O. Schipor, Laura-Bianca Bilius, Radu-Daniel Vatavu
We introduce WearSkill, a web application that implements personalized and interchangeable input for wearable computing. We outline functional and quality requirements for WearSkill and present the engineering details of its implementation using web technology. We emphasize the interchangeability of input modalities with various wearables, e.g., touch input on a smart ring vs. mid-air gestures of the hand wearing a smartwatch vs. voice input detected by the microphone from a pair of smartglasses, towards personalized input for users with various motor abilities. Our findings, from a study involving twenty-one people with motor impairments, show that WearSkill can provide accurate recommendations for personalized input modalities that match 85.3% with users' own preferences.
{"title":"WearSkill: personalized and interchangeable input with wearables for users with motor impairments","authors":"O. Schipor, Laura-Bianca Bilius, Radu-Daniel Vatavu","doi":"10.1145/3493612.3520455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3493612.3520455","url":null,"abstract":"We introduce WearSkill, a web application that implements personalized and interchangeable input for wearable computing. We outline functional and quality requirements for WearSkill and present the engineering details of its implementation using web technology. We emphasize the interchangeability of input modalities with various wearables, e.g., touch input on a smart ring vs. mid-air gestures of the hand wearing a smartwatch vs. voice input detected by the microphone from a pair of smartglasses, towards personalized input for users with various motor abilities. Our findings, from a study involving twenty-one people with motor impairments, show that WearSkill can provide accurate recommendations for personalized input modalities that match 85.3% with users' own preferences.","PeriodicalId":195975,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 19th International Web for All Conference","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121054303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents the research and the entrepreneurial journey behind Dytective. Dytective is a tool that combines machine learning and computer games to detect risk of dyslexia and ameliorate the symptoms of dyslexia through personalized exercises. It has been used over 325,000 times, becoming the most used dyslexia online screener for Spanish. Recently, this platform has been adopted by over 800 Spanish public schools in collaboration with Regional Governments.
{"title":"The story behind Dytective: how we brought research results on dyslexia and accessibility to spanish public schools","authors":"Luz Rello","doi":"10.1145/3493612.3520442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3493612.3520442","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the research and the entrepreneurial journey behind Dytective. Dytective is a tool that combines machine learning and computer games to detect risk of dyslexia and ameliorate the symptoms of dyslexia through personalized exercises. It has been used over 325,000 times, becoming the most used dyslexia online screener for Spanish. Recently, this platform has been adopted by over 800 Spanish public schools in collaboration with Regional Governments.","PeriodicalId":195975,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 19th International Web for All Conference","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130692310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The number of refugees worldwide has doubled in the past decade. Data shows a large percentage of refugees experience disabilities and mental health challenges, often exasperated by being exposed to violent and inhospitable conditions at different points in their journeys. There is a need to better understand the challenges that refugees with disabilities face in host countries to inform supportive policy, service, and technology solutions. In this paper, we report findings from interviews with six experts who serve refugees in the US. Participants described resources available to refugees with disabilities and how inadequate language and cultural support systems create barriers to accessing them. They also identified several directions for structural change, including access to comprehensive insurance coverage, early recognition of mental health challenges, and support for navigating the host country's complex healthcare system.
{"title":"\"I'm ok because I'm alive\": understanding socio-cultural accessibility barriers for refugees with disabilities in the US","authors":"Foad Hamidi, Zulekha Karachiwalla","doi":"10.1145/3493612.3520446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3493612.3520446","url":null,"abstract":"The number of refugees worldwide has doubled in the past decade. Data shows a large percentage of refugees experience disabilities and mental health challenges, often exasperated by being exposed to violent and inhospitable conditions at different points in their journeys. There is a need to better understand the challenges that refugees with disabilities face in host countries to inform supportive policy, service, and technology solutions. In this paper, we report findings from interviews with six experts who serve refugees in the US. Participants described resources available to refugees with disabilities and how inadequate language and cultural support systems create barriers to accessing them. They also identified several directions for structural change, including access to comprehensive insurance coverage, early recognition of mental health challenges, and support for navigating the host country's complex healthcare system.","PeriodicalId":195975,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 19th International Web for All Conference","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130722259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Idil Ece Trabzon, Furkan Yagiz, Elmas Eda Karadavut, Mahmoud Elhewahey, Sukru Eraslan, Y. Yeşilada, S. Harper
Web pages consist of different visual elements, such as menus, sidebar and highlighted textual content. Although previous research shows that such elements help sighted users to complete their tasks, they can easily be distractive to users who access pages in audio. In particular, for visually-disabled users who use screen readers, such elements can mean that they need to listen to clutter to reach the desired content. In our previous work, we show that experiential transcoding can address this problem where web pages are transcoded by considering user experience. Trending elements and their order of visit are first identified by analyzing the eye movements of sighted people with Scanpath Trend Analysis (STA) and then the web pages can be transcoded by removing non-trending elements and re-ordering the trending ones based on the order they are visited. In this paper, we present our ongoing work on the development of a framework to automate and support experiential transcoding.
{"title":"Framework for experiential transcoding of web pages with scanpath trend analysis","authors":"Idil Ece Trabzon, Furkan Yagiz, Elmas Eda Karadavut, Mahmoud Elhewahey, Sukru Eraslan, Y. Yeşilada, S. Harper","doi":"10.1145/3493612.3520450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3493612.3520450","url":null,"abstract":"Web pages consist of different visual elements, such as menus, sidebar and highlighted textual content. Although previous research shows that such elements help sighted users to complete their tasks, they can easily be distractive to users who access pages in audio. In particular, for visually-disabled users who use screen readers, such elements can mean that they need to listen to clutter to reach the desired content. In our previous work, we show that experiential transcoding can address this problem where web pages are transcoded by considering user experience. Trending elements and their order of visit are first identified by analyzing the eye movements of sighted people with Scanpath Trend Analysis (STA) and then the web pages can be transcoded by removing non-trending elements and re-ordering the trending ones based on the order they are visited. In this paper, we present our ongoing work on the development of a framework to automate and support experiential transcoding.","PeriodicalId":195975,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 19th International Web for All Conference","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125677027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The undeniable progress in Web Accessibility can be contrasted with the scant impact on its application to the real Web world. This problem is especially serious when the Web is the only way to obtain specific services. In some countries, fundamental procedures such as interaction with Administration, health services, or banks, can exclusively be accessed through the Web. This issue became even more evident during the COVID-19 pandemic, when a significant sector of the population that does not have access to the Internet experienced important barriers to manage their situation. In addition to the technical problems, the digital and gender divide, which have a decisive effect on accessibility and condition the exercise of civil rights, are often disregarded by Web Accessibility studies. In this talk we will present our work on the accessibility of Administration's websites and, in addition, we will discuss the need of considering non-technological accessibility barriers to find ways to alleviate them.
{"title":"Web accessibility and beyond in eGovernment: does web accessibility ensure accessibility to administration's websites?","authors":"J. Abascal","doi":"10.1145/3493612.3520443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3493612.3520443","url":null,"abstract":"The undeniable progress in Web Accessibility can be contrasted with the scant impact on its application to the real Web world. This problem is especially serious when the Web is the only way to obtain specific services. In some countries, fundamental procedures such as interaction with Administration, health services, or banks, can exclusively be accessed through the Web. This issue became even more evident during the COVID-19 pandemic, when a significant sector of the population that does not have access to the Internet experienced important barriers to manage their situation. In addition to the technical problems, the digital and gender divide, which have a decisive effect on accessibility and condition the exercise of civil rights, are often disregarded by Web Accessibility studies. In this talk we will present our work on the accessibility of Administration's websites and, in addition, we will discuss the need of considering non-technological accessibility barriers to find ways to alleviate them.","PeriodicalId":195975,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 19th International Web for All Conference","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127276901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rachana Sreedhar, Nicole Tan, Jingyue Zhang, Kim Jin, S. Gregson, Eli Moreta-Feliz, Niveditha Samudrala, Shrenik Sadalgi
Review imagery is a critical way to share products in authentic contexts. This visual method of showcasing a product can help sighted people govern their purchasing decisions, as it can include details not apparent in the product page and image. However, visually impaired people are not afforded the same opportunity due to lack of image descriptions. Previous research has found that context impacts the desired description; our studies have identified key features to extract from review imagery in the online retail context. In this paper, we present AIDE, an Automatic Image Description Engine that leverages computer vision and natural language processing to automatically generate image descriptions for user-generated imagery. Results from our evaluative studies show that AIDE encourages online retail engagement, fosters an inclusive shopping environment, and increases the feeling of independence.
{"title":"AIDE: automatic and accessible image descriptions for review imagery in online retail","authors":"Rachana Sreedhar, Nicole Tan, Jingyue Zhang, Kim Jin, S. Gregson, Eli Moreta-Feliz, Niveditha Samudrala, Shrenik Sadalgi","doi":"10.1145/3493612.3520453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3493612.3520453","url":null,"abstract":"Review imagery is a critical way to share products in authentic contexts. This visual method of showcasing a product can help sighted people govern their purchasing decisions, as it can include details not apparent in the product page and image. However, visually impaired people are not afforded the same opportunity due to lack of image descriptions. Previous research has found that context impacts the desired description; our studies have identified key features to extract from review imagery in the online retail context. In this paper, we present AIDE, an Automatic Image Description Engine that leverages computer vision and natural language processing to automatically generate image descriptions for user-generated imagery. Results from our evaluative studies show that AIDE encourages online retail engagement, fosters an inclusive shopping environment, and increases the feeling of independence.","PeriodicalId":195975,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 19th International Web for All Conference","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122883804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Enforcing website accessibility and usability in a large organization poses its challenges. Implementing web accessibility at scale requires distributing responsibilities and assigning accountability. Enterprise accessibility suites are effective tools, however are often expensive and can be overwhelming to content authors who may not have technical expertise or have a development background. Sa11y is an open source, highly customizable, in-page accessibility checker designed for content authors, with a unique focus on quality accessibility. Sa11y is platform agnostic, and was created with JavaScript, CSS, and HTML.
{"title":"Creating an open source, customizable accessibility checker for content authors","authors":"Adam Chaboryk","doi":"10.1145/3493612.3520468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3493612.3520468","url":null,"abstract":"Enforcing website accessibility and usability in a large organization poses its challenges. Implementing web accessibility at scale requires distributing responsibilities and assigning accountability. Enterprise accessibility suites are effective tools, however are often expensive and can be overwhelming to content authors who may not have technical expertise or have a development background. Sa11y is an open source, highly customizable, in-page accessibility checker designed for content authors, with a unique focus on quality accessibility. Sa11y is platform agnostic, and was created with JavaScript, CSS, and HTML.","PeriodicalId":195975,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 19th International Web for All Conference","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128807590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Over the last years, accessibility has been gaining more recognition, hence there is a market demand for professionals skilled in accessibility. Therefore, there is a trend towards incorporating accessibility in computer science curricula. Many approaches were presented in order to teach accessibility in the academy, however many failed in the department of motivation and engagement. Moreover, gamification is a strong contender when it comes to engaging, motivating and improving the students' performance using game design elements in non-game context, and it has not been much explored to teach accessibility in the academy. Consequently, this paper proposes to teach accessibility in the academy through a gamification-based approach. The paper starts with a presentation of the proposed approach and finally concludes the paper along with future research direction.
{"title":"An approach to teach accessibility with gamification","authors":"Mohammad Gulam Lorgat, Hugo Paredes, Tânia Rocha","doi":"10.1145/3493612.3520478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3493612.3520478","url":null,"abstract":"Over the last years, accessibility has been gaining more recognition, hence there is a market demand for professionals skilled in accessibility. Therefore, there is a trend towards incorporating accessibility in computer science curricula. Many approaches were presented in order to teach accessibility in the academy, however many failed in the department of motivation and engagement. Moreover, gamification is a strong contender when it comes to engaging, motivating and improving the students' performance using game design elements in non-game context, and it has not been much explored to teach accessibility in the academy. Consequently, this paper proposes to teach accessibility in the academy through a gamification-based approach. The paper starts with a presentation of the proposed approach and finally concludes the paper along with future research direction.","PeriodicalId":195975,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 19th International Web for All Conference","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133928928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wajdi Aljedaani, Mohamed Wiem Mkaouer, S. Ludi, Ali Ouni, Ilyes Jenhani
Today, mobile devices provide support to disabled people to make their life easier due to their high accessibility and capability, e.g., finding accessible locations, picture and voice-based communication, customized user interfaces and vocabulary levels. These accessibility frameworks are directly integrated, as libraries, in various apps, providing them with accessibility functions. Just like any other software, these frameworks regularly encounter errors. These errors are reported by app developers in the form of bug reports. These bug reports related to accessibility faults need to be urgently fixed since their existence significantly hinders the usability of apps. In this context, the manual inspection of a large number of bug reports to identify accessibility-related ones is time-consuming and error-prone. Prior research has investigated mobile app user reviews classification for various purposes, including bug reports identification, feature request identification, app performance optimization etc. Yet, none of the prior research has investigated the identification of accessibility-related bug reports, making their prioritization and timely correction difficult for software developers. To support developers with this manual process, the goal of this paper is to automatically detect, for a given bug report, whether it is about accessibility or not. Thus, we tackle the identification of accessibility bug reports as a binary classification problem. To build our model, we rely on an existing dataset of manually curated accessibility bug reports, extracted from popular open-source projects, namely Mozilla Firefox and Google Chromium. We design our solution to learn from these reports the appropriate discriminative features i.e., keywords that properly represent accessibility issues. Our trained model is evaluating using stratified cross-validation, and the findings show that our classifier achieves high F1-scores of 93%.
{"title":"On the identification of accessibility bug reports in open source systems","authors":"Wajdi Aljedaani, Mohamed Wiem Mkaouer, S. Ludi, Ali Ouni, Ilyes Jenhani","doi":"10.1145/3493612.3520471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3493612.3520471","url":null,"abstract":"Today, mobile devices provide support to disabled people to make their life easier due to their high accessibility and capability, e.g., finding accessible locations, picture and voice-based communication, customized user interfaces and vocabulary levels. These accessibility frameworks are directly integrated, as libraries, in various apps, providing them with accessibility functions. Just like any other software, these frameworks regularly encounter errors. These errors are reported by app developers in the form of bug reports. These bug reports related to accessibility faults need to be urgently fixed since their existence significantly hinders the usability of apps. In this context, the manual inspection of a large number of bug reports to identify accessibility-related ones is time-consuming and error-prone. Prior research has investigated mobile app user reviews classification for various purposes, including bug reports identification, feature request identification, app performance optimization etc. Yet, none of the prior research has investigated the identification of accessibility-related bug reports, making their prioritization and timely correction difficult for software developers. To support developers with this manual process, the goal of this paper is to automatically detect, for a given bug report, whether it is about accessibility or not. Thus, we tackle the identification of accessibility bug reports as a binary classification problem. To build our model, we rely on an existing dataset of manually curated accessibility bug reports, extracted from popular open-source projects, namely Mozilla Firefox and Google Chromium. We design our solution to learn from these reports the appropriate discriminative features i.e., keywords that properly represent accessibility issues. Our trained model is evaluating using stratified cross-validation, and the findings show that our classifier achieves high F1-scores of 93%.","PeriodicalId":195975,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 19th International Web for All Conference","volume":"41 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126122329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jorge Sassaki Resende Silva, A. P. Freire, P. C. F. Cardoso
Using headers to grasp a document's structure has been one of the main strategies employed by blind users on web documents when using screen readers. However, when headers are not available or not appropriately marked up, they can cause serious difficulties. This paper presents the design and evaluation of a tool for automatically generating headers for screen readers with topicalisation and labelling algorithms. The proposed tool uses Natural Language Processing techniques to divide a web document into topic segments and label each segment based on its content. We conducted an initial user study with eight blind and partially-sighted screen reader users. The evaluation involved tasks with questions answered by participants with information from texts with and without automatically generated headers. Results provided preliminary indicators of improvement in performance and reduction of cognitive load. The findings contribute to knowledge to improve tools to aid in text exploration. It also provides initial empirical evidence to be further explored to analyze the impact of automatically-generated headings in improving performance and reducing cognitive load for blind users.
{"title":"When headers are not there: design and user evaluation of an automatic topicalisation and labelling tool to aid the exploration of web documents by blind users","authors":"Jorge Sassaki Resende Silva, A. P. Freire, P. C. F. Cardoso","doi":"10.1145/3493612.3520470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3493612.3520470","url":null,"abstract":"Using headers to grasp a document's structure has been one of the main strategies employed by blind users on web documents when using screen readers. However, when headers are not available or not appropriately marked up, they can cause serious difficulties. This paper presents the design and evaluation of a tool for automatically generating headers for screen readers with topicalisation and labelling algorithms. The proposed tool uses Natural Language Processing techniques to divide a web document into topic segments and label each segment based on its content. We conducted an initial user study with eight blind and partially-sighted screen reader users. The evaluation involved tasks with questions answered by participants with information from texts with and without automatically generated headers. Results provided preliminary indicators of improvement in performance and reduction of cognitive load. The findings contribute to knowledge to improve tools to aid in text exploration. It also provides initial empirical evidence to be further explored to analyze the impact of automatically-generated headings in improving performance and reducing cognitive load for blind users.","PeriodicalId":195975,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 19th International Web for All Conference","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126636435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：