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Research on medium-wave infrared snapshot Fourier transform light field spectral imaging system 中波红外快照傅里叶变换光场光谱成像系统的研究
IF 2.5 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 OPTICS Pub Date : 2025-12-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.optcom.2025.132844
Peng Sun , Baixuan Zhao , Yupeng Chen , Kaifeng Zheng , Yingze Zhao , Haitao Nie , Meiru Zheng , Huimin Li , Weihong Ning , Xudong Du , Siyao Ma , Junpeng Zhu , Yuxin Qin , Weibiao Wang , Jinguang Lv , Jingqiu Liang
Snapshot light field spectral imaging technology has been widely adopted in various fields because it can simultaneously capture both spatial information and spectral characteristics within the target scene. In the infrared band, Fourier imaging transform spectrometers (FTIS) have high spectral resolution and a signal-to-noise ratio. However, traditional FTIS can only obtain one-dimensional spectrum and two-dimensional image information, which cannot meet the three-dimensional depth perception needs of complex scenes. Therefore, this paper proposes a snapshot Fourier transform light field imaging spectrometer (SFTLFIS), which is capable of capturing a four-dimensional data cube composed of three-dimensional spatial information (x,y,z) and one-dimensional spectral information (λ) of the target scene in a single exposure. The light from the target scene first passes through a lenslet array for field-of-view modulation, then undergoes phase modulation via stepped mirrors, and is finally captured by the detector as 64 interferometric sub-aperture images encoding both spatial and phase information. The depth information of the target scene is extracted by calculating the Epipolar Plane Images (EPI). Subsequently, the non-uniform interference sampling which is inherently caused by this disparity is compensated and corrected through a regularized iterative method. Through experiments on plaster targets, blackbody targets, and irregular aluminum alloy targets, it can be concluded that the 3D reconstruction results of the images after super-resolution processing have been significantly improved. Moreover, SFTLFIS performs better in reconstructing objects with continuous surfaces. After ICP registration, the average Euclidean distance can reach 1.11 mm and 1.15 mm. However, for irregular objects with discontinuous surfaces, such as irregular aluminum alloys, the 3D reconstruction results are relatively poor, with an average Euclidean distance of 2.56 mm. In terms of spectral reconstruction, the regularization iterative correction method was used to perform spectral reconstruction experiments on the three types of targets mentioned above. The spectral angle error for the plaster target is less than 12.0°, the blackbody spectral angle error is 22.21°, and the aluminum profile spectral angle error is 15.10°. These results validate the feasibility of the SFTLFIS as a compact, fast, and multi-dimensional mid-wave infrared information detection system.
快照光场光谱成像技术由于能够同时捕获目标场景内的空间信息和光谱特征,已被广泛应用于各个领域。在红外波段,傅里叶成像变换光谱仪(FTIS)具有较高的光谱分辨率和信噪比。然而,传统的FTIS只能获得一维光谱和二维图像信息,无法满足复杂场景的三维深度感知需求。因此,本文提出了一种快照傅里叶变换光场成像光谱仪(SFTLFIS),它能够在单次曝光中捕获由目标场景的三维空间信息(x、y、z)和一维光谱信息(λ)组成的四维数据立方体。来自目标场景的光首先通过透镜阵列进行视场调制,然后通过阶梯式反射镜进行相位调制,最后被探测器捕获为包含空间和相位信息的64个干涉子孔径图像。通过计算极面图像(EPI)提取目标场景的深度信息。随后,通过正则化迭代方法补偿和校正这种差异所固有的非均匀干扰采样。通过对石膏靶、黑体靶和不规则铝合金靶的实验,可以得出超分辨率处理后的图像三维重建效果有了明显改善。此外,SFTLFIS在具有连续表面的物体重建中表现更好。ICP配准后,平均欧氏距离可达1.11 mm和1.15 mm。然而,对于表面不连续的不规则物体,如不规则铝合金,三维重建结果相对较差,平均欧几里得距离为2.56 mm。在光谱重建方面,采用正则化迭代校正方法对上述三类目标进行光谱重建实验。石膏靶光谱角误差小于12.0°,黑体光谱角误差为22.21°,铝型材光谱角误差为15.10°。这些结果验证了SFTLFIS作为一种紧凑、快速、多维中波红外信息检测系统的可行性。
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引用次数: 0
Conversion from amplitude hologram to complex hologram: Fourier transform and optimization-based methods 从幅全息图到复全息图的转换:傅立叶变换和基于优化的方法
IF 2.5 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 OPTICS Pub Date : 2025-12-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.optcom.2025.132851
Shun Nishijima , Kedar Khare , Kazuma Mori , Fan Wang , Tomoyoshi Ito , Tomoyoshi Shimobaba
Amplitude, phase-only, and complex holograms are the three main types of holograms commonly used in holographic displays. Amplitude holograms offer high computational efficiency; however, they inherently generate unwanted conjugate and direct light components. In this study, we propose two methods for converting amplitude holograms into complex holograms: the Fourier transform and optimization-based methods. Both methods reconstruct complex holograms by modulating the object wave. The Fourier transform method enables rapid generation of complex holograms but is limited to linear phase modulation. In contrast, despite being more computationally demanding, the optimization-based method enables more flexible modulation schemes and achieves higher reconstruction accuracy in complex hologram generation.
振幅全息图、纯相位全息图和复杂全息图是全息显示中常用的三种主要类型的全息图。振幅全息图具有很高的计算效率;然而,它们固有地产生不需要的共轭和直接光分量。在本研究中,我们提出了两种将振幅全息图转换为复杂全息图的方法:傅里叶变换和基于优化的方法。这两种方法都是通过调制物体波来重建复杂全息图。傅里叶变换方法能够快速生成复杂的全息图,但仅限于线性相位调制。相比之下,尽管基于优化的方法对计算量的要求更高,但在复杂全息图生成中,基于优化的方法可以实现更灵活的调制方案,并实现更高的重建精度。
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引用次数: 0
Profile dispersion characteristics of graded-index multimode fiber and its impact on bandwidth 梯度折射率多模光纤的剖面色散特性及其对带宽的影响
IF 2.5 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 OPTICS Pub Date : 2025-12-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.optcom.2025.132815
Qinglong Zhang, Yi Zhan, Yihan Wang, An Wang
The bandwidth of multimode fiber (MMF) can be limited by dispersion. Among them, the profile dispersion, though small, should not be neglected, especially in MMF with high numerical apertures, and must also be taken into account. However, profile dispersion is often neglected or only the profile dispersion parameter are discussed in conventional studies. In order to study the profile dispersion in MMF and its effect on the bandwidth, we find and validate a relatively accurate mathematical model to represent the profile dispersion of single-core graded-index MMF. The mode of MMF is solved and the profile dispersion is calculated based on MATLAB using the half-vector finite-difference method without approximating the relative refractive index difference. Through the analysis of the relationship between profile dispersion and bandwidth and mode, the results indicate that small local changes in the profile dispersion lead to abrupt changes in the bandwidth, and higher-order modes cause larger absolute value of profile dispersion, indicating that the profile dispersion has a modulating effect on the bandwidth. These findings demonstrate the potential to tailor MMF performance by selecting specific transmission modes, providing a framework to optimize fiber design to improve the performance of optical communication systems.
多模光纤的带宽会受到色散的限制。其中,剖面色散虽然很小,但也不能忽视,特别是在具有高数值孔径的MMF中,也必须加以考虑。然而,在传统的研究中,往往忽略或只讨论剖面色散参数。为了研究MMF中的剖面色散及其对带宽的影响,我们找到并验证了一个相对准确的数学模型来表示单芯梯度指数MMF的剖面色散。在不近似相对折射率差的情况下,采用半矢量有限差分法求解了MMF的模态,并在MATLAB上计算了其轮廓色散。通过分析谱线色散与带宽和模态的关系,结果表明,谱线色散局部的微小变化会导致带宽的突变,高阶模态会导致谱线色散绝对值的增大,说明谱线色散对带宽有调制作用。这些发现证明了通过选择特定的传输模式来定制MMF性能的潜力,为优化光纤设计提供了一个框架,以提高光通信系统的性能。
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引用次数: 0
Portable miniature 3D measurement system for mobile phones 便携式微型手机三维测量系统
IF 2.5 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 OPTICS Pub Date : 2025-12-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.optcom.2025.132843
Jianhua Wang , Wen Zhang , Huixin Sun
Current 3D measurement methods with optical projectors and industrial cameras are complex and costly. To mitigate the complexity of 3D imaging systems, we propose adding a miniature commercial projector to the smartphone side, which is cost-effective and requires no major modifications to the phone. We introduce self-correction technology to address hardware nonlinear errors and have developed two applications: “3DMeasurement” for smartphone and “Projection” for projector, both based on Android for automation from image projection, capture to 3D shape generation. Experiments demonstrate that this system facilitates high-accuracy 3D measurements on smartphones, greatly expanding the application scope of structured light 3D measurement.
目前使用光学投影仪和工业相机的3D测量方法既复杂又昂贵。为了降低3D成像系统的复杂性,我们建议在智能手机端增加一个微型商业投影仪,这是经济有效的,不需要对手机进行重大修改。我们引入了自校正技术来解决硬件非线性误差,并开发了两个应用程序:用于智能手机的“3D测量”和用于投影仪的“投影”,这两个应用程序都基于Android,实现了从图像投影、捕获到3D形状生成的自动化。实验表明,该系统实现了智能手机上的高精度三维测量,大大扩展了结构光三维测量的应用范围。
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引用次数: 0
Hybrid electro-optic and magneto-optical sensing in LiNbO3 LiNbO3的电光和磁光混合传感
IF 2.5 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 OPTICS Pub Date : 2025-12-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.optcom.2025.132848
Xinbing Jiao, Haipeng He, Wenpei Chen
This study focuses on the performance optimization of lithium niobate (LiNbO3)-based dual-field sensors for electric and magnetic field detection, employing 1550 nm circularly polarized light and a polarimeter. The primary objective is to establish a quantitative correction between Stokes parameters and externally applied electric/magnetic fields, by fully exploiting the intrinsic electro-optic (Pockels effect) and magneto-optic (Faraday effect) characteristics of LiNbO3. The 1550 nm circularly polarized light is utilized to excite a 128° Y-cut LiNbO3 crystal, enabling systematic tracking of field-induced polarization state transitions. A polarimeter is deployed to capture Stokes parameters in real time, which support the detailed characterization of polarization evolution under the combined influence of electric and magnetic fields. Experimental results demonstrate that the Stokes parameters exhibit a linear dependence on electric field intensity, which aligns with the theoretical predictions of the Pockels effect. Notably, the S3 parameter—responsible for quantifying the degree of circular polarization—shows a distinct and measurable response to electric field fluctuations. For magnetic field detection, the Faraday effect induces significant variations in the S1 and S2 parameters, which directly reflect changes in the linear birefringence of the LiNbO3 crystal. This work provides a comprehensive theoretical and experimental basis for the development of high-performance LiNbO3-based optical sensors, which hold promising prospects in electromagnetic field monitoring, optoelectronic device manufacturing, and integrated photonics systems.
本研究重点研究了基于铌酸锂(LiNbO3)的双场传感器的性能优化,该传感器采用1550 nm圆偏振光和偏振计进行电场和磁场检测。主要目的是充分利用LiNbO3的固有电光(Pockels效应)和磁光(Faraday效应)特性,建立Stokes参数与外加电场/磁场之间的定量校正。利用1550 nm圆偏振光激发128°y切LiNbO3晶体,实现了场致极化态跃迁的系统跟踪。利用偏振计实时捕获Stokes参数,详细表征了电场和磁场联合作用下的极化演化过程。实验结果表明,Stokes参数与电场强度呈线性关系,这与波克尔斯效应的理论预测一致。值得注意的是,S3参数——负责量化圆极化程度——对电场波动表现出明显的可测量的响应。在磁场检测中,法拉第效应引起了S1和S2参数的显著变化,这直接反映了LiNbO3晶体线性双折射的变化。该工作为开发高性能linbo3光传感器提供了全面的理论和实验基础,在电磁场监测、光电器件制造、集成光子学系统等方面具有广阔的应用前景。
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引用次数: 0
Structural diversity in dual-focused vortices via superposed spiral zone plates 通过叠加螺旋带板的双聚焦涡旋结构多样性
IF 2.5 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 OPTICS Pub Date : 2025-12-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.optcom.2025.132850
Huakui Hu , Jiangtao Ding , Yao Yu , Weifeng Wu , Guoping Shi , Huajie Xu , Hailiang Li
The orbital angular momentum inherent in optical vortex establishes them as a significant tool for physical research and material detection. However, conventional optical vortex can only perform spatially localized operations via a single phase singularity, fundamentally constraining its potential in applications demanding high-throughput, multi-target coordinated control. In this paper, by multiplying two spiral zone plates with different topological charges and focal lengths, we propose a single optical element, termed as superposed spiral zone plates (SSZPs), to generate dual-focus optical vortices along the optical axis. Theoretical analysis and experimental results confirm that the SSZPs can generate dual-focus optical vortices. At the first focus, the SSZPs produces conventional optical vortex, while at the second focus, it significantly broadens the types of vortex structures that can be generated, such as the flower-shaped optical vortex lattice, annular lattice vortex, or vortex twins. Furthermore, systematic investigations were conducted on the excitation conditions of multiplexed optical vortex states and the quantitative relationship between lattice configurations and topological charges. The unique characteristics of the proposed SSZPs make it attractive for many applications such as particle trapping and optical communication.
光学涡旋固有的轨道角动量使其成为物理研究和材料检测的重要工具。然而,传统的光学涡旋只能通过单相奇点进行空间定位操作,从根本上限制了其在高通量、多目标协调控制应用中的潜力。本文通过将两个具有不同拓扑电荷和焦距的螺旋带片进行叠加,我们提出了一种称为叠加螺旋带片(SSZPs)的光学元件,可以沿光轴产生双焦光学漩涡。理论分析和实验结果证实,SSZPs可以产生双焦光学涡流。在第一个焦点上,SSZPs产生传统的光学涡旋,而在第二个焦点上,它显著拓宽了可以产生的涡旋结构的类型,如花形光学涡旋晶格、环形晶格涡旋或双涡旋。此外,系统地研究了多路光涡旋态的激发条件以及晶格构型与拓扑电荷之间的定量关系。所提出的SSZPs的独特特性使其在诸如粒子捕获和光通信等许多应用中具有吸引力。
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引用次数: 0
Research on free-form ultraviolet spectrometer based on intensified scientific CMOS 基于强化型科学CMOS的自由形式紫外光谱仪研究
IF 2.5 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 OPTICS Pub Date : 2025-12-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.optcom.2025.132849
Lu Wang, Bin Xue, Song Guo, Yinghong He, Zhexin Duan, Xingfeng Wang, Shihao Xu, Jianfeng Yang, Yiyi Zhao
For low-light and high-resolution spectral applications, intensified scientific CMOS(IsCMOS) are often adopted to improve signal-to-noise ratio, but their influence on system performance has not been systematically characterized, making it difficult to ensure design-level performance. In this work, we propose a combined optical–algorithmic approach to ensure both resolution and throughput in ultraviolet spectroscopy. A freeform Czerny–Turner spectrometer incorporating an IsCMOS detector was designed and implemented, achieving a target resolution of 0.1 nm across the 250–310 nm range. By replacing spherical mirrors with freeform reflective surfaces, the numerical aperture was increased by 3.2×, significantly enhancing light collection efficiency while maintaining the designed resolution. However, experimental measurements revealed that the IsCMOS introduced spectral broadening and peak drift. And these degradations were strongly gain-dependent and were attributed to variations in electron trajectories at the microchannel plate output. To address this issue, a non-blind deconvolution method was applied to compensate for the spectral broadening and drift, successfully restoring the system resolution to 0.1 nm across the full spectral range. This study, for the first time, systematically characterizes the gain-dependent effects of IsCMOS, providing new insights and guidance for the calibration of precision ultraviolet spectrometers.
在低光和高分辨率光谱应用中,通常采用增强型科学CMOS(IsCMOS)来提高信噪比,但其对系统性能的影响尚未系统表征,难以保证设计级性能。在这项工作中,我们提出了一种结合光学算法的方法,以确保紫外光谱的分辨率和吞吐量。设计并实现了一种结合IsCMOS探测器的自由形状切尔尼-特纳光谱仪,在250-310 nm范围内实现了0.1 nm的目标分辨率。通过用自由曲面反射面代替球面反射镜,数值孔径增加了3.2倍,在保持设计分辨率的前提下,显著提高了光收集效率。然而,实验测量表明,IsCMOS引入了光谱展宽和峰漂移。这些退化是强烈的增益依赖,并归因于在微通道板输出电子轨迹的变化。为了解决这个问题,采用非盲反褶积方法来补偿光谱展宽和漂移,成功地在全光谱范围内将系统分辨率恢复到0.1 nm。本研究首次系统表征了IsCMOS的增益依赖效应,为精密紫外光谱仪的标定提供了新的见解和指导。
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引用次数: 0
Optimizing defect parameters to boost performance of MAFASnBrI3/ CsFASnBrI3 double absorber layer solar cell 优化缺陷参数提高maasnbri3 / CsFASnBrI3双吸收层太阳能电池性能
IF 2.5 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 OPTICS Pub Date : 2025-12-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.optcom.2025.132847
Ravi Pushkar , Amit Prakash , Raushan Kumar
Perovskite materials have emerged as highly promising candidates in solar energy conversion owing to their remarkable optoelectronic properties, affordability, high efficiency potential, and lightweight characteristics. In this study, we explore a novel device configuration modeled using AFORS-HET, introducing a Pb-free double absorber layer system composed of MAFASnBrI3 and CsFASnBrI3, along with Ce-ZnO2 as the window layer, CeMnO2 as the electron transport layer (ETL) and BaSi2 as the hole transport layer (HTL). Our investigation reveals that dual absorber layer perovskite solar cell (DALPSC) outperforms traditional single-absorber devices, with further efficiency improvements observed when integrating a suitable HTL. We conducted an in-depth analysis of how various factors including layer thickness, dopant concentration, and trap interface defect levels affect key electrical performance metrics such as short-circuit current (JSC), open-circuit voltage (VOC), fill factor (FF), and power conversion efficiency (PCE). Additionally, the effects of temperature, quantum efficiency (QE), and J–V behavior were carefully assessed. Among the simulated configurations, single-absorber designs (Ag/FTO/CeZnO2/CeMnO2/MAFASnBrI3//BaSi2/Au) achieved maximum efficiencies of 28.74 %. Further with employing CsFASnBrI3 as the absorber-2 attained an efficiency of 29.39 %, an Voc of 1380 mV, a FF of 88.38 %, and a JSC of 24.09 mA/cm2. The proposed Ag/FTO/CeZnO2/CeMnO2/MAFASnBrI3/CsFASnBrI3/BaSi2/Au solar cell benefits from enhanced charge carrier separation, better material stability, and reduced environmental concerns due to the exclusion of lead. The combined effect between its dual absorber layers and tailored energy band alignment leads to effective light harvesting and minimized carrier recombination, contributing to high efficiency, eco-friendly solar energy solutions.
钙钛矿材料由于其卓越的光电性能、可负担性、高效率潜力和轻量化特性而成为太阳能转换领域非常有前途的候选者。在本研究中,我们利用AFORS-HET模型探索了一种新的器件结构,引入了由MAFASnBrI3和CsFASnBrI3组成的无铅双吸收层体系,其中Ce-ZnO2为窗口层,CeMnO2为电子传输层(ETL), BaSi2为空穴传输层(HTL)。我们的研究表明,双吸收层钙钛矿太阳能电池(DALPSC)优于传统的单吸收层设备,当集成合适的HTL时,可以进一步提高效率。我们深入分析了各种因素,包括层厚度、掺杂剂浓度和陷阱界面缺陷水平如何影响关键的电气性能指标,如短路电流(JSC)、开路电压(VOC)、填充因子(FF)和功率转换效率(PCE)。此外,还仔细评估了温度、量子效率(QE)和J-V行为的影响。在模拟的结构中,单吸收器设计(Ag/FTO/CeZnO2/CeMnO2/MAFASnBrI3//BaSi2/Au)的效率最高,达到28.74%。进一步采用CsFASnBrI3作为吸收剂,吸收效率为29.39%,Voc为1380 mV, FF为88.38%,JSC为24.09 mA/cm2。所提出的Ag/FTO/CeZnO2/CeMnO2/MAFASnBrI3/CsFASnBrI3/BaSi2/Au太阳能电池具有增强的载流子分离,更好的材料稳定性以及由于排除铅而减少的环境问题等优点。双吸收层和定制的能带排列之间的综合效应导致有效的光收集和最小化载流子重组,有助于高效,环保的太阳能解决方案。
{"title":"Optimizing defect parameters to boost performance of MAFASnBrI3/ CsFASnBrI3 double absorber layer solar cell","authors":"Ravi Pushkar ,&nbsp;Amit Prakash ,&nbsp;Raushan Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.optcom.2025.132847","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optcom.2025.132847","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Perovskite materials have emerged as highly promising candidates in solar energy conversion owing to their remarkable optoelectronic properties, affordability, high efficiency potential, and lightweight characteristics. In this study, we explore a novel device configuration modeled using AFORS-HET, introducing a Pb-free double absorber layer system composed of MAFASnBrI<sub>3</sub> and CsFASnBrI<sub>3</sub>, along with Ce-ZnO<sub>2</sub> as the window layer, CeMnO<sub>2</sub> as the electron transport layer (ETL) and BaSi<sub>2</sub> as the hole transport layer (HTL). Our investigation reveals that dual absorber layer perovskite solar cell (DALPSC) outperforms traditional single-absorber devices, with further efficiency improvements observed when integrating a suitable HTL. We conducted an in-depth analysis of how various factors including layer thickness, dopant concentration, and trap interface defect levels affect key electrical performance metrics such as short-circuit current (J<sub>SC</sub>), open-circuit voltage (V<sub>OC</sub>), fill factor (FF), and power conversion efficiency (PCE). Additionally, the effects of temperature, quantum efficiency (QE), and J–V behavior were carefully assessed. Among the simulated configurations, single-absorber designs (Ag/FTO/CeZnO<sub>2</sub>/CeMnO<sub>2</sub>/MAFASnBrI<sub>3</sub>//BaSi<sub>2</sub>/Au) achieved maximum efficiencies of 28.74 %. Further with employing CsFASnBrI<sub>3</sub> as the absorber-2 attained an efficiency of 29.39 %, an V<sub>oc</sub> of 1380 mV, a FF of 88.38 %, and a J<sub>SC</sub> of 24.09 mA/cm<sup>2</sup>. The proposed Ag/FTO/CeZnO<sub>2</sub>/CeMnO<sub>2</sub>/MAFASnBrI<sub>3</sub>/CsFASnBrI<sub>3</sub>/BaSi<sub>2</sub>/Au solar cell benefits from enhanced charge carrier separation, better material stability, and reduced environmental concerns due to the exclusion of lead. The combined effect between its dual absorber layers and tailored energy band alignment leads to effective light harvesting and minimized carrier recombination, contributing to high efficiency, eco-friendly solar energy solutions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19586,"journal":{"name":"Optics Communications","volume":"604 ","pages":"Article 132847"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145886138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Enhancing multispectral image demosaicking from MSFA sensors using a triangular structure-aware bilinear interpolation: Application to one-shot and multi-shot systems 利用三角结构感知双线性插值增强MSFA传感器的多光谱图像去马赛克:在单镜头和多镜头系统中的应用
IF 2.5 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 OPTICS Pub Date : 2025-12-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.optcom.2025.132842
Jean Yves Aristide Yao , Kacoutchy Jean Ayikpa , Pierre Gouton , Tiemoman Kone
Multispectral imaging enables detailed material analysis by capturing multiple spectral bands. Conventional systems acquire each band at full resolution but are costly and slow. Compact one-shot multispectral filter array (MSFA) sensors offer a practical alternative, capturing subsampled spectral mosaics that require demosaicking to recover full-resolution images. However, traditional spatial interpolation methods such as Weighted Bilinear (WB) and BTES often introduce blurring or directional artifacts in regions with strong spatial variation. To address these limitations, we introduce Triangular Structure-aware Bilinear Interpolation (TriSBI), a geometry-driven spatial method designed to better preserve edges and textured structures in MSFA mosaics. While TriSBI improves over WB and BTES, the severe undersampling inherent to one-shot MSFA sensors still restricts any spatial method's ability to reconstruct sharp transitions and fine details. Motivated by this constraint, we adopt a multi-shot acquisition strategy with controlled subpixel shifts, increasing the sampling density of each spectral band. This enhanced sampling strengthens spatial correlations and allows TriSBI to deliver sharper reconstructions in contour-rich and highly textured regions. Beyond its standalone performance, TriSBI also provides a stronger spatial foundation for spectral–spatial demosaicking. Its integration into Spectral Difference (SD) and Iterative Spectral Difference (ISD) improves inter-band correlation modeling and yields clearer reconstructions of complex structures compared to WB-based baselines. Experiments on the CAVE and TokyoTech datasets show consistent improvements in PSNR, SSIM, and SAM for both one-shot and multi-shot configurations, demonstrating the effectiveness of combining geometry-aware spatial interpolation with enhanced acquisition strategies for MSFA-based multispectral imaging.
多光谱成像通过捕获多个光谱带实现详细的材料分析。传统系统以全分辨率获取每个波段,但成本高且速度慢。紧凑的单镜头多光谱滤波阵列(MSFA)传感器提供了一种实用的替代方案,捕获需要去马赛克才能恢复全分辨率图像的亚采样光谱马赛克。然而,传统的空间插值方法,如加权双线性(WB)和BTES,往往会在空间变化较大的区域引入模糊或定向伪影。为了解决这些限制,我们引入了三角结构感知双线性插值(TriSBI),这是一种几何驱动的空间方法,旨在更好地保留MSFA马赛克中的边缘和纹理结构。虽然TriSBI在WB和BTES的基础上有所改进,但单次MSFA传感器固有的严重欠采样仍然限制了任何空间方法重建尖锐过渡和精细细节的能力。在此约束下,我们采用了控制亚像素偏移的多镜头采集策略,增加了每个光谱带的采样密度。这种增强的采样增强了空间相关性,使TriSBI能够在轮廓丰富和高度纹理化的区域提供更清晰的重建。除了其独立的性能,TriSBI还为光谱空间解马赛克提供了更强大的空间基础。它与谱差(SD)和迭代谱差(ISD)的集成改进了带间相关建模,与基于wb的基线相比,可以更清晰地重建复杂结构。在CAVE和TokyoTech数据集上的实验表明,在单镜头和多镜头配置下,PSNR、SSIM和SAM都有一致的改善,证明了将几何感知空间插值与基于msfa的多光谱成像增强获取策略相结合的有效性。
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引用次数: 0
Experimental study of the nanoscale gold Ohmic Contact's for prospective infrared detectors on a p-type HgCdTe p型HgCdTe准红外探测器用纳米金欧姆接触的实验研究
IF 2.5 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 OPTICS Pub Date : 2025-12-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.optcom.2025.132846
Shailendra Kumar Gaur , Qasim Murtaza , R.S. Mishra
The HgCdTe surface had been grown with small layers of gold using thermal evaporation and an e-beam process. The thermal and e-beam evaporated gold film exhibits a cubic face-centered cubic (fcc) structure along the (111) orientation, possesses favorable The thermally evaporated Au film's crystalline structural parameters such as defect density, residual stress, and microstrain were 1.8 x 1015-2.04 × 1015 lines/cm2, 0.24–0.26 GPa, 4.74–4.99, respectively while e-beam Au film's defect density, residual stress, and microstrain were 1.27 x 1011-1.79 × 1011 lines/cm2, 0.02–0.31 GPa, and 3.94–4.67, respectively. The e-beam evaporated Au film had been the purest thin film with atomic 97.2 %. The e-beam gold film's uniformity, density, and extremely low roughness are confirmed by the AFM. The e-beam gold film's film-forming particles reached the appropriate lower grain size compared to the thermal gold film. We used nanoindentation to compare the hardness, Young's modulus, strain rate, and creep behavior of the thermal and e-beam evaporated gold films. The hardness and Young's modulus of the thermal and e-beam gold films were calculated to be 1.02–1.24 GPa & 90.53–102.02 GPa and 0.39–1.94 GPa & 76.31–155.20 GPa, respectively, at a load of 20–50 μN. The transmission line model (TLM) structure with pattern (Au/p-HgCdTe) was fabricated using the optimal gold films that were first established. In comparison to the thermally evaporated gold film (ρc = 1.1 × 10−2 Ωcm2), the e-beam evaporated TLM structure yielded a more Ohmic gold-contact with a small contact resistivity (ρc = 7.3 × 10−3 Ωcm2). Therefore, to manufacture HgCdTe infrared detectors, e-beam-evaporated gold thin films might be utilized to provide an attractive and suitable Ohmic p-contact.
利用热蒸发和电子束工艺,在HgCdTe表面生长了小层金。热蒸发金膜和电子束蒸发金膜的缺陷密度、残余应力和微应变分别为1.8 × 1015 ~ 2.04 × 1015 lines/cm2、0.24 ~ 0.26 GPa、4.74 ~ 4.99,而电子束蒸发金膜的缺陷密度、残余应力和微应变分别为1.27 × 1011 ~ 1.79 × 1011 lines/cm2、0.02 ~ 0.31 GPa和3.94 ~ 4.67。分别。电子束蒸发的Au薄膜纯度最高,原子含量为97.2%。原子力显微镜证实了电子束金膜的均匀性、密度和极低的粗糙度。与热金膜相比,电子束金膜的成膜颗粒达到了合适的低晶粒尺寸。我们使用纳米压痕比较了热和电子束蒸发金薄膜的硬度、杨氏模量、应变率和蠕变行为。在20 ~ 50 μN载荷下,热束金膜的硬度为1.02 ~ 1.24 GPa,杨氏模量为90.53 ~ 102.02 GPa,杨氏模量为0.39 ~ 1.94 GPa,杨氏模量为76.31 ~ 155.20 GPa。利用首次建立的最优金膜制备了图案为Au/p-HgCdTe的传输线模型(TLM)结构。与热蒸发金膜(ρc = 1.1 × 10−2 Ωcm2)相比,电子束蒸发TLM结构的接触电阻率(ρc = 7.3 × 10−3 Ωcm2)更小,欧姆更大。因此,为了制造HgCdTe红外探测器,电子束蒸发金薄膜可以提供一个有吸引力的和合适的欧姆p接触。
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Optics Communications
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