Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.1163/9789004372887_020
E. Hey
{"title":"The Anthropocene, Five Discourses and Frontier Space","authors":"E. Hey","doi":"10.1163/9789004372887_020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004372887_020","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":197250,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in International Environmental Law: Oceans and Climate Challenges","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131812975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.1163/9789004372887_005
D. Ong
This contribution builds on one aspect of David Freestone’s academic writing that spanned his World Bank career, namely, the relationships between international and transnational actors on environmental issues. Due to the increasing role of environmental and social considerations within multilateral development finance, which David was instrumental in bringing about, there is a need to ensure that the relevant international/ transnational actors concerned are held accountable for their efforts to inculcate such considerations within institutional decisionmaking processes. This contribution therefore assesses the different legal and institutional means by which such accountability is brought about. In doing so, this contribution examines the role of a variety of actors within international development finance law, and in particular, the public and private international finance institutions (ifi s) involved with major infrastructure development projects that have socioeconomic and environmental impacts. In this regard, this contribution is also in keeping with David’s indefatigable efforts to advance the frontiers of knowledge in the international environmental law field. These efforts in turn stem from his abiding interest in securing justice for those that are deprived of access to environmental services due to the machinations of international/ transnational actors. The provision of environmental justice in this regard is especially pertinent as the role of private ifi s grows in the field of international development projects. By focussing on the institutional accountability of public and private ifi s in this context, this contribution both charts and engages with these new frontiers of international environmental law. Multiple international actors are now commonly involved in major natural resource and/ or infrastructure development projects, usually comprising a mix of State and international/ transnational nonState actors. These projects are
{"title":"Shared Responsibility or Institutional Accountability? Continuing Conceptual and Enforcement Issues for Grievance Mechanisms of Public and Private International Finance Institutions","authors":"D. Ong","doi":"10.1163/9789004372887_005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004372887_005","url":null,"abstract":"This contribution builds on one aspect of David Freestone’s academic writing that spanned his World Bank career, namely, the relationships between international and transnational actors on environmental issues. Due to the increasing role of environmental and social considerations within multilateral development finance, which David was instrumental in bringing about, there is a need to ensure that the relevant international/ transnational actors concerned are held accountable for their efforts to inculcate such considerations within institutional decisionmaking processes. This contribution therefore assesses the different legal and institutional means by which such accountability is brought about. In doing so, this contribution examines the role of a variety of actors within international development finance law, and in particular, the public and private international finance institutions (ifi s) involved with major infrastructure development projects that have socioeconomic and environmental impacts. In this regard, this contribution is also in keeping with David’s indefatigable efforts to advance the frontiers of knowledge in the international environmental law field. These efforts in turn stem from his abiding interest in securing justice for those that are deprived of access to environmental services due to the machinations of international/ transnational actors. The provision of environmental justice in this regard is especially pertinent as the role of private ifi s grows in the field of international development projects. By focussing on the institutional accountability of public and private ifi s in this context, this contribution both charts and engages with these new frontiers of international environmental law. Multiple international actors are now commonly involved in major natural resource and/ or infrastructure development projects, usually comprising a mix of State and international/ transnational nonState actors. These projects are","PeriodicalId":197250,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in International Environmental Law: Oceans and Climate Challenges","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114372730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.1163/9789004372887_007
C. Schofield
{"title":"A New Frontier in the Law of the Sea? Responding to the Implications of Sea Level Rise for Baselines, Limits and Boundaries","authors":"C. Schofield","doi":"10.1163/9789004372887_007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004372887_007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":197250,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in International Environmental Law: Oceans and Climate Challenges","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122847027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.1163/9789004372887_017
Robin Warner
Environmental assessment1 of human activities with the potential for significant impacts on the marine species, habitats and ecosystems is an essential component of any ocean governance regime. The process of prior environmental impact assessment (eia) with its recognized stages of screening, scoping and public consultation is critical to minimizing adverse human impacts on these areas and developing suitable mitigation measures for the life of such activities and beyond. It can alert States to the potential for transboundary harm from certain activities in marine areas and in many cases requires States to notify and consult other States where risks to marine areas under their jurisdiction emerge.2 eia is an integral component of a precautionary approach to human activities with the potential for adverse effects on the marine environment. Undertaking prior eia and ongoing monitoring of activities with the potential for adverse effects on the marine environment is also vital in incorporating environmental concerns into the development process and facilitating sustainable development.3 The related but more recently developed process of an overarching strategic environmental assessment (sea) can be even more beneficial in mitigating the adverse impact of plans, policies and programmes for the development of broader scale marine areas where a range of human activities occur over longer time frames.4
{"title":"Strategic Environmental Assessment and Its Application to Marine Areas beyond National Jurisdiction","authors":"Robin Warner","doi":"10.1163/9789004372887_017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004372887_017","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental assessment1 of human activities with the potential for significant impacts on the marine species, habitats and ecosystems is an essential component of any ocean governance regime. The process of prior environmental impact assessment (eia) with its recognized stages of screening, scoping and public consultation is critical to minimizing adverse human impacts on these areas and developing suitable mitigation measures for the life of such activities and beyond. It can alert States to the potential for transboundary harm from certain activities in marine areas and in many cases requires States to notify and consult other States where risks to marine areas under their jurisdiction emerge.2 eia is an integral component of a precautionary approach to human activities with the potential for adverse effects on the marine environment. Undertaking prior eia and ongoing monitoring of activities with the potential for adverse effects on the marine environment is also vital in incorporating environmental concerns into the development process and facilitating sustainable development.3 The related but more recently developed process of an overarching strategic environmental assessment (sea) can be even more beneficial in mitigating the adverse impact of plans, policies and programmes for the development of broader scale marine areas where a range of human activities occur over longer time frames.4","PeriodicalId":197250,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in International Environmental Law: Oceans and Climate Challenges","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114387775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.1163/9789004372887_011
R. Rayfuse
{"title":"Taming the Wild North? High Seas Fisheries in the Warming Arctic","authors":"R. Rayfuse","doi":"10.1163/9789004372887_011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004372887_011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":197250,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in International Environmental Law: Oceans and Climate Challenges","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125889874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-21DOI: 10.1163/9789004372887_008
A. Macleod
The effect of climate change on extreme sea levels along Victoria’s coast (McInnes et.al., 2009a) This report was prepared
气候变化对维多利亚海岸极端海平面的影响(McInnes等)。a)本报告已编写
{"title":"Climate Change and Sea Level Rise","authors":"A. Macleod","doi":"10.1163/9789004372887_008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004372887_008","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of climate change on extreme sea levels along Victoria’s coast (McInnes et.al., 2009a) This report was prepared","PeriodicalId":197250,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in International Environmental Law: Oceans and Climate Challenges","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123347834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1935-08-01DOI: 10.1163/9789004372887_018
A. M. Keefe
{"title":"The Sargasso Sea","authors":"A. M. Keefe","doi":"10.1163/9789004372887_018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004372887_018","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":197250,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in International Environmental Law: Oceans and Climate Challenges","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1935-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114921505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1163/9789004372887_006
{"title":"International Law Obligations of States in Undelimited Maritime Frontier Areas","authors":"","doi":"10.1163/9789004372887_006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004372887_006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":197250,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in International Environmental Law: Oceans and Climate Challenges","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133072898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1163/9789004372887_021
{"title":"David Freestone","authors":"","doi":"10.1163/9789004372887_021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004372887_021","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":197250,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in International Environmental Law: Oceans and Climate Challenges","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131778349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1163/9789004372887_009
{"title":"The Frontier in the Historical Development of the International Law of the Sea","authors":"","doi":"10.1163/9789004372887_009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004372887_009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":197250,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in International Environmental Law: Oceans and Climate Challenges","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124150557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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