Pub Date : 1994-05-01DOI: 10.1109/ICPS.1994.303558
H. Sarmiento, E. Estrada
A voltage sag study at two industries with adjustable speed drives (ASD) is presented. These ASD are part of a continuous process. Faults in the electric utility's transmission system cause voltage sags that trip out some of the ASD, interrupting the continuous process with a significant economic impact. The magnitude and duration of voltage sags are characterized and solutions to minimize these interruptions are analyzed.<>
{"title":"A voltage sag study in an industry with adjustable speed drives","authors":"H. Sarmiento, E. Estrada","doi":"10.1109/ICPS.1994.303558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPS.1994.303558","url":null,"abstract":"A voltage sag study at two industries with adjustable speed drives (ASD) is presented. These ASD are part of a continuous process. Faults in the electric utility's transmission system cause voltage sags that trip out some of the ASD, interrupting the continuous process with a significant economic impact. The magnitude and duration of voltage sags are characterized and solutions to minimize these interruptions are analyzed.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":197013,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Conference","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130449429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-05-01DOI: 10.1109/ICPS.1994.303553
Ren-Jun Li, Weijen Lee, Shaoyan Ma
Fast and accurate measurement of real power is indispensable for power system monitoring and control, protective relay systems and fault recording systems. Taking advantage of the accuracy and simplicity of the Hall effect based sensor and powerful data processing and logic control functions of a microprocessor, a microprocessor based fast real power measurement device has been developed. A series of tests were conducted in a physical simulation laboratory to demonstrate its capability in measuring active power in balanced and various unbalanced conditions.<>
{"title":"Microprocessor based fast active power measurement","authors":"Ren-Jun Li, Weijen Lee, Shaoyan Ma","doi":"10.1109/ICPS.1994.303553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPS.1994.303553","url":null,"abstract":"Fast and accurate measurement of real power is indispensable for power system monitoring and control, protective relay systems and fault recording systems. Taking advantage of the accuracy and simplicity of the Hall effect based sensor and powerful data processing and logic control functions of a microprocessor, a microprocessor based fast real power measurement device has been developed. A series of tests were conducted in a physical simulation laboratory to demonstrate its capability in measuring active power in balanced and various unbalanced conditions.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":197013,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Conference","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123820266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-05-01DOI: 10.1109/ICPS.1994.303562
C. Melhorn, P. Hofmann, M. Samotyj
The ever increasing utilization of sensitive electronic loads for productivity and energy efficiency improvements make the characterization of power quality supplied by the electric utility a growing concern. This paper describes the results of a project designed to characterize the power quality supplied to various classes of large commercial customers on the network distribution systems in Manhattan. The effects of power quality on the operation of different types of commercial facilities is also discussed. Items addressed include long term voltage regulation, voltage sags due to system faults, and harmonic distortion caused by end user loads.<>
{"title":"Characterization of power quality problems associated with large commercial customers served from large underground distribution network systems","authors":"C. Melhorn, P. Hofmann, M. Samotyj","doi":"10.1109/ICPS.1994.303562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPS.1994.303562","url":null,"abstract":"The ever increasing utilization of sensitive electronic loads for productivity and energy efficiency improvements make the characterization of power quality supplied by the electric utility a growing concern. This paper describes the results of a project designed to characterize the power quality supplied to various classes of large commercial customers on the network distribution systems in Manhattan. The effects of power quality on the operation of different types of commercial facilities is also discussed. Items addressed include long term voltage regulation, voltage sags due to system faults, and harmonic distortion caused by end user loads.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":197013,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Conference","volume":"136 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115520848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-05-01DOI: 10.1109/ICPS.1994.303587
A. Zahedi
Effective use of energy could considerably extend the life of existing fuel resources and make the introduction of new sources much less urgent. One possible alternative is combined heat and power from stand-by-generators of which the United State of America has a relatively high capacity in this regard. Many organizations dependent on electricity have diesel generator sets as a backup in the event of failure of the main electricity supply. More recently it was noted that the local electricity had a peak demand period covering times when the factories were not operating and stand-by-generators were idle. Conversion of stand-by-generator facilities to CHP units allows them to be used for profitable generation of electricity and heat. The first part of the paper involves the studies carried out by author to determine the availability of nonrenewable sources of energy today and in the future as well as the environmental impact of using energy. The second part of the paper presents a fundamental design of CHP from stand-by-generators of Monash Medical Centre (case study) and modification of the entire system to enable units to operate as a sustained basis and in parallel with the main electricity supply and also some suggestions from the author for cogeneration systems using a single fuel to simultaneously produce two forms of energy usually useful heat and electricity.<>
{"title":"Conversion of stand-by-generator facilities to combined heat and power units","authors":"A. Zahedi","doi":"10.1109/ICPS.1994.303587","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPS.1994.303587","url":null,"abstract":"Effective use of energy could considerably extend the life of existing fuel resources and make the introduction of new sources much less urgent. One possible alternative is combined heat and power from stand-by-generators of which the United State of America has a relatively high capacity in this regard. Many organizations dependent on electricity have diesel generator sets as a backup in the event of failure of the main electricity supply. More recently it was noted that the local electricity had a peak demand period covering times when the factories were not operating and stand-by-generators were idle. Conversion of stand-by-generator facilities to CHP units allows them to be used for profitable generation of electricity and heat. The first part of the paper involves the studies carried out by author to determine the availability of nonrenewable sources of energy today and in the future as well as the environmental impact of using energy. The second part of the paper presents a fundamental design of CHP from stand-by-generators of Monash Medical Centre (case study) and modification of the entire system to enable units to operate as a sustained basis and in parallel with the main electricity supply and also some suggestions from the author for cogeneration systems using a single fuel to simultaneously produce two forms of energy usually useful heat and electricity.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":197013,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116440744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-05-01DOI: 10.1109/ICPS.1994.303571
K. Fleischer, R. S. Munnings
Many standards, guidelines, etc. currently exist which provide guidance to DC power systems analysis. These documents are scattered throughout the industry (i.e., IEEE, UL, NEMA, GE, etc.), and primarily treat the subject assuming hand calculations are being performed. It is the intent of this paper to provide guidance for performing computer aided DC power systems analyses. This paper will cover load flow/voltage drop and short circuit calculations.<>
{"title":"Power systems analysis for direct current (DC) distribution systems","authors":"K. Fleischer, R. S. Munnings","doi":"10.1109/ICPS.1994.303571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPS.1994.303571","url":null,"abstract":"Many standards, guidelines, etc. currently exist which provide guidance to DC power systems analysis. These documents are scattered throughout the industry (i.e., IEEE, UL, NEMA, GE, etc.), and primarily treat the subject assuming hand calculations are being performed. It is the intent of this paper to provide guidance for performing computer aided DC power systems analyses. This paper will cover load flow/voltage drop and short circuit calculations.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":197013,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Conference","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125115626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-05-01DOI: 10.1109/ICPS.1994.303582
U. Grasselli, G. Parise
In this paper several specific aspects of power system design are analysed, such as sizing, the selection of protective devices and coordination, by correlating them with a number of general power system features, so as to obtain in a "natural" form high levels of reliability and selectivity. A power system general optimization process methodology is suggested, especially usable in all the cases in which the system's "architecture" is an actual project variable. It is shown how the maximum and minimum short circuit current values may be the main factors determining the selection of circuit ratings. During power system design the best procedure seems to be that which, from the short circuit level on the main switchboard, leads to a selection of circuit ratings also on the basis of the distances of estimated load sets. By iterating this procedure, the "architecture" of the system is adapted to the specific cases.<>
{"title":"Designing criteria for selectivity and reliability of building power systems","authors":"U. Grasselli, G. Parise","doi":"10.1109/ICPS.1994.303582","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPS.1994.303582","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper several specific aspects of power system design are analysed, such as sizing, the selection of protective devices and coordination, by correlating them with a number of general power system features, so as to obtain in a \"natural\" form high levels of reliability and selectivity. A power system general optimization process methodology is suggested, especially usable in all the cases in which the system's \"architecture\" is an actual project variable. It is shown how the maximum and minimum short circuit current values may be the main factors determining the selection of circuit ratings. During power system design the best procedure seems to be that which, from the short circuit level on the main switchboard, leads to a selection of circuit ratings also on the basis of the distances of estimated load sets. By iterating this procedure, the \"architecture\" of the system is adapted to the specific cases.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":197013,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Conference","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124327592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-05-01DOI: 10.1109/ICPS.1994.303552
G. Paoletti
Electric utilities have undergone extensive life extension evaluations of many power plant components. The goal has been to obtain an impressive extension of equipment or system life, at the least cost expenditure. This process effectively improves the reliability of plant systems, whereas improvements in maintainability usually are of secondary importance. In many cases, the plant's electrical distribution system, and in particular, the air and oil circuit breakers have not been part of the life extension evaluations. This paper addresses upgrading the older air and oil circuit breakers, utilizing newly manufactured vacuum circuit breakers. The result is improvements in system reliability, maintainability and life extension of the electrical distribution system with the least expenditure of monies.<>
{"title":"Vacuum retrofit modernization of air and oil circuit breakers: the process, benefits and risks of applicable standards","authors":"G. Paoletti","doi":"10.1109/ICPS.1994.303552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPS.1994.303552","url":null,"abstract":"Electric utilities have undergone extensive life extension evaluations of many power plant components. The goal has been to obtain an impressive extension of equipment or system life, at the least cost expenditure. This process effectively improves the reliability of plant systems, whereas improvements in maintainability usually are of secondary importance. In many cases, the plant's electrical distribution system, and in particular, the air and oil circuit breakers have not been part of the life extension evaluations. This paper addresses upgrading the older air and oil circuit breakers, utilizing newly manufactured vacuum circuit breakers. The result is improvements in system reliability, maintainability and life extension of the electrical distribution system with the least expenditure of monies.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":197013,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Conference","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129337172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-05-01DOI: 10.1109/ICPS.1994.303584
R.M. Rifaat
Special considerations must be given to protection systems for inter ties between cogeneration plants and existing host utility power systems. The considerations are reviewed in light of contemporary experience with mid size cogenerating plants. Typical inter tie configurations are deliberated with emphasis on implications on the design of relevant protection systems. Protection schemes are presented and evaluations to their advantages and disadvantages are given. The importance of examining the protection scheme requirements during the conceptual design stage of a cogenerating plant is demonstrated.<>
{"title":"Critical considerations for utility/cogeneration inter tie protection scheme configuration","authors":"R.M. Rifaat","doi":"10.1109/ICPS.1994.303584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPS.1994.303584","url":null,"abstract":"Special considerations must be given to protection systems for inter ties between cogeneration plants and existing host utility power systems. The considerations are reviewed in light of contemporary experience with mid size cogenerating plants. Typical inter tie configurations are deliberated with emphasis on implications on the design of relevant protection systems. Protection schemes are presented and evaluations to their advantages and disadvantages are given. The importance of examining the protection scheme requirements during the conceptual design stage of a cogenerating plant is demonstrated.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":197013,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Conference","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122756335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-05-01DOI: 10.1109/ICPS.1994.303546
Y. Song, D. Dang
Power system load modelling is of vital importance in power flow, transient stability and voltage stability studies. It is, however, a very difficult task because load representation is qualitatively different in many aspects. Conventional approaches employ mathematical models to represent the steady and dynamic characteristics of various loads. With the advent of neural computing, attempts have constantly been made to address this problem by using this new technique. This paper discusses the applications of neural networks to the representation of the aggregation of busbar loads which are comprised of mixed but known composition.<>
{"title":"Load modelling in commercial power systems using neural networks","authors":"Y. Song, D. Dang","doi":"10.1109/ICPS.1994.303546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPS.1994.303546","url":null,"abstract":"Power system load modelling is of vital importance in power flow, transient stability and voltage stability studies. It is, however, a very difficult task because load representation is qualitatively different in many aspects. Conventional approaches employ mathematical models to represent the steady and dynamic characteristics of various loads. With the advent of neural computing, attempts have constantly been made to address this problem by using this new technique. This paper discusses the applications of neural networks to the representation of the aggregation of busbar loads which are comprised of mixed but known composition.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":197013,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Conference","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114221836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-05-01DOI: 10.1109/ICPS.1994.303574
S. Halpin, L. Grigsby
Algorithms are presented in this paper for the accurate determination of voltages, currents, and power flows in faulted three-phase unbalanced nonradial power distribution systems. The calculation of steady-state fault currents begins from a converged power flow solution and uses generalized models for all power system components. These component models are formulated using a linear graph theory approach to network modeling. The linear graph modeling techniques are extended to form an admittance matrix system model. The three-phase source and load models that are used are based on an extension of the traditional models used to represent these elements in fault studies using symmetrical components. The distribution system model consisting of sources, loads, lines, transformers, and other components is modified to account for the fault and solved to yield the line-to-neutral voltages at each bus in the faulted distribution system. The faulted system current and power flows are determined using these voltages. The results obtained using the proposed modeling approach on a system provided by a local industry are compared with the results obtained from an existing classical three-phase fault analysis algorithm, and conclusions are drawn based on these comparisons.<>
{"title":"Fault analysis of multi-phase unbalanced non-radial power distribution systems","authors":"S. Halpin, L. Grigsby","doi":"10.1109/ICPS.1994.303574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPS.1994.303574","url":null,"abstract":"Algorithms are presented in this paper for the accurate determination of voltages, currents, and power flows in faulted three-phase unbalanced nonradial power distribution systems. The calculation of steady-state fault currents begins from a converged power flow solution and uses generalized models for all power system components. These component models are formulated using a linear graph theory approach to network modeling. The linear graph modeling techniques are extended to form an admittance matrix system model. The three-phase source and load models that are used are based on an extension of the traditional models used to represent these elements in fault studies using symmetrical components. The distribution system model consisting of sources, loads, lines, transformers, and other components is modified to account for the fault and solved to yield the line-to-neutral voltages at each bus in the faulted distribution system. The faulted system current and power flows are determined using these voltages. The results obtained using the proposed modeling approach on a system provided by a local industry are compared with the results obtained from an existing classical three-phase fault analysis algorithm, and conclusions are drawn based on these comparisons.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":197013,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Conference","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116195501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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