Pub Date : 2024-08-07DOI: 10.1016/j.optlastec.2024.111525
Shih-Hsuan Chia, Yan-Cheng Li, Chi-Kuang Sun, Franz X. Kärtner
Effective dispersion management for broadband and highly dispersive optical systems becomes increasingly vital in ultrafast applications. While chirped mirrors provide a compact solution, their attainable dispersion is often limited by the operational bandwidth. This study introduces innovative multi-band chirped mirror designs that enable the management of group delay differences both within and between bands, further optimizing group delay dispersion across specific spectral regions. Here, we highlight the critical role of transmission group delay within multilayer coatings for broadband dispersion management, shifting the traditional interpretation which relies on the wavelength-dependent penetration of these coatings. We have thus developed a dual-band chirped mirror pair achieving group delay dispersion values of −100 fs in the 0.6–0.8 µm range and −260 fs in the 1.7–2.2 µm range, with the bands separated by more than an octave. Remarkably, this design outperformed a state-of-the-art ultrabroadband mirror pair by three and four times of group delay dispersion in the respective bands. We have also designed and implemented a specialized dual-band mirror pair for nonlinear light microscopy—a prime example of ultrafast applications—and successfully achieved transform-limited pulses for targeted fluorophore excitations. This research emphasizes the transformative potential of strategic group delay distribution, heralding a breakthrough in dispersive optical operations across specific wavelength ranges.
{"title":"Multi-band chirped mirrors for enhanced dispersion management","authors":"Shih-Hsuan Chia, Yan-Cheng Li, Chi-Kuang Sun, Franz X. Kärtner","doi":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2024.111525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2024.111525","url":null,"abstract":"Effective dispersion management for broadband and highly dispersive optical systems becomes increasingly vital in ultrafast applications. While chirped mirrors provide a compact solution, their attainable dispersion is often limited by the operational bandwidth. This study introduces innovative multi-band chirped mirror designs that enable the management of group delay differences both within and between bands, further optimizing group delay dispersion across specific spectral regions. Here, we highlight the critical role of transmission group delay within multilayer coatings for broadband dispersion management, shifting the traditional interpretation which relies on the wavelength-dependent penetration of these coatings. We have thus developed a dual-band chirped mirror pair achieving group delay dispersion values of −100 fs in the 0.6–0.8 µm range and −260 fs in the 1.7–2.2 µm range, with the bands separated by more than an octave. Remarkably, this design outperformed a state-of-the-art ultrabroadband mirror pair by three and four times of group delay dispersion in the respective bands. We have also designed and implemented a specialized dual-band mirror pair for nonlinear light microscopy—a prime example of ultrafast applications—and successfully achieved transform-limited pulses for targeted fluorophore excitations. This research emphasizes the transformative potential of strategic group delay distribution, heralding a breakthrough in dispersive optical operations across specific wavelength ranges.","PeriodicalId":19597,"journal":{"name":"Optics & Laser Technology","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141933927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-06DOI: 10.1016/j.optlastec.2024.111554
László Pálfalvi, Zerihun T. Godana, György Tóth, János Hebling
Efficient acceleration of electrically charged particles by focused electromagnetic pulses requires a strong accelerating electric field as well as a sufficiently large interaction region. Single-cycle terahertz pulses are promising candidates for such applications due to their advantageous wavelength and available peak electric field at the level. We propose and characterize a focusing optics for a possible electron vacuum accelerator. This consists of a reflaxicon for beam shaping and a ring-like segment of an on-axis parabolic mirror for tight focusing of the radially polarized THz pulse in order to reach a strong accelerating electric field. The electric field distribution in the focal region was determined by the Stratton–Chu vector diffraction method. Semi-analytical and purely analytical formulae were also derived, simplifying the computation procedure. By focusing radially polarized single-cycle terahertz pulses with pulse energy, calculations predict accelerating electric field component in the order of , well suitable for particle acceleration.
{"title":"Generation of extremely strong accelerating electric field by focusing radially polarized THz pulses with a paraboloid ring","authors":"László Pálfalvi, Zerihun T. Godana, György Tóth, János Hebling","doi":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2024.111554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2024.111554","url":null,"abstract":"Efficient acceleration of electrically charged particles by focused electromagnetic pulses requires a strong accelerating electric field as well as a sufficiently large interaction region. Single-cycle terahertz pulses are promising candidates for such applications due to their advantageous wavelength and available peak electric field at the level. We propose and characterize a focusing optics for a possible electron vacuum accelerator. This consists of a reflaxicon for beam shaping and a ring-like segment of an on-axis parabolic mirror for tight focusing of the radially polarized THz pulse in order to reach a strong accelerating electric field. The electric field distribution in the focal region was determined by the Stratton–Chu vector diffraction method. Semi-analytical and purely analytical formulae were also derived, simplifying the computation procedure. By focusing radially polarized single-cycle terahertz pulses with pulse energy, calculations predict accelerating electric field component in the order of , well suitable for particle acceleration.","PeriodicalId":19597,"journal":{"name":"Optics & Laser Technology","volume":"187 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141933932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-06DOI: 10.1016/j.optlastec.2024.111563
Enlin Cai, Linhong Hao, Shanming Li, Min Chen, Shuaiyi Zhang, Xinxing Liu, Yin Hang
The nonlinear optical properties of antimony telluride (SbTe) crystal with indirect narrow bandgap are investigated, which exhibits superior performance for nonlinear laser modulation in the infrared band. The nonlinear optical coefficients of SbTe nanosheets are determined to be −3.3 cm/GW, −2.3 cm/GW, −1.9 cm/GW and the modulation depths are 5.5 %, 2.0 %, 1.5 % at 400 nm, 800 nm, 1064 nm, respectively. Based on the SbTe-SA, a Yb:GdScO laser centered at 1064 nm is achieved with 633 mW maximum output power, 56 fs pulse width and 104 MHz repetition rate. The damage threshold of the SbTe nanosheets is calculated to be exceed 338 GW/cm, revealing the great potential in high-power laser modulation. This investigation marks the inaugural theoretical and experimental analysis of SbTe’s optical properties and its application in laser modulation, laying the groundwork for future research into indirect narrow-bandgap materials in laser technology.
{"title":"Nonlinear optical response and application of indirect narrow-bandgap SbTe nanosheets","authors":"Enlin Cai, Linhong Hao, Shanming Li, Min Chen, Shuaiyi Zhang, Xinxing Liu, Yin Hang","doi":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2024.111563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2024.111563","url":null,"abstract":"The nonlinear optical properties of antimony telluride (SbTe) crystal with indirect narrow bandgap are investigated, which exhibits superior performance for nonlinear laser modulation in the infrared band. The nonlinear optical coefficients of SbTe nanosheets are determined to be −3.3 cm/GW, −2.3 cm/GW, −1.9 cm/GW and the modulation depths are 5.5 %, 2.0 %, 1.5 % at 400 nm, 800 nm, 1064 nm, respectively. Based on the SbTe-SA, a Yb:GdScO laser centered at 1064 nm is achieved with 633 mW maximum output power, 56 fs pulse width and 104 MHz repetition rate. The damage threshold of the SbTe nanosheets is calculated to be exceed 338 GW/cm, revealing the great potential in high-power laser modulation. This investigation marks the inaugural theoretical and experimental analysis of SbTe’s optical properties and its application in laser modulation, laying the groundwork for future research into indirect narrow-bandgap materials in laser technology.","PeriodicalId":19597,"journal":{"name":"Optics & Laser Technology","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141933929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-06DOI: 10.1016/j.optlastec.2024.111502
Qihao Han, Steve J. Elston, Waqas Kamal, Linpei Xue, Stephen M. Morris
This paper presents a nonlinear model for flexoelectric liquid crystal (LC) diffraction gratings and compares the results from simulations with those obtained from experiments, providing a more accurate description of the behaviour of the flexoelectric LC grating than that offered by the linear models that have been considered previously. The nonlinear model that is constructed considers both dielectric and flexoelectric coupling and, with the aid of numerical simulations, enables the visualization of the behaviour of the LC director in response to flexoelectric, dielectric, and elastic effects. From the numerical simulations, both in-plane and out-of-plane tilt angles are obtained which are then used to simulate the optical wave propagation and diffraction characteristics for light passing through the LC flexoelectric grating. To compare the results from simulations with experiments, we develop an LC mixture that is capable of forming a flexoelectric LC diffraction grating at room temperature. This mixture allows for real-time manipulation of the periodic splay-bend structure by adjusting the amplitude of the DC electric field, enabling control of the diffraction angle and intensity of light into the different diffraction orders. The consistency observed between our simulation results and experimental data underscores the reliability and accuracy of our proposed models.
{"title":"A nonlinear model of flexoelectric liquid crystal diffraction gratings","authors":"Qihao Han, Steve J. Elston, Waqas Kamal, Linpei Xue, Stephen M. Morris","doi":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2024.111502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2024.111502","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a nonlinear model for flexoelectric liquid crystal (LC) diffraction gratings and compares the results from simulations with those obtained from experiments, providing a more accurate description of the behaviour of the flexoelectric LC grating than that offered by the linear models that have been considered previously. The nonlinear model that is constructed considers both dielectric and flexoelectric coupling and, with the aid of numerical simulations, enables the visualization of the behaviour of the LC director in response to flexoelectric, dielectric, and elastic effects. From the numerical simulations, both in-plane and out-of-plane tilt angles are obtained which are then used to simulate the optical wave propagation and diffraction characteristics for light passing through the LC flexoelectric grating. To compare the results from simulations with experiments, we develop an LC mixture that is capable of forming a flexoelectric LC diffraction grating at room temperature. This mixture allows for real-time manipulation of the periodic splay-bend structure by adjusting the amplitude of the DC electric field, enabling control of the diffraction angle and intensity of light into the different diffraction orders. The consistency observed between our simulation results and experimental data underscores the reliability and accuracy of our proposed models.","PeriodicalId":19597,"journal":{"name":"Optics & Laser Technology","volume":"193 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141933931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-05DOI: 10.1016/j.optlastec.2024.111512
Mohamed M. Gad, Yasser M. El Batawy, Ezzeldin A. Soliman, Mai O. Sallam
Plasmonic photovoltaics integrate nanoparticles into the active layer to enhance power absorption. However a gap exists between simulated and experimental IV characteristics. Fabrication studies have attributed the issues to fabrication resolution, and recombination with no detailed step-by-step characterization. To address this issue, the paper presents a comprehensive optical and electrical study of a new plasmonic crescent nanoparticle (CNP). These particles serve as a near-field confinement source to enhance the efficiency of perovskite TiO-MAPbI-Spiro solar cells. The proposed design demonstrates that an optimized structure with polarization-dependent multiple modes can offer broad-spectrum absorption across both the visible and near-infrared spectra, resulting in a 15% improvement in the total absorption. The notably high stability of absorption with respect to parameter variation is a remarkable key factor. Employing Charge Transport (CHARGE) solver, the electrical characterization of the proposed plasmonic device is performed in a step-by-step procedure using three different models to characterize the sources of efficiency degradation The ohmic contact reduces quantum efficiency by 11%. Moreover, when surface recombination is considered, the degradation increases significantly to 54%, which matches the experimental studies in the literature. The paper also suggests incorporating a passivation layer which demonstrates its impact in enhancing the quantum efficiency from 18.2% to 22.2%.
等离子体光伏技术将纳米粒子集成到有源层中，以增强功率吸收。然而，模拟和实验 IV 特性之间存在差距。制造研究将问题归咎于制造分辨率和重组，但没有详细的分步表征。为解决这一问题，本文对一种新型等离子新月纳米粒子（CNP）进行了全面的光学和电学研究。这些粒子可用作近场约束源，以提高包晶TiO-MAPbI-Spiro太阳能电池的效率。所提出的设计表明，具有偏振相关多模式的优化结构可在可见光和近红外光谱范围内提供广谱吸收，从而使总吸收率提高 15%。与参数变化相关的高吸收稳定性是一个显著的关键因素。利用电荷传输（CHARGE）求解器，采用三种不同的模型对所提出的等离子器件进行了逐步的电学表征，以确定效率降低的原因。此外，当考虑到表面重组时，衰减显著增加到 54%，这与文献中的实验研究相吻合。论文还建议加入钝化层，这证明了钝化层在将量子效率从 18.2% 提高到 22.2% 方面的影响。
{"title":"Analysis of plasmonic nanoparticles effects on the performance of perovskite solar cells through surface recombination and short-circuiting behaviors","authors":"Mohamed M. Gad, Yasser M. El Batawy, Ezzeldin A. Soliman, Mai O. Sallam","doi":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2024.111512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2024.111512","url":null,"abstract":"Plasmonic photovoltaics integrate nanoparticles into the active layer to enhance power absorption. However a gap exists between simulated and experimental IV characteristics. Fabrication studies have attributed the issues to fabrication resolution, and recombination with no detailed step-by-step characterization. To address this issue, the paper presents a comprehensive optical and electrical study of a new plasmonic crescent nanoparticle (CNP). These particles serve as a near-field confinement source to enhance the efficiency of perovskite TiO-MAPbI-Spiro solar cells. The proposed design demonstrates that an optimized structure with polarization-dependent multiple modes can offer broad-spectrum absorption across both the visible and near-infrared spectra, resulting in a 15% improvement in the total absorption. The notably high stability of absorption with respect to parameter variation is a remarkable key factor. Employing Charge Transport (CHARGE) solver, the electrical characterization of the proposed plasmonic device is performed in a step-by-step procedure using three different models to characterize the sources of efficiency degradation The ohmic contact reduces quantum efficiency by 11%. Moreover, when surface recombination is considered, the degradation increases significantly to 54%, which matches the experimental studies in the literature. The paper also suggests incorporating a passivation layer which demonstrates its impact in enhancing the quantum efficiency from 18.2% to 22.2%.","PeriodicalId":19597,"journal":{"name":"Optics & Laser Technology","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141933968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-05DOI: 10.1016/j.optlastec.2024.111564
Yun Chen, Yuliang Xu, Tao Li, Juan Du, Lingyu Guo, Kaixiong Hu
This paper presents the fabrication and characterization of self-lubricating, anti-wear 316L stainless steel composite coatings on a Q235 substrate using 316L stainless steel powders and nanoscale hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) ceramic particles via coaxial powder feeding laser cladding. The influence of process parameters on cladding quality and geometry, and the impact of h-BN contents (2 wt% and 5 wt%) on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the coatings were studied. Optimal process parameters for 316L/5wt%BN coatings were identified: a powder feeding rate of 3–4 rpm, a laser power of 2200–2400 W, a scanning speed of 4–5 mm/s, and an overlapping rate of 40 %. Microstructural analysis showed a smooth surface without cracks or pores. X-ray diffraction revealed intermetallic compounds such as CrB, CrN, FeN, BN, and γ-(Fe, Ni). The inclusion of h-BN nanoparticles enhanced grain refinement, significantly increasing microhardness. Coatings with 5 wt% h-BN achieved an average microhardness of 438.8 HV10, 2.5 times higher than the substrate and the 316L stainless steel. Additionally, h-BN reduced friction coefficients, leading to substantial wear reduction. The 316L/5 wt% h-BN sample experienced only 4.2 mg of wear, 45.16 % of the substrate’s wear. These findings highlight the beneficial effects of h-BN nanoparticles on 316L stainless steel coatings, enhancing wear resistance, hardness, and overall performance.
{"title":"Fabrication and characterization of self-lubricating anti-wear 316L stainless steel/h-BN composite coatings on Q235 substrate via laser cladding","authors":"Yun Chen, Yuliang Xu, Tao Li, Juan Du, Lingyu Guo, Kaixiong Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2024.111564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2024.111564","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the fabrication and characterization of self-lubricating, anti-wear 316L stainless steel composite coatings on a Q235 substrate using 316L stainless steel powders and nanoscale hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) ceramic particles via coaxial powder feeding laser cladding. The influence of process parameters on cladding quality and geometry, and the impact of h-BN contents (2 wt% and 5 wt%) on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the coatings were studied. Optimal process parameters for 316L/5wt%BN coatings were identified: a powder feeding rate of 3–4 rpm, a laser power of 2200–2400 W, a scanning speed of 4–5 mm/s, and an overlapping rate of 40 %. Microstructural analysis showed a smooth surface without cracks or pores. X-ray diffraction revealed intermetallic compounds such as CrB, CrN, FeN, BN, and γ-(Fe, Ni). The inclusion of h-BN nanoparticles enhanced grain refinement, significantly increasing microhardness. Coatings with 5 wt% h-BN achieved an average microhardness of 438.8 HV10, 2.5 times higher than the substrate and the 316L stainless steel. Additionally, h-BN reduced friction coefficients, leading to substantial wear reduction. The 316L/5 wt% h-BN sample experienced only 4.2 mg of wear, 45.16 % of the substrate’s wear. These findings highlight the beneficial effects of h-BN nanoparticles on 316L stainless steel coatings, enhancing wear resistance, hardness, and overall performance.","PeriodicalId":19597,"journal":{"name":"Optics & Laser Technology","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141933933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-05DOI: 10.1016/j.optlastec.2024.111486
Xuekun Luo, Ziheng Xu, Kai Tian, Yiming Wang, Xin Wang, Kun Wang, Yang Yu, Chang Ye, Ning Dang
In this study, the effects of the laser shock peening (LSP) pattern on the fatigue properties of Ti-6Al-4V alloy were investigated. The residual stress distribution and surface morphology generated by LSP were analyzed using both experiments and numerical simulations. The results show that by optimizing the LSP patterns and overlap ratios, deep compressive residual stresses and beneficial surface morphology can be obtained, resulting in a significant improvement of the four-point bending fatigue performance. Specifically, LSP without optimization improves the fatigue life by a factor of 1.68 when the stress level is 550 MPa and the stress ratio is 0.1, while LSP with optimized parameters improves the fatigue life by a factor of 29.67. It has been demonstrated that the optimization of LSP patterns and overlap ratios plays an important role in enhancing the surface integrity and, thus, the fatigue performance of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy.
{"title":"Effect of overlap pattern on the residual stress, surface morphology and fatigue properties of Ti-6Al-4V alloy by multiple laser shock peening","authors":"Xuekun Luo, Ziheng Xu, Kai Tian, Yiming Wang, Xin Wang, Kun Wang, Yang Yu, Chang Ye, Ning Dang","doi":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2024.111486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2024.111486","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the effects of the laser shock peening (LSP) pattern on the fatigue properties of Ti-6Al-4V alloy were investigated. The residual stress distribution and surface morphology generated by LSP were analyzed using both experiments and numerical simulations. The results show that by optimizing the LSP patterns and overlap ratios, deep compressive residual stresses and beneficial surface morphology can be obtained, resulting in a significant improvement of the four-point bending fatigue performance. Specifically, LSP without optimization improves the fatigue life by a factor of 1.68 when the stress level is 550 MPa and the stress ratio is 0.1, while LSP with optimized parameters improves the fatigue life by a factor of 29.67. It has been demonstrated that the optimization of LSP patterns and overlap ratios plays an important role in enhancing the surface integrity and, thus, the fatigue performance of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy.","PeriodicalId":19597,"journal":{"name":"Optics & Laser Technology","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141933937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-05DOI: 10.1016/j.optlastec.2024.111548
Xingjia Xie, Qin Li, Xiaoqing Tan, Limin Gao, Yan Hong
Blind quantum computation (BQC) allows clients with limited quantum capabilities to delegate their tasks to powerful quantum servers and still keep their inputs, algorithms, and outputs private. However, in the noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) era, quantum computers as servers only control limited number of qubits and are not powerful enough. In addition, each of current BQC models is usually suitable for only one type of users. Therefore, this paper offers a flexible BQC ( for short) model for two types of users with different quantum capabilities where any one of two types of users can complete BQC tasks with the help of the other type of users and quantum servers. To be more specific, we propose two protocols by using the given model. In the first protocol, one user Alice only with the ability to prepare single-qubit states can realize BQC tasks by cooperating with another user Bob who is just capable of performing single-qubit measurements and a quantum server Charlie. Similarly in the second one, Bob can realize BQC tasks by cooperating with Alice and Charlie. In both protocols, the server Charlie only requires a quantum register of small size and performing CZ gates and thus it is unnecessary to be universal and may be less difficult to realize in the short run. Furthermore, both proposed protocols are verifiable, namely that the user can detect whether the server is honest. Finally, examples of the proposed protocols for implementing Deutsch’s algorithms are simulated through Qiskit framework to show their feasibility and correctness.
盲量子计算（BQC）允许量子能力有限的客户将其任务委托给强大的量子服务器，并仍然保持其输入、算法和输出的私密性。然而，在噪声中量子（NISQ）时代，作为服务器的量子计算机只能控制有限数量的量子比特，功能不够强大。此外，目前的每种 BQC 模型通常只适用于一类用户。因此，本文为具有不同量子能力的两类用户提供了一种灵活的 BQC（简称）模型，两类用户中的任何一类都可以在另一类用户和量子服务器的帮助下完成 BQC 任务。更具体地说，我们利用给定的模型提出了两个协议。在第一种协议中，一个只有单量子比特态准备能力的用户 Alice 可以通过与另一个只有单量子比特测量能力的用户 Bob 和一个量子服务器 Charlie 合作来实现 BQC 任务。同样，在第二种协议中，鲍勃可以通过与爱丽丝和查理合作实现 BQC 任务。在这两个协议中，服务器查理只需要一个小尺寸的量子寄存器和执行 CZ 门，因此不需要通用性，在短期内实现的难度也较低。此外，这两个协议都是可验证的，即用户可以检测服务器是否诚实。最后，我们通过 Qiskit 框架模拟了实现 Deutsch 算法的拟议协议示例，以展示其可行性和正确性。
{"title":"Flexible blind quantum computation with unnecessarily universal quantum servers","authors":"Xingjia Xie, Qin Li, Xiaoqing Tan, Limin Gao, Yan Hong","doi":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2024.111548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2024.111548","url":null,"abstract":"Blind quantum computation (BQC) allows clients with limited quantum capabilities to delegate their tasks to powerful quantum servers and still keep their inputs, algorithms, and outputs private. However, in the noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) era, quantum computers as servers only control limited number of qubits and are not powerful enough. In addition, each of current BQC models is usually suitable for only one type of users. Therefore, this paper offers a flexible BQC ( for short) model for two types of users with different quantum capabilities where any one of two types of users can complete BQC tasks with the help of the other type of users and quantum servers. To be more specific, we propose two protocols by using the given model. In the first protocol, one user Alice only with the ability to prepare single-qubit states can realize BQC tasks by cooperating with another user Bob who is just capable of performing single-qubit measurements and a quantum server Charlie. Similarly in the second one, Bob can realize BQC tasks by cooperating with Alice and Charlie. In both protocols, the server Charlie only requires a quantum register of small size and performing CZ gates and thus it is unnecessary to be universal and may be less difficult to realize in the short run. Furthermore, both proposed protocols are verifiable, namely that the user can detect whether the server is honest. Finally, examples of the proposed protocols for implementing Deutsch’s algorithms are simulated through Qiskit framework to show their feasibility and correctness.","PeriodicalId":19597,"journal":{"name":"Optics & Laser Technology","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141933936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-05DOI: 10.1016/j.optlastec.2024.111562
Yanping Yuan, Xiaoran Guo, Huiyu He, Kaihu Zhang, Weina Han
Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) have become gradually important in the aerospace industry due to their outstanding strength-to-weight ratio. However, traditional mechanical surface treatment methods are challenging to apply to CFRP because of their anisotropic and nonhomogeneous properties. Femtosecond laser offers unique advantages for surface treatment, as it allows processing with very low thermal load due to the extremely short interaction time. This study investigates the effect of different surface structures resulting from surface treatment using a femtosecond laser on adhesive properties of CFRP. The experimental results show that: 1) beam shaping can be realized by using the plano-convex cylindrical mirror, which improves the quality of laser processing and greatly improves processing efficiency. It only takes 20 s to complete the laser processing of a 1 cm*1 cm area, which increases the work efficiency by 49 times. 2) pre-bonding surface treatment significantly enhances the tensile shear strength of the single lap joint, and the shear strength of samples with low spatial frequency LIPSS (LSFL) (14.57 ± 1.58 MPa) is 2.96 times higher than that of the untreated sample (US) (4.92 ± 1.34 MPa). 3) LSFL structure exhibits the best results, because the surface of CFRP with LSFL exhibits a relatively higher surface polarity and surface energy. This study provides an efficient, high-precision, and low-damage surface treatment method for preparing CFRP for adhesive bonding, which may promote the application of femtosecond laser technology in difficult-to-process composite materials and provide new methods and technical support for its application in aerospace, vehicle manufacturing, and other fields.
{"title":"Rapid surface patterning to strengthen adhesive bonding of carbon fiber reinforced polymer by spatial shaping femtosecond laser","authors":"Yanping Yuan, Xiaoran Guo, Huiyu He, Kaihu Zhang, Weina Han","doi":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2024.111562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2024.111562","url":null,"abstract":"Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) have become gradually important in the aerospace industry due to their outstanding strength-to-weight ratio. However, traditional mechanical surface treatment methods are challenging to apply to CFRP because of their anisotropic and nonhomogeneous properties. Femtosecond laser offers unique advantages for surface treatment, as it allows processing with very low thermal load due to the extremely short interaction time. This study investigates the effect of different surface structures resulting from surface treatment using a femtosecond laser on adhesive properties of CFRP. The experimental results show that: 1) beam shaping can be realized by using the plano-convex cylindrical mirror, which improves the quality of laser processing and greatly improves processing efficiency. It only takes 20 s to complete the laser processing of a 1 cm*1 cm area, which increases the work efficiency by 49 times. 2) pre-bonding surface treatment significantly enhances the tensile shear strength of the single lap joint, and the shear strength of samples with low spatial frequency LIPSS (LSFL) (14.57 ± 1.58 MPa) is 2.96 times higher than that of the untreated sample (US) (4.92 ± 1.34 MPa). 3) LSFL structure exhibits the best results, because the surface of CFRP with LSFL exhibits a relatively higher surface polarity and surface energy. This study provides an efficient, high-precision, and low-damage surface treatment method for preparing CFRP for adhesive bonding, which may promote the application of femtosecond laser technology in difficult-to-process composite materials and provide new methods and technical support for its application in aerospace, vehicle manufacturing, and other fields.","PeriodicalId":19597,"journal":{"name":"Optics & Laser Technology","volume":"86 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141933934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this work, Sn@SnO composite films were obtained by Nd:YAG fiber pulsed laser ablation at room temperature. The effects of laser ablation on the microstructure, optical properties, and Raman scattering properties of the films were investigated. Tunable Localized Surface Plasmon resonance(LSPR)of Sn nanoparticles was realized in the wavelength range of 380–450 nm by varying the scanning rate to modulate the degree of oxidation of Sn nanoparticles. Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) was also observed in the composite structure, which was demonstrated excellent stability and SERS sensitivity with the detectable concentration of methylene blue (MB) as low as 10 M and an enhancement factor of 1.75 × 10 as well as a good uniformity. Finally, the electric field distribution of the samples before and after the laser treatment is simulated by the finite difference in time domain (FDTD) method, and the results are consistent with those of experimental ones.
{"title":"Laser irradiation-induced surface-enhanced Raman scattering of Sn@SnO composite films","authors":"Xingxing Du, Jiawei Wang, Ruijin Hong, Chunxian Tao, Qi Wang, Hui Lin, Zhaoxia Han, Dawei Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2024.111560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2024.111560","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, Sn@SnO composite films were obtained by Nd:YAG fiber pulsed laser ablation at room temperature. The effects of laser ablation on the microstructure, optical properties, and Raman scattering properties of the films were investigated. Tunable Localized Surface Plasmon resonance(LSPR)of Sn nanoparticles was realized in the wavelength range of 380–450 nm by varying the scanning rate to modulate the degree of oxidation of Sn nanoparticles. Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) was also observed in the composite structure, which was demonstrated excellent stability and SERS sensitivity with the detectable concentration of methylene blue (MB) as low as 10 M and an enhancement factor of 1.75 × 10 as well as a good uniformity. Finally, the electric field distribution of the samples before and after the laser treatment is simulated by the finite difference in time domain (FDTD) method, and the results are consistent with those of experimental ones.","PeriodicalId":19597,"journal":{"name":"Optics & Laser Technology","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141933935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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