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2017 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Biomimetics (ROBIO)最新文献

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Replacing cables on robotic arms by using serial via Bluetooth 通过蓝牙使用串行取代机械臂上的电缆
Pub Date : 2017-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/ROBIO.2017.8324416
Marc Bestmann, Florens Wasserfall, N. Hendrich, Jianwei Zhang
Most industrial robot workcells today are still characterized by a lot of external cables. In fact, cable management remains an important aspect of robot integration, often significantly impacting robot workspace and motion planning. In this paper, we discuss our solution to replace external cables with a wireless connection. While wireless networks are widely used for educational robots and teleoperation of mobile platforms, integration of wireless communication into industrial setups requires careful consideration, and the risks and potential loss of reliability must be evaluated. We present experimental results on the performance of our system, including measured Bluetooth latencies and packet-loss in several scenarios. In our case, the advantages of the cable-less system, including simplified motion planning, fewer self-collisions, and use of 3D-sensing for collision detection greatly outweigh any loss in reliability.
今天,大多数工业机器人的工作单元仍然以大量的外部电缆为特征。事实上,电缆管理仍然是机器人集成的一个重要方面,经常显著影响机器人的工作空间和运动规划。在本文中,我们讨论了用无线连接取代外部电缆的解决方案。虽然无线网络广泛用于教育机器人和移动平台的远程操作,但将无线通信集成到工业设置中需要仔细考虑,并且必须评估风险和潜在的可靠性损失。我们给出了系统性能的实验结果,包括在几种情况下测量的蓝牙延迟和丢包。在我们的案例中,无电缆系统的优点,包括简化的运动规划,更少的自碰撞,以及使用3d传感进行碰撞检测,大大超过了可靠性的任何损失。
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引用次数: 4
Underactuated control of swing in orbit debris towing removal via tether space robots 系绳空间机器人轨道摆动拖曳清除的欠驱动控制
Pub Date : 2017-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/ROBIO.2017.8324676
Zhongjie Meng, Y. Bai, Panfeng Huang
Towing removal using tethered space robot is a promising method for the ever increasing space debris population. The tether libration is one of the obstacles for its on-orbit application. For the space debris does not have any driving force and the tether is not a suitable control input, transfer thrusts on tug are remaining control inputs for libration suppressing. It consequently becomes an underactuated control problem. A dynamical model of debris towing removal system (DTRS) is established firstly. Then, an anti-windup hierarchical sliding mode control law is studied for the constrained and underactuated transfer thrusts on the tug. Simulation results show that the tether librational motion is suppressed and the controller is feasible. Under the transfer thrusts on tug, the orbit radius, true anomaly and tether librational angle are tracked to their desired states accurately.
利用系留空间机器人进行拖曳清除是解决日益增多的空间碎片的一种很有前途的方法。系绳振动是其在轨应用的障碍之一。由于空间碎片本身不具有驱动力,且系绳不是一种合适的控制输入,拖轮传递推力作为抑制空间碎片振动的剩余控制输入。这就变成了一个欠驱动控制问题。首先建立了碎片拖曳清除系统的动力学模型。在此基础上,研究了拖船受约束和欠驱动传递推力的反卷绕分层滑模控制律。仿真结果表明,该控制器能有效地抑制绳系的振动,是可行的。在拖船传递推力作用下,轨道半径、真异常和系绳摆动角被精确跟踪到所需状态。
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引用次数: 1
Deep-learned pedestrian avoidance policy for robot navigation 机器人导航的深度学习行人回避策略
Pub Date : 2017-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/ROBIO.2017.8324440
Shengjie Hu, Chao Cao, Jia Pan
Being able to avoid obstacles and pedestrians in particular, is essential for robots to function in dynamic environments. In contrast with model based methods utilizing primarily computer vision, this project proposed a learning-based approach. Two deep neural networks were trained with images labeled with movement decisions, for pedestrian avoidance and path following tasks, where computer vision labeling and camera order labeling techniques were applied respectively. Together with ultrasonic sensors for static obstacle avoidance, the three components cooperatively contributed to our robot navigation policy. Comparing to existing experiments and research with sophisticated sensors, for instance LIDAR, the project utilized a monocular RGB camera and exploited its capability. Focusing on pedestrian avoidance, the project explores limitations and advantages of deep neural network method. A robot integrating above components was built, and performed satisfactorily in relevant test runs.
能够避开障碍物,尤其是行人,对于机器人在动态环境中发挥作用至关重要。与主要利用计算机视觉的基于模型的方法相比,本项目提出了一种基于学习的方法。用标记了运动决策的图像训练了两个深度神经网络,分别用于行人回避和路径跟踪任务,其中分别应用了计算机视觉标记和相机顺序标记技术。这三部分与用于静态避障的超声波传感器共同构成了我们的机器人导航策略。与现有的复杂传感器(如激光雷达)的实验和研究相比,该项目利用了单目RGB相机,并充分利用了它的能力。本课题以行人避让为重点,探讨了深度神经网络方法的局限性和优势。将上述部件集成在一起,制作了机器人,并在相关的试运行中取得了满意的效果。
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引用次数: 3
Design of real-time ethernet motion controller based on FPGA 基于FPGA的实时以太网运动控制器设计
Pub Date : 2017-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/ROBIO.2017.8324669
Jianchao Shi, Jianxun Zhang, Yu Dai, Su He
In order to meet the high precision and real-time demand of master-slave robot, the motion controller of it is designed with field programmable gate array (FPGA) as the core chip. The controller firstly implements real-time Ethernet Powerlink instead of the traditional field bus to transfer location information between master-slave hands, then PID closed-loop control algorithm calculates an pulse width modulation (PWM) duty cycle based on the deviation from the location information of master-slave hands, PWM generation module generates corresponding square wave signal to drive the motor rotates. To feedback actual location information and ensure the security of system, encoder acquisition module and motor enable module are designed with logical hardware in FPGA. Finally the motor position control is realized. The results of experiments show that the motion controller based on FPGA, which is compared with the traditional motion controller realized by digital signal processor (DSP) and FPGA, can greatly improve the precision and real-time performance of master-slave robot.
为了满足主从机器人的高精度和实时性要求,设计了以现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)为核心芯片的主从机器人运动控制器。该控制器首先采用实时以太网Powerlink代替传统的现场总线在主从手之间传递位置信息,然后PID闭环控制算法根据主从手位置信息的偏差计算出脉宽调制(PWM)占空比,PWM产生模块产生相应的方波信号驱动电机旋转。为了反馈实际的位置信息,保证系统的安全性,在FPGA中设计了编码器采集模块和电机使能模块的逻辑硬件。最后实现了电机的位置控制。实验结果表明,与传统的数字信号处理器(DSP)和FPGA实现的运动控制器相比,基于FPGA的运动控制器可以大大提高主从机器人的精度和实时性。
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引用次数: 0
Detection for power transmission line in low-resolution aerial image 低分辨率航拍图像中输电线路的检测
Pub Date : 2017-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/ROBIO.2017.8324614
Guodong Yang, Dezheng Zhao, Wenkai Chang, E. Li, Zi-ze Liang
This paper presents a detection method for power transmission lines in low-resolution aerial image. The method is composed with two procedures as the line extraction procedure and the line fitting procedure. In the first procedure, an extraction algorithm based on Hessian matrix is proposed to segment the lines from the complex background. Besides, an image filter algorithm based on region growing is adopted to eliminate interference points caused by background. In the second procedure, a line fitting algorithm based on Expectation Maximization(EM) method is developed to get the geometry parameters and positions of the lines. Experiments show the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed detection method.
提出了一种低分辨率航拍图像中输电线路的检测方法。该方法分为线提取和线拟合两个步骤。首先,提出了一种基于Hessian矩阵的线条提取算法,从复杂背景中分割线条;此外,采用基于区域增长的图像滤波算法,消除背景产生的干扰点。第二步,提出了一种基于期望最大化(EM)方法的直线拟合算法,得到直线的几何参数和位置。实验证明了该检测方法的有效性和高效性。
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引用次数: 6
Controllability and accessibility of vibrations in multiple planes on link-elastic robot arms 连杆弹性机械臂多平面振动的可控性和可及性
Pub Date : 2017-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/ROBIO.2017.8324628
F. John, J. Malzahn, T. Bertram
Research on link-elasticities offers the perspective to devise lightweight robots with intrinsic safety benefits for physical human-robot interaction and fast motions with reduced energy consumption. Moreover, their force/torque sensing capabilities mimic the functionalities of animalistic whiskers, putting the robot in a position to react gently to its environment. While many works consider single elastic links or planar settings, the present work addresses the controllability problem for link-elastic robots with multiple vibration planes. The paper introduces the reader to the modal controllability and accessibility problem emerging in such systems, and proposes a novel geometric controllability index with reduced complexity. The proposed index is compared and analysed with respect to existing indexes from literature in preparation for adaptive vibration control schemes.
连杆弹性的研究为设计具有内在安全效益的轻量化机器人提供了视角,使其能够进行人机物理交互和快速运动,同时降低能耗。此外,它们的力/扭矩传感能力模仿了动物胡须的功能,使机器人能够对环境做出温和的反应。虽然许多工作考虑单弹性连杆或平面设置,但本工作解决了具有多个振动平面的连杆弹性机器人的可控性问题。本文介绍了这类系统中出现的模态可控性和可达性问题,并提出了一种降低复杂度的几何可控性指标。将所提出的指标与文献中已有的指标进行了比较和分析,为自适应振动控制方案做准备。
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引用次数: 3
Concept and design of a lightweight biped robot for walking on rough terrain 用于在崎岖地形上行走的轻型双足机器人的概念和设计
Pub Date : 2017-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/ROBIO.2017.8324587
Yixiang Liu, Xizhe Zang, Zhenkun Lin, Jie Zhao
Long-term evolvement enables human to achieve various locomotion on different terrains. But it is still a challenge for biped robots to walk stably on rough terrain. The purpose of this paper is to develop a lightweight biped robot adaptable to uneven ground, by integrating the inspirations obtained from human into its structure design and realization. The main design concepts of the biped robot include compliance, combination of active and passive actuation, as well as electric-pneumatic hybrid actuation. On this basis, a prototype of the biped robot which is composed of hip joints with unidirectional series elastic actuator, biomimetic knee joints, semi-passive ankle joints and stiffness adjustable feet is developed. Walking experiments on the biped robot shows that it has the ability to adapt to uneven ground with small-sized bumps in maximum height of 8 mm.
长期的进化使人类能够在不同的地形上实现各种各样的运动。但对于双足机器人来说,在崎岖的地形上稳定行走仍然是一个挑战。本文的目的是开发一种适应不平整地面的轻型双足机器人,将从人类身上获得的灵感融入到其结构设计和实现中。双足机器人的主要设计理念包括柔度、主动与被动结合驱动以及电-气混合驱动。在此基础上,研制了由具有单向串联弹性作动器的髋关节、仿生膝关节、半被动踝关节和刚度可调脚组成的双足机器人样机。在双足机器人上进行的行走实验表明,它具有适应不平整地面的能力,最大高度为8毫米。
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引用次数: 3
Orientation planning in task space using quaternion polynomials 基于四元数多项式的任务空间定向规划
Pub Date : 2017-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/ROBIO.2017.8324769
M. Shahbazi, Navvab Kashiri, D. Caldwell, N. Tsagarakis
This paper introduces a computationally fast method for orientation trajectory planning in point-to-point motion tasks when the angular velocity and acceleration at the endpoints are constrained. Addressing such a problem with existing spherical-interpolation-based methods (in the context of unit quaternion) is not straightforward, since the inherent complexities of spherical curves necessitate task-specific tunings for satisfying all the boundary conditions. To tackle such a difficulty, we propound an interpolation function on the basis of standard polynomials in time with quaternion coefficients. We introduce a novel algorithm to determine varying polynomial coefficients in a way that the unit length of interpolated quaternion can be guaranteed. The performance of the developed planning algorithms is illustrated through a functional analysis and via simulation experiments on an anthropomorphic robotic arm. The results corroborate the merits of the presented approach especially in respecting arbitrary boundary conditions.
本文介绍了一种点到点运动任务中,当端点处的角速度和加速度有约束时,定位轨迹规划的快速计算方法。用现有的基于球面插值的方法(在单位四元数的背景下)解决这样的问题并不简单,因为球面曲线固有的复杂性需要特定于任务的调优来满足所有的边界条件。为了解决这一难题,我们提出了一个基于四元数系数的标准时间多项式的插值函数。在保证插值四元数单位长度的前提下,提出了一种确定变多项式系数的新算法。通过功能分析和拟人机械臂的仿真实验,说明了所开发的规划算法的性能。结果证实了该方法的优点,特别是在考虑任意边界条件时。
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引用次数: 3
Design and application of intelligent patrol system based on virtual reality 基于虚拟现实的智能巡逻系统设计与应用
Pub Date : 2017-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/ROBIO.2017.8324580
Zheng Huang, Diansheng Chen, Min Wang
With the development of society, the size and numbers of large-scale places such as shopping malls and airports continue to expand and the need for security automation increases. Patrol robot is a comprehensive system with environmental awareness, route planning, dynamic decision making, behavior decision making and so on [1]. The existing patrols are mainly inefficient manual patrols and it is a viable solution to make patrol robots achieve regular, fixed patrol or interrupted patrol in a complex environment. As a technology with excellent human-computer interaction, virtual reality can be applied to patrol robots and it can improve efficiency and reliability of patrol task. Based on the modeling of known patrol environment, 3 modules based on C++ programming language, which include virtual display module, registration module based on OpenCV visual library, robot remote control module based on TCP/IP protocol, were developed in the paper. This above 3 modules make the system achieve the remote control function and online patrol function of patrol robot. In addition, the realistic sense of the virtual reality technology and the accuracy of registration technology has been proved been proved by experiments.
随着社会的发展,商场、机场等大型场所的规模和数量不断扩大,对安防自动化的需求也随之增加。巡逻机器人是一个具有环境意识、路线规划、动态决策、行为决策等功能的综合系统[1]。现有的巡逻主要是效率低下的人工巡逻,使巡逻机器人在复杂环境下实现定期、固定巡逻或间断巡逻是一种可行的解决方案。虚拟现实作为一种具有良好人机交互性的技术,可以应用于巡逻机器人,提高巡逻任务的效率和可靠性。在对已知巡逻环境建模的基础上,基于c++编程语言开发了虚拟显示模块、基于OpenCV可视化库的配准模块和基于TCP/IP协议的机器人远程控制模块。以上3个模块使系统实现了巡逻机器人的远程控制功能和在线巡逻功能。此外,通过实验验证了虚拟现实技术的真实感和配准技术的准确性。
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引用次数: 3
Compression based distributed dynamic task assignment algorithms for heterogeneous multiple unmanned aerial vehicles 基于压缩的异构多无人机分布式动态任务分配算法
Pub Date : 2017-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/ROBIO.2017.8324779
Li Wang, Q. Guo
For the dynamic mission scenarios with task deadline constraints, we present two online task assignment algorithms for multiple unmanned aerial vehicles: the distributed deep compression algorithm (DDCA) and the distributed quick compression algorithm (DQCA). The two methods based on a compression strategy aim at directly optimizing the mission span as their objective by considering the long-term benefits and the current results, respectively. These algorithms all include a task calculation phase, a consensus and compression phase and a task update phase, running on each UAV in an iterative fashion. The methods are simple, efficient and anytime, which reach good solution in a relatively short time. Numerical results show that the proposed algorithms perform better in various conditions when compared with the classic SSIA algorithm.
针对具有任务期限约束的动态任务场景,提出了两种多无人机在线任务分配算法:分布式深度压缩算法(DDCA)和分布式快速压缩算法(DQCA)。基于压缩策略的两种方法分别以考虑长期效益和当前结果直接优化任务跨度为目标。这些算法都包括一个任务计算阶段、一个共识和压缩阶段以及一个任务更新阶段,以迭代的方式在每个无人机上运行。该方法简便、高效、随时可用,可在较短时间内达到较好的解决效果。数值结果表明,与经典的SSIA算法相比,该算法在各种条件下都具有更好的性能。
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引用次数: 2
期刊
2017 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Biomimetics (ROBIO)
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