also searched for information about astaxanthin in relation to the medical application. Results: In various studies, astaxanthin has been found to be a potent carotenoid as an antioxidant thereby protective to the body as it prevents cancer, enhances eye health, suppresses lipid peroxidation and atherosclerosis, enhances skin and brain health, and suppresses the formation of complications of diabetes mellitus. Conclusion: Astaxanthin, a highly potent xanthophylls carotenoid has multiple pharmacological properties, and oral supplements of this anti-oxidant are protective against a wide range of diseases. ARTICLE HISTORY","PeriodicalId":19575,"journal":{"name":"Oxidants and Antioxidants in Medical Science","volume":"93 1","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89865459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.5455/OAMS.20180704100222
Mohabbulla Mohib, N. Chowdhury, J. Sarker, Nahid Hasan, Salma Khan, Kazi Nafis Ullah, Waich Mahmud, Liyad Mridu, Abida Tisha, Md. Abu Taher Sagor
Aim/Background: Recent studies suggest that chronic illness like obesity, diabetes, vascular inflammation and liver diseases are on the rise. However, daily consumption of fruits and vegetables may prevent these ever-increasing chronic and non-communicable diseases. Polyphenol based treatments have long been evaluated and demonstrated to cure, prevent and manage chronic conditions, and most importantly have recently gained popularity as the alternative therapeutic option throughout the world. Methods: In this current study, a detail search was performed using PubMed, Science Direct and Google scholar, and brought together the articles on Apple Polyphenols (AP), obesity, diabetes-mediated liver dysfunction and using the similar key words. Results: Several biochemical studies have already reported that AP possess strong anti-oxidant properties, thereby, reduce free radical generation capacity, prevent oxidative mediated organ dysfunctions, decrease lipid peroxidation products and advanced glycation end products. Furthermore, when applied in in-vitro models, AP reduce harmful lipid accumulation, control glucose level and help in cell survival. Besides, cellular fuels like AMPK, PGC and PPAR have been found to be enhanced; concurrently, unwanted harmful cytokines such as NF-κB, TLRs and AP-1 are also observed abated. In human subjects, AP based treatment approaches have been performing extremely well in reducing harmful lipids, preventing non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases, controlling blood glucose level, preventing drug-induced hepatic dysfunctions and minimizing ADR related problems. Conclusion: Overall, AP derived phytonutrients should extensively be considered for the safety of larger clinical evaluations and as prospective lead compounds for further drug design and development process.
{"title":"A comprehensive review on effective role of Apple polyphenols in the treatment of Obesity, Diabetes and Liver dysfunctions with some possible molecular mechanisms","authors":"Mohabbulla Mohib, N. Chowdhury, J. Sarker, Nahid Hasan, Salma Khan, Kazi Nafis Ullah, Waich Mahmud, Liyad Mridu, Abida Tisha, Md. Abu Taher Sagor","doi":"10.5455/OAMS.20180704100222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/OAMS.20180704100222","url":null,"abstract":"Aim/Background: Recent studies suggest that chronic illness like obesity, diabetes, vascular inflammation and liver diseases are on the rise. However, daily consumption of fruits and vegetables may prevent these ever-increasing chronic and non-communicable diseases. Polyphenol based treatments have long been evaluated and demonstrated to cure, prevent and manage chronic conditions, and most importantly have recently gained popularity as the alternative therapeutic option throughout the world. Methods: In this current study, a detail search was performed using PubMed, Science Direct and Google scholar, and brought together the articles on Apple Polyphenols (AP), obesity, diabetes-mediated liver dysfunction and using the similar key words. Results: Several biochemical studies have already reported that AP possess strong anti-oxidant properties, thereby, reduce free radical generation capacity, prevent oxidative mediated organ dysfunctions, decrease lipid peroxidation products and advanced glycation end products. Furthermore, when applied in in-vitro models, AP reduce harmful lipid accumulation, control glucose level and help in cell survival. Besides, cellular fuels like AMPK, PGC and PPAR have been found to be enhanced; concurrently, unwanted harmful cytokines such as NF-κB, TLRs and AP-1 are also observed abated. In human subjects, AP based treatment approaches have been performing extremely well in reducing harmful lipids, preventing non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases, controlling blood glucose level, preventing drug-induced hepatic dysfunctions and minimizing ADR related problems. Conclusion: Overall, AP derived phytonutrients should extensively be considered for the safety of larger clinical evaluations and as prospective lead compounds for further drug design and development process.","PeriodicalId":19575,"journal":{"name":"Oxidants and Antioxidants in Medical Science","volume":"9 1","pages":"9-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78596795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.5455/oams.20180602010303
S. Rabiu, A. Dandare, A. Bello
Introduction: Fruits are naturally plant products and juicy seed in nature that may be taken raw as food. They are readily available, accessible and affordable in many environments and are naturally endowed with potentials of health benefits. Humans are persistently exposed to various oxidants capable of causing many degenerative diseases. Methods: Antioxidants vitamin and flavonoids contents were determined in ripe and unripe mango, guava, cashew, black pulm and shea fruits using standard analytical methods. Result: It was apparent that ripening process affects antioxidants contents. The results proved that Unripe A occidentale have the highest vitamin A and C among all the fruits analyzed while least concentration was detected in ripe P. guajava and V. doniana respectively. Vitamin E appeared highest in ripe V. doniana and least in unripe P.guajava. Percentage flavonoids contents range from 0.81 -15.02 with unripe P.guajava having the highest and V. paradoxa with lowest value. Conclusion: This work depicted that the fruits analyzed are good source of vitamin A, C and E, as well as flavonoids. Therefore when consumed in adequate quantity, will improved the antioxidant defence system, hence could be used in the management of many degenerative disorders or slow down the process of oxidative stress.
{"title":"Comparative Antioxidants Content of Ripe and Unripe Fruits Consumed in Sokoto Metropolis","authors":"S. Rabiu, A. Dandare, A. Bello","doi":"10.5455/oams.20180602010303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/oams.20180602010303","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Fruits are naturally plant products and juicy seed in nature that may be taken raw as food. They are readily available, accessible and affordable in many environments and are naturally endowed with potentials of health benefits. Humans are persistently exposed to various oxidants capable of causing many degenerative diseases. Methods: Antioxidants vitamin and flavonoids contents were determined in ripe and unripe mango, guava, cashew, black pulm and shea fruits using standard analytical methods. Result: It was apparent that ripening process affects antioxidants contents. The results proved that Unripe A occidentale have the highest vitamin A and C among all the fruits analyzed while least concentration was detected in ripe P. guajava and V. doniana respectively. Vitamin E appeared highest in ripe V. doniana and least in unripe P.guajava. Percentage flavonoids contents range from 0.81 -15.02 with unripe P.guajava having the highest and V. paradoxa with lowest value. Conclusion: This work depicted that the fruits analyzed are good source of vitamin A, C and E, as well as flavonoids. Therefore when consumed in adequate quantity, will improved the antioxidant defence system, hence could be used in the management of many degenerative disorders or slow down the process of oxidative stress.","PeriodicalId":19575,"journal":{"name":"Oxidants and Antioxidants in Medical Science","volume":"112 1","pages":"28-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85868699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.5455/OAMS.20180927065758
E. A. Irondi, Ridwan Mohammed, A. Balogun, H. Tajudeen, O. Aleshinloye
Aim: Recent studies have shown that flour of mango kernel is a rich natural source of biologically active phytochemicals with important health benefits, such as phenolic compounds. Hence, this study evaluated antioxidant and modulatory properties of methanol extracts of kernel flours of three Nigerian local mango varieties (Sherri, Ogbomoso and Elemi) on some enzymes relevant to the development of metabolic syndrome (MS). Methods: Enzymes [pancreatic lipase (PL), α-amylase, α-glucosidase, angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) and xanthine oxidase (XO)] inhibitory assays, antioxidant activities and antioxidant phytochemicals contents of extracts were carried out using spectrophotometer. Results: All the three mango varieties strongly inhibited PL, α-amylase, α-glucosidase, ACE and XO. Generally, Elemi had the strongest inhibitory effect on the enzymes, followed by Sherri and Ogbomoso. It also had the highest total phenols, total flavonoids, tannins and total saponins contents, and displayed the strongest ABTS*+ and DPPH* scavenging activities and reducing power, compared with Sherri and Ogbomoso. Conclusions: By inhibiting PL, α-amylase, α-glucosidase, ACE and XO, kernel flour extracts of the three Nigerian local mango varieties may be beneficial for retarding the production of fatty acids, glucose, angiotensin II and uric acid, representing an important approach for managing obesity, T2D, hypertension and hyperuricemia, respectively. The mango kernel flours, especially Elemi, may therefore be harnessed to develop low-cost nutraceuticals for managing metabolic syndrome.
{"title":"Antioxidant and modulatory properties of kernel flour extracts of three Nigerian local mango varieties on enzymes relevant to metabolic syndrome","authors":"E. A. Irondi, Ridwan Mohammed, A. Balogun, H. Tajudeen, O. Aleshinloye","doi":"10.5455/OAMS.20180927065758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/OAMS.20180927065758","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: Recent studies have shown that flour of mango kernel is a rich natural source of biologically active phytochemicals with important health benefits, such as phenolic compounds. Hence, this study evaluated antioxidant and modulatory properties of methanol extracts of kernel flours of three Nigerian local mango varieties (Sherri, Ogbomoso and Elemi) on some enzymes relevant to the development of metabolic syndrome (MS). Methods: Enzymes [pancreatic lipase (PL), α-amylase, α-glucosidase, angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) and xanthine oxidase (XO)] inhibitory assays, antioxidant activities and antioxidant phytochemicals contents of extracts were carried out using spectrophotometer. Results: All the three mango varieties strongly inhibited PL, α-amylase, α-glucosidase, ACE and XO. Generally, Elemi had the strongest inhibitory effect on the enzymes, followed by Sherri and Ogbomoso. It also had the highest total phenols, total flavonoids, tannins and total saponins contents, and displayed the strongest ABTS*+ and DPPH* scavenging activities and reducing power, compared with Sherri and Ogbomoso. Conclusions: By inhibiting PL, α-amylase, α-glucosidase, ACE and XO, kernel flour extracts of the three Nigerian local mango varieties may be beneficial for retarding the production of fatty acids, glucose, angiotensin II and uric acid, representing an important approach for managing obesity, T2D, hypertension and hyperuricemia, respectively. The mango kernel flours, especially Elemi, may therefore be harnessed to develop low-cost nutraceuticals for managing metabolic syndrome.","PeriodicalId":19575,"journal":{"name":"Oxidants and Antioxidants in Medical Science","volume":"27 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85428214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.5455/OAMS.20180207075358
Okumu Ochanga, M. Kilonzo
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate antioxidant activity of Rhus vulgaris, Sphaeranthus bullatus, Osyris lanceolata, Ocimum gratissimum, Cymbopogon citratus, Acacia nilotica, and Tylosema fassoglensis plants that have been used as herbal teas in Tanzania for treatment of various ailments including bacterial and fungal infections.Methods: Antioxidant activity of the aqueous (AQ) and ethyl acetate (ETA) plant extracts was assessed based on radical scavenging activity of the stable 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) on January 2017. Briefly, DPPH (0.2 mm) was obtained by dissolving 3.94 mg of DPPH in 50 ml of pure methanol. The stock solutions of the extracts were prepared in methanol. Serial dilution using 96 well plates was employed to determine radical scavenging activities of different concentrations.Results: All plants demonstrated free radical scavenging activity ranging from 5.36% to 87.75% in different concentrations with the highest activity of 87.75% observed in S. bullatus aqueous extracts in its 500 mg/ml at 60 minutes and the lowest scaveng-ing activity of 5.36% demonstrated by T. fassoglensis leaves ethyl acetate extracts in its 3.906 mg/ml. Scavenging activity was observed to change with polarity and time of reac-tion. Eighty five percent of AQ extracts exhibited the scavenging activity ranging from 80% to 87% at the concentration of 500 mg/ml compared to 39.3% that exhibited by ETA extracts at the same concentration. Total phenolic contents ranged from 57.7 ± 0.8 to 98.02 ± 1.1 mg GAE/g dry weight.Conclusion: The use of herbal tea from S.bullatus, O. lanceolata, T. fassoglensis, A. nilotica, R. vulgaris, C. citratus, and O. gratissimum has potential antioxidant benefits to human health, so it should be used to prepare herbal tea for management of diseases.
{"title":"Antioxidant properties of aqueous and ethyl acetate extracts of some plants used as herbal tea in Tanzania","authors":"Okumu Ochanga, M. Kilonzo","doi":"10.5455/OAMS.20180207075358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/OAMS.20180207075358","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate antioxidant activity of Rhus vulgaris, Sphaeranthus bullatus, Osyris lanceolata, Ocimum gratissimum, Cymbopogon citratus, Acacia nilotica, and Tylosema fassoglensis plants that have been used as herbal teas in Tanzania for treatment of various ailments including bacterial and fungal infections.Methods: Antioxidant activity of the aqueous (AQ) and ethyl acetate (ETA) plant extracts was assessed based on radical scavenging activity of the stable 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) on January 2017. Briefly, DPPH (0.2 mm) was obtained by dissolving 3.94 mg of DPPH in 50 ml of pure methanol. The stock solutions of the extracts were prepared in methanol. Serial dilution using 96 well plates was employed to determine radical scavenging activities of different concentrations.Results: All plants demonstrated free radical scavenging activity ranging from 5.36% to 87.75% in different concentrations with the highest activity of 87.75% observed in S. bullatus aqueous extracts in its 500 mg/ml at 60 minutes and the lowest scaveng-ing activity of 5.36% demonstrated by T. fassoglensis leaves ethyl acetate extracts in its 3.906 mg/ml. Scavenging activity was observed to change with polarity and time of reac-tion. Eighty five percent of AQ extracts exhibited the scavenging activity ranging from 80% to 87% at the concentration of 500 mg/ml compared to 39.3% that exhibited by ETA extracts at the same concentration. Total phenolic contents ranged from 57.7 ± 0.8 to 98.02 ± 1.1 mg GAE/g dry weight.Conclusion: The use of herbal tea from S.bullatus, O. lanceolata, T. fassoglensis, A. nilotica, R. vulgaris, C. citratus, and O. gratissimum has potential antioxidant benefits to human health, so it should be used to prepare herbal tea for management of diseases.","PeriodicalId":19575,"journal":{"name":"Oxidants and Antioxidants in Medical Science","volume":"367 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82579795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.5455/oams.190417.or.106
G. Anyasor, B. Ogunbiyi, I. Akinlusi
Objective: Polyherbal preparations are extracts obtained from different medicinal plants. These herbal preparations are orally administered as therapy against numerous oxidative stress and inflammation mediated diseases. This study was designed to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of Oroki herbal, Swedish bitters and Yoyo bitters using in vitro models. Methods: Antioxidant studies were carried out using total antioxidant capacity (TAC), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and 1’1’-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assays while anti-inflammatory studies were performed using human red blood cell (HRBC) membrane stabilization and anti-denaturation of bovine serum albumin (BSA) assays. Results: Data showed that Oroki herbal had the highest TAC, inhibition of TBARS, FRAP absorbance range, DPPH scavenging activity while Swedish bitters had the highest stabilization of hypotonicity-induced hemolysis of HRBC and inhibition of heat-induced BSA denaturation when compared with other herbal preparations. Conclusion: Findings from this study indicated that Oroki herbal exhibited the highest antioxidant activity while Swedish bitters had the highest anti-inflammatory property in vitro. Furthermore, the medicinal properties of these polyherbal preparations could be attributed to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities that could mitigate against oxidative stress and inflammation mediated diseases.
{"title":"Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of selected polyherbal preparations: Oroki herbal, Swedish bitters and Yoyo bitters","authors":"G. Anyasor, B. Ogunbiyi, I. Akinlusi","doi":"10.5455/oams.190417.or.106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/oams.190417.or.106","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Polyherbal preparations are extracts obtained from different medicinal plants. These herbal preparations are orally administered as therapy against numerous oxidative stress and inflammation mediated diseases. This study was designed to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of Oroki herbal, Swedish bitters and Yoyo bitters using in vitro models. Methods: Antioxidant studies were carried out using total antioxidant capacity (TAC), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and 1’1’-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assays while anti-inflammatory studies were performed using human red blood cell (HRBC) membrane stabilization and anti-denaturation of bovine serum albumin (BSA) assays. Results: Data showed that Oroki herbal had the highest TAC, inhibition of TBARS, FRAP absorbance range, DPPH scavenging activity while Swedish bitters had the highest stabilization of hypotonicity-induced hemolysis of HRBC and inhibition of heat-induced BSA denaturation when compared with other herbal preparations. Conclusion: Findings from this study indicated that Oroki herbal exhibited the highest antioxidant activity while Swedish bitters had the highest anti-inflammatory property in vitro. Furthermore, the medicinal properties of these polyherbal preparations could be attributed to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities that could mitigate against oxidative stress and inflammation mediated diseases.","PeriodicalId":19575,"journal":{"name":"Oxidants and Antioxidants in Medical Science","volume":"10 1","pages":"25-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86220657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.5455/oams.080817.or.108
T. Okoko
{"title":"Selenium and kolaviron protect cells from hydrogen peroxide-induced alterations","authors":"T. Okoko","doi":"10.5455/oams.080817.or.108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/oams.080817.or.108","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19575,"journal":{"name":"Oxidants and Antioxidants in Medical Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89110023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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