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General practitioners' knowledge, attitudes and practices towards health promotion in Morocco. 摩洛哥全科医生对促进健康的知识、态度和做法。
IF 1.1 Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.4103/npmj.npmj_83_23
Ouassim Mansoury, Samira Essoli, Hamza Kachkouch, Adil Mansouri, Latifa Adarmouch, Mohamed Amine, Majda Sebbani

Background: Health promotion (HP) is a part of the general practitioners' (GPs) competencies defined by the World Organization of Family Doctors. The implementation of HP in their practice is unsatisfactory.

Aims: The aim of this study was to explore GPs knowledge, attitudes and practices in Morocco about HP at the primary healthcare services.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using an online self-administrated questionnaire including, knowledge, attitudes and practices of GPs toward HP. Descriptive and bivariate analyses were conducted.

Results: Two hundred and forty GPs responded to our questionnaires, the sex ratio was 1.12 with an average age of 40.46 ± 9.05 years. More than half of our participants perceived HP as a concept indistinct from prevention, 70.4% believed that HP refers to the biomedical model. On a Likert scale of 1-5, the level of HP knowledge was 2.71 ± 1.13. The most discussed topics with the population were tobacco, alcohol, overweight and obesity. Statistically significant association was found between the competencies of GPs in lifestyle behaviours and the practice of this competence.

Conclusion: The knowledge of GPs remains insufficient, and their practices focus more on the areas in which they feel competent, which requires the implementation of specific training for the development of GPs skills in HP.

背景:健康促进(HP)是世界家庭医生组织定义的全科医生能力的一部分。HP在他们的实践中的实施并不令人满意。目的:本研究的目的是探索摩洛哥全科医生在初级医疗服务中对HP的知识、态度和做法。方法:采用在线自我管理问卷进行横断面研究,包括全科医生对HP的知识、态度和实践。进行了描述性和双变量分析。结果:240名全科医生回答了我们的问卷,性别比为1.12,平均年龄为40.46±9.05岁。超过一半的参与者认为HP是一个与预防模糊的概念,70.4%的人认为HP指的是生物医学模型。在Likert量表1-5中,HP知识水平为2.71±1.13。人们讨论最多的话题是烟草、酒精、超重和肥胖。全科医生在生活方式行为方面的能力与这种能力的实践之间存在统计学上的显著关联。结论:全科医生的知识仍然不足,他们的实践更多地集中在他们认为有能力的领域,这需要对全科医生在惠普的技能发展进行具体的培训。
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引用次数: 0
The impact of politics, security and health on the escalation of road traffic accidents and their consequences in Iraq for the period 2015-2020. 2015-2020年期间,政治、安全和健康对伊拉克道路交通事故升级及其后果的影响。
IF 1.1 Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.4103/npmj.npmj_121_23
Miaad K Alkhudhairy, Ali A Aldhalemi

Background: This study aimed to detect the impact of politics, security and health on the escalation of road traffic accidents (RTAs) and their consequences in Iraq for the period 2015-2020.

Methodology: The data of this cross-sectional study were obtained from the annual reports of RTA statistics from the Central Statistical Organisation of the Iraqi Ministry of Planning. The statistical analysis of data was done using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences.

Results: In this study, it was noted that the rate of RTAs, injuries and deaths increased from 16% to 19.5%, from 16.5% to 17.3% and from 16.2% to 20%, respectively, for the years 2015-2019, while the rates of RTAs, injuries and deaths in 2020 recorded a clear decrease compared to the rest of the years under study, and the rates were as follows: 14.8%, 14.4% and 14.1%, respectively. According to the types of traffic accidents, the rate of crashes recorded the highest rate of 51% in all years of the study compared to the run over, overturn and other unclassified accidents, which were 37%, 10% and 2%, respectively, and it was revealed that crashes, run over and other unclassified incidents increased from 5% to 20%, from 17% to 19% and from 18% to 26%, respectively, for the years 2015-2019, whereas all types of RTAs in 2020 were recorded the lowest rates compared to other years under study. Al-Basra, Baghdad, Al-Najaf and Babylon were recorded the highest rates of traffic accidents for the 6 years under study, with a rate of 13.3%, 11.7%, 11.1% and 10.4%, respectively.

Conclusions: Although traffic accidents were not recorded in the years 2015, 2016 and 2017 for the governorates of Nineveh and Anbar due to the occupation of the terrorist Islamic State, traffic accidents maintained their levels due to internal migration. It was also noted that the rate of road accidents was the highest in 2019 compared to the years under study due to the liberation of occupied cities, the return of safety and the return of recording accident data again, while the year 2020 recorded a clear decrease in the rate of road accidents, especially in the first half of it due to the October protests that led to the suspension of all government institutions, universities and schools. The second reason for the decrease in the second half of 2020 is attributed to the lockdown of corona. It seems that the political, security, military and health factors have an effective impact on the traffic reality.

背景:本研究旨在检测2015-2020年期间政治、安全和健康对伊拉克道路交通事故升级及其后果的影响。方法:本横断面研究的数据来自伊拉克规划部中央统计组织的道路交通事故统计年度报告。使用社会科学统计包对数据进行统计分析。结果:在这项研究中,注意到2015-2019年的区域贸易协定、伤害和死亡率分别从16%增加到19.5%、从16.5%增加到17.3%和从16.2%增加到20%,与研究的其余年份相比,2020年的伤亡人数明显下降,比率如下:分别为14.8%、14.4%和14.1%。根据交通事故的类型,与碾过、翻车和其他未分类事故相比,车祸发生率在研究的所有年份中最高,分别为51%、37%、10%和2%。研究表明,车祸、碾过和其他未分级事故分别从5%增加到20%、从17%增加到19%和从18%增加到26%,2015-2019年,而与其他研究年份相比,2020年所有类型的区域贸易协定的比率都最低。在所研究的6年中,巴士拉、巴格达、纳杰夫和巴比伦的交通事故率最高,分别为13.3%、11.7%、11.1%和10.4%。结论:尽管尼尼微省和安巴尔省在2015年、2016年和2017年因恐怖分子伊斯兰国的占领而没有交通事故记录,但由于国内移民,交通事故保持了其水平。还注意到,与研究年份相比,2019年的道路事故率最高,这是由于被占领城市的解放、安全的恢复和事故数据记录的再次恢复,而2020年的道路交通事故率明显下降,尤其是在上半年,由于10月份的抗议活动,导致所有政府机构、大学和学校停课。2020年下半年下降的第二个原因是科罗纳的封锁。政治、安全、军事和健康因素似乎对交通现实产生了有效影响。
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引用次数: 0
Incidental histopathological diagnosis of tonsilar actinomycosis: A report of four cases. 扁桃体放线菌病的偶然组织病理学诊断:附4例报告。
IF 1.1 Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.4103/npmj.npmj_325_22
Modupeola Omotara Samaila, Kamarudeen Sani, Nurudeen Adebola Shofoluwe, Ifusumu Yirom Rimamskep

Actinomycosis of the tonsils is uncommon even though the causative organisms are normal commensal of the oropharyngeal tract that may colonise the tonsillar crypts with resultant infection in apparently healthy individuals. Diagnosis is often incidental in tonsillectomy specimens sent to the pathology laboratory for varied diseases. This is a 10-year study of tonsillectomy specimens diagnosed with actinomycosis. Specimens were formalin-fixed and paraffin processed and stained with haematoxylin and eosin, gromott methenamine silver and periodic acid-Schiff. Four cases of tonsillar actinomycosis were diagnosed from a total of 772 tonsillectomy specimens. Histologically, characteristic oeosinophilic granules with peripheral radial protuberances surrounded by microabscesses were seen. Tonsillar actinomycosis is often an incidental diagnosis; however, a high index of suspicion should be entertained in patients with recurrent tonsillitis and/or tonsillar hypertrophy of unknown cause.

扁桃体放线菌病并不常见,尽管致病生物体是口咽道的正常共生体,可能会在扁桃体隐窝中定植,从而导致明显健康的个体感染。诊断通常是偶然的扁桃体切除标本送往病理学实验室的各种疾病。这是一项对诊断为放线菌病的扁桃体切除术标本进行的为期10年的研究。标本用福尔马林固定,石蜡处理,并用苏木精和伊红、格罗莫特-甲基胺银和碘酸希夫染色。从772个扁桃体切除标本中诊断出4例扁桃体放线菌病。组织学上可见特征性嗜酸性粒细胞,周围有放射状突起,周围有微脓肿。扁桃体放线菌病通常是一种偶然诊断;然而,对于不明原因的复发性扁桃体炎和/或扁桃体肥大的患者,应给予高度怀疑。
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引用次数: 0
Authors reply: Hoarseness in a Nigerian tertiary health facility - Prevalence, aetiology and predisposing factors. Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal. 2022 Oct 1;29 (4):341-346. 作者回答:尼日利亚三级卫生机构中的囤积症——患病率、病因和易感因素。尼日利亚研究生医学杂志。2022年10月1日;29(4):341-346。
IF 0.8 Q3 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.4103/npmj.npmj_129_23
Foluso Mercy Adeyeye, Kufre Robert Iseh, Mohammed Abdullahi
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引用次数: 0
Consider neurological causes of hoarseness. 考虑声音嘶哑的神经原因。
IF 0.8 Q3 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.4103/npmj.npmj_112_23
Josef Finsterer
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引用次数: 0
Burden, socio-demographic and other risk factors associated with haemodialysis in North-west Nigeria: A retrospective multicentre analysis. 尼日利亚西北部与血液透析相关的负担、社会人口统计学和其他风险因素:一项回顾性多中心分析。
IF 1.1 Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.4103/npmj.npmj_80_23
Usman Muhammad Ibrahim, Abubakar Mohammed Jibo, Rayyan Muhammad Garba, Rabiu Ibrahim Jalo, Fatimah Ismail Tsiga-Ahmed, Abubakar Musa, Salisu Muazu, Serawit Lisanework, Luka Fitto Buba, Kamalu Shehu Sidi, Ademola Lawrence Babatunde, Kabiru Abdulsalam, Mustapha Zakariyya Karkarna

Background: Kidney diseases requiring haemodialysis are becoming an emerging public health problem. This study aimed to determine the burden, socio-demographic and other risk factors associated with haemodialysis in Northwest Nigeria.

Methodology: The study was a retrospective multicentre review of secondary data from the dialysis centres of public hospitals in northwestern Nigeria. Risk factors for renal failure were examined in 1329 patients who were enrolled for haemodialysis between 2019 and 2022 in the four public dialysis centres in Kano and Jigawa state. Data were analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 22.0, with statistical significance set at P ≤ 0.05.

Results: The minimum age of the patients was 2 years and the maximum was 100 years with a median of 48 (interquartile range = 31, 60) years. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) was found amongst more than two-thirds 998 (75.1%) of the patients. Up to 51 (3.8%), 62 (4.7%) and 10 (0.8%) were seropositive for HIV, hepatitis B and hepatitis C, respectively. Acute kidney injury (AKI) was significantly higher (67.9%, P < 0.001) amongst patients with post-partum haemorrhage (PPH), and were 24 times more likely to develop AKI when compared with those with no PPH (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] =24, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [13.5-44.5]). CKD was significantly higher amongst patients with hypertension (HTN) (84.9%, P < 0.001), and were 3.2 times more likely to develop CKD compared with non-hypertensives (aOR = 3.2, 95% CI = [2.4-4.1]). Acute on CKD (AOCCKD) was significantly higher amongst patients with chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN) (28.1%, P < 0.001), and were three times more likely to develop AOCCKD than those without CGN (aOR = 3, 95% CI = [2.1-4.2]).

Conclusion: PPH was the major reason for AKI related haemodialysis while diabetes and HTN were the major causes of CKD-requiring haemodialysis. CGN was more amongst patients who had dialysis due to acute exacerbation of CKD. The government and relevant stakeholders should ensure a favourable policy for the screening and management of patients.

背景:需要血液透析的肾脏疾病正在成为一个新出现的公共卫生问题。本研究旨在确定尼日利亚西北部血液透析的负担、社会人口统计和其他风险因素。方法:该研究是对尼日利亚西北部公立医院透析中心的二次数据进行的回顾性多中心审查。对2019年至2022年间在卡诺州和吉加瓦州的四个公共透析中心接受血液透析的1329名患者进行了肾衰竭的风险因素检查。使用IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows 22.0版对数据进行分析,统计学显著性设定为P≤0.05。结果:患者的最小年龄为2岁,最大年龄为100岁,中位数为48岁(四分位间距=31.60)。超过三分之二的998(75.1%)患者中发现了慢性肾脏疾病(CKD)。艾滋病毒、乙型肝炎和丙型肝炎的血清阳性率分别高达51人(3.8%)、62人(4.7%)和10人(0.8%)。产后出血(PPH)患者的急性肾损伤(AKI)明显更高(67.9%,P<0.001),与无产后出血患者相比,发生AKI的可能性高出24倍(调整比值比[aOR]=24,95%置信区间[CI]=[13.5-44.5]),与非高血压患者相比,发生CKD的可能性高3.2倍(aOR=3.2,95%CI=[2.4-4.1])。慢性肾小球肾炎(CGN)患者中CKD急性期(AOCCCKD)显著高于慢性肾小球肾炎患者(28.1%,P<0.001),并且发生AOCCCKD的可能性是没有CGN的患者的三倍(aOR=3,95%CI=[2.1-4.2])。结论:PPH是AKI相关血液透析的主要原因,而糖尿病和HTN是需要血液透析的CKD的主要原因。CGN在因CKD急性加重而进行透析的患者中更多。政府和相关利益相关者应确保为患者的筛查和管理制定有利的政策。
{"title":"Burden, socio-demographic and other risk factors associated with haemodialysis in North-west Nigeria: A retrospective multicentre analysis.","authors":"Usman Muhammad Ibrahim, Abubakar Mohammed Jibo, Rayyan Muhammad Garba, Rabiu Ibrahim Jalo, Fatimah Ismail Tsiga-Ahmed, Abubakar Musa, Salisu Muazu, Serawit Lisanework, Luka Fitto Buba, Kamalu Shehu Sidi, Ademola Lawrence Babatunde, Kabiru Abdulsalam, Mustapha Zakariyya Karkarna","doi":"10.4103/npmj.npmj_80_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/npmj.npmj_80_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Kidney diseases requiring haemodialysis are becoming an emerging public health problem. This study aimed to determine the burden, socio-demographic and other risk factors associated with haemodialysis in Northwest Nigeria.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>The study was a retrospective multicentre review of secondary data from the dialysis centres of public hospitals in northwestern Nigeria. Risk factors for renal failure were examined in 1329 patients who were enrolled for haemodialysis between 2019 and 2022 in the four public dialysis centres in Kano and Jigawa state. Data were analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 22.0, with statistical significance set at P ≤ 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The minimum age of the patients was 2 years and the maximum was 100 years with a median of 48 (interquartile range = 31, 60) years. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) was found amongst more than two-thirds 998 (75.1%) of the patients. Up to 51 (3.8%), 62 (4.7%) and 10 (0.8%) were seropositive for HIV, hepatitis B and hepatitis C, respectively. Acute kidney injury (AKI) was significantly higher (67.9%, P < 0.001) amongst patients with post-partum haemorrhage (PPH), and were 24 times more likely to develop AKI when compared with those with no PPH (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] =24, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [13.5-44.5]). CKD was significantly higher amongst patients with hypertension (HTN) (84.9%, P < 0.001), and were 3.2 times more likely to develop CKD compared with non-hypertensives (aOR = 3.2, 95% CI = [2.4-4.1]). Acute on CKD (AOCCKD) was significantly higher amongst patients with chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN) (28.1%, P < 0.001), and were three times more likely to develop AOCCKD than those without CGN (aOR = 3, 95% CI = [2.1-4.2]).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PPH was the major reason for AKI related haemodialysis while diabetes and HTN were the major causes of CKD-requiring haemodialysis. CGN was more amongst patients who had dialysis due to acute exacerbation of CKD. The government and relevant stakeholders should ensure a favourable policy for the screening and management of patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":19720,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10542317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Sleep disturbances and associated factors amongst stroke survivors in North Central, Nigeria. 尼日利亚中北部中风幸存者的睡眠障碍及相关因素。
IF 1.1 Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.4103/npmj.npmj_56_23
Emmanuel Uzodinma Iwuozo, John Owoicho Enyikwola, Paul Msugh Asor, Uzoma Ikenna Onyia, Ernest Okwundu Nwazor, Reginald Onyeadumarakwe Obiako

Introduction: Sleep disturbance is common in persons with stroke and when unrecognised and untreated may hinder rehabilitation efforts and lead to poor functional outcome. It may also result in increased risk for stroke recurrence.

Aim: We investigated the frequency and associated factors of sleep disturbances amongst stroke survivors.

Methodology: One hundred and ten stroke survivors attending the neurology outpatient clinics of two tertiary hospitals, from February 2021 to January 2022, were interviewed after obtaining ethical approval and informed consent. We used a structured questionnaire to obtain their socio-demographic, clinical characteristics and sleep disturbances. Excessive daytime sleepiness was assessed using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). Data were analysed with statistical significance set at P < 0.05.

Results: Eighty (72.7%) patients were males with a mean age of 61.4 ± 11.8, slightly older than the females (30, 27.3%) with a mean age of 60.9 ± 2.9. Their median follow-up duration was 7.5 months. Majority (84, 76.4%) had ischaemic stroke, and the frequency of sleep disturbances was 37 (33.6%) consisting of insomnia (19, 17.3%), hypersomnia (10, 9.0%), sleep-disordered breathing (5, 4.5%) and sleep-related movement disorder (3, 2.7%), respectively. Using the ESS score, 22 (20.0%) had mild, 10 (9.0%) had moderate and 7 (6.4%) had severe ESS scores, respectively. Univariate analysis showed depression to be significantly associated with ESS (P = 0.006) whereas multivariate analysis revealed age and sex as significant associated factors (P = 0.008 and P = 0.009) of ESS.

Conclusion: More than one-third of participants reported sleep disturbances with depression, age and gender as associated factors.

引言:睡眠障碍在中风患者中很常见,如果不加以识别和治疗,可能会阻碍康复工作并导致功能不良。它还可能导致中风复发的风险增加。目的:我们调查了脑卒中幸存者睡眠障碍的发生频率及相关因素。方法:在获得伦理批准和知情同意后,对2021年2月至2022年1月在两家三级医院神经内科门诊就诊的110名中风幸存者进行了访谈。我们使用结构化问卷来获取他们的社会人口统计学、临床特征和睡眠障碍。使用Epworth嗜睡量表(ESS)评估白天过度嗜睡。结果:80名(72.7%)患者为男性,平均年龄为61.4±11.8,略高于平均年龄为60.9±2.9的女性(30.27.3%)。他们的中位随访时间为7.5个月。大多数(84.76.4%)患有缺血性中风,睡眠障碍的频率为37(33.6%),分别包括失眠(19.17.3%)、嗜睡(10.90%)、睡眠呼吸障碍(5.45%)和睡眠相关运动障碍(3.27%)。使用ESS评分,分别有22人(20.0%)有轻度ESS评分,10人(9.0%)有中度ESS评分,7人(6.4%)有重度ESS评分。单变量分析显示抑郁与ESS显著相关(P=0.006),而多变量分析显示年龄和性别是ESS的显著相关因素(P=0.008和P=0.009)。结论:超过三分之一的参与者报告睡眠障碍,抑郁、年龄和性别为相关因素。
{"title":"Sleep disturbances and associated factors amongst stroke survivors in North Central, Nigeria.","authors":"Emmanuel Uzodinma Iwuozo,&nbsp;John Owoicho Enyikwola,&nbsp;Paul Msugh Asor,&nbsp;Uzoma Ikenna Onyia,&nbsp;Ernest Okwundu Nwazor,&nbsp;Reginald Onyeadumarakwe Obiako","doi":"10.4103/npmj.npmj_56_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/npmj.npmj_56_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Sleep disturbance is common in persons with stroke and when unrecognised and untreated may hinder rehabilitation efforts and lead to poor functional outcome. It may also result in increased risk for stroke recurrence.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>We investigated the frequency and associated factors of sleep disturbances amongst stroke survivors.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>One hundred and ten stroke survivors attending the neurology outpatient clinics of two tertiary hospitals, from February 2021 to January 2022, were interviewed after obtaining ethical approval and informed consent. We used a structured questionnaire to obtain their socio-demographic, clinical characteristics and sleep disturbances. Excessive daytime sleepiness was assessed using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). Data were analysed with statistical significance set at P < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eighty (72.7%) patients were males with a mean age of 61.4 ± 11.8, slightly older than the females (30, 27.3%) with a mean age of 60.9 ± 2.9. Their median follow-up duration was 7.5 months. Majority (84, 76.4%) had ischaemic stroke, and the frequency of sleep disturbances was 37 (33.6%) consisting of insomnia (19, 17.3%), hypersomnia (10, 9.0%), sleep-disordered breathing (5, 4.5%) and sleep-related movement disorder (3, 2.7%), respectively. Using the ESS score, 22 (20.0%) had mild, 10 (9.0%) had moderate and 7 (6.4%) had severe ESS scores, respectively. Univariate analysis showed depression to be significantly associated with ESS (P = 0.006) whereas multivariate analysis revealed age and sex as significant associated factors (P = 0.008 and P = 0.009) of ESS.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>More than one-third of participants reported sleep disturbances with depression, age and gender as associated factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":19720,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10542320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effect of a training intervention for finding the missed cases of tuberculosis amongst patent medicine vendors in Delta State, Nigeria. 尼日利亚三角洲州专利药品供应商中发现遗漏结核病病例的培训干预效果。
IF 1.1 Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.4103/npmj.npmj_50_23
Oboratare Ochei, Maureen Iru Ntaji, Ufuoma Aduh, Mamodesan T Okumagba, Nyemike Simeon Awunor

Context: The undiagnosed and untreated tuberculosis (TB) cases underpin the experience of accelerating deaths. Everyone should be engaged in managing TB patients to revert the current trend.

Aims: In this context, we assessed the outcome of an education intervention on the knowledge of TB and referral practice of presumptive TB cases to directly observed therapy strategy amongst patent medicine vendors (PMVs).

Settings and design: The study was quasi-experimental, conducted amongst 647 PMVs in Delta State, Nigeria.

Methods: A structured questionnaire was administered to obtain baseline data on knowledge of TB. An educational intervention on knowledge of TB was then given. A post-intervention assessment of TB knowledge was subsequently conducted using the same questionnaire. The exact number of referrals of presumptive TB cases by PMVs and the number that tested positive amongst the referred presumptive TB cases, 3 months before and after the training were obtained from the state TB database.

Statistical analysis used: SPSS v. 26 was used for data analysis.

Results: The pre-training knowledge average score was 15.45 ± 6.45, while the post-training average score was 19.44 ± 7.03 (P < 0.001). The pre-training average number of presumptive cases referred was 146 ± 124.7, and the post-training was 205.67 ± 255.4, P = 0.41. The pre-training average number of cases that turned out positive was 9.5 ± 6.3, and the post-training was 13.5 ± 11.3, P = 0.42.

Conclusion: There was a significant improvement in PMVs' knowledge of TB post-intervention. However, while an increase in the number of cases referred and positives detected was observed, this was not significant. Periodic training and updates to PMVs in keeping with current trends and best practices in TB management are recommended.

背景:未确诊和未经治疗的结核病病例是加速死亡的基础。每个人都应该参与结核病患者的管理,以扭转目前的趋势。目的:在这种情况下,我们评估了在专利药供应商(PMV)中直接观察治疗策略的关于结核病知识和推定结核病病例转诊实践的教育干预的结果。设置和设计:该研究是准实验性的,在三角洲州的647名PMV中进行,尼日利亚。方法:采用结构化问卷调查,获得结核病知识的基线数据。随后进行了关于结核病知识的教育干预。随后使用相同的问卷对结核病知识进行了干预后评估。培训前后3个月,由PMV转诊的推定结核病病例的确切数量以及转诊的假定结核病病例中检测呈阳性的数量来自州结核病数据库。统计分析采用SPSS v.26进行数据分析。结果:训练前知识平均分为15.45±6.45,训练后平均分为19.44±7.03(P<0.001)。训练前平均转诊病例数为146±124.7,训练后为205.67±255.4,P=0.41。训练前平均阳性病例数为9.5±6.3,训练后为13.5±11.3,P=0.042。然而,尽管观察到转诊病例和检测到阳性病例的数量有所增加,但这并不显著。建议根据结核病管理的当前趋势和最佳实践,定期对PMV进行培训和更新。
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引用次数: 0
The Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal: Award of impact factor of the Web of Science for the first time in year 2023. 尼日利亚研究生医学杂志:2023年首次获得科学网影响因素奖。
IF 1.1 Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.4103/npmj.npmj_172_23
Adedoyin Adekunle Adesanya
{"title":"The Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal: Award of impact factor of the Web of Science for the first time in year 2023.","authors":"Adedoyin Adekunle Adesanya","doi":"10.4103/npmj.npmj_172_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/npmj.npmj_172_23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19720,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10542319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Neurological soft signs in first episode psychosis among psychiatric hospital patients and its relationship with dimensions of psychopathology: A comparative study. 精神病院患者首发精神病的神经软体征及其与精神病理学维度的关系:一项比较研究。
IF 1.1 Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.4103/npmj.npmj_77_23
Obumneme Kenechukwu Nwiyi, Jude Uzoma Ohaeri, Mohammed Said Jidda, Ishiak Abioda Danjuma, Justus Uchenna Onu, Sunday Onyemaechi Oriji, Richard Uwakwe

Background: Neurological soft signs (NSS), as subtle, nonlocalising neurological abnormalities, are considered as the potential markers of psychosis. However, comparative studies of antipsychotic-naïve patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP) and first degree relatives (FDRs) are uncommon. We compared the prevalence and pattern of NSS in FEPs, their healthy FDRs and a healthy non-relatives' control group (HC), highlighted the relationship between NSS and psychopathology and proposed cut-off scores for prevalence studies.

Materials and methods: Two hundred and two participants per group were recruited. The FEPs were consecutive attendees; FDRs were accompanying caregivers; while the HC were from hospital staff. The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale and the Neurological Evaluation Scale were used to assess psychopathology dimensions and NSS, respectively.

Results: Using an item score of two ('substantial impairment'), the prevalence of at least one NSS was: 91.5% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 86.7%-94.9%), 16.8% (95% CI: 11.8%-22.7%) and 6.5% (95% CI: 3.5%-10.9%), respectively, for FEP, FDRs and HC. FEPs were impaired in a broad range of signs. The noteworthy relationships were as follows: (i) a significant correlation between the negative symptoms' dimension versus number of NSS (r = 0.4), and NSS total score (r = 0.3), (ii) the anxiety/depression dimension correlated negatively with number of NSS (r = -0.3) and (iii) NSS cut across psychosis categories. We propose a cut-off score of ≥ 4 for the number of signs signifying probable impairment.

Conclusion: The findings indicate that, subject to further studies, NSS could be regarded as a broader phenotype of neurologic dysfunction associated with psychosis proness.

背景:神经软征(NSS)作为一种微妙的、非局部的神经异常,被认为是精神病的潜在标志物。然而,对患有首发精神病(FEP)和一级亲属(FDRs)的抗精神病药物幼稚患者的比较研究并不常见。我们比较了FEP、其健康FDR和健康非亲属对照组(HC)中NSS的患病率和模式,强调了NSS与精神病理学之间的关系,并提出了患病率研究的截止分数。材料和方法:每组招募222名参与者。FEP是连续的参与者;FDR是陪护人员;HC来自医院工作人员。简要精神病学评定量表和神经病学评估量表分别用于评估精神病理学维度和NSS。结果:采用2分的项目评分(“实质性损伤”),FEP、FDRs和HC至少一种NSS的患病率分别为:91.5%(95%置信区间[CI]:86.7%-94.9%)、16.8%(95%CI:11.8%-22.7%)和6.5%(95%CI:3.5%-10.9%)。FEP在广泛的体征中受损。值得注意的关系如下:(i)阴性症状维度与NSS数量(r=0.4)和NSS总分(r=0.3)之间存在显著相关性,(ii)焦虑/抑郁维度与NSS数量(r=-0.3)呈负相关,(iii)NSS跨精神病类别。我们建议,表示可能损伤的体征数量的临界分数≥4。结论:研究结果表明,有待进一步研究,NSS可被视为与精神病倾向相关的神经功能障碍的一种更广泛的表型。
{"title":"Neurological soft signs in first episode psychosis among psychiatric hospital patients and its relationship with dimensions of psychopathology: A comparative study.","authors":"Obumneme Kenechukwu Nwiyi,&nbsp;Jude Uzoma Ohaeri,&nbsp;Mohammed Said Jidda,&nbsp;Ishiak Abioda Danjuma,&nbsp;Justus Uchenna Onu,&nbsp;Sunday Onyemaechi Oriji,&nbsp;Richard Uwakwe","doi":"10.4103/npmj.npmj_77_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/npmj.npmj_77_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Neurological soft signs (NSS), as subtle, nonlocalising neurological abnormalities, are considered as the potential markers of psychosis. However, comparative studies of antipsychotic-naïve patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP) and first degree relatives (FDRs) are uncommon. We compared the prevalence and pattern of NSS in FEPs, their healthy FDRs and a healthy non-relatives' control group (HC), highlighted the relationship between NSS and psychopathology and proposed cut-off scores for prevalence studies.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Two hundred and two participants per group were recruited. The FEPs were consecutive attendees; FDRs were accompanying caregivers; while the HC were from hospital staff. The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale and the Neurological Evaluation Scale were used to assess psychopathology dimensions and NSS, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Using an item score of two ('substantial impairment'), the prevalence of at least one NSS was: 91.5% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 86.7%-94.9%), 16.8% (95% CI: 11.8%-22.7%) and 6.5% (95% CI: 3.5%-10.9%), respectively, for FEP, FDRs and HC. FEPs were impaired in a broad range of signs. The noteworthy relationships were as follows: (i) a significant correlation between the negative symptoms' dimension versus number of NSS (r = 0.4), and NSS total score (r = 0.3), (ii) the anxiety/depression dimension correlated negatively with number of NSS (r = -0.3) and (iii) NSS cut across psychosis categories. We propose a cut-off score of ≥ 4 for the number of signs signifying probable impairment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings indicate that, subject to further studies, NSS could be regarded as a broader phenotype of neurologic dysfunction associated with psychosis proness.</p>","PeriodicalId":19720,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10542315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal
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