This paper employs an independent source to enhance passive state preparation continuous-variable quantum key distribution. In contrast to the original passive state protocol, the entanglement source is controlled by an untrustworthy third party, Charlie, rather than the sender. Alice and Bob are individually connected to Charlie through insecure channels. Moreover, the asymptotic key and finite-size analysis are used to evaluate the security of the proposed protocol. We also examine this protocol in one and two-dimensional scenarios. The simulation shows that one-dimensional protocol can significantly increase the maximum transmission distance. However, it is crucial to exercise caution when implementing two-dimensional protocol in practical settings, as the performance profile of two-dimensional protocol is intricately linked to the communication pinch angle and the location of the entanglement source.
{"title":"Passive-state preparation continuous-variable quantum key distribution with an independent source","authors":"Leixin Wu , Lingtao Zhang , Yanyan Feng , Jian Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.optcom.2025.131536","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optcom.2025.131536","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper employs an independent source to enhance passive state preparation continuous-variable quantum key distribution. In contrast to the original passive state protocol, the entanglement source is controlled by an untrustworthy third party, Charlie, rather than the sender. Alice and Bob are individually connected to Charlie through insecure channels. Moreover, the asymptotic key and finite-size analysis are used to evaluate the security of the proposed protocol. We also examine this protocol in one and two-dimensional scenarios. The simulation shows that one-dimensional protocol can significantly increase the maximum transmission distance. However, it is crucial to exercise caution when implementing two-dimensional protocol in practical settings, as the performance profile of two-dimensional protocol is intricately linked to the communication pinch angle and the location of the entanglement source.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19586,"journal":{"name":"Optics Communications","volume":"579 ","pages":"Article 131536"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143159933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-25DOI: 10.1016/j.optcom.2025.131544
Dakshin Tillo, J. Solomon Ivan
A method to estimate the object phase as well as the field phase through in-line multiple transverse plane intensity measurements is demonstrated, with no requirement for a reference field. A twinning mechanism to estimate the object phase while simultaneously estimating the phase of the light field (field phase) at any plane before and after the object is outlined. The twinning mechanism is illustrated through its implementation on a Gerchberg–Saxton (GS) type algorithm. A forward propagating GS-type algorithm is twinned with a backward propagating GS-type algorithm, through an intersection occurring at the object plane. The efficacy of the algorithm is demonstrated through comparison with a standard interferometric method on numerically generated intensities corresponding to random as well as dislocated phase objects. It is seen that for low noise conditions, the fidelity of the retrieved object phase, is comparable to that obtained through the interferometric method. Estimation of the object, as well as the field phase, is experimentally demonstrated through the twinned GS-type algorithm on both random as well as dislocated phase objects.
{"title":"Estimating object and field phase through in-line intensity measurements using a twinning algorithm","authors":"Dakshin Tillo, J. Solomon Ivan","doi":"10.1016/j.optcom.2025.131544","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optcom.2025.131544","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A method to estimate the object phase as well as the field phase through in-line multiple transverse plane intensity measurements is demonstrated, with no requirement for a reference field. A twinning mechanism to estimate the object phase while simultaneously estimating the phase of the light field<!--> <!-->(field phase) at any plane before and after the object is outlined. The twinning mechanism is illustrated through its implementation on a Gerchberg–Saxton<!--> <!-->(GS) type algorithm. A forward propagating GS-type algorithm is twinned with a backward propagating GS-type algorithm, through an intersection occurring at the object plane. The efficacy of the algorithm is demonstrated through comparison with a standard interferometric method on numerically generated intensities corresponding to random as well as dislocated phase objects. It is seen that for low noise conditions, the fidelity of the retrieved object phase, is comparable to that obtained through the interferometric method. Estimation of the object, as well as the field phase, is experimentally demonstrated through the twinned GS-type algorithm on both random as well as dislocated phase objects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19586,"journal":{"name":"Optics Communications","volume":"579 ","pages":"Article 131544"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143159006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We demonstrate continuous-wave (CW) and pulsed laser based on Pr:YLF crystal at 522 nm in this work. In actively Q-switched operation, an acousto-optic modulator (AOM) is used as a modulation switch, a pulsed laser with a tunable repetition rate from 2 kHz to 50 kHz is obtained. The performance of the lasers at different repetition rates is compared at a maximum absorbed pump power of 12.47 W. The maximum average output power, maximum peak power and single pulse energy at the repetition rate of 2 kHz are 258 mW, 3146.3 W, and 129 μJ, respectively, which, to the best of our knowledge, are the maximum values of Q-switched laser at 522 nm reported so far. The power fluctuations at the repetition rates of 2 kHz, 20 kHz and 50 kHz are 4.7%, 4%, 5.8%, respectively. The beam quality factors M2 at repetition rate of 2 kHz are 1.83 (x) and 1.97 (y), respectively.
{"title":"High peak power and pulse energy Pr:YLF green laser using active Q-switching","authors":"Wei Yuan , Rongfei Huang , Huiying Xu , Zhiping Cai","doi":"10.1016/j.optcom.2025.131571","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optcom.2025.131571","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We demonstrate continuous-wave (CW) and pulsed laser based on Pr:YLF crystal at 522 nm in this work. In actively Q-switched operation, an acousto-optic modulator (AOM) is used as a modulation switch, a pulsed laser with a tunable repetition rate from 2 kHz to 50 kHz is obtained. The performance of the lasers at different repetition rates is compared at a maximum absorbed pump power of 12.47 W. The maximum average output power, maximum peak power and single pulse energy at the repetition rate of 2 kHz are 258 mW, 3146.3 W, and 129 μJ, respectively, which, to the best of our knowledge, are the maximum values of Q-switched laser at 522 nm reported so far. The power fluctuations at the repetition rates of 2 kHz, 20 kHz and 50 kHz are 4.7%, 4%, 5.8%, respectively. The beam quality factors M<sup>2</sup> at repetition rate of 2 kHz are 1.83 (x) and 1.97 (y), respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19586,"journal":{"name":"Optics Communications","volume":"579 ","pages":"Article 131571"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143159374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-25DOI: 10.1016/j.optcom.2025.131545
Meitong Dong , Huiqin Wang , Haoji Yang , Nanrun Zhou , Cuicui Lu , Heqing Xu , Zijing Zhang
We propose a method to design multi-character logic gates, where the method of moving asymptotes (MMA) is used to design logic device unit structures, and then multi-character logic gates are constructed by integrating these basic logic units. With this approach, we successfully designed three-character AND and OR gates with dimensions of 2 μm × 3 μm, as well as four-character AND and OR gates with dimensions of 2 μm × 4 μm. The results show that the maximal contrast ratio of the three-character AND gate is 19.411 at wavelengths from 950 nm to 1600 nm, and the three-character OR gate achieves a maximal contrast ratio of 12.551 at wavelengths from 1200 nm to 1600 nm. For the four-character AND gate, the maximal contrast ratio is 9.269 at wavelengths from 950 nm to 1550 nm, while the four-character OR gate reaches a maximal contrast ratio of 17.754 at wavelengths from 1000 nm to 1600 nm. Compared to traditional binary logic gates, our multi-character logic gates achieve logical states directly without needing control ports, reducing design complexity and enhancing performance. These innovative logic gates have broad application prospects in future digital system designs.
{"title":"Ultra-broadband multi-character logic gates integrated by inverse designed logic units","authors":"Meitong Dong , Huiqin Wang , Haoji Yang , Nanrun Zhou , Cuicui Lu , Heqing Xu , Zijing Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.optcom.2025.131545","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optcom.2025.131545","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We propose a method to design multi-character logic gates, where the method of moving asymptotes (MMA) is used to design logic device unit structures, and then multi-character logic gates are constructed by integrating these basic logic units. With this approach, we successfully designed three-character AND and OR gates with dimensions of 2 μm × 3 μm, as well as four-character AND and OR gates with dimensions of 2 μm × 4 μm. The results show that the maximal contrast ratio of the three-character AND gate is 19.411 at wavelengths from 950 nm to 1600 nm, and the three-character OR gate achieves a maximal contrast ratio of 12.551 at wavelengths from 1200 nm to 1600 nm. For the four-character AND gate, the maximal contrast ratio is 9.269 at wavelengths from 950 nm to 1550 nm, while the four-character OR gate reaches a maximal contrast ratio of 17.754 at wavelengths from 1000 nm to 1600 nm. Compared to traditional binary logic gates, our multi-character logic gates achieve logical states directly without needing control ports, reducing design complexity and enhancing performance. These innovative logic gates have broad application prospects in future digital system designs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19586,"journal":{"name":"Optics Communications","volume":"579 ","pages":"Article 131545"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143159008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-25DOI: 10.1016/j.optcom.2025.131570
He Di , Lie Liu , Ya-Nan Zhao , Hong-Lin Wen , Ying-Ying Li , Chun-Yang Ma , Jia-Yu Huo , Ge Wu , Bo Gao
Continuous-wave (CW) induced resonance spectral sidebands, a novel type of sub-sideband, are asymmetrically located around the CW. Their emergence has enriched the complex spectral dynamics. However, the fundamental research on these sidebands coexisting with solitons is still in its infancy, and the exploration of soliton dynamics could potentially advance this field. In this study, we introduced the Sagnac loop into the nonlinear polarization rotation (NPR) mode-locked fiber laser to form a hybrid mode-locked structure. We found that the Sagnac loop can effectively narrow the soliton spectrum. In the experiment, we obtained the result of the four-wavelength soliton spectrum coexisting with the CW sidebands, which has not been reported in previous literature. These findings have not only enriched our understanding of the diverse spectral dynamics of fiber lasers but also laid a foundation for studying CW-induced generation of resonant sidebands in a multi-wavelength mode-locked regime, hinting at the untapped potential of fiber lasers.
{"title":"Multi-wavelength coexisting with the continuous wave-induced resonant spectral sidebands in a hybrid mode-locked fiber laser","authors":"He Di , Lie Liu , Ya-Nan Zhao , Hong-Lin Wen , Ying-Ying Li , Chun-Yang Ma , Jia-Yu Huo , Ge Wu , Bo Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.optcom.2025.131570","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optcom.2025.131570","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Continuous-wave (CW) induced resonance spectral sidebands, a novel type of sub-sideband, are asymmetrically located around the CW. Their emergence has enriched the complex spectral dynamics. However, the fundamental research on these sidebands coexisting with solitons is still in its infancy, and the exploration of soliton dynamics could potentially advance this field. In this study, we introduced the Sagnac loop into the nonlinear polarization rotation (NPR) mode-locked fiber laser to form a hybrid mode-locked structure. We found that the Sagnac loop can effectively narrow the soliton spectrum. In the experiment, we obtained the result of the four-wavelength soliton spectrum coexisting with the CW sidebands, which has not been reported in previous literature. These findings have not only enriched our understanding of the diverse spectral dynamics of fiber lasers but also laid a foundation for studying CW-induced generation of resonant sidebands in a multi-wavelength mode-locked regime, hinting at the untapped potential of fiber lasers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19586,"journal":{"name":"Optics Communications","volume":"579 ","pages":"Article 131570"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143159014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-25DOI: 10.1016/j.optcom.2025.131569
Dongye Xu , Zehui Lu , Yifan Wang , Haifeng Liu , Shaoxiang Duan , Wei Lin , Hao Zhang , Changjin Li , Bo Liu
We demonstrate the propagation dynamics of autofocusing Mathieu vortex beams (AFMVBs) through atmospheric turbulence in this work. The multi-phase screen framework has been relied on to model turbulent atmosphere. For better evaluation, a series of assessment approaches are proposed to quantify the transmission performance of the beams in free space optical links. The simulation results indicate that beam quality degrades with increasing propagation distance and turbulence strength, but it exhibits a fascinating selectivity in the correlation between beam orders and different performance metrics. This study would pave new avenues for potential application of autofocusing beams in optical communication.
{"title":"Propagation dynamics of autofocusing Mathieu vortex beams through atmospheric turbulence","authors":"Dongye Xu , Zehui Lu , Yifan Wang , Haifeng Liu , Shaoxiang Duan , Wei Lin , Hao Zhang , Changjin Li , Bo Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.optcom.2025.131569","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optcom.2025.131569","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We demonstrate the propagation dynamics of autofocusing Mathieu vortex beams (AFMVBs) through atmospheric turbulence in this work. The multi-phase screen framework has been relied on to model turbulent atmosphere. For better evaluation, a series of assessment approaches are proposed to quantify the transmission performance of the beams in free space optical links. The simulation results indicate that beam quality degrades with increasing propagation distance and turbulence strength, but it exhibits a fascinating selectivity in the correlation between beam orders and different performance metrics. This study would pave new avenues for potential application of autofocusing beams in optical communication.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19586,"journal":{"name":"Optics Communications","volume":"579 ","pages":"Article 131569"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143159737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-24DOI: 10.1016/j.optcom.2025.131558
Asadul Islam Shimul , Avijit Ghosh , Md Aliahsan Bappy , Md Baharul Islam , Samar O. Aljazzar , Jehan Y. Al-Humaidi , Yousef E. Mukhrish
Perovskite solar cells mark a breakthrough in photovoltaic technology, attributed to their excellent optoelectronic characteristics, adjustable band gaps, and simplistic fabrication processes. Cesium-based perovskites have been the focus of research into lead-free substitutes, with CsSnBr3 emerging as a noteworthy contender for application as an absorber layer in solar cells. This study employed the Cambridge Serial Total Energy Package (CASTEP) to conduct density functional theory (DFT) calculations to examine the optical, electronic, and structural properties of cubic CsSnBr3. In CASTEP, the GGA-PBE approach was employed to determine the band gap (Eg) of CsSnBr3, which was determined to be 0.614 eV. Upon analyzing the electronic charge density map, it was determined that the Br-4d orbital is the primary factor influencing the density of states (DOS), with charge accumulation predominantly around the Br atom. Different CsSnBr3-based device structures were modeled in SCAPS-1D to investigate photovoltaic efficiency, while the optical characteristics were investigated to evaluate the material's optical response. Configurations included PFN:Br as the ETL and evaluated four organic HTLs: GO, PTAA, PEDOT:PSS, and P3HT, with the objective of identifying optimal ETL/CsSnBr3/HTL combinations. The simulation results indicated that the device architecture ITO/PFN:Br/CsSnBr3/P3HT/Ni attained the highest photoconversion efficiency of 24.01% among the configurations evaluated. The research evaluated the impact of varying absorber, ETL, and HTL thicknesses; doping levels; interface defects; series resistance; shunt resistance; and operating temperature on device performance. Performance indicators were assessed using current density-voltage and quantum efficiency analysis. The outcomes of SCAPS-1D simulations were corroborated by comparing them with wxAMPS results.
{"title":"Numerical insights into CsSnBr3 perovskite solar cells: Evaluating organic charge transport layers using DFT, SCAPS-1D, and wxAMPS simulations","authors":"Asadul Islam Shimul , Avijit Ghosh , Md Aliahsan Bappy , Md Baharul Islam , Samar O. Aljazzar , Jehan Y. Al-Humaidi , Yousef E. Mukhrish","doi":"10.1016/j.optcom.2025.131558","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optcom.2025.131558","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Perovskite solar cells mark a breakthrough in photovoltaic technology, attributed to their excellent optoelectronic characteristics, adjustable band gaps, and simplistic fabrication processes. Cesium-based perovskites have been the focus of research into lead-free substitutes, with CsSnBr<sub>3</sub> emerging as a noteworthy contender for application as an absorber layer in solar cells. This study employed the Cambridge Serial Total Energy Package (CASTEP) to conduct density functional theory (DFT) calculations to examine the optical, electronic, and structural properties of cubic CsSnBr<sub>3</sub>. In CASTEP, the GGA-PBE approach was employed to determine the band gap (E<sub>g</sub>) of CsSnBr<sub>3</sub>, which was determined to be 0.614 eV. Upon analyzing the electronic charge density map, it was determined that the Br-4d orbital is the primary factor influencing the density of states (DOS), with charge accumulation predominantly around the Br atom. Different CsSnBr<sub>3</sub>-based device structures were modeled in SCAPS-1D to investigate photovoltaic efficiency, while the optical characteristics were investigated to evaluate the material's optical response. Configurations included PFN:Br as the ETL and evaluated four organic HTLs: GO, PTAA, PEDOT:PSS, and P3HT, with the objective of identifying optimal ETL/CsSnBr<sub>3</sub>/HTL combinations. The simulation results indicated that the device architecture ITO/PFN:Br/CsSnBr<sub>3</sub>/P3HT/Ni attained the highest photoconversion efficiency of 24.01% among the configurations evaluated. The research evaluated the impact of varying absorber, ETL, and HTL thicknesses; doping levels; interface defects; series resistance; shunt resistance; and operating temperature on device performance. Performance indicators were assessed using current density-voltage and quantum efficiency analysis. The outcomes of SCAPS-1D simulations were corroborated by comparing them with wxAMPS results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19586,"journal":{"name":"Optics Communications","volume":"579 ","pages":"Article 131558"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143159946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-24DOI: 10.1016/j.optcom.2025.131556
J. Campbell , M.A. Cahoon , M. Gachich , B. Meehan , M. Norlander , A.R. Pietros , M. Jercinovic , T.W. Hawkins , J. Ballato , P.D. Dragic
In recent years, the scalability of erbium-doped fiber (EDF) towards high power (kW) lasing in amplifiers has been constrained, in part, by modern methods which insufficiently improve the solubility of Er3+ ions in silicate glass. Without adequately declustering the ions, they are likely to interact non-radiatively with increasing concentration, resulting in lower gain and output power. Finding a new means for improving the solubility of erbium ions in silicate fiber would create opportunities to break decades-old benchmarks in fiber amplifiers and lasers. This work compares six EDFs fabricated via a novel doping method utilizing precursors that contain nanoparticles comprising Ba:Er fluorides. These fluorides oxidize during fiber fabrication, rendering a baria-rich environment in the vicinity of the erbium ions-. Through a combination of both the nanoparticles and alumina contained in the precursor, average erbia densities as high as 2 wt.% are realized. Heavily doped fibers with quantum efficiencies up to 0.76 are demonstrated. Additionally, lasing efficiencies that match and even exceed commercial EDFs with similar or lower ion densities are presented. Whether the baria affects the solubility of the erbium ions and our current understanding of the fiber due to the doping process are discussed.
{"title":"Characterization of Er–Ba nanoparticle suspension-doped aluminosilicate optical fibers for 1550 nm amplification","authors":"J. Campbell , M.A. Cahoon , M. Gachich , B. Meehan , M. Norlander , A.R. Pietros , M. Jercinovic , T.W. Hawkins , J. Ballato , P.D. Dragic","doi":"10.1016/j.optcom.2025.131556","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optcom.2025.131556","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, the scalability of erbium-doped fiber (EDF) towards high power (kW) lasing in amplifiers has been constrained, in part, by modern methods which insufficiently improve the solubility of Er<sup>3+</sup> ions in silicate glass. Without adequately declustering the ions, they are likely to interact non-radiatively with increasing concentration, resulting in lower gain and output power. Finding a new means for improving the solubility of erbium ions in silicate fiber would create opportunities to break decades-old benchmarks in fiber amplifiers and lasers. This work compares six EDFs fabricated via a novel doping method utilizing precursors that contain nanoparticles comprising Ba:Er fluorides. These fluorides oxidize during fiber fabrication, rendering a baria-rich environment in the vicinity of the erbium ions-. Through a combination of both the nanoparticles and alumina contained in the precursor, average erbia densities as high as 2 wt.% are realized. Heavily doped fibers with quantum efficiencies up to 0.76 are demonstrated. Additionally, lasing efficiencies that match and even exceed commercial EDFs with similar or lower ion densities are presented. Whether the baria affects the solubility of the erbium ions and our current understanding of the fiber due to the doping process are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19586,"journal":{"name":"Optics Communications","volume":"579 ","pages":"Article 131556"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143222212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Germanene, a two-dimensional analogue of graphene, possesses remarkable characteristics such as high carrier mobility and enhanced stability, which have catalyzed extensive research endeavors in recent years. However, the nonlinear optical properties of germanene, particularly within the visible spectrum, have been scarcely explored in existing research. In this work, germanene nanosheets were prepared via a liquid-phase exfoliation method, followed by characterization of the nonlinear optical properties utilizing dual-arm detection technology. The results indicate that the saturation intensity and modulation depth at a wavelength of 640 nm are approximately 1.39 MW/cm2 and 12.83%, respectively. Leveraging these exceptional saturable absorption properties, we implemented germanene nanosheets as a saturable absorber in a Pr:YLF solid-state laser, achieving passively Q-switched signal output with a pulse width of 194.14 ns and a peak power of 1.89 W. The results substantiate the potential of germanene as a viable saturable absorber for applications in the visible light range.
{"title":"Blue LD pumped passively Q-switched Pr:YLF lasers generation using 2D germanene nanosheets","authors":"Junjie Yuan, Houwen Yang, Guowei Liu, Chuanrui Zhao, Zhengping Wang, Wenyong Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.optcom.2025.131547","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optcom.2025.131547","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Germanene, a two-dimensional analogue of graphene, possesses remarkable characteristics such as high carrier mobility and enhanced stability, which have catalyzed extensive research endeavors in recent years. However, the nonlinear optical properties of germanene, particularly within the visible spectrum, have been scarcely explored in existing research. In this work, germanene nanosheets were prepared via a liquid-phase exfoliation method, followed by characterization of the nonlinear optical properties utilizing dual-arm detection technology. The results indicate that the saturation intensity and modulation depth at a wavelength of 640 nm are approximately 1.39 MW/cm<sup>2</sup> and 12.83%, respectively. Leveraging these exceptional saturable absorption properties, we implemented germanene nanosheets as a saturable absorber in a Pr:YLF solid-state laser, achieving passively Q-switched signal output with a pulse width of 194.14 ns and a peak power of 1.89 W. The results substantiate the potential of germanene as a viable saturable absorber for applications in the visible light range.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19586,"journal":{"name":"Optics Communications","volume":"579 ","pages":"Article 131547"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143159017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-23DOI: 10.1016/j.optcom.2025.131557
E. Pavel
The angular resolution of telescope/refractor due to Type I diffracted photons is investigated. Indoor measurements of the angular resolution have reached 16.5 milliarcseconds, an improvement of 50 x towards diffraction limit. A novel concept is proposed to eliminate the seeing effects of atmospheric turbulence and to impulse the deep space investigations. Imaging through the atmosphere is improved by QCE image sensor due Type I diffracted photons with particle behavior. Sirius (α Canis Majoris) and Spica (α Virginis) passage measurements have indicated seeing conditions estimated at 11.4 milliarcseconds. The insensitivity of QCE image sensor to seeing conditions is analyzed and discussed.
{"title":"Applications of Type I diffracted photons in astronomical imaging and the insensitivity of QCE image sensor to atmospheric turbulence","authors":"E. Pavel","doi":"10.1016/j.optcom.2025.131557","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optcom.2025.131557","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The angular resolution of telescope/refractor due to Type I diffracted photons is investigated. Indoor measurements of the angular resolution have reached 16.5 milliarcseconds, an improvement of 50 x towards diffraction limit. A novel concept is proposed to eliminate the seeing effects of atmospheric turbulence and to impulse the deep space investigations. Imaging through the atmosphere is improved by QCE image sensor due Type I diffracted photons with particle behavior. Sirius (α Canis Majoris) and Spica (α Virginis) passage measurements have indicated seeing conditions estimated at 11.4 milliarcseconds. The insensitivity of QCE image sensor to seeing conditions is analyzed and discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19586,"journal":{"name":"Optics Communications","volume":"579 ","pages":"Article 131557"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143159345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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