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Mechanical Engineering Design Education: Issues and Case Studies最新文献

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Developing New Methods of Improving Design Productivity by Focusing on Transitions Between Working Situations 通过关注工作环境之间的转换,开发提高设计效率的新方法
Pub Date : 2001-11-11 DOI: 10.1115/imece2001/de-23281
K. Kristensen, H. P. Hildre
This paper gives an overview of the mechanisms behind transitions between working situations, and how effective transition mechanisms influence designer productivity. Effective transitions between working situations are based on knowledge conversion between tacit (implicit) and explicit (formalized) knowledge. Closing ongoing tasks represents micro-externalization or a conversion from tacit to explicit knowledge, and opening (new) tasks represents the reversed sequence, internalization, from explicit to tacit knowledge. These transitions assist the designer in shifting between different tasks, where knowledge that has been formalized makes the designer capable of starting the new task quicker than he or she would have been able to without the prior externalization process. Transitions between working situations can be divided into controlled transitions and forced transitions, where forced transitions are initiated by some external need, disturbance or interruption. It becomes increasingly important to pay attention to what mechanisms these different transitions represent, and how to manage them.
本文概述了工作环境之间转换的机制,以及有效的转换机制如何影响设计师的生产力。工作情境之间的有效转换是基于隐性(隐式)和显性(形式化)知识之间的知识转换。关闭正在进行的任务代表了微外部化或从隐性知识到显性知识的转换,而打开(新)任务则代表了相反的顺序,即从显性知识到隐性知识的内部化。这些过渡可以帮助设计师在不同任务之间进行转换,在这种情况下,形式化的知识使设计师能够更快地开始新任务,而不是在没有事先外化过程的情况下。工作环境之间的过渡可分为受控过渡和强迫过渡,其中强迫过渡是由某些外部需要、干扰或中断引起的。关注这些不同的转换所代表的机制以及如何管理它们变得越来越重要。
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引用次数: 1
Abutment Hammering Tool for Dental Implants 牙种植体基台锤击工具
Pub Date : 2001-11-11 DOI: 10.1115/imece2001/de-25112
Robert Birichi, J. O'Callaghan, T. Goddard, J. Jagodnik, Sean Westbrock
One method for installing dental prosthetics uses components fastened with a tapered interference fit. An abutment is fastened into an implant to provide an anchor for the prosthesis. The current method of installation involves hammering with a dental mallet, which provides inconsistent force. A proposal to replace this method is presented. The mechanics of the taper lock were examined to determine the optimal seating force. The chosen design was analyzed for potential weaknesses. A proof of concept prototype was fabricated and a prototype is being manufactured for further analysis. Experimentation indicates that the variance of applied force is significantly reduced.
一种安装牙科修复体的方法使用用锥形过盈配合固定的组件。将基台固定在植入物中,为假体提供锚定。目前的安装方法包括用牙锤锤,这提供了不一致的力。提出了一种替代该方法的方案。对锥度锁的力学特性进行了研究,以确定最佳的座紧力。分析了所选设计的潜在弱点。制作了概念验证原型,并正在制造原型以进行进一步分析。实验表明,所施加的力的变化明显减小。
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引用次数: 6
See Labs Run: A Design-Oriented Laboratory for Teaching Dynamic Systems 参见实验室运行:面向设计的动态系统教学实验室
Pub Date : 2001-11-11 DOI: 10.1115/imece2001/de-23283
J. Cham, M. Cutkosky, B. Stafford
Design engineers must have an intuitive understanding of the behavior of dynamic systems. Teaching the mathematical tools for analyzing and designing dynamic systems presents the challenge of maintaining the connection to the physical world. This paper describes a novel sequence of undergraduate laboratory experiments that illustrates basic concepts in dynamic system analysis and motivates their use as design tools. The approach taken connects the laboratory sessions with a design goal for a dynamic mechanical device that the students can see, touch, re-design and modify. The device used is called the “Dashpod,” a simple, pneumatically-actuated, self-stabilizing, dynamic hopping machine. Through coordinated laboratory sessions and lectures, students used classroom concepts to improve the machine’s hopping motion. This paper describes the purpose and design of the Dashpod, presents examples of how it was integrated into laboratory exercises and shows results of student evaluations.
设计工程师必须对动态系统的行为有直观的理解。教授分析和设计动态系统的数学工具提出了保持与物理世界联系的挑战。本文描述了一系列新的本科生实验室实验,说明了动态系统分析的基本概念,并激励他们作为设计工具的使用。所采用的方法将实验室课程与动态机械装置的设计目标联系起来,学生可以看到,触摸,重新设计和修改。所使用的装置被称为“Dashpod”,这是一种简单的、气动驱动的、自稳定的动态跳跃机器。通过协调的实验和讲座,学生们运用课堂概念来改进机器的跳跃动作。本文描述了Dashpod的目的和设计,展示了如何将其整合到实验室练习中的示例,并展示了学生评估的结果。
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引用次数: 8
Design of a Mobility Mechanism for a Rescue and Surveillance Vehicle 救援监视车辆机动机构设计
Pub Date : 2001-11-11 DOI: 10.1115/imece2001/de-25114
Amip Shah, M. Resciniti
Even though there may not be any survivors, rescue workers routinely risk their own lives in the hope of saving victims of accidents or natural disasters. However, inaccessibility to the disaster site often delays rescue efforts, thereby reducing the chances of survival. Students at Rowan University have proposed the construction of a rescue and surveillance vehicle (RSV) — a remote-controlled, mobile system designed to provide rescuers with means of finding survivors without having to needlessly risk their own lives. This paper describes the overall concept behind the RSV while focusing on the design and construction of a mobility mechanism to provide universal navigability.
即使可能没有幸存者,救援人员也经常冒着生命危险,希望拯救事故或自然灾害的受害者。然而,无法进入灾难现场往往会延误救援工作,从而降低了生存的机会。罗文大学(Rowan University)的学生们提议建造一辆救援和监视车(RSV)——一种远程控制的移动系统,旨在为救援人员提供寻找幸存者的手段,而不必冒不必要的生命危险。本文描述了RSV背后的整体概念,同时重点介绍了提供通用通航性的移动机制的设计和构建。
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引用次数: 0
Methods and Tools for the Design of Mechatronic Products Concepts and Examples From the University of Darmstadt 达姆施塔特大学机电产品设计方法与工具的概念与实例
Pub Date : 2001-11-11 DOI: 10.1115/imece2001/de-23287
R. Anderl, Sven Kleiner
This paper describes the academic program of Mechanical and Process Engineering at Darmstadt University of Technology in Germany. The faculty is offering courses in general mechanical engineering, mechatronics as well as paper science and technology and chemical engineering. A closer look will be provided on design methodologies on one hand and computer aided methods and tools on the other hand in order to show the importance of teaching these specific classes. As a consequence of efficient curriculum structure of the faculty, two examples will be used to illustrate the results of project and research work in cooperation between the Department of Computer Integrated Design and students.
本文介绍了德国达姆施塔特工业大学机械与工艺工程专业的学术计划。学院开设通用机械工程、机电一体化、造纸科学与技术、化学工程等课程。为了显示教学这些特定课程的重要性,我们将对设计方法和计算机辅助方法和工具进行更深入的探讨。由于学院的课程结构有效,我们将用两个例子来说明计算机集成设计系与学生合作的项目和研究工作的结果。
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引用次数: 0
Microsystems Challenges for Engineering Education 工程教育的微系统挑战
Pub Date : 2001-11-11 DOI: 10.1115/imece2001/de-23288
James J. Allen
Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) have recently caught the national attention and are on the verge of producing many new products and applications in the world. This is a very multidisciplinary field that presents many unique challenges for engineering education. This paper will discuss the background of MEMS technology and the unique challenges MEMS pose to engineering education. The paper will also mention various approaches that are being taken to address MEMS education.
微机电系统(MEMS)近年来引起了各国的重视,并在世界范围内产生了许多新产品和新应用。这是一个非常多学科的领域,为工程教育提出了许多独特的挑战。本文将讨论MEMS技术的背景和MEMS对工程教育的独特挑战。本文还将提到用于解决MEMS教育的各种方法。
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引用次数: 0
Failure Analysis of the Rear Axles in a Sports Utility Vehicle (SUV) 某运动型多用途车(SUV)后轴失效分析
Pub Date : 2001-11-11 DOI: 10.1115/imece2001/de-23299
J. Rasty, X. Le
In a rollover accident, both rear axles of a Sports Utility Vehicle (SUV) were fractured adjacent to the wheel-mounting flange. The purpose of this paper is to describe the methodology and experimental techniques used in determining whether one or both axles failed prior to the accident, and thus contributing to the accident, or whether both axles failed as a result of the rollover and the ensuing impact with the highway. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) technique was used to obtain detailed characteristics of the fracture surface on both axles. Through-thickness hardness profile of the axles was determined using incremental micro-hardness measurements in order to assess the depth of case hardening in both axles. Impact, tensile and fatigue specimens were machined from the remaining parts of the failed axles and were tested to destruction using standard impact (Izod), tensile and fatigue tests. The fracture surface characteristics of the test specimens were compared to those of the failed axles in order to isolate the mode of failure. Based on the results of the above tests, the history of the repair work performed on the rear wheel bearings and the physical evidence of various marks and damages remaining on the vehicle’s body, it was determined that one of the rear axles failed prior to the rollover, while the other occurred as a result of the rollover and ensuing impact with the highway.
在一起侧翻事故中,一辆运动型多功能车(SUV)的两个后轴在靠近车轮安装法兰的地方断裂。本文的目的是描述用于确定是否一个或两个轴在事故发生前失效,从而导致事故的方法和实验技术,或者两个轴是否由于侧翻和随后与高速公路的影响而失效。采用扫描电镜(SEM)技术获得了两轴断口的详细特征。使用增量显微硬度测量来确定车轴的全厚度硬度分布,以评估两个车轴的表面硬化深度。冲击、拉伸和疲劳试样从失效轴的剩余部分进行机械加工,并使用标准冲击(Izod)、拉伸和疲劳试验进行破坏试验。将试件的断口特征与失效轴的断口特征进行对比,以分离失效模式。根据上述测试的结果、对后轮轴承进行的维修工作的历史以及车辆身上遗留的各种痕迹和损坏的物理证据,确定其中一个后轴在侧翻之前失效,而另一个则是由于侧翻和随后与高速公路的碰撞而发生的。
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引用次数: 0
Failure Analysis and Redesign of a Pressure Powered Pump Mechanism 压力驱动泵机构的失效分析与再设计
Pub Date : 2001-11-11 DOI: 10.1115/imece2001/de-23296
J. Brader, D. N. Rocheleau
This paper identifies the field failures of a Pressured Powered Pump (PPP) mechanism and presents the analysis and subsequent corrective action taken to prevent these failures. The Pressure Powered Pump is a mechanism that converts the liquid level within the body of the pump to the position and actuation of two valves on top of the pump. The two valves control motive pressure within the pump, and therefore, control the pumping action. Tracking in-use field data, it was seen that the pump fails at several locations, which, regardless of the location of the failure, can be attributed to an ill-designed crank-slide mechanism inside the pump. The purpose of the project, and thus the subject of this paper, is the analysis of these failures, the identification of the typical mode of failure, and the subsequent corrective action taken to prevent these types of failures. The PPP project was executed at the University of South Carolina with support from the manufacturer of the pump. To identify and prevent failures of the pump, three phases were undertaken. First, a failure analysis of the existing mechanism and failed components was performed. Second, using the analysis information, a redesign of the pump was undertaken. And third, a new analysis was performed on the redesigned mechanism, which turned out to be a slider crank. The outcome of this work is a pump whose mechanism now operates under reduced forces and stresses; thus, results in a pump with a predictably longer lifecycle and far fewer failures.
本文确定了压力动力泵(PPP)机构的现场故障,并介绍了分析和随后采取的纠正措施,以防止这些故障。压力驱动泵是一种将泵体内的液位转换为泵顶部两个阀门的位置和驱动的机构。这两个阀控制泵内的动力压力,从而控制泵的动作。跟踪现场使用数据可以发现,泵在几个位置出现故障,无论故障发生在哪里,都可以归因于泵内部曲柄滑动机构设计不当。项目的目的,也就是本文的主题,是对这些故障的分析,对典型故障模式的识别,以及为防止这些类型的故障而采取的后续纠正措施。在泵制造商的支持下,该PPP项目在南卡罗来纳大学实施。为了识别和防止泵的故障,进行了三个阶段。首先,对现有机构和失效部件进行了失效分析。其次,利用分析信息,对泵进行了重新设计。再次,对重新设计的机构进行了分析,结果表明该机构为滑块曲柄。这项工作的结果是一个泵,其机制现在在减小的力和应力下运行;因此,可预见的是,泵的使用寿命更长,故障更少。
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引用次数: 2
Teaching MEMS to Mechanical Engineering Students: A Paradigm Shift From Macro to Micro World 机械工程专业学生MEMS教学:从宏观到微观世界的范式转换
Pub Date : 2001-11-11 DOI: 10.1115/imece2001/de-23289
I. Kao
This paper presents pedagogical issues and experience in teaching the introduction to MEMS (Micro Electro-Mechanical System) course to a group of engineering students, primarily Mechanical Engineering students. The paper draws upon the author’s experience in teaching the MEMS course. Since MEMS is highly inter-disciplinary, the presentation of various relevant topics in MEMS, which may or may not be familiar to a mechanical engineering student, is of critical importance. These topics vary from physics, electrochemistry, materials, and electronic engineering, to various areas in mechanical engineering. An integrated approach for the presentation of subjects, especially in design and fabrication, was found to be very helpful. Moreover, the paradigm shift from the macro world, that most students are familiar and comfortable with, to the micro world is significant and needs to be emphasized. The author found the concept of scaling law, when shifting to the micro world, to be essential in the presentation of MEMS to engineering students in order for them to comprehend the size factor in MEMS. In addition, understanding and appreciation of the strengths and limitations of MEMS are also critical in learning MEMS. Finally, a good textbook will facilitate the learning process of such vast subject. A bibliography of useful textbooks and reference books used by the author will be listed at the end of this paper.
本文介绍了一群工科学生(主要是机械工程系学生)在MEMS(微机电系统)导论课程教学中的问题和经验。本文结合笔者在微机电系统课程中的教学经验。由于MEMS是高度跨学科的,MEMS中各种相关主题的介绍,对于机械工程专业的学生来说可能是熟悉的,也可能是不熟悉的,是至关重要的。这些主题从物理、电化学、材料和电子工程,到机械工程的各个领域。一个综合的方法来呈现主题,特别是在设计和制造,被发现是非常有用的。此外,从大多数学生熟悉和舒适的宏观世界到微观世界的范式转变是重要的,需要强调。作者发现,当转移到微观世界时,缩放定律的概念在向工程学生介绍MEMS时是必不可少的,以便他们理解MEMS中的尺寸因素。此外,理解和欣赏MEMS的优势和局限性也是学习MEMS的关键。最后,一本好的教科书将有助于学习如此庞大的学科。本文最后将列出作者使用过的有用的教科书和参考书的参考书目。
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引用次数: 0
Engineering Across Borders: Educational Practices for Improving the Effectiveness of Globally Distributed Engineering Design Teams 跨国界工程:提高全球分布工程设计团队效率的教育实践
Pub Date : 2001-11-11 DOI: 10.1115/imece2001/de-23280
K. David, John R. Lloyd
Globalization of engineering design teams occurs both in industry and also in the engineering classroom. Strategic needs for operating multi-site operations and inter-organizational alliances call for more effective boundary-spanning partnerships: inter-divisional, inter-organizational, and often, multi-country partnerships. This paper reports a multi-discipline research study — involving engineering, anthropology and telecommunications elements — on global engineering design teams. US engineering students from mechanical, chemical, and electrical engineering worked together with counterparts from China and the Netherlands. The students learned advanced telecommunication media and transcultural communication skills needed to carry out the tri-continental design project. They used an active learning process called transcultural incident reporting that focuses on cultural and power issues that must be managed in order to accomplish high quality design. The engineers’ reports show a gain in understanding of the cultural and power issues that affect boundary-spanning project performance.
工程设计团队的全球化既发生在工业领域,也发生在工程课堂上。开展多地点业务和组织间联盟的战略需要要求建立更有效的跨界伙伴关系:部门间、组织间以及经常是多国的伙伴关系。本文报告了一项涉及工程、人类学和电信元素的多学科研究,涉及全球工程设计团队。来自机械、化学和电气工程专业的美国工程专业学生与来自中国和荷兰的同行一起工作。学生们学习了执行三大洲设计项目所需的先进电信媒体和跨文化沟通技巧。他们采用了一种被称为跨文化事件报告的主动学习过程,专注于文化和权力问题,为了完成高质量的设计,必须对这些问题进行管理。工程师的报告表明,他们对影响跨界项目绩效的文化和权力问题的理解有所提高。
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引用次数: 7
期刊
Mechanical Engineering Design Education: Issues and Case Studies
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